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Biology 12 – 0708 Page Biology 12: Midterm Review 2018 Name: Date: Blk: 1. Which of the following are found in lysosomes? A. ATP B. RNA C. enzymes D. glycogen 2. What organelle functions with the endoplasmic reticulum during protein production? A. the ribosome B. the lysosome C. the chloroplast D. the cell membrane Z Y X W 3. Where are drugs detoxified in liver cells? A. W B. X
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Biology 12 – 0708 Form A Page 1
Biology 12: Midterm Review 2018 Name: Date:
Blk:1. Which of the following are found in lysosomes?
A. ATPB. RNAC. enzymes D. glycogen
2. What organelle functions with the endoplasmic reticulum during protein production?
A. the ribosome B. the lysosomeC. the chloroplastD. the cell membrane
ZY
X
W
3. Where are drugs detoxified in liver cells?
A. WB. XC. YNOTE – Z seems to be pointing at a smooth ER which is the answer
Page 2 Biology 12 – 0708 Form A
Use the following diagram to answer question 4.
Z
Y X
W
4. Which organelle contains the information necessary to produce enzymes?
A. WB. X C. YD. Z
5. Which of the following equations illustrates a synthesis reaction?
A. acid base salt waterB. ATP ADP P energyC. protein+ water amino acidsD. glucose + glucose maltose + water
Biology 12 – 0708 Form A Page 3
6. Which of the following molecules is stored in the liver and broken down when the body needs energy?
A. starchB. maltoseC. celluloseD. glycogen
7. What type of molecule is hemoglobin?
A. a steroidB. a protein C. a nucleic acidD. a carbohydrate
Page 4 Biology 12 – 0708 Form A
8. By which of the following processes do oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the membranes of the alveoli?
A.osmosisB. diffusion C. pinocytosisD.active transport
9. What is the process by which the sodium-potassium pump moves ions across the cell membrane?
A.osmosisB. diffusionC. active transport D.facilitated transport
Use the following diagram to answer question 20.
X
W
Y
10. Which structure can act as a glucose carrier?
A.WB. XC. YD. Z
11. A 0.9% solution of sodium chloride is isotonic to red blood cells. Which of the following will result when the cells are placed in a 0.3% solution of NaCl?
A. Water will move into the cells causing lysis. B. Water will move out of the cells causing lysis.C. Water will move into the cells causing crenation.D.Water will move out of the cells causing crenation.
Z
Biology 12 – 0708 Form A Page 5
12. How do enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction?A.They denature the substrate.B. They decrease the energy of activation. C. They increase the substrate concentration.D.They donate atoms or ions to the reactants.
Time
13. What is the process shown in the diagram if X contains polypeptide molecules?
A.exocytosisB. pinocytosis C. phagocytosisD.facilitated transport
Use the following diagram to answer question 25.
Time 1 hour
Membrane
14. In an experiment, the bottom of a thistle tube is covered with a membrane permeable only to water. The thistle tube is filled with a 10% sucrose solution and placed in a beaker containing a 5% sucrose solution. What will happen to the solution in the tube after one hour?
A. The concentration of sucrose will decrease and become isotonic to the solution in the beaker. B. The concentration of sucrose will increase and become isotonic to the solution in the beaker.C. The concentration of sucrose will decrease and become hypotonic to the solution in the beaker.D.The concentration of sucrose will increase and become hypotonic to the solution in the beaker.
X
?5%10%
Page 6 Biology 12 – 0708 Form A
Use the following graph to answer question 26.
Potentialenergy Z
Progress of reaction
15. Which line indicates the change in potential energy in a reaction when no enzyme is available?
A.WB. X C. YD.Z
16. The activation energy required to initiate a metabolic reaction may be increased by the addition of
A.heat.B. a substrate.C. an enzyme.D. an inhibitor.
Use the following diagram to answer questions 28 and 29.
X
17. If X is sucrose, what are Y and Z? (NOTE – I’ve changed this question) A.nucleotidesB. amino acidsC. glucose and fructose D.fatty acid and glycerol
18. Which of the following is X?
A. a productB. a reactantC. an enzymeD. an enzyme-substrate complex
W
Y
X
Z
Y
Biology 12 – 0708 Form A Page 7
19. Where does the emulsification of fat occur?
A. the liverB. the colonC. the gall bladderD. the small intestine
Use the following diagram to answer question 31.
X
Y
20. What is a difference between the contents in this structure at X and at Y?
A.There is more bile at X than Y.B. There is less lipase at X than Y.C. There is more water at X than Y.D.There is less protein at X than Y.
21. What organ produces pepsinogen?
A.the liverB. the stomachC. the pancreasD.the duodenum
22. Which of the following correctly matches a digestive enzyme and the pH it requires to function at an optimum rate?
A.
B.
C.
Enzyme pH
bile acidic
pepsin basic
trypsin basic
nuclease acidic
Page 8 Biology 12 – 0708 Form
Z
23. Which indicated structure secretes a hormone which causes increased production of glycogen?
A. WB. XC. YD.Z – pancreas – secretes insulin causes liver to take up glucose
Written:1. Describe how secretions by the pancreas impact the pH of the materials in the small intestine.
- Sodium bicarbonate – produced and secreted by the pancreas, neutralizes the acid chyme and causes the chime to become basic (pH 8-8.5)
2. Name two structures or processes that ensure food moves through the appropriate structures of the digestive tract. Structures
- epiglottis – prevents food from entering the trachea/glottis/windpipe, - soft palate- moves up and back to close off nasopharyngeal openings - sphincters – cardiac, pyloric, ileocecal valve (not mentioned in this course) preven food
from moving from stomach to esophagus, stomach to small intestine/duodenum, and ilium to caecum/large intestine respectively.
Processes - peristalsis – rhythmical contractions of longitudinal and circular muscles that move food and indigestible materials throughout the digestive tract
3. Explain how glucose levels of blood are kept constant through coordination of the liver and the pancreas. The blood glucose levels are kept constant by the pancreatic secretions of the hormones insulin and glucagon. Both hormones are secreted by the Islets of Langerhans. When blood glucose levels are high, typically after a meal, the pancreas/Islets of Langerhans release insulin. Insulin works on all cells of the body to take up and store glucose. As well, it causes the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen and fat. During lean times between meals, the blood glucose levels are typically low. Thus the Islets of Langerhans release glucagon. This stimulates the liver to convert fats and proteins into glucose for use throughout the body.
X
W
Y
