Mid-Term Mid-Term ReviewReview

Goals 1-4

Goal 1Goal 1

•The two main The two main reasons for settling reasons for settling the British colonies the British colonies were religious were religious freedom and moneyfreedom and money

The three sections of the The three sections of the American Colonies American Colonies

developed differently:developed differently:• New England’s economy focused New England’s economy focused

on shipping, trading and on shipping, trading and manufacturingmanufacturing

• Middle Colonies were know as the Middle Colonies were know as the “bread basket” because they grew “bread basket” because they grew grains, wheat and corngrains, wheat and corn

• Southern Colonies focused on cash Southern Colonies focused on cash crop (tobacco and cotton) farming crop (tobacco and cotton) farming for their economyfor their economy

• Mercantilism is the idea that a Mercantilism is the idea that a country increases its wealth country increases its wealth through trade and the through trade and the development of colonies. development of colonies. Establishing a favorable balance Establishing a favorable balance of trade where exports (goods of trade where exports (goods you sell) are greater than you sell) are greater than imports (goods you buy) imports (goods you buy) increases wealth.increases wealth.

•Triangular trade Triangular trade route connected route connected England, England, Colonies, and Colonies, and AfricaAfrica

•The middle passage The middle passage was the leg of the was the leg of the triangular trade route triangular trade route that brought slaves that brought slaves from Africa to the New from Africa to the New WorldWorld

•Maryland Act of Maryland Act of Toleration was the first Toleration was the first document to establish document to establish freedom of religion for freedom of religion for all Christians in the all Christians in the coloniescolonies

•The Mayflower The Mayflower Compact established Compact established self-rule for the self-rule for the Pilgrims in Pilgrims in Massachusetts, direct Massachusetts, direct democracydemocracy

•The Virginia House The Virginia House of Burgesses was the of Burgesses was the first representative first representative assembly in the assembly in the coloniescolonies

•The Fundamental The Fundamental Orders of Orders of Connecticut was the Connecticut was the first written colonial first written colonial constitution constitution

• The French and Indian War caused The French and Indian War caused England to raise taxes in the England to raise taxes in the colonies, which caused boycotts and colonies, which caused boycotts and riots (Boston Massacre & Boston Tea riots (Boston Massacre & Boston Tea Party), which caused the Intolerable Party), which caused the Intolerable Acts, which caused the Battles of Acts, which caused the Battles of Concord and Lexington, which were Concord and Lexington, which were the first shots of the American the first shots of the American Revolution (the shot heard round the Revolution (the shot heard round the world)world)

•The John Peter The John Peter Zenger Trial Zenger Trial established freedom established freedom of the Press in the of the Press in the coloniescolonies

• Thomas Jefferson’s Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence explained to the King why explained to the King why the colonies were breaking the colonies were breaking away. He was influence by away. He was influence by the theories of John Locke the theories of John Locke (Life, Liberty, and Property)(Life, Liberty, and Property)

•Thomas Paine Thomas Paine wrote wrote Common Common SenseSense which helped which helped unify the colonies unify the colonies to fight Englandto fight England

• The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation was the first government of the was the first government of the Colonies and had a number of Colonies and had a number of weaknesses, including: No weaknesses, including: No national judiciary (court system), national judiciary (court system), No common currency between No common currency between states, and No chief executive states, and No chief executive (President), no power to tax(President), no power to tax

•Shay’s Rebellion (MA Shay’s Rebellion (MA farmers rebelled) farmers rebelled) illustrated that the illustrated that the government under the government under the Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation was too weak for was too weak for America.America.

•The Virginia Plan The Virginia Plan wanted representation wanted representation in Congress to be in Congress to be decided by a State’s decided by a State’s Population (like the Population (like the House of House of Representatives)Representatives)

•The New Jersey Plan The New Jersey Plan wanted representation wanted representation in Congress to be in Congress to be based equally for each based equally for each state (like the Senate-state (like the Senate-2 Senators per state)2 Senators per state)

•Great Compromise Great Compromise combined the Virginia combined the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan and New Jersey Plan and created a Plan and created a bicameral (2 house) bicameral (2 house) CongressCongress

•3/5 Compromise 3/5 Compromise meant that 3 out of meant that 3 out of every 5 slaves would every 5 slaves would count toward taxation count toward taxation and representationand representation

• Federalists supported the Federalists supported the ratification (approval) of the ratification (approval) of the Constitution, Anti-Constitution, Anti-Federalists did notFederalists did not–The Bill of Rights was added The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to gain the to the Constitution to gain the support of the Anti-support of the Anti-FederalistsFederalists

•Anarchy Anarchy means there means there is no lawis no law

•Monarchy means a Monarchy means a King or Queen holds King or Queen holds most of the power most of the power and is handed down and is handed down the familythe family

•Dictatorship Dictatorship means one means one person holds person holds all of the powerall of the power

Goal 2Goal 2

•The “Preamble” of The “Preamble” of the Constitution the Constitution states the purpose states the purpose of our governmentof our government

•The four principles our The four principles our government is based on government is based on are Popular Sovereignty, are Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Separation of Powers, and Federalismand Federalism

•The Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch makes the laws, makes the laws, Executive Branch Executive Branch enforces the laws, the enforces the laws, the Judicial Branch Judicial Branch interprets the lawsinterprets the laws

• A Bill must pass in both houses of Congress A Bill must pass in both houses of Congress to become a law. It must be (1) presented, to become a law. It must be (1) presented, (2) sent to committee, (3) returned to the (2) sent to committee, (3) returned to the floor for debate and vote, and (4) sent to the floor for debate and vote, and (4) sent to the Conference Committee to iron out Conference Committee to iron out differences in the two versions (created in differences in the two versions (created in HoR and Senate) before it goes to the HoR and Senate) before it goes to the President. If the President vetoes (rejects) President. If the President vetoes (rejects) the bill it will not become a law unless it is the bill it will not become a law unless it is passed by a 2/3rds vote in both Houses to passed by a 2/3rds vote in both Houses to override the President’s veto. Most Bills die override the President’s veto. Most Bills die in the Committee stage of the process.in the Committee stage of the process.

•Judicial Review is the Judicial Review is the power of the Courts to power of the Courts to declare acts of the declare acts of the other branches of other branches of government government unconstitutional unconstitutional

•The Executive Office of The Executive Office of the President, The the President, The Cabinet, and the Cabinet, and the Executive Agencies Executive Agencies (Government Agencies) (Government Agencies) all help the President run all help the President run the countrythe country

•Expressed Powers are Expressed Powers are clearly written in the clearly written in the Constitution, while Constitution, while Implied Powers are Implied Powers are not clearly defined in not clearly defined in the Constitutionthe Constitution

• Enumerated or Delegated Enumerated or Delegated Powers are for the Federal Powers are for the Federal Gov’t, Reserved Powers are Gov’t, Reserved Powers are the powers kept by the the powers kept by the States, and Concurrent States, and Concurrent Powers are the powers that Powers are the powers that both State and Federal both State and Federal Governments exercise.Governments exercise.

• The President serves 7 roles: The President serves 7 roles: –Commander-in-Chief, Commander-in-Chief, –Chief Diplomat, Chief Diplomat, –Chief Executive, Chief Executive, –Party leader, Party leader, –Legislative Leader, Legislative Leader, –Chief of State, Chief of State, – Judicial leaderJudicial leader

•The elastic clause The elastic clause (necessary and (necessary and proper clause) proper clause) allows government allows government to expand its powerto expand its power

•Checks and balances Checks and balances occurs when one branch occurs when one branch of government can limit of government can limit what the other branches what the other branches can do can do –(ex: President vetoes a bill (ex: President vetoes a bill from Congress)from Congress)

Goal 3Goal 3

•The largest source of The largest source of revenue (money taken in) revenue (money taken in) from NC’s budget comes from NC’s budget comes from income tax, while its from income tax, while its greatest expenditure greatest expenditure (money spent) is (money spent) is education.education.

• The Governor is the chief The Governor is the chief executive of the state and has executive of the state and has the power of line item veto the power of line item veto (rejecting a portion of a bill) (rejecting a portion of a bill) while the President does not.while the President does not.• The Governor does not have The Governor does not have

diplomatic power since his diplomatic power since his power is only within the state. power is only within the state.

• The requirements for the office of The requirements for the office of Governor are US citizen for 5 Governor are US citizen for 5 years (with two of them being years (with two of them being the two years before the the two years before the election), 30 years old. The election), 30 years old. The Governor may only serve two Governor may only serve two consecutive terms, while the consecutive terms, while the President may only serve two President may only serve two terms periodterms period

•The legislative body of The legislative body of the state is called the the state is called the General Assembly, while General Assembly, while the legislative body of the legislative body of the county is called the county is called Board of Commissioners.Board of Commissioners.

• The North Carolina Supreme Court The North Carolina Supreme Court is the state’s highest court. The is the state’s highest court. The court has a chief justice and six court has a chief justice and six associate justices who are elected associate justices who are elected to 8-yr terms. Two landmark to 8-yr terms. Two landmark decisions were decisions were State v. MannState v. Mann (1829) (slaves were property) and (1829) (slaves were property) and Leandro v. North Carolina (1997)Leandro v. North Carolina (1997) (sound education for all).(sound education for all).

•Gerrymandering is Gerrymandering is when the General when the General Assembly redraws Assembly redraws voting districts voting districts favoring one party favoring one party over another.over another.

•Annexation is when a Annexation is when a city adds more land city adds more land to its boundaries to to its boundaries to expand its tax base expand its tax base and its services.and its services.

Goal 4Goal 4

The political The political spectrum spectrum

RepublicanRepublicanDemocratDemocrat

•The majority of private The majority of private funding for a candidate funding for a candidate when running for when running for election comes from election comes from Political Action Political Action Committees (PACs).Committees (PACs).

• Propaganda techniques are Propaganda techniques are glittering generalities glittering generalities (meaningless statement), (meaningless statement), bandwagon (trying to make it bandwagon (trying to make it seem that everyone is voting for seem that everyone is voting for you), stacked cards (presenting you), stacked cards (presenting only one side of an issue), name only one side of an issue), name calling (attack ads negative) just calling (attack ads negative) just plain folks (try to look like the plain folks (try to look like the average Joe).average Joe).

•A plank is a party’s A plank is a party’s stance on only one stance on only one issue, while a platform issue, while a platform is the party’s position is the party’s position on all of the issues put on all of the issues put togethertogether

• Voter qualifications for Voter qualifications for North Carolina are: 18 North Carolina are: 18 years of age, registered, years of age, registered, be of sound mind (no be of sound mind (no mental institutions), no mental institutions), no felonies, meet residency felonies, meet residency requirements.requirements.

•The purpose of a The purpose of a National Convention National Convention is for a political party is for a political party to officially name its to officially name its candidate for candidate for President.President.

•A recall election is when A recall election is when the citizens of a state are the citizens of a state are unhappy with a unhappy with a government official and government official and they vote to remove them they vote to remove them from office before the from office before the end of their termend of their term

• The difference between The difference between arbitration and mediation arbitration and mediation is that while both have is that while both have third parties who listen to third parties who listen to both sides of an argument, both sides of an argument, arbitration is when the arbitration is when the third party’s decision is third party’s decision is binding.binding.

•A plurality means that a A plurality means that a candidate received the candidate received the most votes, while a most votes, while a simple majority means simple majority means that the candidate that the candidate received one more than received one more than half of the votes.half of the votes.

•The United States has The United States has a two party system; a two party system; Democrats and Democrats and Republicans control Republicans control the political system. the political system.