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Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysSurvey Design Workshop

Using GPS to collect cluster locations

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What is GPS

• GPS is a satellite-based navigation system• A GPS unit determines its position using satellites that

orbit the earth. Each satellite’s position, as well as the current time, is transmitted via radio signals. The GPS unit receives these signals and uses them to calculate its position in terms of latitude, longitude, and altitude

• There is a variety of GPS brands and models• Recommended model for use in MICS surveys is

GARMIN ETREX GPS

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Why use GPS to collect cluster locations

• Permits linking of additional data to MICS data through geographic links– E.g. Census data, facility data, other geo-located

data

• Permits geographic grouping of data beyond region– E.g. Climactic zones, agricultural zones, etc.

• Permits mapping of sample clusters– E.g. with DevInfo

Examples of what GPS data can bring to MICS

Source: DHS studies

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Decision Process for GPS Data Collection Method

• Using pre-existing GPS data– Ex. using Geo-referenced Census– GPS coordinates can be acquired before

the survey or listing (after EA selection)

• Collection of GPS during listing– If not talk to the survey manager to discuss

possible options (strong recommendation to collect GPS data during listing activities)

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GPS Collection Process

1. The GPS collection teams collect one waypoint (location) for each assigned cluster

2. The waypoints are captured as close to the geographic center of the cluster as possible

3. Saved information are waypoint name (cluster number), latitude, longitude, and altitude to the GPS unit

4. These information should also be written down on GPS form that will serve as a paper back-up if any digital data in the GPS unit is lost or corrupted

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GPS Collection Teams

1. GPS data collection may be incorporated into different phases of survey:

• If the GPS units are used to update the sample frame, then listing teams are responsible for collecting the GPS data

• GPS data collection may also take place during interviews, in which case one person on a team may be responsible for collecting the GPS waypoints

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How to use GPS

1. Finding a “Good” Location to Collect a GPS Waypoint

2. Activate GPS

3. Identify and mark location (“waypoint”)

4. Record location on form

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1. Finding a “Good” Location to Collect a GPS Waypoint

• Find a place with a clear unobstructed view of the sky– First Choice: Geographic center of the populated

settlement area of the cluster– Second Choice: Open area near the center, or on

top of a building in the center

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2. Activate Garmin

• Turn on the Garmin. Once it has locked into enough satellites then press the Page button until you reach the MENU screen and select MARK.

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3. Assign Cluster Number

• Highlight the Waypoint ID• Enter in the Cluster Number

Coordinate

Waypoint ID

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4. Complete GPS Form

• Complete the GPS Form• Highlight OK and click Enter

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Example of Log Sheet

GEOGRAPHIC POSITIONING SYSTEM FORM

GP

GP1. Cluster number:

___ ___ ___

GP2. Area:Urban 1Rural 2

GP3. Region:Region 1 1Region 2 2Region 3 3Region 4 4

GP4. Operator name and number:

Name ___ ___

GP5. Day/Month/Year of measurement:

___ ___ / ___ ___ / ___ ___ ___ ___

Checked estimated accuracy (after “ready to navigate”)Marked WaypointRenamed Waypoint to cluster numberRecorded Waypoint’s positionSaved Waypoint

GP6. Waypoint name:

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

N/S/E/W Degrees Decimal degrees

GP7. Latitude: N S

___ ___ . ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

GP8. Longitude: E W

___ ___ ___ . ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

GP9. Altitude: Elevation (Meters)

___ ___ ___ . ___ ___ __

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Post Field GPS data checking and cleaning

• When GPS data return from field work, the GPS Data Collection Coordinator checks that the GPS data are correct

• S/he uses GPS TrackMaker1, a free geographic information system, to plot the GPS points and check for common errors

The GPS TrackMaker® program for Windows® 98SE/2000/ME/XP/Vista allows bi-directional datacommunications between GPS receivers and your computer, including full data editing and storage options

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Common errors in the GPS data

• Duplicate or Paired Points

• Missing Data

• Administrative Mismatches

• Hand-Entry Typos

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With thanks to