Microsoft Power Point Flow Analysis Webinar April 2009
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Transcript of Microsoft Power Point Flow Analysis Webinar April 2009
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Flow Injection Analysis orSegmented Flow Analysis –
which method to use foryour application
William LippsMarket Specialist – Water Analyzer Products
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Why do laboratories automate?
• Automationincreasesproductivity
• Automationdecreases laborcost
• Automationincreases day today reproducibility
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When laboratories should notautomate
• it takes more time and effortthan it did before youautomated
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Analytes that can be measuredusing automated chemistry
• Alkalinity• Ammonia• Chloride• Nitrate• Nitrite• Nitrogen, Total
Kjeldahl (TKN)• Cyanide
• Phenolics• ortho-
Phosphate• Total
Phosphorus• Silica• Sulfide• Sulfate
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Laboratory costs that can bereduced by automation
Laboratory Cost
10 – 20 %OperationalSupplies
7 – 12 %Indirect Labor
20 – 28 %Direct labor
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Reagent usage is decreased byautomation
0
5
10
15
20
25
ManualMethodsFlow Methods
DiscreteMethods
Milliliters
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Waste generation is decreased byautomation
0102030405060708090
100
ManualMethodsFlow Methods
DiscreteMethods
Milliliters
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The potential profit and cost savingsis high using automated methods
$ 10, 360$100Potential Profit
$25$25Per Test Price
48010Capacity (day)
$37.5$150Labor + OH
14Labor hours
$15$15Wage
OIA 1677CATC
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The grand daddy of automation isthe continuous flow analyzer
• Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA)– 1954 by Leonard Skeggs– Technicon Autoanalyzer – introduced
1957
• Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)– About 1975 by Ruzika and others– Perstorp Tecator
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All continuous flow analyzers havecommon parts
• Autosampler• Peristaltic Pump• Chemistry Cartridge• Flow through Detector• Signal Processor
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Segmented Flow Analysis (SFA) - thefirst wet chemistry automation tool
• Established, mature technique• Multiple methods in literature and
as approved regulatory testmethods.
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Sample is pumped into a segmentedcontinuous stream of reagent
R2
Sample/Wash
AIR
Det
WasteR1
Waste
Sample + Wash Pumpedinto Tubing
Pump
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Flow Injection Analysis wasintroduced as an alternative to SFA.
• An acceptable alternative to SFAmethods.
• Multiple literary references, ATPapprovals.
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Sample is injected into a continuousstream of reagent
CARRIER
R1
WasteR2
DET
Sample
Mixing
Sample does not passthrough pump
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SFA and FIA are both continuous flowmethods
• narrow bore tubing, mixing coils,and finally a detector.
• reaction is determined by theconfiguration and placement of thetubing the sample and reagentspass through.
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Comparison between SFA and FIA
ValveInjection intoflowingstream
Peristalticpumping intoflowingstream
SampleIntroduction
0.020 – 0.034”0.034 – 0.050”Conduits
Non-Segmented
SegmentedReagent System15 minutes15 minutesStartup time
FIASFA
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Comparison between SFA and FIA
< 1%< 1%Reproducibility
rarelyAlmost alwaysSteady State
ControlledDispersion
“end over end”(inversion)
Sample mixing
30 - 120/hour30 - 120/hourSample rate
20 – 2500 ul20 – 500 ulSample VolumesFIASFA
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Comparison between SFA and FIA
15 minutes15 minutesShutdown
yesyesDialysis/Gasdiffusion
< 2 minutespreferred
Up to 20minutes or more
Incubation Times
FIASFA
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Reasons to use a continuous flowanalyzer
• Method requires it• Eliminate interferences• Decrease manual labor• Lower your MDL
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Choosing between FIA and SFA isnot personal preference
• use the best approach for theintended purpose
• methods must be adapted to suit thetechnique chosen– Redox reactions require long contact
times– Exposure to air causes extraneous
results
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There are some methods best by FIAand some best by SFA
• Some flow methods cannot be doneas well by FIA– Dialysis– Distillation
• Some flow methods cannot be doneas well by SFA– Gas diffusion– Alkalinity
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SFA has significant detection limitadvantages with dialysis methods
FIAMDL (mg/L)
SFAMDL (mg/L)
Analyte
0.10.02PO4
0.050.004NO3/NO2
0.20.01NH3
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SFA has a significant throughputadvantage in in-line distillation
FIASamples / hour
SFASamples / hour
Analyte
1733Phenol
17*30CN
* Competitor data
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Reaction rates are independent ofthe technique used
• Reaction rates are determined by thetemperature and concentration of thereagents.
• The rate of a color reaction is thesame whether by FIA or SFA.
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Matrix interferences could cause FIAresults to be biased low.
Standards inDI water
Sample matrix
FIA SFA
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When to use SFA or FIA is based onoptimum method performance
• FIA– Full color in < 2 minutes– Simplicity– Ease of Use
• SFA– More than 2 minutes for reaction– Complex matrices– Dialysis– On-line distillations / digestions
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We will help you choose the best auto-analyzer for you.
• Depends entirely upon yourapplication.
• We will determine the optimumsolution for you.
• We assume you desire to automatesome aspect of your laboratory.
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OI flow analyzers are capable of SFAand FIA on the same instrument
• User flexibility• Modular design• Increased capability• Low operating cost
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Multiple channel instruments shouldrun every channel at the same time
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SFA cartridges traditionally use glasscoils
A SFA cartridge A broken glass coil
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Plastic cartridges that do not break;both SFA and FIA
• Flow IV cartridge
• FS3100 cartridge
Pins
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Plastic cartridges are easier tointerchange than glass
• Reagentconnections – Luerlock
• Mixing coils– Nut and ferrule– Teflon or EVA
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Comparison of SFA and FIA on theOI FS3100
2 - 42 - 3Reagent(mL)
< 2%< 2%RSD30 - 12040 - 90Sample/hour
1 - 2minutes
10 minutesMax delaytime
~200 µL~200 µLVolumelooptimeSample introFIASFA
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Method comparison of SFA and FIAon the FS3100
FIAthroughput
FIAMDL
SFAthroughput
SFAMDL
Analyte
600.001450.001PO4
600.002550.0005NO3/NO2
510.002720.003NH3
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OI Flow methods enjoy a largecalibration range
FIA CalibrationRange (mg/L)
SFA CalibrationRange (mg/L)Analyte
0.01 – 5.00.01 – 2.0PO4
0.005 - 100.005 - 10NO3/NO2
0.01 - 200.01 - 25NH3
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Choosing between SFA and FIA bylaboratory requirement
Simple Chemistry Minimal Training Ability to AddModules Later
Complex andVariable Matrices
SFAFIA