Microsoft Power Point - 9. Paul Beecher Nokia

Speaker 1

Dr Paul Beecher

Senior Research Engineer

Nokia Research Centre, Cambridge

Nokia

[email protected]

Nokia Morph -Enabling Novel Conformal Devices

Through Nanotechnology

Nokia Research Laboratories

Palo Alto

Beijing

Cambridge

Helsinki & Tampere

Lausanne

Berkeley

India

Hollywood

Africa

Cambridge MA

NRC Cambridge UK

Academic/Commercial Collaboration

The Hauser Forum

Nanoscience Centre

Electrical Engineering (CAPE)

Strategic collaboration with Cambridge University since 2007

1. Academic excellence

2. World class entrepreneurial mind set and technology transfer skills

3. A highly efficient and diverse techno-pole

4. Long established tradition of innovations with global impact

Mission:

• Turn cutting edge science into human compatible solutions.

Strategy:

• Contribute to bio-, cognitive - and nanoscience communities.

• Innovate new device, application and service concepts at the interfaces of

these cutting edge research domains.

Basic principles of collaboration:

• Joint research projects in which the researchers of the University and

Nokia work concretely together in the same premise

NRC Cambridge UK Research Domains

Cognitive systems

BiotechnologiesNanotechnologies

Engaging concepts of devices & services

Engaging concepts of devices & services

BioinformaticsBioinformatics

NanocomputingNanocomputing

Cognitive devices

and systems

Cognitive devices

and systems

Self assembly and

future manufacturing

Self assembly and

future manufacturing

Affective UIAffective UI

DiagnosticsDiagnostics

EnergyEnergy BiosensorsBiosensors

How can we bring autonomous

intelligence into any physical object of the world by enabling low power computing,

sensing and communication?

Can nanotechnology enable mobile

devices, user interfaces and mobile digital services that are not possible

today?

Flexible, stretchable, thin, transparent conformal devices - enabled by nanotechnology

New Trends Are Evolving

How can we…

… fabricate and manufacture innovative mechanical structures that can be both

transparent and compliant despite containing electronic and optical functions?

… create a library of reliable and durable functional materials that enables a multitude

of functions on the device surface, e.g., robust surfaces, EM shielding, dirt/water

repellence, antenna integration, optical effects, touch sensors, haptics?

Context aware device: adapts and transforms its functionality according to the tasks

Wearable device

• Available always and everywhere

• New intuitive user interface• Flexible, compliant and even stretchable structures are

needed.

• New power source technologies

• Functional coatings

• Invitation to contribute to Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in April 2007

• Brainstorming in Cambridge in June 2007; Nokia Research Centre, Nokia Design and University of Cambridge

• First concepts to MoMA in August 2007

• MoMA exhibition in February 2008

A Short History of Morph

What form factors, functionalities and preferred interaction paradigms will make -

• Transformable

• Intelligent

• Personalised

devices an essential part of the lifestyle of 2015?

reddot best of the best award, 2008

• Input devices

• Sensors

• Cameras

• Transparency

• Embedded processors

• Displays

• Stretchable interconnects

Energy solutionsFlexible battery with higher power density and faster charging time, alternative battery chemistries,

photovoltaic and fuel cell energy sources

Functional surface materialsLibrary of surface functions:

toughness, dirt repellency, antenna integration, optical effects, EM

shielding, touch sensors, haptics

Integrated sensorsChemical and biochemical

sensors, sensor integration into structural mechanics, terahertz

Transparency and compliancyStretchable electronics, flexible displays,

ZnO and CNT networks, polymer composites with tailored mechanical and

electrical characteristics

Energy efficient computingAlternative computing and signal

processing paradigms, radio solutions, ultra fast electronics, low cost distributed

electronics

Integration and customisationPrintable electronics, reel-to-reel,

alternative substrates for electronics integration

Note: Research concepts only

Nano Projects

• Nano-enabled Energy

• Sensing Surfaces

• Stretchable Electronics

• Functional Biomaterials

• Nanoporous Hybrid Materials

• Device Architectures

• New signal processing methods/devices

• Self assembled functional materials

• Low cost electronics (Carbon Nanotube networks)

Nanostructured carbon

Enhanced Energy harvesting and storage

Four major topics

• Enhanced energy density batteries

– Nanostructured electrodes for very low equivalent series R energy sources

– New electrolyte solutions (ionic liquids) for safe and high power batteries. Deformable and bendable structures.

• Supercapacitors

– Nanoenhanced dielectrics for separator and high power capacitors

– Ultra thin flexible structures, for ultimately distributed energy storage, and integration with battery structures

• Solar cell research

– Nanowire solar cells using nanowire networks

– Silicon solar cell production for emerging markets as primary power source

• Energy harvesting from RF using wideband antennas, and using NEMS structures

– Microwatt level energy harvesting from ‘waste’energy in the air

– Charging battery from ultra low power energy sources, and power management for that

– Harvesting RF energy with nano electro mechanical methods

Metal foil charge

collectorLi foil/ LiCoO2

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/ carbon

nanohorn (CNH) layers

Separator

with Lithium

electrolyte

Metal foil charge

collector

Multi-functional Surfaces

• Flexible self-cleaning surfaces combining sensing with tactile/haptic UIs.

– Novel robust self-cleaning surfaces with oleo- and hydrophobic behaviour.

– Tactile and Haptic sensing arrays (>10 µm actuation).

– Conformal Flexural sensors

ZnO Nanowires for flexible tactile arrays

Characteristics for sensor applications

• Uniaxial piezoelectric response

• Enabler of novel touch sensor concepts

• n-type semiconductor behaviour• Candidate for photovoltaics

• Enables various low-cost applications

0 20 40 60

0

30

60

90

Cu

rrent

[nA

]

Time [s]

Run1

Control

Touch Release

Touch

Release

• Arrays of aligned zinc oxide nanowires grown

hydrothermally from zinc salt precursor on the

surface of substrates (at roughly 70 – 100 oC)

• Economical and environmentally-friendly

• Compatible with polymer substrates

Nanowire Lithography

Inkjet-printed NW network

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 4010

-12

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

Dra

in C

urr

ent

(A)

Gate Voltage (V)

Direct bridge

Percolation

network

Controllable Undercut

� Stacked NW arrays

for 3D architectures

Silicon Nanowires for Stretchable Electronics

Combining top-down

fabrication via SOI etching

using masks made of nanowires grown by a

bottom-up approach.

Blue = Si; Grey = SiO2;

Yellow = Metal (Ni)

Highly-conducting SiNW

networks via nanowire

lithography (NWL): A. Colli,

A. Fasoli, S. Pisana, Y. Fu, P. Beecher, W. I. Milne, A. C.

Ferrari, Nano Letters 8, 1358

(2008)

Target:

• Creation of stretchable devices

– Embedded active electronics in elastic structures (sensors, actuators, circuitry)

– Ordered nanoscale internal structures for controlling the elasticity

– A pixellated, integrated system to withstand extreme deformations

– Minimal strain on rigid island platforms for sensitive components

– Stretchable electronics structures to allow reconfigurable device form factors.

– Flexible electronics structures (interconnects, circuits and substrates) that

sustain >10% 2D strain.

Stretchable Electronics

Elastomer strain gauge

Smart Surface Materials

Target:Development of a library of functional surface materials

Flexible and transparent multifunctional surface:

– Novel robust self-cleaning surfaces with oleo-and hydrophobic behaviour

– Tactile sensing array

– Externally controllable colour changes

– Energy harvestingNon-wetting nanoporous PTFE; self-cleaning

devices - University of Cambridge

Patterned ZnO nanowire arrays for tactile

sensing – U of C / NRC Cambridge UK

Sensing and Computing

• Nanoscale benefits?

– Huge arrays of parallel sensor elements that can be

either independently or collectively measured

– New sensor signal processing paradigm

– New materials that can be used to improve the

sensor characteristics:

• stability, resolution, reliability, or response time.

• Our research focus:

– Nanoresonator based optical sensors

– ZnO nanowire based strain sensors

– New signal processing methods for sensors based

on nanocomputing

• Smart surfaces: huge numbers of nanosensors with

analogue information processing by nanocomputing,

feeding strongly pre-processed data (or the final result)

out

Single ZnO nanowire resonators

Microsoft Power Point - 9. Paul Beecher Nokia

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