MIDDLE AGES. Most Powerful and influential Institution during Middle Ages Brought Order & Unity ...
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Transcript of MIDDLE AGES. Most Powerful and influential Institution during Middle Ages Brought Order & Unity ...
ROLE OF THE CHURCH Most Powerful and influential Institution during
Middle Ages Brought Order & Unity Functions:1. Religious-
Excommunication2. Political-
Canon Law3. Economic-
Tithe4. Social-Monasteries were places where monksand nuns focused on spiritual goals
http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/why-would-you-put-a-cadaver-on-trial/
STRUCTURE OF THE CHURCH
CLERGY: 1. POPE – head of the Church 2. BISHOPS – leads the Diocese {today there are about 3000 worldwide} 3. PRIESTS – in charge of parish {Deacons assist Priests} {Cardinals are advisors appointed by
the Pope They elect the Pope…}
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE
Churches (Cathedrals) were built during Middle Ages starting in 1100 Gothic Characteristics: Stained Glass Windows Tall Spires Pointed Arches Ribbed Vaults Flying Buttresses
THE CRUSADES
Series of Holy Wars between Muslims & Christians lasting over 300 years
Crusaders comprised military units of Roman Catholics from all over western Europe were not under unified command
Wars took place in the Middle East: Christians vs. Muslims
Main reason – Christians wanted to regain “Holy Land” (Palestine) from Muslims
REASONS FOR THE CRUSADES Pope hoped to unite Roman and
Byzantine Christians Sins would be forgiven Gain wealth & land Adventure –excitement & travel Get rid of quarrelsome Knights Serfs wanted to escape
FIRST CRUSADE 1095 -1099
POPE URBAN II calls for “holy war”- take back control of holy land and help out Byzantines
Soldiers recruited from all over Western Europe (France, Germany, Italy, England, Spain) July 15, 1099 Crusaders entered Jerusalem Massacred Jews/Muslims took control of city Muslims surprised by attacks not united under single ruler
RESULTS OF FIRST CRUSADE
Crusaders establish Christian states in:*JERUSALEM*ANTIOCH*EDESSA Edessa recaptured by Muslims in 1144
leading to the Second Crusade
SALADIN
Unites most of the Muslim world – Egypt, Syria, North Africa, Mesopotamia
July 4, 1187 – defeats Crusader army at Battle of Hattin
October 2, 1187 – Saladin captures Jerusalem from Christians
Loss of Jerusalem leads to Third Crusade
THIRD CRUSADE (KING’S CRUSADE) 1188-1192
Attempt by England, France, & Germany to regain Jerusalem
Crusaders led by King of England – Richard The Lionheart
Crusaders did win some victories but unable to recapture Jerusalem
Richard & Saladin sign peace treaty – Muslims controlled city but Christians could freely visit
ADDITIONAL CRUSADES
After the Third Crusade there would be 5/6 more attempts by Christians to recapture Jerusalem – all ended in failure
“Holy Land” remained under the control of Muslims until after World War I
Increased Trade & CommerceFruits, carpets, fabrics, perfumes, spices, pepper (all goods from the Middle East) Encouragement of Learning – Greek &
Roman writings {new ideas in Medicine, Science, Literature, Art}
Cultural Diffusion – Islamic Culture Goes West
Helped Undermine Feudalism – rise of Kings Religious Hatred – Muslims/Christians