Middle Ages in Europe1

8/9/2019 Middle Ages in Europe1

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Middle Ages in Europe

Chapters 9-10


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Dark Ages The 500 years

following the fall ofRome

Trade declined,farms replacedcities and the life ofthe poor got worseand worse.

Most were notconcerned withlearning, onlysurvival mattered

Learning The Catholic Church

and the MuslimScholars preservedthe advancements ofGreece and Romeand ran the onlyschools.


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Germanic

Kingdoms

The Franks were thegreatest of thesekingdoms

They converted to

Christianity under Clovis Charles Martel

stopped the Muslimadvance into Europeat the Battle of Tours

His Grandson,Charlemagne, becameleader of the Franks andwas crowned Holy

Roman Emperor 800AD He tried to reunite theRoman Empire throughLatin learning andChristianity

Became the most powerfulChristian ruler in Europe


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Feudalism Kings let rich noblemen or

Lords control land, fief, inexchange for help duringbattleor protection. see page296

Knighthood arose inresponse to the warfare anddanger of the Middle Ages

Only the sons of noblemencould become knights

They wore armor and chainmail, used cross-bows,swords, and pikes, and rodehorses

Chivalry= code of conduct inwhich knights were expectedto be gentlemen and honorthe Church

Serfs were poor farmers, They worked the land for

themselves and their lord,

lived in tiny huts, and oftendied in battle

Lords

King

Lords

King

Vassals/

Knights

Serfs


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The Role of Women

Women had an active rolein the feudal society. took care of the manor

while their husbands wereaway at war or court.

Oversaw finances, food,home, servants, etc.

Still were expected tosubmit to their husbands.


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Manorialism A manor was anagricultural estate

run by a Lord andworked bypeasants. Peasants led a

simple life of hard

labor and meagerfood and drink butcould attendfestivals.

Over time there

were majorimprovements inagriculture that ledto a revival oftrade, cities, andindustry.


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Agricultural Improvements between

1000-1300 include: Horse Collar and

Horseshoe: easier to plowthe land and faster turnover.

Wheeled Plow: long stripsof land could be tilled atonce and farm villagesemerge

3 Field System: increase

food production and keepsoil from being exhausted

Water and Wind Power:less animal and humanpower needed and greater

production
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The Roman Catholic Church Popes were as powerful if not more than a king

The Church controlled much of the land in Europe andoften conflicted with kings over power and wealth.

Church officials like priests, monks, and nuns wereeducated and helped those in need

They provided help for the sick and the poor. Housed travelers and ran hospitals.


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Roman Catholic

Church Continued New religious orders

emerged in the 11thcentury. See pages 325-327 Cistercians,

Franciscans, andDominicans Led simple lives and

tried to reform thechurch and bring theclergy back to the

basics. Inquisition

Church court set up toroot out heresy by forcesome times usingtorture, prison, or even

death.


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Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Abraham: Journey of Faith

1.Identify the following:

a) Abraham

b) Ishmael

c) Isaac

2.Tell why Muslims believe the Holy Land is

their birth right:
http://smb//Jbfafs1/vol1/USERS/CL119/ABRAHAM.docxhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.6.htmlhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/12/01/html/ft_20011201.6.htmlhttp://smb//Jbfafs1/vol1/USERS/CL119/ABRAHAM.docx


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Islam Founded: In Mecca by

Muhammad Believed to be the last and

greatest prophet

The Quran (Koran) is the sacredbook of Islam Five Pillars:

Faith in One God, Allah, andMuhammad is his prophet

Daily Prayer, 5x, facing Mecca

Help for the poor Hajj: Visit to holy city of Mecca Fast during Holy month of

Ramadan Jihad is

An individual's striving for spiritualself-perfection

A Muslim holy war or spiritualstruggle against infidels.

Sharia, or system of law, that toldpeople how to behave in familylife, and the community.


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Spread of Islam

Disagreements over whoshould be ruler led to division

Rulers treated people fairlyand many converted to Islam.

Spread across Europe, Africa,and Asia with a unified Arabiclanguage

In the 1100s it reached India

Sikhism was a new religion thatcombined Hinduism and Islam

Two powerful empires: 1400s Ottomans in Middle East

Safavids in Persia

The Ottoman

Empire in 1566

(The Ottomans

were Turkic people

from Central Asia -

but continued to

spread Islam)

750CE from

present day

France to

India.

661

632 at

the

death

of

Muha-

mmad
http://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map1566.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map750.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map661.gifhttp://www.raqs.co.nz/me/graphics/map632.gif


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Ottoman and Safavid Empire Maps


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Golden Age of Muslim Civilization

Blending of Cultures->Strong Economy-

>Spread Islam->Trade

Influenced: Art= beautiful writing, paint people and animals

Literature=Quran, poetry, stories

Learning= Translate Greek writings, algebra,

earths circumference Architecture= mosques, spires, domes and arches

Medicine= doctor tests, hospitals, medical books


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Jerusalem Timeline


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Crusades Flow Map


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Crusades Flow Map


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Kingdom of Heaven1. Describe Balians relationship with his father.

2. Why did he go to the Holy Land?

3. Who controlled the Holy Land during the time of this movie?

4. What took place in the ceremony where Balain became aknight? Where did you see the same thing again later in themovie?

5. Describe the first major confrontation between the Christiansand Muslims outside the Castle.

6. What happened to the King of Jerusalem?

7. Who becomes the new king and queen of Jerusalem? Why

not Balian?8. What do you think about Saladin? Was he a good or bad

ruler?

9. Why did Balian stay to protect Jerusalem?

10. What was the outcome of the final war? Who then controlledthe Holy Land?

Holy Land Discussion:


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Holy Land Discussion: Listen to Baliansspeech once again. Do you agree or disagree with his

stance on the issue of the Holy Land being equally holy to

followers of all three faiths? Why or why not?

1. Those of you that disagree, why?

2. Which of the three religions controlled the Holy Land for the longestamount of time?

3. Does this fact help or hurt their claim to the land?

4. How would you feel if you were a Muslim whose ancestors hadoccupied the Holy Land up until the time of World War I and thenhad it taken away and given to the Jews in 1948?

5. How would you have responded to this act?

6. Would a violent response be justified?

7. Why do some of you that agree that the Holy Land is equally holy to

all three religions?8. Would it be possible for these three faiths to share ownership of this

land?

9. How has that worked in the past?

10. What role should the United States play, if any, in Middle East

affairs?

E i


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Later Middle Ages

Europe in

Crisis During

the Late

Middle Ages

four major

problems

swept through

Western

Europe whichwere famine

(a long period

of time with

little to nofood),

disease, war,

and death


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Triumph of Death

1. What type of feeling do you have whenyou look at this picture?

2. What message is the artist trying toconvey?

3. Which five images do you think bestillustrate Death?

4. Which five images seem most odd to

you?5. What would you change about the

painting?


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Black Death

Plague that swept throughEurope killing 38 million ofthe 75 million people inEurope alone (1/3)

Brought to Europe fromAsia through trade.

Effects include:redistribution of wealth,anti-Semitism, decline intrade, questioning thechurch.


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Black Death Activity Death: Dying with the plague Jews : blamed for the plague Survivors: lost loved ones

Make a list of the feelings that a person in your

roll would have based on their experiencesduring this terrible time. Write a poem about your experience during the

Black Death. Put yourself in their shoes. It canbe from the perspective of a child, teenager,

adult, or elderly person. Upload your poem to Ning in the form of a blogentry then read and comment on yourclassmates poems.


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Europe in Crisis

Famine Black DeathProblems with the

Church

Causes:

Hundred Years War

Causes:

Effects: Effects:

pp. 337-339pp. 337


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Upheaval in the Church

Hard times caused people toquestion the church officials andauthority.

The Catholic church became dividedbetween France and Rome, The

Great Schism John Wycliffe insisted that ordinarypeople should be able to read the bibleand translated it.

John Hus, a Czech Reformer, called

for and end to corruption of the clergyand the excessive power of thepapacy.

By the 1400s no longer the mostpowerful authority in Europe.


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Medieval

Architecture


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The Hundred Years

War1337-1453???

Long war between Englandand France.

At first the English were winningat Crecy in 1346 and again atAgincourt in 1415.

In 1429 Joan of Arc helped leadthe French to victory over theEnglish but was burned at the

stake for witchcraft in 1430. France eventually won in 1453

thanks to the cannon.

Joan of Arc


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Joan of Arc


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Joan of Arc

Right side of the room = England

Left side of the room = France From the perspective of your assigned

country answer the following questions on theback of your reading: Did Joan really hear from God or was she crazy?

Was Joan a hero or a mad woman?

Should she have been burned at the stake? Was it worth it?


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Time of Change: End of

Feudalism


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Time of Change and the

End of Feudalism in the

14th Century New Goods such as silk and

spices encouraged trade

Trade led to merchants orbusiness people

In return for money the lord gave atown a charter making thetownsfolk free

Guilds, organizations for skilledlaborers, made sure workers were

treated fairly New Middle Class develops

Towns, cities, and Trade thrive Learning became important


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Rise of Nation States Nation-states are nations that have

sovereign political and geographicterritory.

England: Resented their cruel King John and

forced him to sign the Magna Carta,which was the beginning of freedomfor the English people

England also set up a Parliament topass laws

France: Hundred Years War with England,

increased in money and power Holy Roman Empire

Struggle with Popes and had no realpower

Russia: Invaded by the Mongols, Vikings, and

Slavs, Christianized by ByzantineMissionaries
http://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/magframe.asphttp://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/magframe.asp


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Meanwhile

In Asia Mongols led by

Genghis Khancaptured theByzantine Empireand had the largestEmpire the world hasever known

Technology andAdvancements such

as: paper money,compass, gunpowder,Taj Mahal

Turks also attackedthe Byzantine Empireand captured

Constantinople

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