Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313
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Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313 Introduction to Microprocessors II http://www.e-cpe.org/moodle
description
Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313. Introduction to Microprocessors II. http://www.e-cpe.org/moodle. What is this?. Liquid Nitrogen. Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion. 3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz. 2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU. The Winner. What Makes a CPU Hot?. Clock Frequency - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Microprocessor and Interfacing 261313
Microprocessor and Interfacing
261313
Introduction to Microprocessors II
http://www.e-cpe.org/moodle
What is this?What is this?
Liquid NitrogenLiquid Nitrogen
Gigabyte 2009 Overclock Champion
3.3 GHz --> 5.3 GHz
2010 – When Overclocking goes beyond the CPU
The Winner
What Makes a CPU Hot?
Clock Frequency
Transistor Size
How does a CPU’s transistor look like ?
Regular Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
A Single Transistor
Pentium Hack
Done by former Motorola Engineers (makers of chips for MACs back in the day)
Processor Fabrication Technology
1997 2008 2011
Pentium 2 – Slot Footprint
Moore’s Law (1965)Moore’s Law (1965)
“T he number of
transistors o n a
chip will dou ble
about every two years.”
“T he number of
transistors o n a
chip will dou ble
about every two years.”
Moore’s Law True for 40 Years
The Next 20 YearsTransistor Count (Billion)
Year
Why more transistors?
Pentium Core i7
Transistor Usage
Larger Cache Core i7 has up to 12Mb L3 Cache (6 Core CPUs)
More Cores Core i7 has up to 6 CPU cores Other core types, such as GPUs
More Complex CPU Features Extended SIMD Instruction Set (MMX, SSE, etc) Advanced Optimizations (Branch Prediction,
OoOE, etc)
System Performance is More than CPU Speed
1. All CPUs are NOT Created Equal Pipeline Example: 10 Stages vs 20 Stages
10 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction
20 Clock Cycle per 1 instruction
2. The overall speed of a system is determined by the slowest component
How does the program data flow?
Printf(“Hello World”);
Hello.exe
Execution Data flow
Hello.exe
Chipset
RAM
HDD
CPU
GPU(Display)
6.4 GB/s
8.5 GB/s
What is a Bottleneck?
25.6 GB/s
Hello.exe
Chipset
RAM
HDD
CPU
GPU(Discrete)
GPU(Integrated)
Component Speeds
RAM DDR2 - 4.2 GB/s DDR3 – 8.4 GB/s
Hard Drive SATA1.5 – 150 MB/s SATA3 – 300 MB/s
Conclusions: วิ�ธี�ต่�างๆ ในการเพิ่��มประสิ�ทธี�ภาพิ่ของ CPU
เพิ่��มควิามเร�วิสิ�ญญาณนาฬิ�กา ต่ องระวิ�งควิามร อน ยิ่��งผลิ�ต่ขนาด CPU เลิ�กก�จะยิ่��งก�นไฟน อยิ่
เพิ่��มจ(านวิน transistor เพิ่)�อใสิ�ควิามาสิามารถใหม�ๆ ลิดคอขวิดในระบบโดยิ่การเพิ่��มควิามเร�วิสิ�วินประกอบ
ต่�างๆ ให ไม�ท�.งห�าง CPU จนเก�นไป ใช้ Cache แลิะเทคน�คอ)�นๆ เพิ่)�อลิดการใช้ งาน สิ�วิน
ประกอบท��ช้ า
