Microprocessor Micro Controller

Microprocessor or MicrocontrollerNot just a case of “you say tomarto and I say tomayto”

M. Smith, ECEUniversity of Calgary, Canada

13 September 2006 Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada

2/ 29

Information taken from Analog Devices On-line Manuals with permission http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary/manuals/

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Analog Devices assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringement of any patent other rights of any third party which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Analog Devices. Copyright Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.


3/ 29

To be tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin

microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Various acronyms that will be used in the course


4/ 29

Microprocessor – Basic concept

CPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

ADDRESS BUS 32-bit / 64-bit wide

CONTROL BUSTiming signals, ready signals,interrupts etc

DATA BUS – bidirectional8-bit / 16-bit / 32-bit / 128-bit

Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals toInteract with outside world


5/ 29

MicroPROCESSOR – Basic conceptCPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

CONTROLADDRESS

DATA

Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals toInteract with outside world

BOOTROM

Used at startup

Instruction(program)

ROMTransducers

KeyboardScreenUART

Parallelinterface

etc

DataRAM


6/ 29

Every external device needs this amount of support “glue logic” to work

External Device Device itself with all necessary internal logic

DATA BUS

•OE – output enable

•Interrupt signals, etc

ADDRESS BUS

DECODE LOGIC

•Address strobe

•Data strobe

•Read/Write control

•CS – chip select


7/ 29

Issues with external devices

Many pins Mechanical failure rates increased Design time increased – routing issues Cost increased, board size increased

Continually redesigning same thing Compatibility between parts Upgrade part Many similar options between different projects

In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility”


8/ 29

MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept

CPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

CONTROLADDRESS

DATA

Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount is often “enough” for many applications

BOOTROM

Used at startup

Instruction(program)

ROMTransducers

UARTParallelinterface

Etc

DataRAM


9/ 29

Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR Pin count down Design time down, Board layout size down Upgrade path easier – matching between

peripherals for speed Cost down – bulk purchases Reliability up Common software / hardware design

environment available from manufacturer


10/ 29

Issues when using microcontroller Two types of memory – speed issues when using

On-chip – fast, easy to access, “almost like a register”, limited amount of on-chip memory available

Off-chip – slower Use on-chip memory in a “cache” mode (copy off-chip data to on-

chip when processing data, then copy back) External components still there

E.g. Video CODECs – need to use DMA – Direct Memory Access – so that the controller can get on with the “processing” and let something else worry about moving data in and out of the chip

Real time environment Event driven – can’t WAIT for a device to become ready, can’t

POLL to see if device is ready, interrupt handling is key All these resources are “power hungry” and compete for

resources (data busses etc) – special features


11/ 29

Components of the Blackfin BoardFrom smallest to largest Processor Core

One core on Blackfin ADSP-BF533 Two cores on Blackfin ADSP-BF561

Processor itself Blackfin Evaluation board

Don’t forget the software development package VisualDSP++


12/ 29

Blackfin ADSP-BF533


13/ 29

Enter some key discussed elements from previous slide You need to do a “load” and “store” at the same time

– what registers will need to be used? Why can you do 2 loads at the same time, a load

and store at the same time, but not two stores? Why would you want 8-bit ALUs operations

available on a processor with 32-bit registers? Give an example of an instruction where four 8-bit

ALU operations occur at the same time Give an example of an instruction where two 16-bit

ALU operations occur at the same time


14/ 29


15/ 29

Enter the key elements from previous slide Will you learn to “flash” memory in this class,

and how would you do it and why? What does a watch-dog timer do – and “how

do you find out how to feed it?” What does the acronym MMU stand for? What does the acronym SPI stand for, and in

what labs will we be using the SPI? When is the PPI used? What’s a real time clock?


16/ 29


17/ 29

Lab. 1 – demonstration of microcontroller capability Use the microcontroller

Configure the FLASH memory Contains memory and also I/O components (input /

output) Use the FLASH memory I/O capability to control

the LED Configure the PF I/O lines (Programmable flags)

Used to control many of the external devices (chip select and timing lines)

Used as input (Lab. 2) and / or interrupt lines (Lab. 3)


18/ 29

Need to learn how to “configure” the flash memory so thatWe can control the LEDs

Parallel interfaces present on the FLASH memory chips


19/ 29

Push-button switches (PF lines)LED (controlled by FLASH memory logic)


20/ 29

Need to configure the PF lines (Programmable Flags)

Replace one button input with the input of a temperature transducer

TMP03 will be used in Laboratory 2


21/ 29

Control of the PF lines – how / why?


22/ 29

PF lines being used already to control other devices – “We are not alone!!” When we change the

PF registers, we must ONLY change those over which we have control

PF8, PF9, PF10, PF11

Must learn the instructions to safely change some register bits and not others (AND and OR instructions)


23/ 29

Enter the key elements from previous slide Which A/D is used on the Blackfin board? Why are the signals that control the LED’s

coming from the FLASH? What does SPORT1 means, and what

external device is being controlled by it? How does the SPORT device allow “time

sharing” of the bus by several different external devices?


24/ 29

Audio-Video Interaction of ADSP-BF533 Ez-Kit Lite with the outside world


25/ 29


26/ 29

Review quiz

CPU stands for

CCU stands for

ALU stands for

DMA stands for


27/ 29

Review Quiz

How come the FLASH memory can be used to control the LEDs?

Why can’t we use PF0 line in Lab. 2 to read temperature transducer signals?

Why will AND and OR operations be necessary when we control the PF lines?

What does PF stand for?


28/ 29

Tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin

microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Various acronyms that will be used in the course

Microprocessor Micro Controller

Documents

Transcript of Microprocessor Micro Controller