Microclimate and Mosquitos Across an Urban...
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Microclimate and Mosquitos Across an Urban Gradient Michelle V. Evans 1 , Kerri Miazgowicz 2 , Blanka Tesla 2 , Courtney C. Murdock 1,2 Does microclimate across an urban landscape influence mosquito emergence & population growth rate? Microclimate and Mosquitoes Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus • Invasive in Eastern US • Vector of chikungunya & Zika • Anthropophilic Mosquito emergence rates were analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazard model, clustering by pot replicate to control for variation. Models were fit to minimize AIC using a multidirectional stepwise algorithm. Mosquito Emergence & Growth Experimental Set-Up x 3 x 3 x 3 · Rural, suburban, and urban sites were chosen based on their percentage of impervious surface · Placed six pots in a 30 x 30 m area at each site · Replicated in the summer and fall of 2015 · Collected fine-scale adult and larval temperature and relative humidity data of each pots’ microclimate 30 1 st instar larvae 300 ml leaf infusion collected adults as they emerged daily measured wing length 9 sites Objectives • Characterize microclimate across an urban landscape • Identify the influence of land-class on larval emergence • Calculate mosquito population growth rates across land classes and their respective microclimates 0 5 10 15 20 25 Day of Experiment % Emerged 0 25 50 75 100 Rural Suburban Urban Fall Replicate Summer Replicate 40% decrease in likelihood of emergence at urban sites (β summer =-0.42, β fall = -0.62, p-value <0.01) 28% increase in likelihood of emergence with each 1°C increase in fall maximum temperature ( β=0.25, p-value<0.05) Per-capita growth curves were calculated from the emergence rate and wing size of females from each pot using the composite index 3 . We analyzed the effect of land-use, season, and microclimate on r with a mixed-effects model, treating pot as a random factor. Error bars represent standard error. ● ● ● 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 Land Class r ● ● ● Rural Suburban Urban Growth rate (r) was higher in the fall Fall Summer 2x higher in the fall than the summer Temperature has a significant negative relationship with growth rate 1 Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 2 Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Emergence rates were higher in the fall Adults began emerging earlier in the summer Rural and suburban sites had similar emergence rates Landscape-scale studies of vector-borne disease are often based on coarse measures of climate such as weather station data, failing to incorporate fine scale heterogeneity . Urban landscapes, in particular, have heterogeneous microclimate profiles (e.g. the urban heat island effect) driven by factors such as the amount of impervious surface or housing density. Mosquitoes are especially sensitive to this fine scale variation in microclimate , particularly temperature 1 . Warmer temperatures may lead to a shorter larval development time and smaller body size 2 (a proxy for female fecundity), decreasing the population growth rate. Ultimately, these changes in mosquito population dynamics across the landscape due to microclimate will correspond to spatial changes in disease risk. 18% decrease in likelihood of emergence with each 1°C increase in summer minimum temperature ( β=-0.19, p-value<0.05) • Effect of temperature differed by season, with warmer temperatures decreasing emergence in the summer and increasing emergence in the fall • Higher temperatures at urban sites may decrease emergence through increased larval mortality • Rectify mismatching of scale between weather station data and microclimate • Survey land classes for measures of Ae. albopictus growth rates in the field • Quantify effects of land class and microclimate on vector competence References [1] Cator, L. J., S. Thomas, K. P. Paaijmans, S. Ravishankaran, J. A. Justin, M. T. Mathai, A. F. Read, M. B. Thomas, and A. Eapen. 2013. Characterizing microclimate in urban malaria transmission settings: a case study from Chennai, India. Malaria Journal 12:1–1. [2] Angilleta, M. J., T. D. Steury, and M. W. Sears. 2004. Temperature, growth rate, and body size in ectotherms: fitting pieces of a life- history puzzle. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44:498–509. [3] Livdahl, T. P., and G. Sugihara. 1984. Non-Linear Interactions of Populations and the Importance of Estimating Per Capita Rates of Change. The Journal of Animal Ecology 53:573–580. Urban heat island effect in Athens, GA Rural Suburban Urban Plot of mosquito adult environmental temperature (i.e. ambient) in Athens, GA in 2015. Bolded line represents the daily mean temperature by land class, and dotted lines are the daily minimum and maximum. The urban sites have warmer mean and minimum temperatures over the whole season. Jul Aug Sep Oct 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Date Temperature (C) Summer Trial Fall Trial Future Directions Microclimate influences mosquito dynamics, with warmer temperatures in urban areas leading to lower emergence and growth rates. 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Transcript of Microclimate and Mosquitos Across an Urban...
Microclimate and Mosquitos Across an Urban GradientMichelle V. Evans1, Kerri Miazgowicz2, Blanka Tesla2, Courtney C. Murdock1,2
Does microclimate across an urban landscape influence mosquito emergence & population growth rate?
Microclimate and MosquitoesAsian Tiger Mosquito
Aedes albopictus
• Invasive in Eastern US• Vector of chikungunya & Zika• Anthropophilic
Mosquito emergence rates were analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazard model, clustering by pot replicate to control for variation.Models were fit to minimize AIC using a multidirectional stepwise algorithm.
Mosquito Emergence & Growth
Experimental Set-Up
x 3
x 3
x 3
· Rural, suburban, and urban sites were chosen based ontheir percentage of impervious surface· Placed six pots in a 30 x 30 m area at each site· Replicated in the summer and fall of 2015· Collected fine-scale adult and larval temperature andrelative humidity data of each pots’ microclimate
30 1st instar larvae
300 ml leaf infusion
collected adults as they emerged
daily
measured wing length
9 sites
Objectives• Characterize microclimate across an urban landscape• Identify the influence of land-class on larval emergence• Calculate mosquito population growth rates across land classes and
their respective microclimates
0 5 10 15 20 25Day of Experiment
% E
mer
ged
0
25
50
75
100RuralSuburbanUrban Fall Replicate
Summer Replicate
40% decrease in likelihood of emergence at urban sites (βsummer=-0.42, βfall = -0.62, p-value <0.01)
28%increase in likelihood of emergence with each 1°C increase in fall maximum temperature (β=0.25, p-value<0.05)
Per-capita growth curves were calculated from the emergence rate and wing size of females from each pot using the compositeindex3. We analyzed the effect of land-use, season, and microclimate on r with a mixed-effects model, treating pot as a randomfactor. Error bars represent standard error.
●●
●
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
Land Class
r
●●
●
Rural Suburban Urban
Growth rate (r) was higher in the fall
Fall
Summer
2x higher in the fall than the summer
Temperature has a significant negative relationship with
growth rate
1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 2Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
Emergence rates were higher in the fall
Adults began emerging earlier in the summer
Rural and suburban sites had similar emergence rates
Landscape-scale studies of vector-bornedisease are often based on coarsemeasures of climate such as weatherstation data, failing to incorporate finescale heterogeneity. Urban landscapes,in particular, have heterogeneousmicroclimate profiles (e.g. the urbanheat island effect) driven by factorssuch as the amount of impervious surface or housing density. Mosquitoes are especially sensitive to this fine scale variation in microclimate, particularly temperature1. Warmer temperatures may lead to a shorter larval development time and smaller body size2 (a proxy for female fecundity), decreasing the population growth rate. Ultimately, these changes in mosquito population dynamics across the landscape due to microclimate will correspond to spatial changes in disease risk.
18% decrease in likelihood of emergence with each 1°C increase in summer minimum temperature (β=-0.19, p-value<0.05)
• Effect of temperature differed by season, with warmer temperaturesdecreasing emergence in the summer and increasing emergence in the fall
• Higher temperatures at urban sites may decrease emergence throughincreased larval mortality
• Rectify mismatching of scale between weather station data and microclimate• Survey land classes for measures of Ae. albopictus growth rates in the field• Quantify effects of land class and microclimate on vector competence
References [1] Cator, L. J., S. Thomas, K. P. Paaijmans, S. Ravishankaran, J. A. Justin, M. T. Mathai, A. F. Read, M. B. Thomas, and A. Eapen. 2013. Characterizing microclimate in urban malaria transmission settings: a case study from Chennai, India. Malaria Journal 12:1–1.[2] Angilleta, M. J., T. D. Steury, and M. W. Sears. 2004. Temperature, growth rate, and body size in ectotherms: fitting pieces of a life-history puzzle. Integrative and Comparative Biology 44:498–509.[3] Livdahl, T. P., and G. Sugihara. 1984. Non-Linear Interactions of Populations and the Importance of Estimating Per Capita Rates of Change. The Journal of Animal Ecology 53:573–580.
Urban heat island effect in Athens, GARuralSuburbanUrban
Plot of mosquito adult environmental temperature (i.e. ambient) in Athens, GA in 2015. Bolded line represents the daily mean temperature by land class, and dotted lines are the daily minimum and maximum. The urban sites have warmer mean and minimum temperatures over the whole season.
Jul Aug Sep Oct
1015
2025
3035
40
Date
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
Summer Trial Fall Trial
Future Directions
Microclimate influences mosquito dynamics, with warmer temperatures in urban areas leading to lower emergence and growth rates.
Or go to the following url:
https://tinyurl.com/jatjspy
Scan the QR code to interactively explore the data on your phone or tablet…
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