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1 ' w * V ; h i s t o , R Y I ? JUN 199SPJJ PHASE n . 30 JUN 1999 feV .8¾ j w q W t Y - 31 DECEMBER 1952

ÂFSODTH-IH COPY NO. 2

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M Afo -—aasare-sßps ECRET

Classified COSMIC TOP SECRET By Authority Of C OMAIRjS OUTH

By A7*V _ Date 2 March 1953

H E A D Q U A R T E R S f D . -A L L I E D A I R F O R C E S S O U T H E R N E U R

H I S T O R Y

P H A S E I I I

1 J U L Y - 31 D E C E M B E R 1 ? 5 2

AX. ALTERNATE

RAF CACO

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MAlo SzcftST

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LIST OF CHARTS Charti No. Following Page

1 Organizational Chart — MiFSE 1 2 RHAP and TAF Forces Assigned AAFSE 3 *3 Organizational Chart Hq 56th TAF 6 4 Organisational Chart Hq AAFSE 13 5 Roster of Personnel CCttAIRSOUTH ADVON 1? 6 Status of Personnel Hq AAFSE, by Nation 17 7A Hq AAFSE ~ Strength 1 July - 31 December 52 l8 7B AAFSE — Support Units - Strength l8

1 July - 31 December 52 8 Hq AAFSE — Civilian Personnel Strength l8

1 July - 31 December 52 9 56th TAP — Personnel Strength Report 19

1 July - 31 December 52 10 Air/Ground Training 25 IlA AAFSE Assigned IAF Organizations — 27

Average Number Hours Flown per Pilot Assigned IlB A/iFSE Assigned IAP Organizations — 27

Utilization of Aircraft 12A Plying Training — 56th TAF 30 12B Flying Training — 56th TAP 30 13 Schedule of Exercises — ANCIENT WALL 32 14 Schedule of Air Force Activities — 33

ANCIENT WALL 15 Build-up of 56th TAF during ANCIMT WALL 33 16 Approved 4th Slice Infrastructure Program — 51

AAPSE 17 Layout of Mobile Communications Center 57 18 COMAIRSOUTH HP Radio Circuits 57

*19 56th TAP — Radio Net 59 *20 56th TAF — TWZ Net 59 21 Wire Net — AAFSE 59 * Included in Copies Nos. 1 and 2 only D

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LIST OF MAPS

Italy — Approved 3d Slice Infrastructure (less Communications)

Greece — Approved 4th Slice Infrastructure (less Communications)

Italy — Approved 4th Slice Infrastructure (less Communications)

Turkey — Approved 4th Slice Infrastructure (less Communications)

Europe and Near East

All Maps in back pocket.

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LIST OP PHOTOGRAPHS (Photographs Included in Copies 1 and 2 Only)

NUMBER PRECEIES PAGE NO,

1. Lt General David M. Schlatters USAF, Commander, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe. Foreword

4

2. From left to righti Air Marshal E, P. Kelaides, C/S, RHAF; General Aldo Urbanil C/S, IAPj Major General David M. Schlatter, COMAIRSOUTH; and General Muzatter Goksenin, C in C, Turkish AP. 4 August 1952. 2

3. Generale DA Sergio Lalatta, IAF, Doputy Commander, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe. 4 '

4« Gonoralo DA Rainiori Cupini, IAF> Commander, 56th Tactical Air Force. 6

5. Third Air Defense Conference — Hq AAPSE — 19-21 November 1952. a. Capt de Fregate Delort (FN)j Col H. S. Judy

{USAF) Chairman; Sqdn Ldr. Stanley Brown, RAFj Secretary (all HAAPSE). •9

b. A group of representatives from CCMNAVSOUTH, US Sixth Fleet, CINCSOUTH and RAF, Malta.

6. Brigadier General Edward W. Suarez, USAPr Chief of Staff, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe. 15

7» Air Force officers from the Six Southern European NATO nations, on COMAIRSOUTH's Staffi from left to rights Sqdn Ldr S. H. Brown (RAF'), Maj Selcuk Okyay (TAF), Wg Cdr. D. P. Theodossiades (RHAF), Lt Col D. Panali (IAP), Lt Col W. A. Buttera (USAF) and Adj Ch Pentori (FAP). 17

8. Joint Operations Conter — Hq 56th TAP, Vicenza Air Field — during ANCIENT WALL Exercisea. 32

9. Admiral Carnoy, USNf CINCSOUTH, Lt Gen Schlatter, USAP, CCMjIIRSOUTH, and Gen Frattini, EIt Chief of tho Italian Defense Staff, during ANCIENT WALL Exercise. 33

10. Preliminary Logistics — Training Conference — 5 August 1952, at HAAFSE. From left to right: Col R. E. Fisher, USAF, JUSMAAG (Greece); General Schlatters USAF; Brig Gen E. H. Alexander, USAP, TUSFAG (Turkey),* and Col W. A. Robertson, MAAG (Italy). 45

11. General Wyman, Commander Allied Land Forces Southeastern Europe, and General D. M. Schlatter, CGttAIRSOtfTH. 63

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TABLE OP CONTENTS

Chapter Page I MISSION AND ORGANISATION 1

Force Capabilitiea and Hequirements 3 151st TAC Group (USAF) 4 -406 F/B Wing (USAF) 4 ' US Marine Squadron 5 34th Communications Squadron 5 56th TAF 6

Fifth ATAC 7 Air Defense 7 Third Air Defense Conference 8 Air Defense Information Center 8-

Air Transport 9 Meteorology 11 Organizational Changes — HAAFSE 13 Move of HAAFSE to Naples Area 13

II PERSONNEL 15 ADVON and Nucleus ATAC 15 Hq AAFSE 17 CiTilian Personnel 18

56th TAF 19 Greek and Turkish AF Units 20 7233d Hq Support Sqdn (USAF) 20 Flight "D", 7470th Hq Support Sqdn (USAF)- 22 IAF Support Squadron 22 Frenoh, Greek» Turkish and UK Personnel 23

III TRAINING AND EXERCISES 25 Air/Ground Warfare 25 Jet Transition 27 Gunnery and Bombing Training 28 Training Standards 29 Fighter/Bomber Affiliation Flights 29 Flying Proficiency 30 Flying Safety — Italy 30 Ebtercises 31 ANCIENT WALL 31 DRAGO 35 LONG STEP 35

IV PROJECTS 38 Emergency Defense Plan 39 Organization of EDP 1-53 40 Annexes to EDP 1-53 40 Annex 2 40 Search and Rescue 4 0 — " Air Reconnaissance 41

AAFSE Minimum Force Requirements 41 AAFSE Program " 42 Intelligence 42 Targets 43 Technical Intelligence 44

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

Cbeptar Logistics

Logistics and Training Conference Infrastructure Third Slice Infrastructure

Communications, 3d Slice Fourth Slice Infrastructure

Communications, 4th Slice Logistics Plans Survey of Heavy Maintenance Emergency Transportation Plan Medical Planning Air Munitions

Communications MoMlc Communications Center Command Badio Not Electronic Countormeasiircs Air/Ground Communications 56th TiiF Telephone — ILUiFSE Teletype — HAAFSE

Bud get Financial Support for the A D V O H

H A J 1 1 F S E Budget Command Reporting

CHRONOLOGY BIBLIOGRAPHY ROSTER OF KEY AAFSE PERSONNEL 4 August I95I - 31 December 1952

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M A T o s e t t e r

C ET

HEADQUARTERS ALLIED AIR FORCES SOUTHERN EUROPE

Office of the Coramander

1 March 1953

FOREWORD

This volume of the History for Allied Air Forces Southern Europe, covering the period 1 July through 31 December 1952, marks the formal designation of COMAIRSOUTH as overall Air Commander for the Southern European Area and the assignment of Greek and Turkish Air Force elements to Allied Air Forces Southern Europe.

During this period, major emphasis has been placed on the revision of existing plans, the formulation of new plans, and the examination of the operational, organizational, logistical and budgetary implications of this expansion of the Command,

These six months have also witnessed the development of the Command in other areas, particularly with regard to Air Defense, Air Transport, Logistics, Training, and Communications. Progress has been made in plans leading to an increase in forces available, on an interim basis.

Assigned and National Forces have cooperated in three major exercises testing effectively the joint Air/Ground doctrine, Air Defense • and Communications facilities and procedures, and coordination between elements of different forces and different nationalities.

Liaison has been established with the British Middle East Air Forces, and the coming year should see considerable development in this area. The liaison which was established earlier with MAAG, Italy, has been developed and similar liaison with the US Military Assistance Groups and missions in Greece and Turkey has been established. This has proved of particular value in the fields of logistics and training.

DAVID M. SCHLATTER Lieutenant General, United States Air Force

Commander

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CHAPTE NATO SECRET MISSION AND ORGANIZATION

On 16 July 1952, General Matthew B. Ridgway, SACEURt announced the modification in the Command structure of Allied Air Forces Southern Europe resulting from the assignment of Greek and Turkish military forces to NATO. These modifications provided for the establishment of Allied Land Forces Southorn Europe and also for tho organization of an associated Allied Tactical Air Command Headquarters, the latter under the command of CCMAIRSOUTH as overall Commander of Allied Air Forces Southern Europe. 1 / (Chart No. l)

Pending the formal organization of this ATAC and the designation of a Commander, CCMAIRSOUTH, with the concurrence of CINCSOUTH, estab-lished the HAAFSE Advanced Echelon (ADVON) along side CCMLANDSOUTHEASTtS Headquarters at Izmir, TurkGy, on 6 September 1952«

Ey its Terms of Reference, the primary mission of the ADVON was to accomplish the preliminary ground work for tho establishment of the Nucleus ATAC and to prepare plans for tho organization, composition, and support of the ultimate ATAC. 2 / While the ADVON has served this immediate prupose it can be considered only as an interim solution. The present concept of this organization is necessarily geared to a very limited staff capability and can not meet CCMAIRSOUTH•s operational and planning requirements for the areas of Greece and Turkey. COMAIR-SOUTH has therefore urged the early organization of the Nucleus ATAC and the designation of a Commander. 3 /

y J SHAPE Press Release Number 61, 16 July 1952, UNCLASSIFIED 2 / Terms of Reference of the Headquarters AAFSE Advanced Echelon

for the Allied Tactical Air Force in the Greco-Turkish Area, dated 27 August 1952, NATO RESTRICTED ^ J

3 J Letter, COMAIRSOUTH to CINCSOUTH, Subjects "Establishment of Nucleus Allied Tactical Air Force for Greece and Turkey", AAFSE /1100, 16 September 1952, NATO SECRET > >

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NATO SECRET COMAl'KSÛUTH

Organisational Chart CHART NO, 1

COMAlRSOUTH

5 t h ATAC

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6th ATAC

X 5th

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: 10 2nd! FB Gpcj

103d j FE Gpo

56th TAJl (IAF) I

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i I 155thl HBI Gpoj

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, 28th TAF i (RHAF) —I

i 51st ; Stormo V-

20th ; 'I FB Cpd

21st ' •i FB Gpo|

S ! 335ttj " P Sq j

i 336th,* i LB Sqj

337thJ FB Scj

r llth FB Gp

Ist TAF i (TAF) j

66th ; ! FB Gp ;

I Illth1 1 LB Sq! -1 J

^ ! 112thi j"1, Lb Sqj

j [Tilth! ' jRccon Sq

j I l'lstj !" j FB Sqj

162nd; FB Sq 1

I 163d ! • j FB Sqj

H ) lplst FE Sq

3rd TAP

9 9 t h FB Gp j

! ! 192nd FB Sq j t

193rd! FB Sqi

(TAF)

44th FB Gp

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. | i 4 i s t ; j FB Sqj

142nd FB Sq

88th : FB Gp i

}l8lst J 1 FB Scj L

182nd FB Scj

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From left to right: Air Marshal E. P. Kelaides, C/S, RHAF; General Aldo Urhanis C/S, IAF; Major General David M. Schlatter, COMAIRSOUTH; and General Muzatter Goksenin, C in C, Turkish AF. 4 August 1952.'

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N A I Q SECRET m s M i r r r u F - S E C H E T ^ ^

Subsequent to SACEUE's announcement of command arrangements a conference was held at HAAPSEr at CCMAIRSOUTH'3 invitation? on 4 Aug-ust 1952» attended' by the Chief of Staff RHAF, Air Marshal Kelaides; the Chief of Staff IAF, General Urbani? the Chief of Staff Turkish Air Force, General Gokesenin; Commanding General of the 28th TAC (RHAF), Air Vice Marshal Koutsoukosj the Commander 56th TAP (IAF), Generale DA Cupini; the Chief of TUSPAO (Turkey), Brigadier General Alexander, USAF; Chief of JUSMAG (Greece), Colonel Fisher, USAF; the Chief of the Air Section MAAG (Italy)f Colonel Robertson, USAF; and members of their various staffs. At this conferenco CCMAIRSOUTH outlined the Command structure and organization of AAPSE and defined his missions and taäks. Operational concepts and procedures were explained, "basic logistic and communications plans and problems were discussed and training objectives and programs presented. This meeting, which furnished a unique occasion for the Chiefs.of National Air Forces concerned to confer on matters of mutual interest, marked tho first anniversary of the establishment of HAAFSE, It presented concrete evidence of the development of the NATO Air Command structure and the coopération of the Southern European nations within NATO.

A further consequence of the inclusion of Greece and Turkey in NATO has been the development of coordination in planning between Allied Forces Southern Europe and the British Middle East Forces, as agreed by CINCSOUTH and Commander-in-Chief, Middle East Forces, at the "DIAMOND" Conference at Malta on 20 and 21 Octobor 1952. This coordination is designed to develop plans and to provide for mutual support between Land and Air Forces in adjacent areas of operations, particularly in Northern Iraq and Southeast Turkey. As a result of this conference, CINCSOUTH instructed CCMAIRSOUTH to work directly with Air Chief Marshal Santera, Commander-in-Chief 'Middle East Air Force (CINCMEAP) i n the resolu-tion of air problems of mutual interest to both Command areas. 4 / Subsequently, on 23 Novombor 1952, COMAIRSOUTH and CINCMEAF conferred at HAAPSE on the arrangements required to establish liaison and effect coordination in accordance with the agreements reached at the conference.

4 / MIL/3040/10/ME, Minutes of the Meetings Held at Malta, 20-21 Octo-ber I952, 22 October 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

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On 16 December 1952» SACEUR announced the establishment of the Allied Mediterranean Command. The implications of this reorganization in the Southern Areaf insofar äs concerns AAPSE are under preliminary study. FORCE CAPABILITIES AND REQUIREMENTS

After joining NATO, Greece and Turkey allocated Air Forces to .SACEUR. SACEUR assigned these forces to CINCSOUTH and, on 2 October 1952, CINCSOUTH reassigned these forces to COMAIRSOt/PH. Pending the firm establishment of the ATAC, these Air Forces come directly under COMAIRSOUTH for "operational command as required for the accomplishment of the mission". In peacetime this mission will specifically involve planning and preparation for emergencies and training, aa specified by SHAPE and amplified by CINCSOUTH and COMAIRSOUTH. The mission, normal employment, administration, and routine training of these units continues as heretofore, under current national command arrangements. 6_J (Chart No. 2)

Although COMAIRSOUTH1 s area of responsibility has been expanded 7_ /, and elements of Greek and Turkish Air Forces have been allocated to his Command, this has not meant a net increase in overall force capability when viewed in the light of the increase in the area of responsibility and the size of the enemy threat. The forces available continue to be heavily outnumbered and are of insuffieient size to discharge this enlarged responsibility. This is particularly serious in the light of the increasing gap between the enemy and friendly forces and the indicated limited national air capabilities to close the gap.

Recognizing the critical need to increase his force capabilities, COMAIRSOUTH, in May 1952, u^ged the early deployment of US Combat and Support Units into Italy. 8 /

5^38/3» Military Committee Report, 10 December 1952, (Pinal) COSMIC TOP SECRET '> 0

6J TWXsES-72872, ES-72873, CINCSOUTH to COMAIRSOUTH, 2 October 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

7 / SHAPE Strategic Directive Number Two, 29 November 1952 § J TWX AAFSE, AAPP 5-661-E, 19 May I952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

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NATO RESTRICTED CHART NO. 2

RHAP AIR FORCES ASSIGNED AAFSE

UNIT

Headquarters 28th TAF 335th F/B Squadron 336th L/B Squadron 337th F/B Squadron

LOCATION

Larissa Sedes Larissa Larissa

AIRCRAFT

Spitfire XVI Helldiver F - 84 G

35"5th T C Squadron Elevsis 356th T C Squadron * 338th Tac Rec Squadron *

* Earmarked for + 3

C - 47 C - 47 Spitfire XVI

TURKISH AIR FORCES ASSIGNED AAFSE

Headquarters Ist TAF Ilth F/B Group 66th F/B Group 99th F/B Group

Eskisehir Eskisehir Bandirma Balikeshir

B-26 - Mosquito F - 47 F - 84

Headquarters 3d TAF 44th F/B Group 88th F/B Group

Diyarbekir Merzifon Diyarbekir

Spitfire IX F - 47

NATO RESTRICTED

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Generale DA Sergio Laiatta, IAF, Boputy Commander, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe.

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151st Tactical Air Control Group (USAF) r A USAP Tactical Air Control Group waslrequested, to provide for

an operating tactical control, warning and reporting system in the Po Valley, which is required to support Allied Land and Air unite in that , area.j Following a series of concurring messages from CINCSOUTH, SACEUR, and CINCUSAFE 9 J the I USAF indicated that the 151st TAC Control Group, less one ACàW Squadron, would he made available, on an interim basis, for deployment to Northern Italy in May 1953* This unit would partial-ly fulfill a critical operating need until an Italian Air Force Tactical Control Group, to be equipped through MDAP, is trained and operational, and can assume this responsibility. Current Italian radar coverage in Northern Italy is inadequate Eind until such time as a tactical air control capability exists, overall effectiveness of CCHAIRSOUTHts forces will be seriously deficient.! Further action on the deployment of the 151st TAC Control Group awaits the formal agreement of the Italian' MOD, the Standing Group, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

406th Fighter/Bomber Wing (USAF) Pending the availability of USAF units programmed for Italy,

information was received from CINCAAFCE'that the 406th Fighter/Bomber Wing (USAF) can be re-deployed temporarily to Northern Italy. This , move would be effected under a program of temporary rotational déploy-aient of units from area to area in Europe with the objective of in-creasing the flexibility of forces and thus improving the overall effectiveness of the numorioally inferior Air Forces of the NATO powers. This deployment would not only serve to strengthen COMAIR-SOUTH's meager forces, but would provide a valuable exercise in mo-bility. 10/ CINCSOUTH has requested the Italian authorities to approve this move. 11/ Further action awaits clearance by the Italian Government. *

2 J TWX CINCSOUTH, ES 71432, 5 June 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRETs TWC SHAPE, SH-23697, 11 June 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET and SH-26902, 30 December 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

10/ TWX CINCAAFCE, EWL-21374, 23 August 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET 11/ Letter, Admiral Carney to Minister of Defense Pacciardi, 14

October 1952, HAFSE File No. 952/52, COSMIC TOP SECRET

NATO" SECRET ULUdil IuP OCGnDT

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O tj'jJO^Jgr* -

US Marine Squadrons fc 1 «V 1 1 1 In September CINCSOUTH, COM|Iipfö% Imayfener^

of Staff for the IAF, agreed to the assignment of Montichiari as a USAP base in Northern Italy. Further agreement was also reached regarding the ̂ temporary deployment on that base of two US Marine Corps Squadrons pending the arrival of the USAF Wing programmed for Northern Italy in 1955. 12/ This agreement was concurred in by USAFE 13/ and by SACEUR. Negotiations to authorize the entry of these units into Italy have been initiated by CINCSOUTH with the Italian authorities.

These Marine Squadrons actually represent an augmentation of the US Sixth Fleet and are not to be considered as filling any of COMAIR-SOUTH's force requirements. In view of the extreme deficiency of tactical air forces in Northern Italy, their temporary deployment serves the dual purpose of supplementing COMAIRSOUTH* s tactical air strength in the interim pending the scheduled build-up of assigned forces, and of furnishing essential instruction in, and demonstration of, close air support techniques. In the event of war CINCSOUTH would employ these squadrons as fleet- units, subject to the orders of CQMNAV-SOUTH as required by the existing situation. 14/

Present planning contemplates the subsequent re-deployment of these squadrons to bases in Greece or Turkey when their training mission in Italy has been completed and/or Montichiari is .required for the use of the USAP unit for which it is scheduled,

34th Communications Squadron (USAP) The re-deployment of the 34th Communications Squadron (USAF) to

Italy was approved by the Italian Ministry of Defense in July 1952. 15/ This unit, which will provide communications support to Headquarters AAFSE, is now scheduled to arrive in mid-April 1953, and will be station-ed in the Naples Area in anticipation of the approaching move of the Headquarters to Bagnoli.

12/ TlVX AAFSE AALO 9-I469-E, 8 September I952, NATO TOP SECRET 1 y TWX USAFE EOOTC 3769, 1 October 1952, NATO TOP SECRET 14/ TWX CINCSOUTH ES-73648, 24 November I952, COSMIC TOP SECRET and

TWX SACEUR SH-27270, 24 January 1953, COSMIC TOP SECRET 15/ TWX CINCSOUTH ES-71745, 7 July 1952, NATO SECRET

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I ^ M I M , 1 1 ^ N A T O W R ILSKUlffBr * V %JL i s K r

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Gonorale BA. Eainiori Cupini, IAFr Commander, 56th Tactical Air Force.

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'UDoMIO TOI1 CJDOHLffiL.

^6th Tactical Air Force Tho 56th TAF (Italy) .rents to

COKAIRSOUTH as of 31 Docomher 1952. This command is a national command assigned to tho Italian Air Force, in time of poaco. In timo of war it is assigned to AAFSE. The wartime mission of the 56th TAF is to conduct the tactical air tattle in Northern Italy under CCMAIRSOUTH, to obtain air superiority, inflict maximum damage- to enemy forcos and to furnish close air support to ground forcos in the area of responsibility.

Headquarters, 56th TAF is charged with the operational control, training, and discipline of its assigned units, and is responsible for the planning, coordination and implementation of technical and logistic-al activities for the immediate operational support of the units them-selves, both in peace and in war* l6 / (Chart No. 3)

Tho 56th TAF receives logistical, technical and admin^strativo support from the Italian Territorial Air Command (ZAT) within whose zone it is locatcd. This situation has Iod to some confusion and over-lapping of functions, and tho definition of the relationship between the two commands is under study by the IAF at this time. Lack of clari-fication in this area has tended to hinder the organizational develop-ment of the TAF.

Initially composed of the 5th Fighter-Bomber Stormo with three squadrons, the 513"t Fighter-Bombor Stormo with two squadrons, the 56th TAF was augmented on 1 July by the 6th Intorceptor Day Fighter Stormo, with two squadrons» This latter Stormo is based at Ghedi* 17 / Ear-marked forcos consist of two Intorooptor Fighter Wings each with two operational squadrons and one Tactical Roconnaissance Wing of two squadrons. Other forcos, oarmarkod but not yet activated, consist of three Interceptor-Day Fightor Wings, two AlI-Weather Fightor Wings, and one Tactical Reconnaissance Wing.

16/ Foglio Number 428/211, 31M (Italy), 14 July 1952 IJ/ Disposition Order 4965/131, SMAM (Italy) 5 July 1952

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—COCMIO Tor QBOIUST

NATO SECRET

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FIFTH ALLIED TACTICAL AIR CCMtiAMP CCMAIRSOUTH has urgod the organization of the Fifth ATAC in the '

Po Valley Area -to provide him with skeleton comnand and communications structures with which to exerciso operational control and direction on, a day-to-day basis over the diverge national forces which are scheduled for thia aroa. This ATAC would bo able to deal at the tactical level -ATAC/Army Group - with CQtiLAMDSOUTH and also with adjacent NATO an'd National Corranandsf as delegated by COMAIRSOUTH, on joint matters per-taining to planning, maneuvers, exercises and operations. The organization, functions and responsibilities for the Fifth ATAC wore forwarded to CINCSOUTH for his consideration on 22 December 1952. 18/

AIR DEFENSE In implementing his primary mission of providing for tho air

defense of the Southern European Area 19/, CQMAIRSOUTH is responsible! To develop an agreed plan and to assist each of the major national forces by working out agreed operational arrangements and communications.

-To establish Standard Operating Procedures ant* to render full assistance in the planning of air defense exorcises.

- To take the lead in studies leading to the establishment of an Air Defense Information Center capable of receiving and rapidly forwarding all information on the state of the air defense battles or raids. 20/

In discharging the first of those responsibilities, the original concept of aircfefonse, whoroin COMAIRSOUTH's rolo was limited to coordination, has been reviewed during the past six months in tho light of a roalistic appraisal of tho forces available, both for air defense and for the tactical support of NATO Land Forces, in order to permit tho' maximum exploitation of the flexibility of the Air arm.

18/ AAFSE 169/52, Proposed Organization Fifth Allied Tactical Air -Command, 22 December 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

lg/ Letter, G/A Eisenhower to M/Gen Schlatter, 19 June 1951 20/ Minutes of Air Defonso Conforenco, held at Italian War College,

Firenzc, Italy, 19 - 20 - 21 May 1952, AAFSE Sub-Beg No. C-244

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NATO SEGRET COSMIC TOP SEgnBT

Confcronces were held in Home on 28 November and on 1 Decembor 1952, between CINCSOUTH; CCMAIRSOUTH; Minister Paociardi (MOD) j General Marrasf Chief of Staff, Italian General Staff; and General Urbani, Chief of Staff, Italian Air Staff, regarding Air Defense responsibilities and requirements in Italy, at which NATO and National Command relationships were clarified. It was agreed thit, in order to insure economy and ^ flexibility of forces, the Italian DAT Commander would exercise over- . all control over the Air Dofonse system of Italy under the direction of COMAIRSOUTH. Detailed procoduros with rospect to the decentralization of that control will bo worked out between National and NATO Staffs. Tho results of these agreements will bc reflected in the aircraft roquiromonts for Italy and in the Airfield Infrastructure Program. 21/

Third Air Defense Conforcncc A Third Air Defense Conference at which Standard Operating

Procedures, Comniunications problems, Training and Exerciso Schedules, and the Air Dofonso Information Center wero considered, was held at the Italian War Collogo,' Florence, 19*- 20 - 21 November. This conference was attended by representatives from tho five Southern European NATO nations, HAFSE and HAÜTFSE, as. well as by representatives and observers from the MOD's anci DAT1S of France and Italy, Air Head-quarters Malta, AIMED, CINCtîED, CI NCNSLMs JUSMAAG (Greeoc), MAAG (Italy), MEAFf USAFE, and US Sixth Floot. Agreement wa3 reached on tho proposed Air Defense Information Center, Air Defense Standard Operating Procedure, and Training and Exercise Schedules, and it is felt that more was accomplished inHiis Conference that at either of the previous ones. It is proposed to hold another Air Defense Conference at Floronco at tho end of April 1953« 22/ Air Defense Information Center

The early establishment of an Air Dofonso Information Conter, as a firm operational requirement to provide for "colloction and distribution of air defense information to the interested Air Defense Agencies so that

21/ Msg STAMA DIFESA TERZO REPARTO Roma Prot No 2896/C/SS, 29 Nov 52, COSMIC TOP SECRET, and Msg CINCSOUTH ES 15Ô33, DTG 080804Z, dtd 8 Dec 1952, COSlfIC TOP SECRET

22/ Minutes of Air Dcfonne Conforcnce held at Italian War College, Firenzef Italy, 19 - 20 - 21 November 1952, MFSE Sub-Reg No. UC OO734, NATO SECRET

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OOfiUifc TOT amaniMv NATO SECRET

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Third Air Defense Conference — Hq AAFSE — 19-21 November 1952. a. Capt de Fregate Delort (FN); Col H. S. Judy

(USAF) Chairman; Sqdn Ldr. Stanley Brown, RAF,

b. A group of representatives from CCMNAVSOUTH, US Sixth Fleet, CINCSOUTH and RATjfUalta. y

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each Air Defense Commander will have a clear picture of the situation as it affects any particular area" was agreed to at the previous Air Defense Conference held in May 1952. COMAIR^OOTH's responsibility to coordinate this project was also agreed to at this time and the organization of à small Study Group was recommended.

The Study Group, composed of representatives from HAAFSE and from the Territorial Air Defense Commands of France, Italy, and Turkey, was organized on 1 August in Home, and spent the ensuing month deter-mining the requirements for an Air Defense Informati on Center. The. Study Group Report recommended that the Center be located in Naples in close proximity to HAFSE and if possible in the Bagnoli tunnels. The preliminary report was slightly modified in accordance with agree-ments reached at the Third Air Defense Conference, to include sufficient space for a Naval Liaison Team. Subsequent to the approval of the

• Air Defense Information Center by the Air Defense Conference, COMAIR-SOUTH approved the plan and forwarded it to CINCSOUTH, recommending implementation. A suitable site for the Air Defense Information Center has not yet been approved by CINCSOUTH, nor have arrangements for funding been made. These problems are under study.

AIR TRANSPORT COMAIRSOUTH's original concept for Air Transport contemplated

the organization of a Theater Air Cargo Command, 2}/ Subsequent to the inclusion of Greece and Turkey, and to the receipt of policy guidance from SHAPE and HAFSE, this was revised and a comprehensive concept of NATO Air Transport Organization Control, and Operations was submitted to CINCSOUTH on 31 October 1952. 24/

In general, the revised concept states that NATO Air Transport w i l l be primarily tactical in nature arid that the NATO Air Commander

t will not infringe on national prerogatives with regard to the use of

2Jj/ HAFSE Letter, LO 8500, "Air Transport Organization and Procedures", 23 August 1952, NATO SECRET

54/ HAAFSE Letter, LO 8500, "Organization, Control and Operations of NATO Air Transportation in Southern European Area", 31 October I952, NATO SECRET

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NATO SECRET CUoMlU 'IUJr1 -dHUifeT

air transport for normal national logistic support, since the latter is clearly a national responsibility. It calls for maximum utilization of National Air Transport forces to achieve the most efficient operation for Theater logistics support. NATO Air Transport would remain within the National command structure but complete operational direction would be exercised by COMAIRSOUTH through the Commander of the National Air Transport Command. In effect this Commander would wear two hats in peacetime; one National, and one NATO. This arrangement has three major advantages» it eliminates the requirement for additional head-quarters; it facilitates the ability of the Air Transport Commander to operate, since he has control of vital logistic units; and it provides for push-button convertibility in time of war to full NATO use of all transport if required.

The 355"th Air Transport Squadron in Greece, is presently assigned to NATO and is' under the direct operational control of the 28th Tactical Air Force Commander. One other Air Transport Squadron is ear-marked for activation and assignment to NATO under the operational control of the 28th Tactical Air Force Commander on D/3» There are no other Greek air transport resources assigned to, or earmarked for NATO. National air lines of Groeco, upon the declaration of any stage of alert, will be placed under the direct operational control of the Greek Air Staff to be used for £&tional logistic support.

i

In Italy, all organised military air transport units will be operated by a National Air Transport Command. This will comprise National Air Transport Units and the nucleus of an Air Terminal Organization. Within this Air Transport Command one Stormo, which will operate C-II9 type air transport aircraft, has been earmarked for assignment to NATO as of October 1953« Upon the declaration of any stage of alert, all Italian Air Transport resources, to include the civil air lines and special mission aircraft, will be organized for military missions under an Italian Air Transport Command.

In Turkey at the present time, there are no NATO assigned or ear-marked air transport forces. All military air transport forces are under the direct operational control of the Commanding General, Turkish Air Force, The disposition of the Turkish national commeroial air transport resources jtiuring any j^age of alert has not been resolved.

IMTÛ-5ECRET t- OOOMIO TOP SECRET •

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UUAIiU IUF a IUUilT

MATO SECRET The Standing vÇuJ IipppWred a meteorological organization for

NATO which provides that Chief Meteorology Officers be appointed for SHAPE, AAFSE, AFNE, and AFSE. 25/ A SHAPE Meteorological Committee was established under the Chairmanship of the SHAPE Meteorological Officer, composed of Command Meteorological Officers and the Directors or designees of the national meteorological services providing SACEUR with meteorological facilities. Similar meteorological committees, which would include representatives from the national services furnishing the respeotive Commands with meteorological facilities, were authorized for AAFCE, AFNE, and AFSE with the Command Meteorological Officer as Chairman in each case.

CINCSOUTH directed COMAIRSOUTH to designate a Chief Meteorological Officer for AFSE and also delegated to him, in cooperation with COMNAVSOUTH, the responsibility for meteorological matters for the Command both in peace and in war. 26/

In developing the Command organization for a meteorological service within the AFSE area, a guiding principle was to make maximum utilization of national services available within the area. Consider-ation was also given to the fact that NATO meteorological establishments must provide sufficient service to NATO commanders for planning and operations in time of peace and at the same time he capable of expanding to meet wartime requirements.

A recommended NATO Meteorological Organization for AFSE has been developed and was presented to the SHjfE Committee by AFSErS Meteor-ological Officer. The Committ ee approved the recommendation for a Command Meteorological Center at Naples and for Allied Meteorological Officers at the 5th and 6th ATAC's respectively. The determination of the exact capabilities of these installations, the number of personnel required and the means of supplying personnel, and equipment were delegated to the AFSE Meteorological Committee. The initial meeting of this Committee is planned for February 195Ü*

£5/ SHAPE AG 9917 PPO "Meteorological Organization for SACEUH«s Command", 15 May 1952

26/ Letter, AFSE K)/9935/52 "Meteorological Organization for Allied Command Europe", 4 November 1952, NATO CONFIDENTIAL

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NAlOJiCRET X UAMIL TU!1 UiMlUl1l

At present the meteorological service available to AFSE consists of that supplied by the several national services within the Southern Area. The Italian Weather Center at Rome is a designated Sub-Area Center for the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). This center is charged with the collection and dissemination of all weather observations and analysis guidance in the Mediterranean Area.

A Rome receives North Atlantic and Western European weather

information from Paris and broadcasts it on Weather Teletype (W/T) to the Southern Area. It also receives Mediterranean data by W/T inter-cepts and forwards this information to Paris. Analyses of the Mediterranean Area weather are prepared and exchanged with all other interested centers. Climatalogical studies for the Southern Area are also prepared. National centers at Athens, Ankara, and Algiers provide the same type of service, but on a national basis. Elements of the UK and US "Meteorological Service also provide service to their respective forces stationed in the Southern Area, COMAIRSOUTH has been assigned a Meteorological Officer and an Airman Weather Observer from the 29th Weather Squadron, USAF Weather Service, in order to furnish pertinent and timely weather information in support of the USAF Flight Section, 7^33^ Headquarters Support Squadron.

The capability to provide optimum weather service to AFSE is limited by the lack of trained meteorologists and inadequate communications. A shortage of meteorologists exists in all national Meteorological Organizations within the Southern Area and has obliged each nation to centralize skilled personnel at a few locations. Requests for forecasting services from outlying sections must be for-warded to a central point where a forecast is prepared and returned to the requestor. This procedure not only entails considerable times but frequently does not furnish "the user with as understandable a fore-cast as would be possible were he able to discuss various factors of the weather directly with the forecaster.

Exchange of weather data in the AFSE area is almost entirely by \ W/T broadcast, and this method is inadequate not only because of limited' communications facilities and poor reception due to atmospheric conditions, but also because of the limited amount of data that can be

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broadcast, and the lack of adequate security in time of war. A communications plan for transmitting weather information, which provides for landline teletype where possible, and radio teletype elsewhere, has been included in COMAIRSOUTHrs overall communications requirements.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES — HAAFSE (Chart No. 4) In order to insure that the views of the various National

representatives on the AAFSE Staff regarding certain National problems were available to the Commander, an Advisory Council composed of the Senior, or delegated, representativesfrom each nation at HAAFSE was established on 28 August 1952, 2J j This Council, under the Chair-manship of the Chief of Staff, meets from time to time, at his call, to consider various pertinent national problems. Its recommendations are transmitted to the Commander for his consideration.

The Council does not function in any manner which will conflict with agreed NATO channels between NATO and National agencies, nor is it intended to circumvent normal Staff procedures. Nevertheless, Senior National representatives are privileged to use their Council membership as a means of contacting the Chief of Staff directly on individual matters concerned with National problems.

The Council has demonstrated its value in promoting increased understanding, coordination, and cooperation in the particular areas in which it operates.

Move of HAAFSE to Naples Area Plans for the eventual move of Headquarters, AAFSE from Florence

to the Naples area are well advanced, although as yet no formal movement directive has been received, nor have funds been appropriated. Present planning indicates that the major move will begin around the middle of May, 1953« This will place HAAFSE in close proximity to CINCSOl/TH's Headquarters, and will permit better coordination of efforts in the tactical and strategic fields as well as economies of operation of common support services. Headquarters Command, AAFSE will be completely integrated with that of CINCSOUTH, with consequent savings in personnel.

22/ GO 28, Hq AAFSE, 28 August 1952, UNCLASSIFIED

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HSaDQUARTERS ALLIED AIR FORCES SOUTHERN EUROPE

Firenze, Italy CHART NO. 4

Organizational Chart

Commander î Lt Gen Schlatter L k Deputy Commander ; Maj Gew Lalatta

Piy^ Lt Col Purpus

! ADVON In î CINCSOUTH bol Ecyiund

DCS/Opns Col Fylali

Chief o^/Staff B Gen Suarez

! Exec Chie^ of Staffj i Lt Col Pedone ;

DCS/P & s ;

Col Clxîugh i

SHAPE . Regional Rep ; Col Tuttle

! ACOS Intel ! : ACOS Comm ÎACOS P & P

i ;Col Patteson! :Col Bianchij ;Col Judy

/ / /

; Comm Center ; V

ACOS O & T: :Col Abbott

/

; ACOS Log 'col Jones t — 1 —

j ACOS P & A, i Lt Col S ;Fiacchino ;

I ACOS Comp j | A A G ! I Col Bush j ! Maj Fallow^

V

Hqs Command; ; Maj Heywood

/

y

:34 th Comm Sq » xaf CommSpt 1 L ! j. . Sq̂ J.. j NATO RESTRICTED

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cûsmûJEûE-sseaer

The Headquarters will be established in Camp Bagnoli and eventually this area will also house HAFSE and HAHFSE. The facilities to be occupied by all three Headquarters consist of some 15 comparatively modern reinforced concrete buildings which are located in a pre-planned area. They require considerable rehabilitation. Extensive repairs and expansion must be undertaken on roads, sewers, fences and similar installations in the Camp, while all communications and electric power facilities must be installed*

HAAFSE is the first organization scheduled to move to Camp Bagnoli, and COJtAIRSOUTH will temporarily occupy buildings destined eventually for CINCSOUTH until rehabilitation and alterations have been completed in the buildings planned for his own permanent Headquarters.

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6. Brigadier General Edward W. Suarez, USAP, Chief of Staff, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe.

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T L A I O SECRET PERSONNEL

ADVON and Nucleus ATAC With the announcement of the Command arrangements in Southeastern

Europe, high priority was given to establishing an advance echelon at Izmir, and to the preparation of Tables of Distribution for the Nucleus 6th ATAC scheduled to succeed it.

In order to permit the early establishment of the ADVON, four officers and six airmen from HAAFSE were on temporary duty at Izmir by 25 September, This action was taken pending the assignment of personnel for whom an emergency request based on SHAPE'S interim allotment of 15 officers and 20" other rank spaces, over and above the approved HAAFSE Structure, was forwarded through CINCSOUTH to SHAPE on 28 October. '1/ This emergency request provided for initial manning only and did not give the ADVON operational capabilities.

Cf A Table of Personnel Distribution, Statement of Functions and

Program for the Organization and Manning for the 6th Allied Tactical Air Command Headquarters for Southeastern Europe was developed and submitted to CINCSOUTH on 28 October. 2 J The functional organization of the ATAC is based on the premise that it will be located in close proximity to Headquarters, Allied Land Forces Southeastern Europe (HALFSEE) and will be able to share some of the support facilities of COMLANDSOUTHEAST. The TP/D represents personnel requirements which C0MAIRS017TH considers the minimum necessary to establish proper plan-ning and essential operational control of assigned forces. In developing it, consideration was given to forming a balanced organi-zation in the allocation of staff positions to officers from the -nations with primary responsibilities in this area. The organization and concept, as formulated, have the concurrence of representatives of the Greek Defense Staff and the Turkish General Staff, with the exception of the provisions for the support and communications functions ^ 1 J TWX 10-2149 AAPA, COMAIRSOOTH to CINCSOUTH, NATO RESTRICTED, 28 Oct

TWX ES-73371 CINCSOUTH P&A to SACEUR, NATO RESTRICTED 30 Oct 1952 2 J Proposed TP/D, Nucleus Organization Hq ATAC, 23 October 1952

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which they have not reviewed. Information has been received from CINCSOUTH indicating that the Staff portion of the TP/D for the ATAC has now been forwarded to SHAPE. 3 / The Headquarters Command and the Communications Support portions are still under study at HAFSE with a view to effecting consolidation with Headquarters Command and Signal Support of COMLANDSOUTHEAST in order to accomplish maximum personnel savings.

The development of the ATAC Headquarters is phased as follows!

Phase I Advanced Echelon, or APVON Manned initially by personnel on TDY from HAAFSE, pending assignment of personnel based on the interim allocation of 15 officer and 25 other rank spaces.

Phase II Nucleus Headquarters Based on proposed TP/D. This Nucleus Headquarters will absorb personnel assigned permanently to the ADVON.

Phase III Headquarters ATAC Based on TP/D to be developed in the light of practical operating experience vdth a target date of 1 June 1953 »

In manning the Headquarters it is hoped that some of the spaces allocated to USAF personnel for the Nucleus Headquarters can be filled by individuals presently assigned to U. 3. Military Missions and to USAF activities both in Greece and Turkey. This possibility is based on the difference in lengths of duty tours for U. S. personnel with Missions and MAAGS and with NATO organizations; the latter tour being a year longer. Early assignment, on a voluntary basis, of officers and airmen who are on the spot and have already gained experience working with the national governments would expedite the achievement by the ATAC of minimum operational capacity. Further it would minimise initial assignments of USAF personnel from outside sources, curtail delays in reporting and reduce the amount of orientation required in

3 / TWX ES73024 CINCSOUTH PA to SACEUHt Infos COMAIRSOUTH, NATO RESTRICTED, 11 Octobor 1952

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7. Air Force officers from the Six Southern European NATO nations, on COMAIRSOOTH's Staff» from left to rights Sqdn Ldr S. H. Brown (RAF'), Maj Selcuk Okvav (TAFl, Wg Cdr. X). F. Theodossiadesi(RHAF), , . /«.m-Lt Col I)V F^nali (IAP)t Lt CoI W, A. Butters (USAF) and Adj Ch Fenton (FAF).

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J A T

NATO procedures. The utilization of personnel already stationed in Turkey would be of paramount benefit to the Nucleus ATAC. Assignment of USAF personnel, based on these considerations, has been requested of Headquarters, USAF, through USAFE, but as yet no decision has been reached

In view of. the known difficulties and delays in procuring qualified people, it can be expected that the protracted time it is taking to process the TP/D's and personnel requisitions for both the ADVON and the ATAC will seriously affect COMAIRSOUTH's ability to organize the Nucleus ATAC when directed to do so. At the present time, all personnel pre-viously on Temporary Duty at Izmir from HAAFSE have returned to Florence, and the ADVON is manned by three RHAF and four USAF officers and eight airmen. {Chart Number 5 ) As of 31 December 1953, no TAF officers or airmen had been assigned.

Headquarters AAFSE On 28 October 1952, the SHAPE Establishments Team made a survey of

the approved HAAFSE Table of Personnel Distribution (TP/D-IV) to deter-mine December 1952 requirements. As a result of this survey, deficien-cies and shortages of personnel in certain divisions were evident, while deletions and adjustments in others were recommended. In consequence, SHAPE has submitted new and more realistic 1953 forecast requirements for HAAFSE to the Standing Group. Based on this review, TP/D-V was developed and will be submitted to CINCSOUTH early in January. 4 / TP/D-VA which will cover COMAIRSOUTH's personnel requirements subsequent to the move of this Headquarters to Naples; is under study at the present time.

Approved personnel requirements for HAAF3E are still outstanding, in many cases, due to the difficulty all NATO nations are experiencing in providing personnel from^limited national resources. As a result, supervisory and planning personnel are still carrying heavy, project-type workloads. In addition, as a consequence of the assignment of responsibilities for Air Forces in Southeastern Europe, the need for officer representation from Greece and Turkey on COMAIRSOUTH's staff has increased. Personnel from both nations are being assigned, as national resources permit, and seven Turkish and four Greek officers are now on duty at HAAFSE, working principally in the planning, training, logistical and communications fields. (Chr.rt /JuiKJC3:' ->)

A j Table of Distribution ̂ -Jf, JIAAEßE—10 January IQS^taNJmi RESTRICTED M I O »

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ROSTER OP PER soin:;:L

COMAIRSOOTH ADVONs Izmir, Turkey CHART NO. 5

31 Docenbsr 1952

OFFICER NAiIE RAHK POSITION

TIETZ, CLARENCE G, Lt Colonel Adjutant General WILLIAMS, JOIffl M. Lt Colonel Chief, Conmunicstions KATSARO, JOIffi G. Vlv ComnandGr Dep C/S Operations DENDRINOS, CHARLES C- Sqdn Loader Den Chief Intelligence FOJCKE, FSSDDIE Captain Corcmunicati ons MORRIS, DAVID F. Captain Personnel Officsr VIZANTOIS, HÜBKES 3. Flight Officer Communications '

ENLISTED NAI-IE RAiHC DIVISION

PAELOG, John R. tf/Sgt Adjutant Gsneral SKITH; Albert R. î if Sgt PersoniU;! and Admin WILSOIJi Charles A. T/S^t Combat Operations SRIDGLTj William 0. 3/Sgt Communications Squadro EREY, John J., Jr. S/Sgt Conbat Operations SIZEMORE, Donald T. S/S{H Logistics CLIFF, Thonas M. ^ l c Logistics KELLER, Edwin F. A/1 c Combat Opsrati ons

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StatuB of Personnel - IIq AAFSij by Kation

CHART NO. 6

Authorlged U S

Assigned (56 Uanned )

Legendi Italy

Souroet Autht Table of Personnel Diet D-IV. Asgdt Hq. AAFSÜ Strength Report

As of 15 Jan 53.

France

Greece*

U K

Turfcey *

Auth oonsists only of AUVOH SJi personnel. AsgA strength lnoludes HAAFSfi & ADVON SK. Oreeoe & !Fuxkey are each overstrength 4 Offioero. BAAFBS Auth pending; requested in Deo 52 requirements*

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TP/U-V reflects increased personnel requirements which have resulted from the accelerated development of certain.functions within the Command, particularly in the fields of Infrastructure, Training and Communications.

The increase in logistical requirements has been occasioned by the increase in requirements both for infrastructure inspection and for

»

reporting which have added greatly to the heavy workload in the Logistics Division, since most of the basic information can be secured only through field trips and on-the-spot inspections, pending the development of sound national reporting procedures.

The series of maneuvers conducted during the late summer and fall have further emphasized the need for a special staff activity to handle planning details in this area in the future. At the present time, planning for coordination and supervision of operations in connection with each such training exercise is possible only at the expense of other staff activities.

With the change in SHAPE'S policy regarding channels of distri-bution for NATO crypto material, COMAIRSOUTH becomes responsible for its distribution to subordinate assigned and/or ear-marked NATO national forces. This new function increases the personnel requirements for staff personnel and also for operator personnel to establish full 24-hour operation of the Crypto Center,

Existing authorizations for personnel were inadequate to permit discharge of these additional logistical, training and communications responsibilities and also to provide for organization in depth and to allow for the continued temporary assistance required by the ADVON. (Charts Htanber 7A L~Û<* 7B)

Civilian Personnel (Chert Iiunbar 8) Certain difficulties continue to exist in the procurement of

qualified civilian personnel for HAAFSE, although this situation has improved materially during the past six months. In particular, the time required to complete security investigations has been a handicap in filling critical positions, since from two to ten months are re-quired for this process after the potential employee has-been tested as to proficiency

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NATO RESTRICTED CHART NO. 7A HEADQUARTERS ALLIED AIR FORCES SOUTHERN EUROPE

STRENGTH 1 JULT 1952 31 DECSIiB^R 1952

OFFICERS AIRI SN OFFICERS AIRrSN Auth As£d Auth Asgd Autfc AsiTd Auth Asgd

Headquarters Staff •

United States 76 50 67 48 7 6 60 67 81 Italy 45 20 22 13 45 23 22 16 United Kingdom 3 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 Prance 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 Greece — 1 — — — 4 — —

Turkey - - - - - 7 - -

TOTAL 127 76 PI 63 127 109 91 99 Headquarters Ccimand

United States 15 12 93 35 15 6 93 92 Italy 12 6 82 35 12 4 82 60 TOTAL 27 18 175 70 27 10 175 152

Communications Support United States O 1 121 11 0 y 1 121 18 Italy ib - 83 4 6 1 87 41 TOTAL 19 1 204 15 15 2 208 59

ADVON Southeast United States — — — — 9 5 14 8 Greece — — — — 3 3 5 —

Turkey - - - — 3 - 6 —

TOTAL - - - - 15 8 25 8

TOTALS United States IOO 63 281 94- 109 81 205 199 Italy 67 26 187 52 63 28 191 117 United Kingdom 3 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 France 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 Greece — 1 - - 3 7 -

Turkey - — — - 3 7 6 —

COMBINED TOTAL 173 95 4 70 148 184 129 499 318

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ALLIED AIR FORCES SOtJTHERM EUROPE CHART NO. 7 B SUPPORT UNITS

STRENGTH

I JULY 195 S 31 DECEMBER 195? OFFICERS AIRMEN OFFICERS AIRMEN

UNIT Auth Asgd Auth Asgd Auth Asßd Auth Asgd

Flight D 7470th Hq Spt Sq United* States - 1 - 3 - 1 - 4

7233d Hq Surport Sq United States 31 11 109 49 31 15 109 108

Italian Support Sq Italy - 2 - 15 - 2 - 25

Hq & Hq Support 56th TAF United States — — — — 4 — 2 Italy 20 19 44 167

TOTALS United States 31 12 109 71 31 20 109 114 Italy

- 22 - 34 - 46 - 192

COMBINED TOTAL

*

31 34 109 105 31 66 109 306

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NATO RESTRICTED CHART NO. 8

HEADQUARTERS ALLIED AIR TCSiCLS SOUTHERN EUROPE

CIVILIAN PER SOI H-TEL STRENGTH

1 JULY 1952 AUTHORIZED ASSIGiTED OSCE FSL TOTAL OECE FSL TOTAL

Headquarters Staff 61 - 61 35 1 36 Headquarters Command 23 46 69 19 37 56 Communi cat i ona Support 9 19 28 5 13 18 7233d Headquarters Support 15 IS 33 11 10 21 7233d Civil Service (US) 4 - 4 3 - 3

TOTAL 112 83 195 73 60 134

31 DEC^S^R 1952

Headquarters Staff 61 O 61 39 1 40 Headquarters Comnand 23 57 80 * 23 55 76 Communications Su;p̂ ort O 19 28 6 10 16

7233d Headquarters Support 17 26 43 17 26 43 7233d Civil Service (US) 6 O 6 6 O 6

TOTAL 116 102 218 * 91 92 181

* Includos two language instructors NATO RESTRICTED

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NATO SECRET OODMXO TOP ODOItEilEL

Authority was received from SHAPE through CINCSQtH1H ill December to pay cost of living allowances to civilian administrative personnel (Chapter I) as of the first of November 1952. Payment, on a pro-rata basis, was effected on 19 December, with the exception of special allowances for interpreters and translators. Payment of these special allowances was temporarily withheld pending coordination and final decision; and is expected to be made early in January. Budgetary pro-visions to cover these allowances were made in the 1952 Budget, and the protracted delay in authorising them had adversely affected civilian personnel morale. This has greatly improved since payment was author-ized.

In view of the projected move of the Headquarters to the Naples area, a survey was conducted on which an estimate of those OECE person-nel desiring to accompany the Headquarters could be based. While this survey is in no way binding, it indicates that approximately 70 per cent of presently authorized and assigned civilian personnel in this category desire to transfer to Naples.

56th Tactical-Air Force The build-up of HrMq1Arvtsrsf 56th Tactical Air Force, continues

to be extremely slow. There is still an acute shortage of qualified officers, non-commissioned officers and airmen, and at the present time the Headquarters is only partially manned. (Chart Number 9) The Italian Air Force has had difficulty in procuring personnel with the necessary technical and specialist qualifications. While a gradual improvement has been noticed in the situation during the past six monthsr nevertheless, many assigned personnel have had no previous experience and must be given basic indoctrination with a consequent loss of time and efficiency. In this connection, the Commander of the 56th TAF has repeatedly recommended to the Italian Air Ministry that officers occupying or scheduled for assignment to key positions be given a brief orientation tour, 10 to 15 days in duration, at a comparable Allied organization.

The same situation exists with regard to subordinate units. The 6th Stormo is still below peace-time strength and the 51s"t Stormo lacks sufficient personnel to accomplish its re-organization from two to three squadrons. Insofar as the 5th Stormo is concerned, the personnel

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NATO EESTHICTED CHART KC. 9

PEE SOITlvEL SÏE33TGTH IiEPORT

56TH TACTICAL AIR FOBCS

Vice-nza, Italy

1 July 1952

ORGAl JI ZATI ON OFFICERS NCOtS OTHER RANKS

Headquarters 56th TAF 23 17 31 5th Fighter Stormo 08 303 650 6th Figlitsr Stortro 47 171 353 51st Fighter Stormo 81

CO 702 TOTAL 249 929 1736

31 December 1952

ORGANIZATION OFFICERS NCOt s OTHER RAITKS

Headquarters '}6th TAF 49 75 97 5th Fighter Stormo 130 464 749 otli Fighter Stormo 71 . . 228 386

51st Fighter Storno 110 430 805 T OT AI. 360 119? 2037

(information extracted from Historical Roports of the 56th TAP)

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N M O SECRET PPTMir TOD fTgnHET

situation is not quite so critical in that the number of personnel assigned, while not sufficient to meet all storrno requirements can be considered satisfactory from other points of view.

The housing situation for Stormo personnel continues acute, particularly at Ghedi to which field the 6th Stormo was redeployed from Capodichino Air Field upon assignment to the 56th TAF on 6 July 1952. Very little family housing is available at the base and most of the officers and airmen of this unit have been unable to have their families join them. Such off-base housing as is available in the "vicinity" is between 15 and 25 miles away from the base.

The whole economic situation of IAF personnel remains unsatisfacto-ry, however, there is reason to hope for some improvement in the fore-seeable future. In an effort to alleviate this situation at Headquar-ters, 56th TAF, the Commander of the 56th Tj1F has requested that the Ministry of Defense give consideration to placing the IAF personnel assigned to the Headquarters in the same category as those assigned to Verona, Florence, and Naples, so that they may enjoy the same economic privileges. In epite of these deterrents, the spirit of the Squadrons . is considered good and their record of disciplinary action is low. A large factor contributing to high morale, particularly among rated per-sonnel, has been the progress in the aircraft conversion program.

Greek and Turkish Air Force Units At the present time, insufficient information is available on which

to base a report on the personnel situation with the Greek and Turkish Air Forces allocated to COMAIRSOUTH.

7233d Headquarters Support Squadron The implementation of the mission of the 7233d Headquarters Support

Squadron (USAF) ["to provide administrative and logistic support as directed by CINCUSAFE, or his designated representative, to all USAF personnel assigned or attached to Headquarters, HAAFSE" and, also, "... as may be required, to USAFE elements stationed on a permanent or temporary duty basis in Florence, Italy or in the contiguous area", 5 / is developing rapidly. With the increasing capabilities of this organ-ization to discharge its responsibilities, many support functions of a

± J USAFE Regulation 24-37, dated 11 October 1952

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National character previously delegated to the Headquarters Commnd, HAAFSE, and in some cases to Staff Sections, have been assumed. These include responsibility for the processing of all applications for movement of U. S. dependents to and from this area, for the publication of confirmatory orders for all travel memorandums to cover per diem for U. S. personnel, and the responsibility for the National Crypto and U. S. Document Control Office.

During the past six months it has been necessary to expand most of the support activities and functions for which the Squadron is respon-sible, in order to adequately provide for the increase in both military and other personnel authorized to receive such support service. At the present time there are approximately 850 individuals supported by the facilities provided by the Squadron.

With the move of the unit to its own area in Via Pistoiese, the extent of medical services both for military and dependent personnel has been increased. Excellent liaison has been established with the U.S. 4th Logistical Command at Leghorn, and the medical facilities at the 28th Station Hospital (U.S. Army) in that area have been made available to USAT personnel of this Command and to their dependents.

The scope of personnel services has increased, particularly in the area of education. A school for dependent children has been organized to provide instruction for the first eight grades, following a standard U.S. curriculum and the enrollment of 54 children for the fall term, which began on 8 September, has increased to 67 students at the end of December, In the field of adult education, courses for college credit have been organized under the auspices of the University of Maryland. At present these are confined to elementary and advanced Italian and are open not only to USlJ1 personnel but also to non-military and non-U.S. personnel who qualify, upon payment of the regular University of Maryland fees.

With the assignment of a USAP Chaplain on 17 September 1952, a Protestant Sunday School has been organized, and regular Protestant religious services are held each Sunday. Arrangements have also been made with an English-speaking priest to provide religious services for Catholic U.S. personnel. The Chaplain's program was high-lighted at

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AULSECRET Christmas-time by the presentation of a Christmas musical program and pageant, and by joint - services with an American Church in Florence. The chapel choir went caroling on Christmas Eve making eight pre-arranged stops at widely separated spots in the city of Florence, and the neighborhood.

Post Exchange and Commissary facilities have been enlarged and both of these operations are functioning satisfactorily.

To date, the activities of the ADVON at Izmir, Turkey, have not affected the Support Squadram except from the point of view of maintain-ing MIT flying requirements for rated USAF personnel. So far, this flying has been accomplished through administrative flights. The 7233d Headquarters Support Squadron, however, has handled the movement of personnel and household goods to Izmir and will continue to discharge this responsibility unless it is transferred to some other USAF organ-ization.

The 7233d Headquarters Support Squadron is also responsible for the support of ISAF personnel assigned to the 56th TAF insofar as it is practical to provide such support. This is accomplished by providing a weekly dispatch of mail, Commissary and Post Exchange items to Viccnza in accordance with a consolidated list furnished by the Senior USAF Officer at Headquarters 56th TAF. Provisions for MIT flying for rated personnel at that Headquarters are also furnished by the Support Squadron

Flight uD", 7470~th Headquarters Support Squadron While the 7233d Headquarters Support Squadron furnishes logistical

support for all USAF personnel, administrative support for USAF person-nel assigned to duty with Headquarters AAFSE and with Headquarters Com-mand support activities, is furnished by Flight "D", 7470th Headquarters Support Squadron. This Flight is also charged with the responsibility for USAF personnel stationed at Izmir, Vicenza and Verona. This unit is physically located at Villa Constantini, in the Headquarters Command building.

Italian Air Force Support Squadron The Italian Support unit, for the administrative and logistical

support of IAF military personnel, was established on 1 August. This t unit, which is a

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provides for the administration, logistical support and welfare of the Italian Air Force enlisted personnel, below the rank of Maresciallo, who are assigned to Headquarters, AAFSE. Those responsibilities cover administration of personnel and pay records, discipline, military training, morale, and welfare, supervision of troop quarters and mess, supplying of personal equipment, and the operation of the dispensary. In addition, this organization monitors the use of IAF vehicles to fill National and International Motor Pool requirements, and provides for their maintenance. It peforms for rated Italian Air Force personnel functions similar to those performed by the Flight Section of the 7233d Headquarters Support Squadron for USAF rated personnel.

Administration for Italian Air Force officers and non-commissioned officers is furnished during the first eight months of their assignment, by the unit from which they are assigned to duty at HAAFSE, after which time, IAF officers and non-commissioned officers who have completed eight months of duty at HAAFSE are assigned to the IAF unit based at Peretola Airfield.

French, Greek, Turkish, and UK Personnel With regard to personnel administration and support for the French,

Greek, Turkish, and United Kingdom personnel assigned to COMAIRSOUTH's Staff, the following procedures have been established by the respective national services!

The French officers, and non-commissioned officer at HAAFSE are administered through the French administrative unit at HAFSE. The senior French officer acts as Liaison Officer for the Group. Flying requirements for Frenco Air Force personnel are satisfied through the use of a French Air Force Liaison aircraft which is based at Naples and is periodically brought to Florence to provide flying facilities. The French Naval Air Force Officer makes a quarterly trip to the French Naval Base at Toulon, where he is able to satisfy minimum training re-quirements. Insofar as medical support is concerned, request for reim-bursment of major expenses can be made to the Frence Government, however no regular service is provided.

Assignment of Greek and Turkish Air Force officers to NATO head-quarters is recent and to date no separate organizations to discharge administrative responsibilities for them have been established. The

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officers are individually assigned and administered by their respective national Air Ministries. In each case the senior officer assigned to

special provisions for tho logistical support of these officers has been made and in the field of medical support no costs are reimburseable. The RHAF has furnished COMAIRSOUTH with a C-47 aircraft for administra-tive flights and to permit RHAF officers to complete minimum flying requirements. In order to meet TAF mininum flying requirements of ten hours every two months, Turkish Air Force officers must return to Turkey. Every effort is made to permit them to avail themselves of any administrative flights to that area in order that they may comply with their national regulations*

Tbe RAF element at HAAFSE depends directly from the ölst Group in > Groat Britian, which is responsible for the general administration of

all RAF elements assigned to NATO Headquarters. Under this administra-tive organization, the senior RAF officer assigned to COMAIRSOUTHtS Staff is automatically responsible for discipline, billeting, pay, supply, and other national matters for RAF personnel. Costs of medical care are reimbursed through the British National Health Organization. The maintenance of minimum flying requirements presents no problem since these are suspended during the period an officer is assigned to Staff duty, at no loss in pays upon his reassignment, he completes a refresher training course.,

HAAFSE, by virtue of his rank, acts informally as Liaison Officer. No

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WOMIC (TOP CSfflET

CHAPTER III

TRAINING AND EXERCISES

The past six months have been marked by a general clarification of the role of COMAIRSOUTH in the training of assigned and ear-marked forces and by progress on the part of each national air force concerned in those aspects of training which are a national responsibility.

Previously, the state of training of assigned Italian Air Force units was such that it was impractical to launch an intensive' program of higher training such as extensive exercises and maneuvers. COMAIR-SOUTH's efforts were therefore concentrated on assisting subordinate units to establish the required routine training, jet transition and flying proficiency programs while engaging in only a limited number of CPX's and other exercises designed to accomplish the advanced training of assigned units. In this there has been a high degree of coordina-tion and cooperation between this Headquarters and MAAG, Italy.

As the operational capabilities of subordinate units have increased, activity in COMAIRSOUTH's primary training role of exercises and maneu-vers has been stepped-up, and the activities which are more properly national are reverting to national agencies.

The state of training of the Greek and Turkish tactical units which have been assigned to COMAIRSOUTH since October, is relatively high. The ability of COMAIRSOUTH to engage in his primary training role has consequently been enhanced and the development of standard exercise * procedures is being increasingly emphasized.

Training in Command functions and the coordination of far-flung units in training exercises have been and still are being handicapped by a lack of communications facilities.

Air/Ground Warfare Training A continuous program in Air Ground cooperation is in effect by the

56th TAF and units of COMLANDSOUTH. Training missions are programmed at monthly meetings with Commanders concerned and then scheduled through the Joint Operations Center at the 56th TAF the day before the mission is to take place. (Chart Numbor 10)

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NATO RESTRICTED CHART NO. 10

HOIjfRi FLOVtN IN AIR/GROUND COOPERATION rrITH GROUND ZJ-tD NAVAL FORCES - 1952

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER . NOVEMBER DEGUISER

5th ytormo 22 23 297 36 131 26 6th Stormo 63 33 109 — 61 —

51st iitormo 61 40 183 13 108 16

HOURS FLQVrN ̂ OMBI ItO , ROCIC'TRY Alv1D AIR /GR OUIviD GUNNERY TRAIMIrTG - 56th TAP - 1952 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEiBER

5th Stormo — 1 144 117 70 18 6th Stormo 66 29 8 — 12 2 51st Storno 120 193 105 100 51 93

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fc * -Q SECRET * Mimiü iIOf Jüüwar

Since the 5^th TAF still does not have the equipment necessary to operate an Air Control Center (ACC), the facilities of the Air Defense Organization (DAT), Sector Operations Center (SOC) are utilized for con-trol of aircraft on tactical training missions. Italian Air Force Air Control Teams (ACT) equipped with Campagnole and trailers, each with Na VHF set for aiv/ground communications, an HF set for surface communica-tions, a radio "beacon for localizing airborne support aircraft over tho the ACT, and remote control wire extensions to a distance of 800 meters from the parent unit for the VHF and HF sets, are attached to Army-units to meet operational requirements. The general level of effectiveness of these ACT's is excellent. Portable sets which could be used in areas not accessible by road, are advisable for the area north of the Po Val-ley, but are not yet avaialable. Considerable on-the-job training of operating and maintenance personnel is required to supplement that re-ceived in specialists schools in order for the individual ACT's to achieve a satisfactory operational level.

A U.S. Marine Tactical Air Control Party, furnished by the Sixth Fleet, has operated in the Po Valley throughout the past six months indoctrinating Air and Ground units in the principles and procedures of Air-Ground support. During the fall maneuver, ANCIENT WALL, two more such Marine units were deploy id with brigades and utilised in Air/ Ground support work during the exercise. The training program conducted by the Marine TACP has been satisfactory.

Air/Ground warfare training, however, has been hampered by the following factorsî non-availability of sufficient equipment with which to establish an efficient communications systemj lack of complete work-ing knowledge on the part of,Army units of the new joint Land/Air warfare procedures; shortages of assigned aircraft; adverse weather conditions? and finally, a lack of experienced Air Force and Army Liaison officers to man the Joint Operations Center. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, considerable progress has been made during the past half-year.

All Air/Ground warfare training in Greece and Turkey is scheduled by the respective National Staffs. The COMAIRSOUTH Exercise and Maneu-ver schedule for 1953 includes several Air/Oround support exercises and it is COMAIRSOUTH's intent to promote the NAT0_A^fcound warfare ,!ATN C

y «ï ii % j. M3U5EÎTC

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KATXLSERET doctrine in all exercises in which he has responsibility. 1 / Full and complete Air/Ground warfare training operations, however, will have to await the arrival of Tactical Air Control groups and their associated communications equipment.

Jet Transition In Italy, 48 pilots of the 5th Stormo and 23 pilots of the 51st

Stormo have completed transition cources in F-84 aircraft. Inasmuch as the 5th Stormo now has 75 F-841s and the 51at has nine and is receiving 20 more, there is a serious transition training backlog at the moment. An additional deficiency is that the transition course does not yet include a jet instrument check-off. The program has been impeded by lack of flying hours obtainable on the aircraft and by the fact that dual-place jet aircraft (T-33) were not available in the country prior to the delivery of the F-84's. -MAAO Italy has had Mobile Training Units in continuous operation at both the 5th and 51st Stormos to assist the conversion of pilots and maintenance personnel. There are presently four T-33 jet trainers available to the 56th TAF. Pilots of the 6th Stormo have completed transition courses on Vampire aircraft. (Chart Number H A nnr1 IIB)

Because of the shortness (l8o flying hours) of the present national flying training course, the 5^th TAF has organized a 50-kour "seasoning" program in F-47 aircraft before permitting F-84 transition for newly « graduated pilots. The requirement for this program will cease to exist at the end of 1953* when the units will begin to receive graduates of a new and longer course.

Arrangements have been made to rotate contingents of all Stormos of the 56th TAF to bases in Southern Italy: Grottaglie, Amendola and Capodichino, for the winter, to take advantage of the better flying weather for routine training.

In Greece, a total of 57 pilots have been checked out on F-84*s, the 337th Squadron has completed transition and the 339"tk is nearing completion of transition to F-84'ä. The RHAF has been in possession

/ / AAFSE Manual No. 50-1, m A A F S E Ifeneuvers and Ecercise Schedule for 1953" dated 20 December 1952, NATO SECRET

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AAPSB ASBigied IAP Organlzatlone C H A B T N 0* 1 1 B

Utilization of Aaalgaed Aircraft Aa of 31 Seo 52 Arera^e Number Boura Flonn per Aircraft Assigned

F47®

YA Yi

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t, V ••

Others

Hows

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O Sep Oot HOT Deo Sep Oot Wov Deo Sep Oot Kor Deo Sep Oot Wor Deo

Total Hoxira 819 526 169 297 L125 767 776 582 312 259 250 130 495 340 272 171 ATg Ho. A/C Aagd 71 79 85 93 53 51 51 50 30 40 38 37 44 40 35 37 ATgiHo. A/C "In Pftirtn 29 34 19 28 31 23 30 27 19 24 20 18 24 23 21 21 Avg Ho. Hre Flown per A/C II.5 6.7 2.0 3.2 21.2 15*0 15*2 11.6 10.4 6,5 6.6 3.5 11.3 8.5 7.8 5.0

Souroet Dally Combat Itffeotiveness Reportel SCSt APS-OT-Iat and AAOT Training Process Reports. »ATP SKORflT

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eUMAlU TUP aSCSEff

of T-33'aircraft for some time. Jet transition is keeping pace with the delivery of F-84 aircraft and is complete, including instrument check-off in T-33's at a specialized school before completing F-84 transition.

In Turkey, all three squadrons of the 99th VsTing have completed transition to F-84 aircraft. The transition course includes 12 hours of T-33 and 18 hours of F-84 flying. Completion of an instrument course is a prerequisite. The 88th Fighter/Bomber Wing is accomplishing jet transition training at Byabekir at a rate of 12 pilots per month. There are nine T-33 aircraft available in Turkey.

Gunnery and Bombing Training C0MAIRSÖUTH included in the 4th Slice Infrastructure Program

requirements for adequate gunnery ranges and supporting bases at Oristano, in Sardinia, and at Kastellion, in Crete, to accommodate Italy-based and Greek and Turkish units, respectively. Since these were eliminated by the NATO council, AAFSE units remain dependent upon National gunnery and bombing ranges.

In Italy, assigned units are using air-to-ground gunnery ranges at Uaniago and also to a very limited extent the ranges located along side of the air field at Vicenza. An air-to-air range has been designated in the Gulf of Manfredonia and arrangements for its use have been completed. Firing by the 5th Stormo is scheduled to start in January, Air-to-ground gunnery and bombing training has been progressing. Air-to-ground rocketry has commenced and the facilities are now on hand for napalm training. Air-to-air gunnery training has been impeded by the lack of assessing equipment for camera gunnery, aerial tow-targets and aerial range facilities. (Chart Number 10 )

In Greece, air-to-ground gunnery and bombing training for assigned units is well in hand. Three air-to-ground ranges exist, conveniently located at close proximity to tactical air fields. Although no air-to-air tow target training has been conducted as yet, an over-water range has been secured south of Pyrgos and training is about to commence thereon. Air-to-air training has been handicapped by lack of assessing equipment for camera gunnery and, until now, by lack of range facilities. All other necessary equipment is now on hand. A total of 10 RHAF pilots have comple e United

^ rrrrrfTn TOP CPC RET

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States and are fully qualified in all aspects of gunnery. The program is closely monitored by the USAF Air Mission, which has furnished advice, equipment and ammunition.

In Turkey there are likewise air-to-ground ranges adjacent to tactical air fields and training in this phase of the program is progressing normally. Two small air-to-air ranges exist, near Samsun and Bandirma and all units are processed through these ranges each year according to a master schedule. There is need, however, for an aerial range of large dimensions.

Training Standards During the past six months COMAIRSOUTH has developed unit-train-

ing standards covering Fighter/Bombér units, Interceptor Day Fighter units, Transport (or Troop Carrier) unit. All three have been coordi-nated with the Italian Air Force, All three are now in the process of coordination with the Greek and Turkish Air Forces.

The Fighter/Bomber standards have been published and distributed to NATO headquarters and to COMAIRSOUTH's subordinate units in Italy. The Interceptor Day Fighter and Transport standards are now in the process of publication. The standards prescribe the status of proficiency for fully trained units and provide a guide for the establishment of unit-training programs and a criterion against which to measure their adequacy. As yet none of the assigned units has met these standards.

Fighter/Bomber Affiliation Flights United Kingdom based and U.S. Sixth Fleet Fighter/Bomber aircraft

make periodic training flights over Southern Europe and interception of these missions would provide excellent training for fighter and bomber crews and control and reporting personnel. At CINCSOUTH's request, COMAIRSOUTHhas completed arrangements with- CINCAIRCENTRAL for acceptable procedures for conducting such Fighter/Bomber Affiliation Flights, and a paper outlining these was discussed and accepted at the Air Defense Conference (Florence, 19-22 November 1952). Since, owing to weather and other factors, it is impossible to plan these flights in advance, it is essential that rapid flight clearances from national authorities be obtainable. All three nations, Greece, Italy, and Turkey, have indicaiod. qongAtf-rjaice and., wi Tlj^gne.ss to participate in

^ A . O S Ê C S E Ï PPfiFMTri TOP SF^RFT

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HAIO SECRET these exercises and COMAIBSOUTH has subsequently devedoped a detailed Standing Exercise Procedure for these Fighter/Bomber Affiliation Flights for distribution to national authorities of Greece, Italy, Turkey and UK based bomber commands, and interested NATO organizations. The effective date of application of this SEP is 15 January 1952.

Flying Proficiency In Greece, the 337th Squadron is qualified in all aspects of

flying, including instrument and night flying. The 339th Squadron is currently approaching qualification. The 335"th Squadron, which is equipped with conventional fighter aircraft, is being used as an OTU at the prosent time.

In Italy, the state of training in daylight flying, navigation, and formation is high but pilots assigned units are generally lacking in instrument and night flying qualifications. (Charts IJ:?. 12A €: : . To eliminate these deficiencies instrument training units have been formed * Additional radio aids have been established in the Po Valley* A GCA unit has been placed in operation at Villafranca. The 56th TAF is using T-33 aircraft to some extent for instrument check-offs. Instru-ment training is still handicapped, however, because of the lack of sufficient flying hours available from the aircraft assigned to these instrument training units. Progress in night flying qualifications has been slow.

In Turkey, a total of 86 pilots of the 99th Wing have completed ? 40-hour instrument course in T-Il type aircraft. There are at pr~7_.. 178 pilots in the Turkish Air Force who hold white instrument cards. The yearly flying proficiency program, which is followed by all pilots in the Turkish Air Force, includes 18 hours per year of night flying.

Flying Safety - Italy A Flying Safety Program has been developed within the 56th TAF in

accordance with procedures established for USAF flying ur\tn. Flying Safety Officers have been appointed and weekly discussions on accidjiit prevention are held at Stormo level. Monthly conferences of Flying Safety Officers are scheduled at Headquarters 56th TAF where problem*; are discussed. Publication of directives, bulletins- and memoranda has been initiated in order to better inform units of the development of, and necessity! W^kabl£^l§Â^%i:|B|yfPïr«!ram* HRLU DTCKÏÏI

CUoMiU l'ùr OEGnBT

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NATO CONFIDENTIAL CHABT HO. 12 A NAVIGATION TRAINING 56TH TACTICAL AIR FORCE - 1952

JULY AUGUST SEFTEÏIBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

5th Stormo 6th Stormo 51st Stormc

111

116

146 21 65

380 2 12

242

107 ' 7

101 3

109

121 3 35

FORMATION FLYING TRAINING 56TH TACTICAL AIR FORCE - 1952 5th Stormo 121 326 437 334 110 102 6th Stormo — — 51 — 14 6 51st Stormo 86 68 62 88 147 196

INSTRUMENT TRAINING 56TH TACTICAL AIR FORCE - 1952

5th Stormo 48 28 130 63 49 6th Stormo — — — 46 — 15 51st Stormo 85 42 130 86 68 18

•TIGHT FLYING TRAINING 56TH TACTICAL AIR FORCE - 1952

5th Stormo 6th Stormo 51st Storino 21 17 — 2 7 3

(All figures indicate Hours Flowijj^o CONFIDENTIAL DE

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NATO CONFIDENTIAL CHAET NO. 12 B JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

HOUHS LINK TRAINER ïTRAINING 56TH TACTICAL AIR FORCE - 1952 5th Stormo — — 186 179 I92 207 6-th Stormo 50 — 49 87 51st Stormo — — 193 174 121 93

HOURS FLOWN IN AIR/VECTORING COOPERATION WITH DAT OR TAC ORGANIZATIONS - 1952

5th Stormo • — 32 — 31 — —

6th Stormo 16 20 28 35 ' 8 51st Stormo 28 2 — 2 —

TOTAL HOURS FLOV-rN IN ALL TYPES OF TRAINING 56TH 1T ''TICAL AIR FORCE - I952

5th Stormo 254 776 1372 1ÔS91 667 523 6th Stormo 145 103 348 195 147 113 51st Stormo 517 427 685 472 611 4I9

TOTAL TRAINING HOURS FLO1W 5TH, 6TB, AND 51ST STORMOS - UST SIX MCOTHS- 1952

916 1306 2305 1736 I425 1055

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NATO SECRET OOCMO TOl1 i^lMli^

EXERCISES During the past six months, COMAIRSOUTH has participated in three

major maneuvers which have provided him with opportunity for simulated war-game planning and implementation. Considerable benefit has derived from these exercises at both staff and unit level, particularly in the area of Southern European Command organizational and operational prob-lems. As a direct result more realistic Standing Operation Procedures have been developed and published. These not only provide guidance to assigned air units on exercises and maneuvers, but may also function as workable Operational Procedures in the event of an emergency. While exercises and maneuvers of this nature provide the mechanism by which they may be war-gamed, amended and kept current.

Each' of the throe exercises, ANCIENT WALL, DRAGO, and LONG STEP differed in purpose and scope, furnishing valuable experience in differ-ent areas. Exercise ANCIENT WALL, orginally planned as one large-scale maneuver and later broken down into several of smaller-scale, accented primarily the problem of close air support of ground troops in a ground maneuver situation. -Exercise DRAGO was an air defense maneuver with the Italian DAT acting as Exercise Director. In this exercise COMAIR-SOUTH monitored the over-all maneuver from an information standpoint and arranged for outside air participation in Central Europe. Exercise IJONG STEP, primarily naval in concept, involved the movement of convoys through the general Mediterranean Area with a subsequent amphibious landing in Turkey. In this exercise COMAIRSOUTH acted as Air Commander.

ANCIENT WALL SHAPE Directive Number AG. LP 09.0T - rJ December 1951, ordered a

cycle of inter-allied aaneuvers involving all the forces of Western Europe to be conducted during'September 1952. As originally planned these forces were to be brought together within one operational scheme.

In compliance with this Directive, CINCSOUTH, by Directive Number I, dated 8 Ifay 1952, established this cycle of exercises for the Southern European sector under the code name of ANCIENT WALL, "to insure the combat effectiveness of actually existing land, sea and air forces". CINCSOUTH assumed the responsibility for planning, organizing, and conducting the exercise as Maneuver Director, and C0MLANDS0UTH was designated as Chief Controller.

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8. Joint Operations Conter — Hq 56th TAP, Vicenaa Air Field — during ANCIENT WALL Exercises.

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N AT Q L M 9 R E T • ^OFLMIO TOI F̂ILCILILL

As originally conoeived, land forces assigned to NATO, re-enforced by Army and Army Corp troops and service and communications units, air forces assigned to NATO, brought up to strength by other units, and practically the whole Italian Military Air Force and Naval Forces stationed in the Adriatic were all scheduled to take part in ANCIENT WALL, as were USAF units stationed in Germany and elements of the US Sixth Fleet'. In this concept, ANCIENT WALL was a two-sided maneuver at Army/TAF level conducted by a joint maneuver directorate formed of Allied officers drawn from all three Armed Forces and guided by a complex system of joint umpires.

A working group for the preparation of the exercise, as so con-ceived, was organized as early as 31 May and proceeded with the devel-opment of plans for the organizational and functional operation of the

., Maneuver Directorate. This group accomplished the ground work con-nected with the staging of the exercise, the preparation of necessary documents, the organization of the umpire and administrative services and of the various communications networks, as well as the initial planning for the participation of Allied units from other sectors. The group also undertook the many problems connected with the logistical, technical and budgetary support for the exercise.

Due to subsequent budgetary deficiencies, the scope of the initial program was reduced while still in the planning stage. Early in August, the over-all concept of ANCIENT WALL was. changed to that of a series of Air/Ground, divisional or brigade exercises and^ a series of Air/Sea exercises involving only forcés assigned to NATO. Each Air/Ground exorcise was planned separately at Army/TAF level and similarly the Air/Sea exercises were formulated at TAF/Naval Headquarters (Adriatic) level. The establishment of "the Maneuver Directorate and the organisa-tion of the umpire service was cancelled and the working group was transformed into a coordination group. C0MLANDS0UTH remained responsible for the supervision and direction of the exercises, which were planned to provide for Air/Ground cooperation in accordance with the policy established in the US Joint Training Directive (September 1950). (Chart Number 13 ) Headquarters 56th TAF servied as the Air Force Head-quarters, both for Air/Ground and for Air/Sea exercises. General co-ordination and planning in connection with the participation of USAF

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NATO CONFIDENTIAL SCHEDULE OF EXERCISES - ANCIENT WALL

7-20 September I952 CHABT NO. 13

- ! •• a x r s 7 8 9 10 11 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ôô

"Carroccio Lomhardo" (Lombard CartJ "Legnano" Division - Ist ZAT Voghera - Monte Penice 9 Q X "Strada Maestra" (.Highroad) ttFolgore" Division - 56th T/JP Prealpt Carniche-Anfiteatro Morencio of " Tagliament 0* RiVer' ' ' ' ' '

"V à X "Strada Maestra" (.Highroad) ttFolgore" Division - 56th T/JP Prealpt Carniche-Anfiteatro Morencio of " Tagliament 0* RiVer' ' ' ' ' ' "Penna Biancatt (White Feather) "Tridentina" Brigade - 56th TAF Cadore

!

V V X "Trama" (Plot J Naval Adriatic Command - 56th. TAF Convoy escort - Upper Adriatic - Vanezia-Tegliamento Mouth - Merano Lagune - Orado

"Vallo Veneto" (Venetian Wall) ilJfentova" Division - 56th TAF Friulana Plain: Conegliano - S. Giorgio Richintelda - S Vito al Tagliamento

\ / \t 9 • "Vallo Veneto" (Venetian Wall)

ilJfentova" Division - 56th TAF Friulana Plain: Conegliano - S. Giorgio Richintelda - S Vito al Tagliamento

"Berretto Alpino'1 (Alpine Hat) "Julia" Brigade - 56th TAP Upper Tagliamento Q y . V

tfSagittario" (Sagittarius) Naval Adriatic Command - 56th TAF Amphibious Ebcercise - Upper Adriatic! Venezia -Tagliamento Mouth- Merana Lagune-Grado

"Fiamma Cremisi" (Crimson Flame) "ArietA" Brigade - 56th TAF Friulana Plain» Udine-Tagliamento River-S. Quirino

9 9 X "Fiamma Cremisi" (Crimson Flame) "ArietA" Brigade - 56th TAF Friulana Plain» Udine-Tagliamento River-S. Quirino

Live Ammunition Maneuvers Air Transportation O Light Materiel Air Supply

Heavy. Materiel Air Parachute Drop -

3«ppiy £ ,

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Admiral CarneyJ USNj CINCSOUTH, Lt Gen Schlatter, USAF, COMAIRSOUTH, and Gen Frattini, EI, Chief of the Italian Defense Staff, during ANCIENT WALL Exercise.

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units from Central Europe and elements of the U.S. Sixth Fleet were accomplished by COMAXBSOUTHt who also coordinated closely with COMLAND-SOUTH in planning the individual exercises, particularly in the area of air tranpsortation, supply, and air drop of personnel and equipment. The Commander, 56th TAP controlled the air portion of the exercise from the JOC of Vicenza. (Chart Number l/\ )

These land and naval cooperation exercises entailed a concentrated organizational activity within the 56th TAF in order to bring it up to full strength. (Chart Number 15) It was necessary to develop oper-ational facilities (JOC, SOC, ACC, etc) to control communications net-works, and to organize the air bases at Aviano, Bologna, Malpensa, to provide for the deployment of National and Allied Air Force units during the period of the exercise. Intensive training was also conducted in

« connection with" the application of the Joint Training Directive in order to prepare both Air Force and Army officers for service with the Air Control Teams, with the Joint Operations Center and with Air Control Centers.

In addition to the 2d, 5th, and 51st Stormos regularly assigned to the 56th TAF, twelve S-82 aircraft from the 36th Stormo were trans-ferred to the 56th TAF for the exercise to meet airlift requirements. Also the SOC's at Ferrara and Treviso, as well as ten newly established ACT's and two ACT's airborne in C - 4 5 aircraft were used to supplement the existing air control system. USAF units from Central Europe participated in the exercise. These consisted of four F-84 aircraft from Fürstenfeldbruck Base, which flew twelve missions from the 16th to the 20th of September; and four C-119 aircraft from the 4th ATAF, which completed 16 missions from 9 to 11 September, One squadron of twelve Corsairs from the Sixth Carrier Division, USN, was based at Treviso f-rom 17 to 20 September^ and aircraft based on the "Coral Sea" and the "Leyte" aircraft carriers also participated, flying 75 missions per day on the l8th and 19th of September. The participation of USAF and USN units was completely successful, demonstrating a high standard of training as well as indicating the possibilities of intervention and cooperation between armed forces of different nationalities.

Paratroop exercises were coordinated by COMAIRSOUTH and COMLAND-SOUTH, and controlled by Headquarters, 56th TAF and the Headquarters

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SCHEDULE OF AIR FORCE ACTIVITIES - ANCIENT WALL CHART NO. I4 7 - 2 0 September 1952

U N I T S D A Y S 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IH 19 20

56th TAP

5th Stormo - F 84 C/B * (Cy', X 56th TAP

51st Stormo - F 47 C/B * \ / S V L- 4 X 56th TAP 6th Stormo - Vamp I/D

P 51 X X 56th TAP

3rd Stormo - F 38 R/T F 51

Ist SAT ' 2nd Storrao --F 51 C/B X X X A xi X >i X V X \ X 86th Anti-U-Boat Squadron

- Helldivers - X X, X X ( / US Fighter-Bombers - Germany

- F 84 C/B * -I / \ ' / X

y / X /

V /N

V / \ V /\ X X V A X US Transportation Aircraft

- c. 119 - X 1 i

Q V C il

V s / \ Ai X X X, X X] X

/ X 38th Transportation ^tormo -

- S 82 - 9 S~"'r V O 9 D Ç 9 Q n ^ —̂ V 9 0 6th Treviso Fleet

- 12 Corsairs C/B * V; V j\

/

b k Y

.. „,_, X X X X \ \ / A \ /' A X

6th Fleet - Aircraft Carriers -- 75 C/B * à I/D per day % \J

/ \ X X X X y y \ X \ X (*) FIGHTER - BOMBERS Live Ammunition Maneuvers X Heavy Materiel Air Supply ZSk

Air Transportation O Light Materiel Air Supply <7 Parachute Drop D D

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UNIT NATO CONFICENTIAL

BUILD-UP OF 56TH TAF DURING EXERCISE ANCIENT WALL CHART NO. 15 Name and Nationality Assigned To: Airfield or location

• of deployment Number and type of acft available daily

Remarks

A. Assigned to the 56th TAF

B.

5th Stormo F/B 6th Stormo F/B 51st Stormo F/B Photo Section 3d St RT Gr Liaison

- Italian - Italian

- Italian - Italian - Italian

56th TAF 56th TAF

56th TAF 56th TAF 56th TAF

I. UNITS

Villafranca Ghodi

Troviso Vicenza Vicenza

At Disposition of 56th TAF for Operations 36th Stormo Trnsp - Italian - 3d ZAT Bologna 86th ASU Squadron - Italian - Marinavia Treviso

6th Div Acft Carriers

- USN 6th Fleet Treviso Uss Leyte Uss Coral Sea

36th F/B Wing - USAF 12th AF Fürstenfeldbruck

- USAF 4th ATAF Jfelpensa

16 F-84 10'Vampiros, 4 F-51

20 F-47 4 F-38, 5 F-51

22 Other aircraft

10 S - 8 2 8 Hclldivers

12 Corsairs f Corsairs £ Banshees ( Skyraiders 4 F-84 4 C-I19

Under the operationsl control of the military naval Adriatic Command Ground-based For a total of 75 daily mis-sions from l8th to 19th

On the 16th, 17,18,19, & 20th

On the 9th, 10th, Ilth

A. Assigned to the 56th TAF

B,

JOC ACC ACT

- Italian - Italian - Italian

II TACTICAL CONTROL AGENCIES

56th TAF 56th TAF 56th TAF

Vicenza Vicenza Assigned to Army Units

At disposition of ,56th TAF for Operations SOC - Italian 56th TAF SOC - Italian 56th TAF ACT - U S 6th Div Maring Corps Acft

Carrier

Treviso Ferrara (Assigned to ground (of amphibious units

15 ground 2 airborne

3 on the ground

Functioning as CRC

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of the Army Division concerned, Italian procedures and Italian S-82 were employed. On the whole these operations were very effeciently conducted* The experiments in parachuting heavy equipment were also particularly interesting and confirmed the estimate of difficulties involved in supplying Alpine troops "by air.

Sabotage operations deserve special mention. These kept both Headquarters, 56th TAP and subordinate units in a continuous state of alert, and, though limited in scope, gave a realistic picture of the serious danger such attacks constitute to rear areas,

ANCIENT WALL was the first maneuver in which elements of all three forces participated and as such the over-all results were considered very satisfactory. The main deficiencies noted were based on the fact that the provisions of the Joint Training Doctrine were not fully understood and neither Army nor Air Force officers were sufficiently familiar with the requirements and employment of each other's forces. Difficulties were also encountered in attempting to control simulta-neous operations, both agressive and defensive, for land and air forces

Inadequacies of communications, the limited available radio frequencies and shortage of radio equipment and of specialized person-nel were additional problems. The JOC and the ACC's were manned by insufficiently trained non-speciali3t personnel from various units and operational effectiveness was accomplished with difficultly. An excessively rigid adherence to rules and procedures was noted, due to lack of familiarity with the basic organization and operation of the Air Tactical Control System. As a result, flexibility to cope with realistic situations was limited. With regard to the Joint Operations Center, this situation improved markedly as the series of maneuvers developed. Uhfortunately, the army units were not able to benefit from this experience to the same extent due to the organization of the exercise as a series of separate maneuvers, each one using a dif-ferent Army organization. The same Air Force units operated through-out the whole duration of the maneuvers. With regard to Air/Sea co-operation, the need for detailed preparation by a joint Major Staff was evident. Such a staff should determine the requirements for operations of this nature and be responsible for the organization of combined training < support forces.

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NATO SECRET i 3 n W p i rT nirrnFT

In spite of these deficiencies ANCIENT WALL demonstrated the effectiveness of the Joint Training Doctrine. Pilots developed in-creased confidence in the Tactical Air Control Organization and derived considerable training benefit from their experience in flying in moun-tainous regions under adverse weather conditions. Valuable training was also received in reconnaissance and identifications of targets over a difficult terrain. The development of greater familiarity with the operational requirements of land and air forces resulted in in-creased harmony between the various armed forces of different nation-alities. The Final Report on Exercise ANCIENT WALL is in the process of publication.

DRAGO DRAGO, designed to exercise the air defense facilities in Italy,

Malta, ZDA 902, and SDA 903, to test proposed exercise procedures and to determine the progress made by air defense forces since STRATUS, was held 29 to 31 Octobor 1952. The Italian DAT acted as Exercise Director and was responsible for the preparation of the operational order.

Areas of Italy, Malta, French North Africa, and Southern France were included in the scope of this exercise and COMAIRSOUTH's respon-sibility was limited to the coordination of outside air participation. The evaluation of the exercise, of the results achieved, and of the experience gained in comparison with previous maneuvers are contained in the final report which has not yet been received.

LONG STEP Exercise LONG STEP, 3 - 1 3 November 1952, brought together forces

of the tfc'ree major elements of Southern European Defense, Land, Sea and Air, in a large scale combined maneuver, with participation from as-signed and National forces of every NATO country in the Southern Area.

COMNAVSOOTH was designated Exercise Director by CINCSOUTH and originated the Operations Order which governed the general concept of the exercise and contained instructions for participating Naval forces. CCMAIRSOUTH, as Theater Air Commander, developed the Operations Order governing participating Air Forces and implemented this order from a command post established at HAAFSE, in Florence.

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NATO SECRET ~ - - - - - - - m f i y ^ OODMIO TOP DEORBT

Air Forces of Greece, Italy, Malta, Turkey and the United States participated in LONG STEP and were placed under COMAIRSOUPITs opera-tional control. The Greek 337th Squadron took part, as did Italian units from the 56th Tactical Air Force, and from the Italian Air De-fense Command (DAT). One Royal Air Force Vampire squadron and an element of Royal Navy Seafuries, based at Malta, and the Turkish 99th Group were also utilized in the maneuver. The United. States Air Force provided B-26's from the 12th Air Force and an All-Weather Photo Reconnaissance element.

LONG STEP was of considerable benefit to AAFSE in that it provided experience in planning and implementing a theater-wide operation as well aa an opportunity to war-game Standing Exercise Procedures. Around-the-clock operation of HAAFSE under simulated war conditions was prac-ticed for the first time. Experience was also gained in the development of NATO and National intra-theater relationships in the running of a combined maneuver.

Theater-wide point-to-point radio communications were established and operated and it was possible to test NATO communications, publica-tions, and procedures. This experience revealed that while COMAIRSOUTH had satisfactory HF radio communications with all Task Group Commanders in the exercise the lack of a standardized crypto system for all clas-sified traffic was a serious limiting factor in the efficieroy of the communications system,

LONG STEP fell considerably short of providing the desired train-ing to the individual operating Units. The major task of participating aircraft, operating within the general over-all concept laid down for the exercise, was to locate and attack convoys. Allocated flying hours to individual air units are fär short of the amount required to main-tain a eatisfactory level of combat effectiveness. Exercises and maneu-vers, requiring a portion of these available flying training hours, must, in concept, provide the maximum amount of realistic combat train-ing to the individual air units. Other major operational deficiencies were« the lack of a centralized Air Traffic Control agency; the lack of appreciation of the need for a centralized agency for the re-deploy-ment of NATO and national aircraft to fields within the Southern European theater; and the lack of appreciation of the need for

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N A J M E C R E T coordination of the total available air effort into a unified concept of operation.

As a result of the experience gained from LONG STEP, it is felt that effective Air Defense and good Air Traffic Control go hand in hand and that Air Traffic Control must eventually stem from one organization. The available air effort for the planned air defense of Southern Europe must be unified into an over-all coordinated concerted air effort. 2 /

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2 J Ltr/1731 HAAFSE, "Pinal Report on Etercise LONG STEP" 15 December , I952 NATO CONFIDENTIAL •

-CÜSETT W O SECRET

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I I M O SECREL "1iu'ri'' g^gf*

CHAPTER IV

PROJECTS

Projects under study or completed during the past six months reflect, to a large degree, the broadened scope of the tasks assigned

*

COMAIRSOUTH. Much of the basic planning had been anticipated, with the admission of Greece and Turkey into NATO, however, the development of detailed programs in the fields of Air Defense, programming, logis-tics, training and administration could not proceed until COMAIRSOlTTH's command responsibilities had been clearly defined. Preliminary studies were undertaken by every staff activity prior to the actual assignment of responsibility and the work of reviewing and revising previous plans

' and programs to include the Southeastern European r.ror. was givon high priotiry.

Major efforts have also been directed towards improving the over-all combat effectiveness of the Command. As directed by CINCSOUTH, a survey was conducted in September to evaluate current capabilities and identify critical deficiencies in order to determine what major cor-rective actions could lead to the earliest and best readiness results. 1 / Highest priority has been given to taking corrective action in all areas within the scope of COMAIRSOUTH's responsibility, and every effort has been made to bring such deficiencies as do not fall within this scope to the attention of the appropriate agencies.

Considerable administrative progress has been made throughout the headquarters, and to some extent, throughout the Command. This can be attributed to increased operating experience, the accumulation of prec-edents, the results of on-the-job training, and to clarification of NATO requirements and procedures. This improvement is reflected in the new and revised official publications, the standardization of administrative procedures and the effective application of control systems. Studies to streamline existing administrative processes nnri tr> promote the over-all efficiency of HAAFSE have been and continue to be made. Existing procedures are under constant review.

1 / Report to the Commander, AAFSE, on AAFSE's Current Readiness and Future Projects for Achieving Read_iness, 16 September 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET H I SECRET

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EMERGENCY DEFENSE FLAN With the confirmation of the delegation to COMAIRSOUTH of respon-

sibility, for Air Force operations throughout the Southern European Area, under CINCSOUTH, the HAAFSE Emergency Defense Plan and its Annexes were revised. By 31 December 1952, the portion which covered the General Situation (intelligence Digest and Assumptions),tasks, command, admin-istrative, logistical and communications matters, had been completely re-written, and sixteen of the 28 annexes brought up to date. Of those remaining, four were awaiting coordination, three guidance from higher headquarters, and five had yet to be revised. With the receipt of AFSE EDP 1-53 on 15 December, this project was suspended to permit the development of EDP 1-53, which is scheduled to be completed by 15 Jan-uary 1953.

AAFSE EDP 1-53 is the outgrowth of the revised EDP 1-52 and of conferences held with National representatives of the Southern European NATO Nations, representatives from MEAF, and from adjacent commands. It differs from its predecessors both in concept and in form, While the basic concept of a forward strategy designed to exploit to the utmost the flexibility of the air arm remains unchanged, a realistic concept of operations which recognizes that COMAIRSOUTH's forces, on their own, have little chance to establish a better air balance has been developed and the tasks assigned to subordinate commanders are commensurate with their capabilities. The possibility of receiving external air support is included as a result of the joint planning and training which have been going on in this field. As a whole the plan can be considered a D-Day Emergency Defense Capability Plan.

While the missions, tasks and responsibilities of subordinate commanders are set forth in AAFSE EDP 1-53, the Greek and Turkish Staffs will implement their respective National war plans should hos-tilities occur in the immediate future. It is expected that the Greek and Turkish General Staffs will be prepared to participate in the NATO Defense Plan and COMAIRSOUTH's concept of operations later in 1953. r

In line with COMAIRSOUTH's announced policy, based on mutual agreement with the Chiefs of the Greek and Turkish Air Staffs, it is planned that qualified, officers from both these nations, familiar with their own war plans, will continue to participate in further developing EDP I-53.

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COMIC TOP CEORBT NATO SECRET.

T T O SECRET D

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HAlO SECRtT jmrecr ill three parts, each'.of which ia

Orgatt'laatioa of EDP 1-53 The EDR 1-53 has been prej

Complete within itself. Part It the General Plan, is tfrie copciBe d̂ yiij-pp»#nt Of CCMAIfiSOUTH 'a concept of operations. Part II, Annexes, is prepared in sufficient detail to present suV^iinate commanders with atnple data to enable them to prepare supporting .plans, operations ordera and SOPJs of their own( Part III, Annex Zj contains operations direotivea and orders whioh go into effect on D-Day. Realistic, detailed review procedures have been developed by which it is anticipated that AAPSp EBP 1-53 oan be kept ourrent, and only minor revision should be retired in the preparation of EDP 1-54*

Annexas to EDP 1-53 The list of annexes was oompiled from the list which appears in the

HAPSE EDP. This is supplemented by othorjs on which CCVAIRSOUTH feela be should furnish guidance to subordinate commanders. In all there are 24 ônhexea of which 16 are complete, Three of the remaining annexes ..are in draft form* and three await strategic guidance from CINCSOUTH, Thoôè annexes pertaining to Air Defense» Air Traffic Control, and Tactioal Air Control are being prepared in conjunction with each other due to the similarity of many operational problème, an! the consequent need for joint planning.

Annex Z Amiei 2 of AAFSE EDP 1-53 will contain three appendices. Appendix

Number I, Alert Instructions, will include both AAFSE ,Mert Instructions and -HAAPSE Alert Instructions. Appendix Number II will become Operations Order 1-53 in the event' of an emergency occurring while thie plan is in force* Appehdix Number III will be a list of Standard Operating Pro--cedüres and operational directives which have a d irect bearing on the successful accomplishment of COMAIRSOUTH's missiou.

SieaitOh ànd Rescue Annex The pol icy with regard to the responsibility for Air/Sea Rescue

Services 2 / has been amended and broadened. Now it is the responsibil-ity of COMAIRSOUTH to insure that, by utilizing his own resources and

%J Hiatory, AAFSE, Phase II, 1 December 1951-30 June 1952, page 20, COSMIC TOP SECRET

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HALO SECREL GOWICl TOT OTICRgTV

the already built-up national organizations adequate search and rescue facilities are available for NATO forces.

The Search and Bescue Annex to EDP 1-53 is based primarily on ICAO procedures and on guidance received from SHAPE and from HAFSE. The primary responsibility for this task in the Southern European area has been delegated to COMAIRSOUTH, in coordination with COMNAVSOUTH, althcugh no forces have, as yet, been placed at his disposal. Coordination with National Search and Rescue commanders will be established during peace-time, and maintained in the event of an emergency until necessary com-mand agreements can be reached with national agencies.

Air Reconnaissance The Air Reconnaissance Annex was prepared, bearing in mind the

present limited capabilities of AAFSE to; Conduct reconnaissance missions in support of land, sea and air

forces; Make pre-strike photo reconnaissance on pre-scheduled targets

for External Air Support Forces? Make post-strike reconnaissance of these targets struck by

External Air Support Forces? Give adequate retardation reconnaissance concentrating

primarily on Allied Forces Austria withdrawal routes through the ap-proaches to Northeastern Italy and the transportation systems utilised by the enemy in the opening stages of hostilities?

Sccure adequate reconnaissance information on the movement of the enemy, long range and medium range artillery damage assessment and spotting to COIiLANDSOUTH.

All AAFSE forcos will have a common mission for rendering timely reconnaissance information to the land, forces which they support.

*

AAFSE MINIMUM FORCE REQUIREtiENTS A study establishing AAFSE Minimum Force Requirements has been com-

pleted and forwarded through CINCSOUTH to SHAPE where it was approved and referred to the Standing Group on 8 November 1952» This study was based on the principle that CCMAIRSOUTH can not accept enemy odds of greater than two to one superiority if he is to have any chance of accomplishing bis mission.

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UUil1LiI 1I1UP H A T O S E C R E T t required for AAFSE, wa^ased * ^ • The total number of 2,424 aircraft on the number of enemy aircraft known to be facing the AAFSE forces, and on the assumption that 40 to 50 per cent of these enemy forces would be retained to protect SoTiet industry from Allied Strategic bombings. 3 /

AAFSE PROGRAM The AAFSE program, derived from NATO and National plans and pro-

grams, and from the US Mutual Defense Assistance Programs, projects planned NATO and National activities related to AAFSE through 1955» and in some cases, through 195^. This program was developed as a planning and operating guide for-HAAFSE, and to provide planning and programming guidance to interested NATO and National agencies. It presents National capabilities to meet Lisbon Conference Commitments and MRC-12 Force Requirements for 1954, and actually, highlights the lack of firm and/ or preliminary NATO/National Plans in certain critical areas, shows existing imbalances in Witional unit build-up programs, and reviews Nitional programs with the aim of promoting organizational and person-nel efficiency.

The initial program was published on 1 September, subsequent to coordinating visits with the IAF* BHAF, TAF and USAFE Staffs. 4_/ A revised and amplified odition was completed on 23 December, and is scheduled for publication on 15 January 1953- g /

INTELLIGENCE COMAIRSOUTH's intolligence requirements and responsibilities wore

considerably increased with the addition of Greece and Turkey to the NATO Group. In meeting theso requirements certain major handicaps wore encountered. These included the need for Greek and Turkish intelligence officers on COMAIRSOUTH*s Staff to provide necessary liaison and offer experienced advice for their particular areas; the problem of the lack of a command organization in Southeastern Europe to provide an auth-orized channel to the nations concerned and the fact that CtMAIRSOOTH

£ / AAFSE C -3693, AAFSE Program, 1 September 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET 5 / AAFSE/I64/52 AAPP, ltAAFSE Program", 1 December 1952, COSMIC TOP

SECRET

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—66ÜMI0 Tor üEonur

NATO SECRET

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INAJO SECREt donatio rrcir saoncr

was not permitted to seek area intelligence from the National staffs.

Approval has not yet been obtained for the.inclusion of Greek and Turkish intelligence officers on COMAIRSOUTH's staff, nor have these countries an adequate number of officers available, should the require-ments be approved. One Greek officer has been assigned to the ADVON and standard operating procedures, instructions, and available intel-ligence reference material is being assembled to provide guidance and to assist in setting up an Intelligence Division at Izmir. The problem of direct access to National Intelligence staffs - a problem which affects AAFCE and AAF1NE as well, was discussed at the SHAPE meeting of the Chiefs of Staff, 1 December 1952. The necessity for authorizing SHAPE'S subordi-nate Air Headquarters access to the National Intelligence Staffs was recognized.

The flow of intelligence material has increased during the past six months. It is felt that sufficient information is now available upon which to base a realistic appreciation of enemy capabilities to wage air war. Current intelligence furnished through international channels, is considered insufficient however, to fulfill the needs.of the Air Commander, and what current intelligence is made available, usually follows a circuitous route from National Staffs to SHAPE where it is subsequently processed downward. This delay precludes prompt evaluation of imminence information.

Targets The Target Program, designed to satisfy CCtIAIRSOUTHt s requirements

for material on such tactical targets for potential areas of operations as may dislocato the operations of, and eventually destroy, the enemy's air, land, and sea forces, is based on guidance received from HAFSE and from SHAPE, 6 / which stressed,' however, that the production of tactical target material will, in time of peace, remain the responsibility of national agencies. No planning has taken place, to date, for the production, in time of war, of tactical target material within the respective NATO commands, nor have any plans been made for the estab-lishment of liaison, in time of war, with strategic targeting authori-ties . JTy Letter7~HAFSE 42/51) ID 3439» and Lotter, SHAPE/494/51, Subject:

"Organization of Tactical Targeting in SHAPE and Major Subordinate Commands".

NAIQ ISECRET • UUMliC TOT DDOIIET >

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An urgent need for target information for planning purposes, and sufficiently detailed material to make these plans operationally pos-sible continues to exist. To date this material is not available--to International Air Staffs. Informal contacts with the Italian Intel-ligence Staffs, USPA, USAFE, HAFSE,, HAFNE and SHAPE have revealed the availability of National materials, the releasa of which would allow CdIAIESOUTH to make much progress towards achieving his intelligence objectives. In the meantime a Target List, has boon prepared from avail-able reference material and maps studios. The list includes countor air targets, major interdiction targets in tho Balkans, but lacks the necessary coverage of Southern USSR areas adjacent to Turkey. 7_]

Technical^ Intelligence - IPW and Captured Documents A conference was hold at AFSE on 22 Decenbor 1952 » "to recommcnd to

SHAPE the organization for handling Air Technical Intelligence, Intar-rogation of Prisoners of War (IPW) and Captured Documents for the Southern European Command. The recommended organization in the Southern Area to provide for Interrogation of Prisoners of War will consist of mobile in-terrogating teams under the control of the 5th ATAC in Italy, and tho National Tactical Air Forces in Greece and Turkey. Those teams will per-form first phase interrogation to obtain tactical information for immedi-ate use. In a second phase the prisoners of war will be sent to a Joint Interrogation Center under the control of CINCSOUTH for detailed inter-rogation.

Air Technical Intelligonco teams and Captured Documents Interpreters will function parallel to tho Mobile Units under ATAC and TAF control and will have sections in the joint centers planned by CINCSOUTH in each land area, to permit detailed analysis. 8 /

Wartime requirements for host nation counterintelligence personnel have been furnished to HAFSE. '9 J This estimate covers the assistance needed from host nations to supplement normal peacetime counterintelli-gence personnel assigned to other than the host nation units stationed in the Southern Area. Those requirements were furnished as a guide to mem-ber nations in order that they might adjust their training programs ac-cordingly. They do not cover the important need for agents who will set up and operate information nets during peacetime and wartime. 7~7~HAAFsi~Rctardation Plan Air Targets, AAIT 3503, 9 Oct 52, (ÇTS) 8_J Staff Visit, Colonel Pàtteson, ACOS IT, HAAFSE to HAFSE, 10 Dec 52 9 / Ltr, HAAFSE AAIT 3570, Personnel^oquirement3 for Wartime Counter-

intelligence Operations, 9 Jan 1 M J a J t ΣF/B\IJ)/3 2 December 1952, (both) NATO TOPl&aEJ ? J 1

. nnsfi[Tp une wr-ma»

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10. Preliminary Logistics — Training Conference — 5 August 1952, at HAAFSE. From left to rights Col B. E. Fisher, USAF, JUSliAAG (Greece); General Schlatter, USAF; Brig Gen E. H. Alexander, USAF, TUSFAG (Turkey)? and Col W. A. Robertson, MAAG (Italy).

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LOGISTICS COMAIRSOUTH's Terms of Reference give him the responsibility of

insuring that assigned forces are ..."organized, trained, equipped and ready"... to fight. His logistic objective, therefore, as defined by SACEUR, is to insure that complete logistic support is provided his assigned and earmarked forces, to enable them to carry out their peace-time training and operational mission and, in case of war, to achieve success in battle.

This responsibility must be discharged within the over-all NATO concept of logistical support. Peace or war, this is a national responsibility. Peace or war, COMAIRSOUTH's responsibility is to insure logistic support, not to provide it. The peacetime job requires broad coordination and cooperation with the national authorities and with the IE Air Aid Agencies. In the event of war, this concept is expanded to include delegation of certain powers of emergency direction and control of logistics resources to the Allied Commanders, under the provisions of MC-36, Final. 10/ Logistical and Training Conferences

External logistic support for NATO air units in Greece, Italy, and Turkey is provided by the Mutual Defense Assistance Program, admin-istered in these countries by US Air Aid Agencies. In Italy the agency is the Air Section, MAAG| in Greece, the Air Section, JUSMAG; and in Turkey, the TUSFAG, the Air.component of JAMMAT. These agencies have available the pertinent information vital to the logistics program and to the operational and training activities of COMAIRSOOTH.

In order to improve overall logistic support and the status of training in the Southern European Area, by exchange of information and ideas and a careful consideration of national problems, a permanent cycle of HAAFSE - MAAG - US Air Missions Logistical and Training

10/ North Atlantic Military Committee Decision on MC-36. A Report by the Standing Group on Decisions of Responsibilities in Wartime be-tween the National Territorial Commanders and the Supreme Commander and Subordinate Allied Commanders, dated 21 November 1951.

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Conferences has "been established. This regular series of Conferences is designed to emphasize mutual problems and objectives, with a view towards consolidation of effort and avoidance of duplication, and to achieve basic agreements regarding future working relationships between HAAFSE and the US Air Aid Agencies.

A preliminary meeting was held at HAAFSE on 5 August 1952» and the first Regular Conference was convened 19 - 21 November, again at HAAFSE. Four principal agencies were substantially represented at this latter meeting in addition to HAAFSEt Headquarters USAFE, MAAG (Italy), JUSMAG (Greece), and JAMEAT (Turkey). Much of the conference was devoted to valuable orientation. Detailed information regarding organization, objectives, functions, and interpretations of Terms of Reference was exchanged and panel groups were established to report on problems in the areas of Supply, Infrastructure, Training and Logistic Plans.

Basic agreement was reached as to the division of responsibility for training between US Air Missions, MAAG, and HAAFSEi the former organizations are responsible for training the individual pilot until he is sufficiently proficient to perform his flying mission in a first line combat unitj HAAFSE is responsible for the unit, join* and combined, training of its NATO Units.

Excellent progress was made on specific procedures to effect better coordination between the agencies represented and it was agreed that the scope of the next conference, to be held the end of January 1953, be broadened to include representatives from FtVS^, the USAF 5th Air Division, and the USAF 80th Air Depot Wing, in Africa, th? USAF Air Depot at Chtteauroux, France, and from CINCEUR's Headquarters in Germany.

These meetings have resulted in improved coordination and consolidated efforts which ̂ are increasing the logistic capabilities in the Southern Area. Along the same lines, every effort is made to have a member of COMAIRSOUTH's Staff participate in the weekly Staff Meeting of the Air Section, MAAG in Rome.

INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure is defined to include any static facility required

for the fulfillment of the operational mission. In consonance with the general principles of NATO, member nations joined together and agreed

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'N AISI iECRET to assist one another in the financing of such facilities. Definite agreements were made at the major meetings of the Council of Ministers at Ottowaf Lisbon, and Paris.

Financial contributions to the International Pool and appropriated expenditures from this Pool, by nation, are;

3KD SLICE 4TH SLICE NATION Contribution Expenditure Contribution Expenditure NATION

MPS * MPS * MPS a MPS BELGIUM 10;162 6.53 15.6 10.1 4.O5 5.2 4.37 5. LUXEMBOURG

6.53 3.9 2.53 •05 .06 — —

CANADA 8.232 5.33 — — 4.83 6.2 — —

DENMARK! 6.301 4.O8 12.102 7.84 2.57 3.3 2.I9 3. FRANCE

( 2O..324 13.16 6I.596 39.88 IO.9I 14. 22.48 29. GREECE — — — — I.95 2.5 12.30 16. ITALY 12.185 7.89 33.969 21.99 5.14 6.6 9-94 13. NETHERLANDS 6.193 4.01 10.606 6.37 3.12 4. 2.97 4. NORWAY 4.679 3.03 12.882 8.34 2.34 3. 2.20 3. TURKEY — — — — 3.35 4.3 21.12 27. U. K. 20.324 13.16 .782 • 51 7.02 9. .32 .4 U. S. A. 66.037 42.76 — — 32.74 42. — —

SAAR — — — — — — .06 .07 UNKNOWN — — 3.0 1.94

TOTAL; 154.437 154-437 7ti.Q7 7 7 - 9 5 (MPS - Million Pounds Sterling

Facilities requirements are based on approved assignment of forces 11/ each subordinate command having had existing or program-med forces indicated for its area. In consultation with the host nations, Greece, Italy or Turkey, area wherein facilities should be constructed to support the operational missions wore

11/ Such as MRC 12 - Military Representatives Committee Decision on IiRC 12, dated 25 June 1952 - Report by the International Planning Team on Force Goals for 1953, 1954, 1955, HAAFSE File No. C-4O48 COSMIC TOP SECRET

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COJLIIfl ÜCT P J O SECRET selected, each facility being described by type of combat unit. Subsequent to such area selection, engineering surveys pin-pointed actual site locations. Thus a complex of airbases v-as developed in each country of COMAIRSOUTH's area of responsibility. Upon formulation of a construction program and approval thereof by CINCSOUTH and by SACEUR, it would be submitted to the Council of Ministers for approval and funding.

Within the limitation of SHAPE Criteria, the actual construction of the facilities is the responsibility of the host nation. VVhore facilities are required in excess of SHAPE Criteria, as for instance personnel housing, the responsibility is that of the using nation and is paid for thereby.

Main airbases, by definition, are constructed 3¾ bises for known programmed units. He-deployment bases (although none have been "included in any approved COMAIRSOtTTH program through the 4th Slice) are to provide for pre-determined re-deployment of units on D-Bay. Alternato airbases are constructed t-.o that they may be available in case of the loss of a main base.

Ono requirement for an alternate base is that it be capable of development to meet main airhase standards. In general, alternate airbases consist primarily of runway, taxiway, minimum fuel storage, include covered storage, shops, parking apron, electric stand-by power, and so forth, while a main airbaao includes all minimum re-quirements for an operational field, except those which are specific requirements on the part of the using nation.

Facilities programmed to date include combat airbases, oil pipe-linos and storage facilities, signal communications, air training bases, and war headquarters. THIRD SLICE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGR/iU

At the Lisbon Conference, February 1952, the North Atlantic Council approved a total of 28.5 million pounds sterling for construc-tion of eight main and four alternate airbases in Italy, V>j

12/SHAPE/839/52, "NATO Communications Third Slice Infrastructure Program", 5 September 1952, NATO TOP SECRET

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Subsequently, substitutions for originally planned bases were made and one alternate base, Veneaia Mestre was dropped from the program due to land acquisition difficulties. (See Map Number £ of Italy, showing approved Third Slice - less Communications) Currently, CCMAIRSOOTH has requested that Poggia be added as the fourth alternate airbase in the Third Slice. Greece and Turkey wore not included in NATO at the time the Third Slice Infrastructure Program was developed and submitted, and consequently no funds were approved for these two countries.

All construction projects on Third Slice airfields arc inspected monthly and progress reports are preparad and submitted regularly to higher headquarters. As of 31 December 1952» it is estimated that the total construction program is 37 par cent complete. Progress has been delayed by various factors, including social and political problems inherent in land acquisition; the lack of funds and of a detailed knowledge of funding procedures; difficulties in solving technioal engineering problems; the shortage of technical personnel in the Italian Air Force qualified to handle such a l*>rge scale construction prograrrj and unfavorable winter weather conditions.

USAFE has accepted Aviano I and Montichiari, which are included in this Slice, as suitable bases for US Air Force operations in Southern Europe and has employed International Technical Experts to complète a basic information folder on each base. Implementation of this program has been initiated. An Installations representative has been appointed, and a j°i*rt American-Italian architect-engineer has been employed. Authority to let contracts and inspect the actual work has been delegated to the US Forces in Austria and by that Command to the USFA Contracting Officer at Leghorn. Procurement of land will be handled by the USAFE Installations representative. All other procurement services, accomplishment of surveys, and inspection of construction will be managed by the US Army Corps of Engineers at Leghorn under the general supervision of the USAFE Installations representative in Italy. Coordination of this whole program with the Italian Air Staff will be the responsibility of the USAFE Installations representative. 13/

I}/ Conference, Colonel Mark Fox - USAF (Hq AAFSE) and Major General Colby Myers, CG, IBRA, ACOS IT, USAFE, at Salzburg, 19 December 1952

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Communications - Third Slice

a n i a lo i » aeoust

I T O S E C ^ Ï ents for landline facilities for Italy we Infrastructure requirements for landline facilities for Italy were

not included in the First and Second Slice, since planning had not progressed far enough to permit preparation of specific requirements. Communications requirements were first submitted for Third Slice construction. At the Lisbon Conference in February 1952 of some 15,000,000 pounds sterling allocated for all NATO Communications, approximately 5,000,000 pounds sterling were allocated for facilities in the southern region. This included new coaxial cable construction from Milan to "Verona and to Mestre (near Venezia). It also included a main trunk coaxial cable from Genova to Pisa, Rome, Naples, and Messina. At Messina the route splits and infrastructure money was provided for a cable along the north coast of Sicily.to the westernmost end and thence by submarine cable to Pantelleria. This will be extended by submarine cable to N Afric?,. The other circuit from Messina goes by existing cable to Catania and thence by a new cable, to be provided on infrastructure, to Siracusa, to the southernmost tip of Sicily and thence by submarine cable to Malta, The Third Slice also provides money for the increase in existing facilities from Torino to Modane and from Verona to the Brenner. 14/

FOURTH SLICE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM The Fourth Slice Infrastructure Program, as originally developed,

was forwarded to CINCSOUTH in May 1952. The Fourth Slice Supplemental Program, based on aircraft allocations contained in MRC-12 (1954) and including facilities for Greece and Turkey, was submitted to CINCSOUTH in September I952 and to the NATO Council of Ministers, by SHAPE, in December I952.

The total cost of the program, as submitted, was approximately 84 million pounds sterling. Approximately 38 million pounds sterling,

•i or 45 per cent of this program has been approved and funded. ^ J

14/ SHAPE/839/52t Tab "B", "NATO Communications Third Slice Infra-structure Program", 5 September 1952, NATO TOP SECRET

15/ SHAPE/1420/52 "Approved Portion of SHAPE Fourth Slice Infrastructure Program", NATO TOP SECRET

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REi These figures do not include Signal Communications facilities which are "being handled by SHAPE as a separate item. The cut in the proposed program consisted in the elimination of the items for a NATO Air Depot, for architect-engineer services as a line item and for airbase maintenance. There was also a reduction of one main and two alternate airbases in Greece, nine main and five alternate in Italy, and one alternate in Turkey, while most of the proposed pipelines for the Eastern complex of bases in Turkey were also deleted for reasons of economy. This last cut was vigorously protested by COMAIRSOUTH and CINCSOUTH to SHAPE. 16/ (Chart Number 16)

The Fifth Slice, based on MRC-12 (1955), and later slices of the Infrastructure Program, based on COMAIRSOUTH's minimum force require-ments 17/ which, with the Fourth Slice and Fourth Slice Supplemental Programs make up J11AFSE Infrastructure Requirements through 1956» i®/ were also submitted in September. These later portions of the Infra-structure Program have not been acted upon by higher headquarters. (Maps No. 5,3*4* shov; Approved 4th Slice Infrastructure for Greece, Italy and Turkey - less Communications.)

Communications Infrastructure Program - Fourth Slice SHAPE proposed a broad Communications Infrastructure program

including landline and FM Radio-link facilities, navigational aids and. coastal radar systems 19/ to the Standing Group, The funds requested to implement this program, and those subsequently approved

16/ TVX ES 73658, "Jet Fuel Facilities TurkeyÏ 26 November 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

11/ AAFSE C-3724, "Minimum Force Requirements AAFSE", 28 August 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

1 8 / AJ^FSE 6/52, "HAAFSE Proposed Fourth Slice Supplementary and 5th and Later Slice Infrastructure Program", 23 September 1952, NATO TOP SECRET

19/ Letter, SHAPE 1267/52, Subject! "Fourth Slice Infrastructure Program, Further Details of Signal Communications, Radar and Navigational Aids Facilities", 21 November 1952, NATO TOP SECRET

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#

CHART NO. 16 APPROVED FOURTH SLICE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM, AAFSE

ITALY Vi cenza—Teszi Airfield (Main) Jet Fuel Communi cati ons War Headquarters Naval Airbase, Cagliari GRAND TOTAL

Million Pounds Sterling 3.18 2.03 1.85 • 70

2.18

9.94

GREECE New Ankhialos (Main) Larisa (Main) Elevsis (Main) Kalamai (Alternate) Communications Jet Fuel Naval Airbaso, Souda Bay GRAND TOTAL

7.89

1.19 .82

2.40 12.30

TURKEY

Bandirma (Main) Eskisehir (Main) Balikosir (Main) Diyarbekir (Main) Batman Station (Main) Merzifon (Main) Malatya (Alternate) Konya (Alternate) Jet Fuel Communications Headquarters

12.32

5.29 3.41 .10

GRAND TOTAL 21.32

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NATO SECRET Tbjt' thetStanding Croup J£/--are indicated below:

Fourth Slice Infrastructure Program - Communications Southern Europe Recommended Approved

Country Comm Radar Nav Aids Comm Radar Nav Aids Greece .60 .673 .404 1.19 O 0 Italy 8.01 .760 .300 1.85 0 0 Turkey .60 = 332 .234 3.4I 0 0

All Figures are in Hillions of Pounds Sterling

The approved Fourth Slice Infrastructure program places emphasis on providing Communications facilities in the arefis where they are most needed, and shows a reasonable balance between airfield construc-tion and communications construction, except in Turkey. The Array requirements, National Defense Agencies, and part of the Air Defense Radar System has been provided for. Addition?.! facilities for air operations will be included in Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Slice Infra-structure plans .

It is noteworthy that radio navigational aids and coastal radar systems were not approved, and it is not now expected that they will be approved in any future program. The funds approved were for the improvement of existing land lines, tho construction of new land lines, and the construction of FM radio-link circuits. LOGISTICS PLANS

Uniform logistic planning factors within' the NATO organizations have been badly needed. Prior to the receipt of the- SHAPE-developed logistic planning factors it was necessary to employ the wartime planning factors of the UéAF. Uniform NATO-approved logistic planning factors have facilitated the development of uniform requirements programs within AAFSE and permitted the realistic determination of future requirements for COîîAIBSOUTH.

_2<y Letter, SHAPE 1420/52, Subject! "Implementation of Fourth Slice Infrastructure Program", 23 December 195?

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These approved logistic planning factors and the wartime logistics authority of COIiAIRSOOTH have been incorporated into the Logistics Annex of HAAFSE Emergency Defense Plan (1-53)* This Annex is much enlarged from those previously submitted and includes a statement of COMAIRSOUTH's logistics policy, and specific sections regarding the functions of Supply, Maintenance, Transportation, Medical Services, and Infrastructure. The basic plans set forth in the Anhex are being implemented by the preparation of more detailed operational data, which will be published as supplements.

SURVEY OF HEAVY MAINTENANCE CAPACITY SHAPE initiated a request for a complete survey, vdthin each

country of major overhaul and depot maintenance capacity, to include estimates of excesses or deficiencies. 21/ COMAIRSOUTH is responsible for completing the air portion of this survey for Greece, Italy, and Turkey.

Initially, lack of firm planning factors from SHAPE delayed implementation of action to secure the requested information. With the receipt of these in late September, the survey got under way Preliminary reports have been received from the National Air Staffs of Greece, Italy, and Turkey which indicate that progress is being made on the final reports which will indicate deficiencies or excesses of heavy maintenance capacity as of 31 December 1952, 1953* and 1954, for forces programmed for those dates. This is a long range project, experimental in nature, designed to provide a basis on which corrective action may be taken, by bilateral agreement or otherwise. The report imposes a heavy work load particularly on the national agencies, and it is still too early to evaluate it.

EaiERGENCY TRANSPORTATION PLAN - ITALY HAFSE Logistics Directive Number One, dated 17 July 1952, directed

COMAIRSOUTH to draw up an emergency plan covering land movement require-ments for all assigned and earmarked units in being, in Italy, as of

21/ "Heavy Maintenance Facilities for Naval, Army and Air Force's" Ltr SHAPE LOG 2035/P500/52, 8 July I952

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MATO SECRET - OOCMIO TOP DECRaT

1 August 1952. This plan covers all foreseeable war supply actions: deployment, re-deployment and re-supply required in Italy for D through U plus 30. The plan was drawn up on the assumption that a thirty-day level of all classes of supply, with the exception of POL, will be available in appropriate Italian Air Force depots.

HAAFSE "Emergency Transportation Requirements, 22 ' with point-to-* _ r

point transportation requests for all emergency movements, was forwarded to CINCSOUTH for incorporation into the Master Emergency Plan for the Italian area. As changes and requirements occur, supplemental emergency transportation requirements will be forwarded to CINCSOUTH in order that the plan may be kept current. The HAAFSE EM7TRAP plan was developed with some difficulty since sufficient logistics planning factors for Italian units were not available. For this reason, USAF and SHAPE factors were used to compute supply consumption (war rate) factors for all classes of supply. The responsibility for. this project was delegated to COMAIRSOUTH only after the Italian Air Ministry declined to develop the requirements on the basis that they did not come within its scope.

MEDICAL PLANNING, ITALY Conferences to strengthen the medical service in the Italian

Air Force have been held in Rome, and a member of COMAIRSOUTH's Staff is special adviser to the committee appointed by the Italian War Ministry to develop a program in this fiold.

The air evacuation plan of the Italian Air Force was discussed with the Air Surgeon General in December at a conference in Rome; subsequent to this conference the Air Surgeon General met with the Chief of Italian Army and the Chief of Italian Naval Medical

22/ Emergency Transportation Plan, HAAFSE, 19 September 1952

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NATO SECRET W M l U IUP AHHlLl

Departments in order to clarify the policies established by the Joint Chiefs of the Italian Medical Department with regard to the responsibility for evacuating sick and wounded by aircraft.

A special instructor's course on chemical warfare is being set up in the Italian School of Medicine for Medical Officers, in Florence,and close liaison is being maintained with the Commandant. The main problems encountered in establishing this course have been the lack of up-to-date text books and the shortage of qualified instructors .

AIR MUNITIONS Greece has about 12,471 tons of air force munitions on hand,

chiefly of American manufacture.

Italy has begun to receive important new shipments of Air Force munitions through the US Mutual Defense Assistance Frograra. Recent shipments totalling 5*670 "tons have been received. Five hundred each complete E74 Bombs have been rrade available to the Commanding General, 56th TAF, and instructions for mixing, loading and fusing fire bombs have been forwarded to tha^ Headquarters. The same instructions are being made available to the EoyaI Hellenic and Turkish Air Forcer.

Turkey has not reported receipt of MDA Program Uunitions to date. According to information available, Türke;' has en hand approximately 17,106 tcii3 of air munitions, manufactured in Turkey, Iß, Britain, France, and Germany.

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COMMUNICATIONS Communications, command wide, have passed somewhat slowly through

the planning, budgeting and procurement stages during the history of the Command. The forthcoming six months should see the primary elements delivered and operating in the Italian Area, and certain projects for which equipment can be relocated operating in the Oreco-Turkish Area. The inclueioh of Greece and Turkey in the NATO structure increased CCMAIHSOUTH's communications problems many-fold and has necessitated the revision of many of the plans previously made, in order to provide the Commander with command and operational communications capabilities and to permit transmission of information between the widely separated NATO assigned forces in the Southern and Southeastern Areas. This has required a much broader program of communications than heretofore envisioned, while geographical as well as logistical problems have made the revision difficult. In particular, the existing critical lack of landline communications both to and within Greece and Turkey is a serious handicap. At the present time the ADVON at Izmir is limited to COMLAKD-SOUTHEAST's radio communications facilities and will continue to be so until a direct operational circuit is established between Florence and Izmir.

A shortage of operating personnel continues to be a major problem, and will remain so until the arrival of the 34th Communications Squadron (USAF) sometime in April 1953. Mobile Communications Center

A Mobile Communications Center to provide CCMAIRSOUTH with facilities for proper operational control in time of war has been an essential feature of Communications plans from the early days of HAAFSE. The plans for this Communications Center were originally formulated in October 1951» and were finally approved. On 22 December 1952, the contract for the necessary equipment was signed with a Canadian manufacturing firm and it is expected that delivery will be completed by mid 1953-

The original concept, developed during World War II, is based on the premise that a fluid war will exist, requiring the Communications Center to follow readily each movement of "the battle, carrying with it facili-ties to communicate with all superior, lateral and subordinate commands, involved in action. The AAFSE Mobile Communications Center is modeled

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upon war-proven designs. The specifications, as written, and approved by SHAPE, include certain modifications in individual items of equipment to increase capability or flexibility of operation, utilizing materiel developed since Wfrld War II,

The Commun1cations Center will include complete command communica-. tions equipment such a? cryptographic, radio, radio relay, teletype, telephone switchboard, otc., as well as powor generating equipment, all housed in trailers with prime movers,to enable the commander to control any portion or all of his command. (Chrrt /'uiibcr 17) Command Radio Net

The proposed Kigh Frequency Radio Circuit net is based on the use of the RCA 350 watt transmitters, purchased in October, plus receivers and IKW "Marconi*-1 transmitters and Bacchini diversity receivers purchased earlier in the year. ^Assignment of frequencies for the operation of this net is being requested of European Radio Frequency Agency, through CINC-SOUTH and SHAPE.: A target date of 15 February has been set for the establishment of this circuit on a test basi

S;, with the exception of the circuit to Vicenza. This latter circuit is to be put in operation by 1 February if possible, concurrent with the termination of the radio link contract on 31 January. ^Onc of the RCA ET-4336 transmitters (used in Athens for LONG STEP) is now being delivered to COMAIRSOUTH ADVON for use in the radio not which will include Larissa, Eskisehir, Diyarbakir and Izmir. A 1 KW "Marconi" Transmitter with a Bacchini diversity rec-eiver is also scheduled for delivery to COMAIRSOUTH ADVON for communica-tions between Florence and Izmir. (Chart Number l8) Theso will serve to handle administrative traffic on a HF CW net between this Headquarters, tho three TAFtS and the ADVQN. This equipment, plus a 10 KTV transmitter utilizing a 1 KW transmitter as an exciter, will, with proper antennae, provide communications to any of the more distant stations of the net-work indicatod. This equipment has been manufactured to function as a radio teletype facility also, with tho addition of the necessary tele-type equipment. HF CW service with DAT Rome went into operation on 14 November 1952, on DAT frequencies assigned to Rome. HF CW service with the highway police net in the Florence area is also being maintained on a stand-by basis.

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WATO SECRET

POWER SUPPLY OP

CHART NO. 17 AAPSE

LAYOlW OP MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS CENTER

RTTY & ClV TRANSMITTER GROUP

TTY SWBD & TAPE RELAY OPN

TTY OPNS & MESSAGE CENTER OP

POWER SUPPLY GROUP

TP SWBD &

MDP GP

RTTY & CW [ REC. GROUP

OPNS GROUP

CODE GROUP

(2 ea TTY machines "teleconference per Comdr)

VHP RADIO TERMINAL

GROUP

VHP RADIO RPTR OP

(10 Each)

VÏTP RADIO REMOTE TERMINAL

OP

3 ea 4 x 4 1 ea 2 x 10 1 ea 8 X 8

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NATO SECRET CHART NO. 18

SDA 903 ALGIER

COMAIRSOUTH HF RADIO CIRCUITS Proposed 2 Jan 1953

Target date 15 Feb 1953

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NATO SECKtl OP a w l o T O R BEODDT

Electronic Countermeasurca A Short Torm Electronic Countermoasures Plan, comparable to that

previously coordinated with MOD, Rome, has been prepared and forwarded to the respective Chiefs of Air Staffs at Athens and Ankara, and to CCMAIRSOUTH ADVON, under the provisions of SHAPE Signal Directive 16 which states that each national command "shall install and maintain in a stato of combat readiness ECM units capable of interfering with radio and radar installations" .J Electronic countermeasures play a dual role: defensively - to prevent the interference by enemy or natural moans with the radio or radar equipment of our own or friendly forces, and offensively - to interfere with the operation of unfriendly forces elec-tronic equipment to such an extent that they are unable to use elec-tronic equipment to carry out their mission. J CCSiAIRSOUTH, with the concurrence of the National Commands, has the responsibility of formu-lating necessary plans and of offering guidance and maintaining liaison with the individual commands with regard to their implementation of —i these plans./ A meeting, attended by representatives from Air General Staff, Italy, DAT, Rome, Telecommunications Inspectorate, the 56th TAF, the RHAP and the TAF was hold at HAAFSE on 17-18 December 1952 to discuss this project. Rather than wait on the acquisition of complicated, expensive and in some cases unprocurable oquipment, the conferees subscribed to the SHAPE'S announced policy of starting simple training in this field as soon as possible. Air/Ground Communications

The VHF plan for Italy, presented to CINCSOUTH in September, is now outdated sice the conferees attending the VHF conference held at the Hague on 9 December wore unable to agree on a plan for the alloca-tion of VHF frequencies for common use. It is now felt that the only course of action opc-n to COMAIRSOUTH is to prepare the best possible VHF frequency plan for AAFSE, in coordination with the TAF, RHAF and the IAF and present it to CINCSOUTH for approval.

At the present time, no UHF facilities existfvdn the Southern European area, and no plan for conversion to such facilities has been established. In view of the fact that it is a national responsibility to provide ground equipment to handle UHF communications, the critical question remain'S~as to when the individual nations, within a tactical area, will be able to supply UHF ground equipment» Bocause of the

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shortage of manpower with which to handle both types of equipment, the original agreement was that conversion would not he effected until it could he accomplished in all National units. ? For operational reasons, this should be extended to include the widor area over which planes

>•

would be expected to operate.y Since USAF aircraft assigned to USAF units programmed for this area, are equipped with UHF facilities, SHAPE has requested that the IAF develop a plan for conversion fron VHF to UHF. On the basis of this plan, as revised by MAAG, UHF equipment has been requested of MAAG, to be supplied through MDAP. No indication has been received as to when such equipment will become available. UHF installations will be operational about three months subsequent to the recei-pt of equipment. ̂ No over-all plan has yet been prepared for the conversion from VHF to UHF.? j

56th Tactical Air Force The development of an adequate communications system for the'56th

TAF has been hampered by deficiencies, both as to quantity and quality, in materiol, in trained specialist personnel, and by the lack of qualified officers and non-commissioned officers with which to organize and staff an efficient communications section. Charts Numbers 19 and 20 show the communications facilities actually available to the 56th TAF. Telephone - HAAFSE

The local Headquarters telephone switchboard at Florence has been enlarged to 200 lines for the use of the Headquarters, and tielines are available from Florence to Naples (CINCSOUTH), Livorno (Logistical Com-mand) , Viconza (56th TAF), Verona (HALFSE), Rome (MOD), with an auxiliary line through the Italian Air War College to MOD Rome. (Chart Number 21)

All equipment purchased for use in this Headquarters will be moved either to Naples or held for future requirements with the exception of the following: underground cable laid from Villa San Paolo to Florence Central telephone office, and internal wiring at the various command i buildings.

The number of internal extensions capable of making outside calls has been reduced and more efficient control of long distance calls and tieline calls has been instituted in order to stay within budgetary limits.

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t;-:I 56* TAT SEZIONE TELECOMUNiCAZlONI

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NATO SECRET

WIRE NET AAJ1SE CHART NO.

CINCAIRCENTRAL 1*

\

LEGHORN 1#

BAFSE NAPLES

LEGEND # Teletype # Telephone * * Radio - Teletype

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Teletype - HAAFSE Duple*teletype connections with CINCSOUTH and teletype con-

nections to COMLANDSOUTH at Verona are in operation. A daily one-hour test schedule with AAFCE handles essential traffic to that Head-quarters. Tho contract for the rental of a ponte-radio teletype con-nection between this Headquarters and Vicenza which was installed at the beginning of exercise LONG STEP, using Monte Cimone as a relay point, is to be terminated as of 31 January 1953, because of unsatis-factory operation and HF radio between Florence and the 56th TAF, has been proposed as a substitute. (Chart Number 21) BUDGET

Financial Support for tho ADVON With the entry of Groece and Turkey into the Southern Command,

plans for the organization and activation of an air headquarters for the Southeastern European Area wero rapidly developed. SHAPE, however, gave no apparent consideration to the financial requirements for the support of COtIAIHSOUTH's ADVON, nor to that of the Nucleus Allied Tactical Air Force which was to succeed it. With tho recognition of this deficiency, immediate steps were taken to obtain clarification of responsibility for the support of the ADVON.

Joint conferences wore held in September with COMLAHBSOUTHEAST at which it was agreed that funding for the ADVON would be accom-plished from existing credits within the HAAFSE Budget, while fiscal and disbursing operations for the ADVON would be performed by the Comptroller, HALFSEE, and credits would bc transferred to him from HAAFSE under existing SHAPE regulations. These agreements wero informally concurrod in by SHAPE, and COMAIRSOUTH was dirocted to assume the responsibility of the funding of ADVON operations for the balance of 1952. As a further rosult of these conferences, a Statement of Requirements was prepared by the ADVON and submitted to the NATO Military Budget Committee for their review. Subsequent to the Committee's revision, immediate expenditures totaling two million Italian Lire to cover certain specific operating categories ware furnished from either the HALFSEE or the HAAFSE Budgets, depending upon whether expenses wore connectcd with the maintenance of facili-ties (HALFSEE) of with general operating costs of the ADVON (HAAFSE).

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NAJO SECRET 'OOCMIO fp Or SEGBEP

Until such time as definite budgetary responsibilities have been determined by SHAPE, and a budget for the ADVON has been approvod, the operation of the ADVON will continue to be financed in this manner through transfers of credits executed at such time as appropriations are made.

HAAFSE Budget • During 1952, the principal problems cncountorcd have been concerned

mainly with the execution of the budget and the delineation of costs by the national and international elements. Lack of flexibility has con-tinually hampered the execution of the budgeted program and has resulted' in an inability to meet ever changing requirements. " This has been par-ticularly true with regard to capital items which were specifically authorized by the NATO Military Budget Committee, Another difficulty has revolved around the determination of national and international costs. Mutual agreements on this problem have boon reached by the national and international elements of tho Command, which, while not entirely satisfactory, have been acceptable as temporary arrangements.

As of 30 November 1952, only 45'02 per cent of funds appropriated for operations during 1952 had boon committed. With the exception of the funds appropriated for the rental of non-military transportation (vehicles), surplus credits will exist in all operational itome,, and surplus funds for the purchase of capital items other than communications will also exist in Chapter 33. Almost all the funds appropriated for communications equipment have been utilized, while almost all funds appropriated for permanent construction will bc turned back to the SHAPE Treasury. The existence of those surplus credits at the year's end is due to a combination of factors. As of 20 December, only 41*5 per cent of the maximum personnel bu'dgeted for were in place, and this has roduced requirements in all operating categories. Further, in antici-pation of the re-location of HAAFSE in the Naples area, operating re-quirements have been reduced administratively. Further, very little planning information including cost factors on which to base budget estimates for exercises during 1952 was available from higher head-quarters, while many exercises which were anticipated did not materialize.

The I953 Budget estimates are predicated on the assumption that HAAFSE will move to Naples in April 1953 and based on planning factors

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NATO SECRET COEMIO TOP SgCRB?

developed from past experience. These estimates have "been reviewed by the SHAPE Military Budget Review Committee and it .is anticipated that the 1953 Budget will be presented to the NATO Military Budget during the latter part of January. Pending approval, as an intnrim procedure one-twelfth of funds appropriated for 1952 will be alloted in all operating' items for each month. Command Reporting System

Experience has proven that an efficient statistical services reporting system enables a commander to better evaluate progress being made toward the accomplishment of his mission. The peacetime reporting system should be designed so as to provide periodic recur-ring statistical data on operations, personnel and material* At the same time it should be so designed as to facilitate a balanced transition to an accelerated reporting system in time of war.

No information has beon received from SHAPE or from HAFSE to the' effect that standard NATO statistical reporting procedures are to be placed in effect and SHAPE, so far as is now known, has not estab-lished. and does not plan to establish a standardized reporting system, although the establishment of a wartime reporting system was discussed at a statistical conference held at SHAPE during the latter part of ¢1 ay 1952.

CQMAIRSOUTH has attempted to determine the extont of present national statistical systems and their relation not only to each other, but to HAAFSE statistical requirements. Information has been request-ed of all national agencies regarding existing national reports to discover whether or not such reports would meet CCMAIRSOUTH1s require-ments. This has not been forthcoming and COMAIRSOUTH has been obliged to initiate reporting requirements which possibly duplicate require-ments of the three member nations.

No information is available at the prosent time which would permit comparison of the proposed AAFSE reporting system with those of other NATO Commands. Inasmuch as AAFNE and AAFCE are staffed with USAF statistical officers,there is every reason to believe that their systems would be similar to CCfclAIRSOUTH's.

Presont personnel ceilings, a3 established by higher Headquarters, are insufficient to permit further development of a centralized

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11. General Wyman, Commander Allied Land Forces Southeastern Europe, and General D. M. Schlatter, COMAIRSOUTH.

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CHRONOLOGY AAPSE HISTORY PHASE III

I July Sixth Stormo stationed at Ghedi Airfield was assigned to the 56th Tactical Air Force per authority TWX 4238/24 SMAM (Italian Air Staff).

10 July Colonel Stevenson, Commanding Officer of the 49th Air Division conferred with the Commander, HAAFSE,

11-16 July COMAIRSOUTH attended the NATO Air Show at Brussels and conferred with members of the Belgium Air Force, He also visited Hq' 3rd Air Force and Hq 7th Air Division in London, England.

15-21 July COMAIRSOUTH conferred in Rome with Italian Air Force representatives for the purpose of revising the 1 April 1952 Organisational and Personnel Program.

16-17 July Mr. James P. Goode, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Manpower and Organisation, Major General R. M. Browne, USAF, Director of Manpower and Organization and party from Headquarters USAF, conferred with the Commander, HAAFSE, and his staff,

3O-3I July Air Chief Marshal Saunders, SACEUR's Deputy for Air, visited HAAFSE, and conferred with the Commander.

1 August The Italian Support Element, responsible for the administrative and logistical support of Italian enlisted Air Force personnel assigned to HAAFSE, was established.

4 August Conference of the Chiefs of the Air Staffs and Chiefs of the Air Missions and MAAG's from Greece, Italy, and Turkey was held at HAAFSE.

4 August AAFSE Organisation Day, First Anniversary of the organization of AAFSE,

5-6 August The Chiefs of Air Missions and MAAG's at Rome, Athens, and Ankara, along with Major General Lanaham, Chief Signal Offieer, SHAPE, conferred with COMAIRSOUTH and his Staff at HAAFSE concerning the establishment of a sound basis for future working relations between the activities represented,

29 August Terms of Reference for the Advanced Echelon at l 2m i r , Turkey, were published.

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1-2-3 September

2 September

5 September

6 September 7-20 September

CHRONOLOGY ZiAPSE HISTORY PHASE III (Cont'd)

COtiAIRSOUTH visited London, England, for conferences and also to attend the Parnborough Air Display, Headquarters Command, HAAFSE, moved into a new location at Villa Cootar.tini. Lieutenant General David M. Schlatter, Commander Allied M r Forces Southern Europe, and Brigadier General Edward tf. Suarez, Chief of Staff, HAAFSE, were promoted to their present grades, per authority Department of the Air Force Special Orders No. 176. Interim ADVON established at Izmir, Turkey* Hbcercise ANCIENT WALL held to test the combat effectiveness of actually existing land, sea and air forces.

8 September

8-9-10 September

11-12-13 September

2 October

3 October

20-21 Ootober

20-31 October

General Harris and Colonel ibs'.1, War Plans, Hq USAF, briefed COMAIRSOUTH's operational concepts and force requirements. COMAIRSOUTH visited Istanbul, Turkey to v/itness maneuvers cf Ist Turkish Army, inspected JOC and visited Hq Ist TAF Eskisir M r Ii?.se. Commander, on his way to Istanbul, stopped in Izmir, Turkey, to confer with Admiral Carney and General Wyman; visited Hq 3rd TAF at I)i;/arbekir Air Base and participated in a conference with General Arnold. 28th TAC (RHAF) and Ist and 3d T'AF's (Turkish AF) were assigned to COI-IJURSOUTH by authority CINC-SOUTH TWX's ES 72872 and 72873? respectively, dated 2 October I952. COMAIRSOUTH attended Commander's Conference at SHAPE and conferred with General Ridgway, Admiral Carney, General Gruenther, Air Vice Marshal Huddlestone, Air Chief Marshal Sounders, General Schuyler, General Early, Air Contiodore Stagg, General Norstad and Ambassador Anderson. DIAMOND Conference at Malta attended by represen-tatives from HAAFSE. Exercise DRAGO, designed to exercise the Air Defense facilities in Italy, Malta, ZDA 902, and SDA 9035 to test proposed exercise pr. cedures; and to determine the progress macle by Air Defense forces since STRATUS was held.

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' CHRONOLOGY AAFSE HISTORY PHASE III (Cont'd)

3-13 November Exercise LONG STEP, designed to exercise the sea, air and land forces of the Southern European NATO Nations, in convoy, submarine, amphibious, air defense and interception procedures.

5 November Visit to HAAFSE of General Hoyt S. Vandenbert, Chief of Staff, United States Air Force.

19-21 November Third Air t>«fanae Conference was held at Headquarters Allied Air Forces Southern Europe».

19-21 November Initial Logistioa-Training Conference was held at Headquarters Allied Air Farces Southern Europe.

22 November Mr. James T. Hill, Assistant Secretary, United States Air Force, visited HAAFSE.

23 November Air Marshal Sir Arthur Sanders (CINCMEAF) visited HAAFSE and conferred with the Commander.

1 December A conference was held in Rome between CINCSOUTH, COMAIR SOUTH, Minister of Defense, Chief NDGS, and the Chief of Staff, Italian Air Force, regarding Air Defense in Italy.

16 December SACEUR announced the establishment of the Allied Mediterranean Command.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY HAAFSE HISTORY PHASE III

Monthly Status Reports, HAAFSE, for the months of July, August, ' September, October, November and December 1952

Monthly Status Report, COMAIRSOUTH ADVON, September - October 1952 Monthly Status Reports, Headquarters 56th Tactical Air Force for the

period July - December 1952 Minutes of Weekly Staff Meetings held during the last half of 1952 Minutes of all Conferences and Special Conferences held at HAAFSE

during the last half of 1952 Incoming and Outgoing TWX's HAAFSE Command Correspondence HAAFSE Central Files HAAFSE General and Special Orders HAAFSE Organizational and Functional Chart Book, 1 June 1952, NATO

RESTRICTED

HAAFSE History, PHASE I and II, COSMIC TOP SECRET

HAAFSE Annual Report, 4 August 1951 - 3 August 1952, 3 December 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET HAAFSE Command Reference Books, for the months of September, October, November, and December 1952

HAAFSE Table of Distribution D-V, 10 January 1953, NATO RESTIRCTEED HAAFSE Operations Orders HAAFSE and Headquarters 56th TAF Strength Reports HAAFSE Emergency Defense Plan 1-52 HAAFSE Emergency Defense Plan 1-53 AAFSE Program, 164/52, 1 Deoember 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET AAFSE Maneuvers and Exorcise Ifenual for 1953, dated 20 December 1952 NATO SECRET AAFSE's Current Readiness and Future Projects for Achieving Readiness,

16 September 1952, COSMIC TOP SECRET

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NATO RESTRICTED

BIBLIOGRAPHY HAAPSE HISTORY PHASE III (Cont'd)

Pinal Exercise Reports on Exercises ANCIMT WALL and LONO STEP Standing Exercise Procedures of HAAFSE Training Directives of HAAFSE Proposed TP/D for the Nucleus Organization ATAF Headquarters,

23 October 1952, NATO RESTRICTED

m i n u t e s of m a j o r o o a f e r o n o e s bdld a t h i g h e r , l a t e r a l , a n d associated Commands. --.- •

Reports of Staff Visits Staff Studies Terms of Reference ADVON, Izmir, Turkey-Terms of Reférence Movement Planning Group, Dep C/S P&S HAAFSE

Combat Effectiveness Reports of Assigned Forces

Historical Reports and VJeekly Staff Diaries from Staff Divisions, Headquarters Command, 7233d Headquarters Support Squadron and 7470th Headquarters Support Squadron

Historical Reports from Headquarters 56th Tactical Air Force for the last six months of 1952.

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m

ROSTER OP KEY AAFSE PERSONNEL INITIAL STAFF 4 AUGUST 1951

RANK NAME POSITION

Major General Generale DA Colonel Colonel Captain

D. M. SCHLATTER SERGIO LALATTA MARIO BUXHI ERNEST L. CLOUGH J. B. WALTHER

COMMANDER DEPUTY COMMANDER Acting Chief of Staff Exec to the Commander Acting Secretary

STAFF AS OF 30 NOVEMBER 1951

Major General Generale DA Colonel Lt Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel Lt Colonel Colonel Lt Colonel Colonel Lt Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel

D. M. SCHUTTER SERGIO LALATTA EDWARD W. SUAREZ V. S. PEDONE MARIO BUCCHI ERNEST L. CLOUGH WILLIAM BURKE FRANCESCO SFORZA NATHAN M. ABBOTT DUILIO FANALI HARRY 0. PATTESON VENANZIO BRESClANINI ENRICO BIANCHI DRAPER P. HENRY WINGATE B. JONES

COMMANDER DEPUTY COMMANDER

.CHIEF OF STAFF Exec to the C/S Deputy Chief of Staff Deputy to the C/S ACOS P&O Dep C/S P&O Acting ACOS O&T Dep ACOS O&T ACOS IT D<ep ACOS IT ACOS CM Dep ACOS CM Acting ACOS LO

Colonel Lt Colonel Major

jMORRIS BUSH FRANC ESCO RIGHlNI ALBERT D. FALLOWS

Comptroller Dep Comptroller Air Adjutant General

Lt Colonel Lt Colonel Uftjar Gonsrals DA Genorale DB

MAX HAMPTON NICOLA SACCHI HOBEST MORRIS GIUSEPPE CASERO ARMANDO PIRAGINO

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P I O Hq Commandant Asst Hq Comn!-,ndr.nt Commander 56th TAF Dep Comdr 56th TAF

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STAFF AS OF I JULY 1952 (Cont'd)

RANK NAME POSITION

Major General D. M. SCHLATTER COMMANDER General DA SERGIO LALATTA DEPUTY COMMANDER Colonel E. W. SUAREZ CHIEF OF STAFF Lt Colonel V. S. PEDONE Exec to the C/S Colonel MARIO BUCCHI Dep C/S P&O Colonel ERNEST L. CLOUGH Dep C/S P&L Colonel FRANK CROFT ACOS P&P Colonel WILLIAM BURKE Dep ACOS P&P Colonel NATHAN M. ABBOTT Acting ACOS O&T Ten Colonel DUILIO FANALI Dep ACOS O&T Colonel HARRY 0. PATTESON ACOS IT Lt Colonel VENANZIO B R E S C"I ANINI Dep ACOS IT Colonel ENRICO BIANCHI ACOS CM Colonel DRAPER F. HENRY Dep ACOS CM Colonel WINGATE B. JONES Acting ACOS LO Colonel MARK C. FOX Dep ACOS LO Colonel HAROLD F. WILSON ACOS P&À Captain RONALD J. FOWLER Dep ACOS P&A Colonel MORRIS BUSH Comptroller Major ALBERT D. FALLOWS Air Adjutant General

Lt Colonel MAX HAMPTON P I O Colonel D. S. ECKLUND CO Hq Command Lt Colonel ROBERT J. MORRIS C O 7 2 3 3 D H q S p t S q

Generale DA RANIERI CUPINI Commander 56th TAF Generale DB ARMANDO PIRAGINO Dep Comdr 56th TAF

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RANK

STAFF AS OF 31_ DSOF.jjjnER (Cont'd) NAME

Lieutenant General Generale DA Brigadier General Lt Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel Colonel Lt Colonel Colonel

D. M. SCHLATTER SERGIO LALATTA E. Wi SUAREZ v. s. Pimccra DUILIO FANALI ERNEST L. CLCUPH HUBERT S. JUDY WILLIiiM BURKE NATHAN M. ABBOTT ILt3Z. PAÏÏECON GIUSEPPE AMANTI ENRICO BIANOHI

POSITION

COMMANDER DEPUTY COMMANDER CHIEF OF STAFF Exec to the C/S Dsp C/S' P&O tip ^fZ P&S j ' . r o c ?r-2

D — ...CC3 P&P Retirer ACOS O&T JICOl: I1/1 Dep ACOS IT /.cor CX

Colonel

Colonel

Colonel Colonel Lt Colonel Captain Colonel Major

DRAPER F. HENRY

D. S. ECKLUND

WINGATE B- JONES MARK C. FOX ROBERTO FIACCHINO RONALD J. FOV,'LER MORRIS BUSH ALBERT D. FALLOWS

Chief, COMAIRSOUTH ADVON, Ismir, Turkey Chief, CINCSOUTH I^-iscn Office ; : ACOS LO Dt'P ACOS LO A'JOtl P U Dep ACCS P&A 0-^. trailer Air Ac* 'utant General

Lt Colonel Major Lt Colonel Captain Generalo DA Generale DB

WALTER R. PURPUS EDWIN T. HETCOOD ROBERT J. MORRIS MARIO IiOSCHINO RANIl^ CLTIl I ARlliKDO PI P. AG I NO

F I O CO Hq Command CO 7233d Hq Spt Sq O I'"-- * in.Element

-. ^r 56-th TAF Dor. Zc~..C.T 56th TAF.

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