MICROSCOPE/CELLS

I. Microscope A. Parts

1. Eyepiece – part you look through; 10x

2. Coarse Adj. – focuses; moves stage up & down

3. Fine Adj. – focuses clearly

4. arm – supports lenses

5. base – supports microscope

6. stage – supports slide

7. stage clips – holds slide in place

8. low power – 10x (x 10) = 100x

9. high power – 40x (x 10) = 400x

10. diaphragm – controls amt. entering lt.

11. light source – sends light thru slide

B. Care – use 2 hands, set scope away from edge, start on low power using only c.a. 1st & then f.a., then high power (f.a. only), keep clean, turn off light

C. Calc. Mag. – eyepiece x power

How to Use a Microscope – 1:11

II. Characteristics of Living Things

A. Cells

B. Organized

C. Use energy (cell respiration) for growth & Maintenance

D. Respond to Stimuli

E. Growth – cells enlarge & divide

F. Reproduce – asexual (1 parent 2 identical offspring) or sexual (2 parents 1 different offspring

G. Adapt – adjust to environment

III. Cells: cytology – study of cells

A. History

1. Hooke – coined the term

“cell”

2. Schleiden & Schwann – cell theory: all living things, except for viruses, are made of cells

B. Types

1. Prokaryotic – w/o distinct cell parts; ex. Bacteria

2. Eukaryotic – w/ distinct cell parts; ex. Plants & animals

C. Structures

Parts visible w/light microscope

1. Cell membrane – “semi-permeable” – lets some things in & out; B

2. Cytoplasm – cell fluid; B

3. Nucleus – control center; B

a. nuclear membrane

b. nucleoplasm

c. nucleolus – makes ribosomes

d. chromosomes – genetic material; made of DNA

4. Cell Wall – outer wall of plant; made of cellulose (fiber); P

5. Chloroplasts – site of photosynthesis; P

6. Amyloplasts – store starch (some P); Chromoplasts – store colored pigments

to help absorb energy – involved in colorful fall foliage

7. Mitochondria – “powerhouse of the cell”; site of cell respiration; B

Rxn: C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy

(stored as ATP)

8. Endoplasmic reticulum (e.r.) – “transport system”; B

9. Ribosomes – proteins

made here; B

10. Golgi body – “Go-between”; packages & transports materials; B

11. Lysosomes – digestive/”suicide sacs”; A

12. Vacuoles – storage sacs;

big in plants;B

13. Centrioles – involved

in cell division; A

Structures of Cells – 5:11

Plant vs. animal cells

Plant vs. Animal Cells – 6:05

D. Organization

1. animals:

Cells Tissues Organs Systems

2. plants:

Cells Tissues Tissue Systems Organs

THE END!!