Microcontrollers Laboratory

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1. INTRODUCTION TO KEIL VISION IDE

Keil Vision IDE is a window-based software development platform for 8051 and ARM

microcontrollers that combines a robust and modern editor with a project manager and make facilitytool. It integrates all the tools needed to develop embedded applications including a C/C++ compiler,

macro assembler, linker/locator, and a HEX file generator.

Vision GUI

The Vision GUI provides menus for selecting commands and toolbars with command buttons. The

Status Bar, at the bottom of the window, displays information and messages about the current

Vision command. Windows can be relocated and docked to another physical screen. The window

layout is saved for each project automatically and restored the next time the project is used. You canrestore the default layout using the menu Window Reset View to Defaults.

Vision has two operating modes, the Build Mode for creating applications and the Debug Mode for

analyzing applications, which offers additional Windows and Dialogs.

Debug Windows and Dialogs

Vision provides many debugging windows and dialogs. Some of them are

Breakpoints- Define stop conditions for program execution.

Code Coverage- Examine statistics about code execution, including branch testing.

Command Window- Enter and view executed commands.

Disassembly Window- Test programs at the level of assembly instructions.

Logic Analyzer - Investigate value changes of peripherals, registers, and variables on a time

graph.

Memory Map- Evaluate memory areas and their access rights.

Memory Window - Analyze and modify memory content.

Performance Analyzer - Evaluate time and call statistics on module or function level.

Registers Window- view and modify register content.

Serial Window is a communication interface between the application and the PC.

Status Bar - View debugging status information. Symbols Window- Find debug symbol information used in program.

System Viewer Find peripheral register information and change property values at runtime.

Toolbox Use and define configurable buttons for executing debugging commands

interactively.

Ex. No. 1

07-09-2015


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Introduction to Keil Vision IDE

F

ig1.1:KeilIDEshowingthevariou

sWindowsavailable


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Working with Keil Vision IDE

Getting started

1.OpenKeil Vision ,Click Project New Vision Project.

2.Type a name and save the project file

Fig.1.3

Fig.1.2:Creation of new project


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3.Select Device for target as AT89S51as shown in Fig. 1.4

Fig.1.4

4.Right click Source Group 1 and select Add new Item to Source Group 1

Fig.1.5


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In

Choose file type as ASM ,name the fil

Fig. 1.

5.Type the code ,press F7/Bulid icon

In Debug mode various simulations c

Analyzer,etc.,Register and Memory s

troduction to Keil Vision IDE

le and click Add

.6

and Ctrl+F5 / Debug icon

Fig.1. 7

an be done with variety of tools like Logic Analyz

tatus can be viewed during execution.

er, Performance


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Logic Analyzer

To perform Logic Analysis,Click View Analysis WindowLogic Analyzer as shown in Fig 1.8

Fig. 1.8

The Logic Analyzer Window opens up.Click Setup and configure as shown below to observe waveform at P1.0

Fig. 9: Logic Analyzer Setup


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In

Output waveform will be displayed a

Performance Analyzer

To perform analysis of variou

Analyzer

Click Setup and configure as

Fig. 1.11: Setup Performa

Output of performance is sh

are shown to pave way for o


s

Fig. 1.10: Logic Analyzer

s parts of the program,Click View Analysis W

follows

nce Analyzer

wn. Average execution time of a function and v

timization

Fig. 1.12: Performance Analyzer

indowPerformance

arious other parameters


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In

Register Window

Memory Window

To access Memory Window,

We can view both code mem

Code memory contains the o

To access code memory or d

Eg: C:0x00 D:0x00

Fig. 1.14 : Memory Window showi

To access Register Window

Register Window .

Register window displays t

Accumulator A ,register B,re

to R7,Program Status W

Pointer(DPTR),Stack Point

counter(PC),etc.,This ma

debugging easier


Click View Memory Window Memory 1

ory as well as data memory.

pcodes.Data memory contains the contents of R

ta memory,use C: or D: followed by address.

g Code Memory

,Click View

he contents of

gisters from R0

ord(PSW),Data

er(SP),Program

es program

Fig. 1 .13 : Regi

Fig. 1.15 : Memory Windo

AM.

ter Window

showing Data Memory


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In

Disassembly Window

Click View Disassembly

Disassembly Window shows

Fig. 1.

Serial Window

Click View Serial Windows

This is useful for simulating S

Fig. 1.17 : Seria

Breakpoints

Program can be made to sto

registers at that point.

To insert a breakpoint place

remove the breakpoint.

Multiple breakpoints can be i


indow.

the opcodes for each instruction.

.16: Disassembly Window

UART #1

erial communication before downloading it to

l Window

at a particular instruction so as to know the sta

on a particular line or instruction and press F9.P

inserted and program will stop at breakpoints w

icrocontroller.

tus of memory and

ressing F9 again will

en run.


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Fig. 1.18 Program having breakpoints at Line 4,11 and 13

Generating HEX file

To download the compiled program into the 8051 ,HEX file needs to be generated.To generate HEX

file ,click Flash Configure Flash Tools

Fig. 1.19

A dialog box opens up.Click the Output tab and check in Create HEX fileoption.ClickOK.

Fig.1.20


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In

Press F7/Bulid icon . Generated

Fig. 1.21 : HEX f

Fig.1. 22:Conte

Writing a sample program for blinki

Additional software required: DLL f

ALGORITHM:

1. Start

2. Load 0xFF to Port 1.

3. Call Delay routine.

4. Load 0x00 to Port 0.

5. Call Delay routine.

6. Goto Start


HEX file can be found in the Objects folder

ile in Objects folder

nts of the HEX file

g 8 LEDs connected to PORT 1 of 8051 periodic

iles for LED simulation ( LED_CONTROL.DLL and

ally in Keil Vision IDE.

LED_DATABASE.CDB )


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PROGRAM:

ORG 0x0000

START:MOV P1,#0xFFACALL DELAY

MOV P1,#0x00

ACALL DELAY

AJMP START

DELAY:MOV R0,#0xFF

L2:MOV R1,#0xFF

L1:DJNZ R1,L1

DJNZ R0,L2

RET

SIMULATION:

Create a new project , add a new assembly file, type the above code and save it.

To simulate the blink LED program, we have to download DLL for LED control from Keil website.

Copy the LED_CONTROL.DLL and LED_DATABASE.CDB file to Keil\C51\BIN directory.

Add this line to [C51] section of Tools.ini in Keil directory.

AGSI2=LED_CONTROL.DLL ("LED simulation")

Restart Keil Vision IDE.

With the project open, press Ctrl+F5 to Enter debug mode.

Click Peripherals LED. The LED Window opens up.

Right Click and select add LED.New LED window opens up as shown in Fig. 1.23

Fig. 1.23


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In

Setup the pins for LED as sho

Similarly do the same for P1.

Press F5 to run the program.

RESULT:

Thus the development, debugging fe

LED was executed.


wn in Fig 1.24

Fig. 1.24

1 ,P1.2,.P1.7

Fig. 1.25

atures of Keil Vision IDE were studied and a sa

ple program for blinking


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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING IN 8051

A.Timers /Counters

AIM:

i. To operate the timer0 in mode 0 and generate square wave of 66 % duty cycle.

ii. To operate the timer1 in mode 2 and generate a delay of 100 s.

iii. Count clock pulses on P3.4 (T0 pin) and put it on Port 2

PROGRAM:

i. For generating square wave of 66 % duty cyle using timer 0 in mode 0

L1:

SETB P1.5

ACALL DELAY1

CLR P1.5

ACALL DELAY2

SJMP L1

DELAY1:

MOV TH0,#0x00 ;8 bit TH0 value

MOV TL0,#0x00 ;5 bit TL0 value

SETB TR0 ;Start timer

L2: JNB TF0,L2 ;Poll TF0 flag

CLR TR0

CLR TF0

RET

DELAY2:

MOV TH0,#0x80 ;8 bit TH0 value

MOV TL0,#0x00 ;5 bit TL0 value

SETB TR0 ;Start timer

L3: JNB TF0,L3 ;Poll TF0 flag

CLR TR0

CLR TF0

RET

OUTPUT:

Figure 2.2 Waveform at P1.5

Ex No.2

10-10-2015


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PROGRAM:

MOV TMOD,#0x20 ;Timer 1 in 8 bit autoreload mode (mode 2)

MOV TH1,#-92 ;100 s /1.085 s = 92 , 11.0592MHz ==> 1.085 s

LOOP:SETB P1.2

ACALL DELAY

CLR P1.2

ACALL DELAY

SJMP LOOP

DELAY:SETB TR1 ;Start timer 1

L1:JNB TF1,L1 ; Poll TF1 flagCLR TF1

CLR TR1

RET

OUTPUT:

Figure 2.3 Timer 1 registers


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PROGRAM:

MOV TMOD,#0x50 ; Counter 1 ,8 bit mode

MOV TH1,#0x00 ; Autoreload value

SETB P3.5

AGAIN:SETB TR1

BACK:MOV A,TL1

MOV P2,A

JNB TF1,BACK

CLR TR1

CLR TF1SJMP AGAIN

OUTPUT:

Figure 2.5


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B.Serial CommunicationAIM:

To turn on and turn off LEDs connected at PORT 1 by using serial communication. If y is sent LEDs are turned on

and if n is sent LEDs are turned off.Acknowledgment messages are also end.

PROGRAM:ORG 0x00

MOV TMOD,#0x20 ; Timer 1, 8 bit autoreload

MOV SCON,#0x50 ; 8 bit,1 stop bit,Receive enabled

MOV TH1,#-3 ; 9600 baud rate for 11.0592 MHz

SETB TR1

WAIT:JNB RI,WAIT ;Poll RI flag bit

MOV R0,SBUF

CLR RI

CJNE R0,#'y',C1 ;If y turn on LED

MOV P1,#0x00

SJMP DISPLAY_ON

C1:CJNE R0,#'n',C2 ;If n turn off LED

MOV P1,#0xFF

SJMP DISPLAY_OFF

C2:SJMP WAIT

STRING1:DB "LEDs ON",10,0

STRING2:DB "LEDs OFF",10,0

DISPLAY_ON:MOV DPTR,#STRING1

SJMP SEND

DISPLAY_OFF:MOV DPTR,#STRING2

SJMP SEND

SEND:CLR A

MOVC A,@A+DPTR

JZ WAIT

MOV SBUF,A ;Place character to be transmitted in SBUF

WT:JNB TI,WT ;Poll TI flag bit

CLR TI

INC DPTR

SJMP SEND


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OUTPUT:

Figure 2.6 (a) Serial Communication

Figure 2.6 (b) Serial Communication


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C.Interrupts

AIM:

To write a program for demonstrating external interrupt (edge triggered at P3.2) , timer overflow interrupt(Timer 0)

and serial communication interrupt.

PROGRAM:

ORG 0x0000 ;RESET INTERRUPT

LJMP MAIN

ORG 0x0003 ;EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 0

CPL P1.0

RETI

ORG 0x000B ;TIMER 0 OVERFLOW INTERRUPT

CPL P1.1RETI

ORG 0x0023 ;SERIAL COMMUNICATION INTERRUPT

LJMP SERIAL_ISR

ORG 0x0030

MAIN:

MOV SCON,#0x50

MOV IE,#0x93 ;ENABLE EXT ,TIMER 0 , SERIAL INTERRUPT

MOV TMOD,#0x22

MOV TH0,#0x00

MOV TH1,#-3SETB TR0

SETB TR1

SETB IT0 ;EDGE TRIGERRED EXT. INTERRUPT

HERE:SJMP HERE

SERIAL_ISR:

CLR RI

MOV R0,SBUF

CJNE R0,#'y',C1

MOV P2,#0x00

C1:CJNE R0,#'n',C2

MOV P2,#0xFF

C2:RETI


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External interrupt toggles the LED connected with P1.0 , timer overflow interrupt will generate square wave P1.1

and serial interrupt for turning ON and OFF LEDs at Port 2

OUTPUT:

Figure 2.7(a) Windows showing Interrupts,Serial Communication

Figure 2.6(b) Windows showing Interrupts,Serial Communication


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RESULT:

Thus programs for Timers/Counters, Serial Communication and Interrupts were written in assembly andsimulated using Keil Vision IDE.


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A. Timers /Counters

AIM:

i. To operate the timer0 in mode 0 and generate square wave of 66 % duty cycle.



PROGRAM:

i. For generating square wave of 66 % duty cycle using timer 0 in mode 0

C CODE:

#include

void delay1();

void delay2();

void main()

{

while(1)

{

P1|=(1


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C PROGRAMMING IN 8051

OUTPUT:



C CODE:

#include

void delay();

void main()

{

TH1=-92; // 100 s/1.085 s = 92 for 11.592 MHz

TMOD=0x20;

while(1)

{

P1|=(1


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OUTPUT:

Figure 3.2 (a) Timer registers

Figure 3.2 (b) Timer registers


C CODE:

#includevoid main()

{

TMOD=0x50; //Counter 1 ,Mode 1

TH1=0x00;

T0=1;

while(1)

{

TR1=1;

while(!TF1)

P2=TL1;

TR1=0;

TF1=0;}

}


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OUTPUT:

Figure 3.3 Counter output


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B. Serial CommunicationAIM:

To turn on and turn off LEDs connected at PORT 1 by using serial communication. If y is sent LEDs are turned on

and if n is sent LEDs are turned off.Acknowledgment messages LEDs ON and LEDs OFF are also sent.

C CODE:

#include

void Serial_Init();

void Serial_Str_Transmit(char *);

char Serial_Char_Receive();

void main()

{

char ch;

Serial_Init();

while(1)

{

ch=Serial_Char_Receive();

switch(ch)

{

case 'y':

P1=0x00;

Serial_Str_Transmit("LEDs ON\n");

break;

case 'n':

P1=0xFF;

Serial_Str_Transmit("LEDs OFF\n");

break;

}

}

}

void Serial_Init()

{

TMOD=0x20;

SCON=0x50;

TH1=-3; // 9600 baud rate for 11.0592 MHz

TR1=1;

}

char Serial_Char_Receive()

{

while(!RI); //Poll RI flag

RI=0; //Clear RI flag

return(SBUF);

}


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void Serial_Str_Transmit(char *p)

{

while(*p!='\0')

{

SBUF=*p;

while(!TI); //Poll TI flag

TI=0;

p++;

}

}

OUTPUT:

Figure 3.4 Serial Communication


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C. Interrupts

AIM:

To write a program for demonstrating external interrupt (edge triggered at P3.2) , timer overflow interrupt(Timer 0)

and serial communication interrupt.

C CODE:

#include

void Serial_Init();

void Interrupt_Init();

void Timer0_Init();

void main()

{

Serial_Init();Interrupt_Init();

Timer0_Init();

while(1); // Wait forever

}

void Serial_Init()

{

TMOD=0x20;

SCON=0x50;

TH1=-3;

TR1=1;

}

void Interrupt_Init()

{

IE=0x93;

IT0=1;

}

void Timer0_Init()

{

TMOD|=0x02;

TR0=1;

}

void ext_int0(void) interrupt 0 //Ext.Interrupt 0

{

P1^=(1


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void serial_int(void) interrupt 4 //Serial Interrupt

{

RI=0;

if(SBUF=='y')

P2=0x00;

if(SBUF=='n')

P2=0xFF;

}

External interrupt toggles the LED connected with P1.0 , timer overflow interrupt will generate square wave P1.1

and serial interrupt for turning ON and OFF LEDs at Port 2

OUTPUT:

Figure 3.5 External ,Timer and Serial Communication interrupt

RESULT:

Thus assembly and C programs for Timers/Counters, Serial Communication and Interrupts in 8051

microcontroller were written and simulated using Keil Vision IDE.


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AIM:

i. To turn on only RED LED (P1.4) when key 1(P2.0) is pressed and turn only GREEN LED(P1.5)

when key 2(P2.1) is pressed

ii. To produce a single beep sound when key 1 is pressed and a double beep sound when key 2 is

pressed.

iii. To interface HD44780 compatible 16 2 LCD display in 8 bit mode.

iv. To interface a 4 4 Matrix keypad.

PROGRAM:

i. To write a program to turn on only RED LED (P1.4) when key 1(P2.0) is pressed and turn only

GREEN LED(P1.5) when key 2(P2.1) is pressed.

#include

sbit RED =P1^4;

sbit GREEN =P1^5;

sbit KEY1=P2^0;

sbit KEY2=P2^1;

void main()

{

while(1)

{

if(!KEY1){

RED=0;

GREEN=1;

}

if(!KEY2)

{

RED=1;

GREEN=0;

}

}

4. INTERFACING HARDWARE WITH 8051Ex No : 4

16-11-15


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INTERFACING HARDWARE WITH 8051

15EE51 Microcontrollers Laboratory Page 31

OUTPUT:

ii. To produce a beep sound when key 1 is pressed and a beep sound twice when key 2 is

pressed.

#include

void beep();

void delay_ms(int d);

sbit BUZZER = P3^4;

void main()

{

while(1)

{

if(!KEY1)

{

beep();

}

if(!KEY2)

{beep();

delay_ms(200);

beep();

}

}

Fig 4.1 RED LED glowing when Key1 is pressed Fig 4.2 GREEN LED glowing when Key2 is pressed


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void beep()

{

unsigned char i = 25;

while (i--)

{

BUZZER = !BUZZER;

delay(5);

}

}

void delay_ms(int d)

{

int i;

TCON=0x01;

for(i=0;i


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void main()

{

RW=0;

LCD_Init();

LCD_PrintStr("Jabez Winston");

delay_ms(1000);LCD_SetCursor(1,0);

LCD_PrintChar("Jagdeesh");

while(1);

}

void LCD_Init()

{

delay_ms(100);

LCD_Cmd(0x38);

delay_ms(10);

LCD_Cmd(0x0C);

LCD_Cmd(0x06);

LCD_Cmd(CLEAR);

}

void LCD_SetCursor(char r,char c)

{

switch(r)

{

case 0: LCD_Cmd(0x80+c);

break;

case 1: LCD_Cmd(0xC0+c);

break;

}

}

void LCD_Cmd(char cmd)

{

EN=0;

RS=0;P1=cmd;

EN=1;

delay_ms(10);

EN=0;

}


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void LCD_Data(char ch)

{

EN=0;

RS=1;

P1=ch;EN=1;

delay_ms(10);

EN=0;

}

void LCD_PrintChar(char ch)

{

LCD_Cmd(ch);

}

void LCD_PrintStr(char *s)

{

while(*s)

LCD_PrintChar(*s++);

}

void delay_ms(int d)

{

int i;

TCON=0x01;

for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

Figure 4.3 Two strings printed on LCD

iv. To interface a 4 4 Matrix keypad.

#include

unsigned char get_key();

void lcd_init();

void lcd_printc(char);void lcd_prints(char);

void lcd_clear();

void lcd_write_cmd(unsigned char );

void lcd_write_data(unsigned char );

void delay(int);

sbit LCD_RS = P2^4;

sbit LCD_WR = P2^5;

sbit LCD_EN = P2^6;

int x;

char a[4][4]={"123E",

"456U",

"789D",

"*0#e"};


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void main()

{

lcd_init();

while(1){

while(get_key()==-1);

x=get_key();

lcd_printc(x);

delay(100);

}

}

unsigned char get_key()

{

unsigned char i,j,k;

for(i=0;i


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}

void lcd_printc(char a_char)

{

lcd_write_data(a_char);

}

void lcd_prints(char *string)

{

while (*string)

lcd_printc(*string++);

}

void lcd_clear()

{

lcd_write_cmd(0x01);

}

void lcd_write_cmd(unsigned char cmd)

{

delay(10);

LCD_WR = 0;

LCD_EN = 0;

LCD_RS = 0; // Reset LCD_RS for Command

P0 = cmd;

LCD_EN = 1; // Pulse LCD_EN

LCD_EN = 0;

LCD_WR = 1;

}

void lcd_write_data(unsigned char val)

{

delay(10);

LCD_WR = 0;

LCD_EN = 0;

LCD_RS = 1; // SET LCD_RS for DATA

P0 = val;

LCD_EN = 1; // Pulse LCD_ENLCD_EN = 0;

LCD_WR = 1;

}


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void delay(unsigned int dval)

{

TMOD &= 0xF0;

TMOD |= 0x01;while (dval) {

TR0 = 0;

TF0 = 0;

TH0 = 0xFA;

TL0 = 0x00;

TR0 = 1;

while (TF0 == 0);

dval--;

}

TR0 = 0;

}

Fig 4.4 Matrix keypad and 16 x 2 LCD display

RESULT:

Thus LED,buzzer,matrix keypad and LCD were interfaced with 8051 starter kit.

Microcontrollers Laboratory

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