Chapter 9 Notes- Popes vs. Princes, Feudal Monarchs and Crusades
MIDDLE AGES D’WALL’S WORLD HISTORY. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church During feudal times,...
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Transcript of MIDDLE AGES D’WALL’S WORLD HISTORY. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church During feudal times,...
MIDDLE AGES
D’WALL’SWORLD HISTORY
Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church
During feudal times, monarchs in Europe stood at the head of society but had limited power. Nobles and the Church had as much—or more—power than the monarchs.
1
Development of England
• Angles, Saxons, and Vikings settled in England
• Feudalism developed
• English rulers kept kingdom united
• 1066 King Edward the Confessor dies– no heir
– council of nobles chose Harold
Development of England
• Duke William of Normandy– claims throne– raises army– backed by pope
• Battle of Hastings in 1066– William and knights defeat King Harold– last invasion of England
Battle of Hastings
Development of England
• Bayeux Tapestry– chronicles Norman conquest– http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk
– valuable piece of historical evidence
Development of England
• Henry II– foundations of English Common Law
• legal system based on custom and court rulings
• protects property– early jury system
– married Eleanor of Aquitaine• vast holdings in France
Bellwork
• On a half sheet of paper answer the following questions:
1. What was the Magna Carta?2. Who signed it?3. In what country was it signed?4. What two important principles did it
contain?5. How is it similar to the Constitution?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Development of England and France
• Eleanor of Aquitaine– first married to France’s King Louis VII– joined Second Crusade
• wore armor and rode horse with other Crusaders
– she ended marriage to Louis VII
– married England’s King Henry II– 8 children
• Richard (“the Lion-Hearted”)• John
– spurred several sons to overthrow Henry II– revolt failed– 15 years in prison
Richard I (Lionheart) John I
Development of England
• Magna Carta - 1215– King John is forced to sign the
Magna Carta by the nobles.– 1st document in English history
where monarch does not have complete or absolute power
• created limited monarchy
– ideas still influence systems of government in many countries around world today
Development of England
• Magna Carta - 1215– places King of England under law– statement of rights for noblemen
• protects privileges of lords• recognizes legal rights of townspeople and Church
– king agrees not to raise taxes without consulting the Great Council
– representative body of lords and clergy– in 1200s, evolves into Parliament
Successful Monarchs in France
Monarchs in France did not rule over a unified kingdom. However, under strong Capetian kings, such as Philip II and Louis IX, they slowly increased royal power.
1
Development of France
• Louis IX– most admired of his time– generous, noble, devoted to justice & chivalry– deeply religious, declared a saint– led France in 2 wars against Muslims– improved royal government
• outlawed private wars• ended serfdom• created strong national feeling (nationalism)
– established absolute monarchy
(complete authority)– St. Louis named for Louis IX
Louis IX – St. Louis
Development of France
• Philip IV– established Estates General
Development of France
• Estates General– French legislature
• includes reps from all 3 estates, or classes– clergy, nobles, townspeople
– did not develop same role at British Parliament• never gained power of purse• never served as balance to royal power
Development of France and England
• France– Absolute Monarchy
• England– Limited Monarchy