MicrobialEnzyme:Applicationsin …Applicationsin IndustryandinBioremediation AlaneBeatrizVermelho,1...
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation Enzyme Research Volume 2012, Article ID 980681, 2 pages doi:10.1155/2012/980681 Editorial Microbial Enzyme: Applications in Industry and in Bioremediation Alane Beatriz Vermelho, 1 Claudiu T. Supuran, 2 and Jose M. Guisan 3 1 Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G´ oes, 21949-900 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universit´ aria, Ilha do Fund˜ ao, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Chim Bioorgan Lab, Universit` a degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy 3 Departamento de Biocat´ alisis, Instituto de Cat´ alisis, CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Correspondence should be addressed to Alane Beatriz Vermelho, [email protected] Received 8 December 2011; Accepted 8 December 2011 Copyright © 2012 Alane Beatriz Vermelho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This special issue is dedicated to the study of microbial enzymes and their applications in various industries. The biocatalytic uses for enzymes have grown immensely in recent years since they are ecologically correct, have a high specificity, present chemo-regio-enantio selectivity, and have a wide diversity of reactions. Moreover, the conditions to obtain and optimize the production of enzymes in terms of nutrients, pH, temperature, and aeration are easily con- trolled in bioreactors. Microorganisms can also be manip- ulated genetically to improve the desirable characteristics of a biocatalyzer. Additionally, the substrates used in the cultural medium are sustainable and industrial residuals can be used to produce value-added products. All these characteristics together have encouraged the ever-growing search for biocatalytic processes. The main industries that apply microbial enzymes are the food, textile, leather, phar- maceutical, cosmetics, fine chemicals, energy, biomaterials, paper, cellulose and detergent industries. Immobilization processes allow the reuse of these enzymes and increase stability. The enzymes and the microorganisms themselves have also been much used for bioremediation processes. In this issue, the paper by B. Joseph et al. is about the production of cold-active lipases by semisolid fermentation and the paper by A. L. Willerding et al. is a study about lipases obtained from microorganisms isolated from soils in the Amazon. Studies with lipases immobilized for the synthesis of isopropyl acetate and isopropyl ferulate are presented in the papers by M. Lal Verma et al., A. Kumar and S. S. Kanwar, respectively. The results of cellulase production optimization studies with cellulosic substrates and delignified Bambusa bambos are presented in the papers by D. Deka et al. and A. Kuila et al. The paper by R. C. Kuhad et al. is a review of the innumerous industrial applications of the cellulases. The papers entitled “Bioconversion of agricultural waste to ethanol by SSF using recombinant cellulase from clostridium thermocellum,” “Petroleum-degrading enzymes: bioremedia- tion and new prospects,” and “Assessment of the morphological, biochemical, and kinetic properties for Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrous niobium oxide to be used in the biodiesel synthesis” are about enzymes and biofuels: the use of a recombinant cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum for the production of ethanol from agro-industrial residues, a brief review on the role of enzymes that degrade oil, the use and description of the properties of a Candida rugosa lipase immobilized for the production of biodiesel. The paper entitled “Laccase: microbial sources, production, purification, and potential biotechnological applications” is a review of the industrial applications of laccases, while the “Isolation, purification, and characterization of fungal laccase from Pleurotus sp.” and “Application of asymetrical and Hoke designs for optimization of laccase production by the white- rot fungus Fomes fomentarius in solid-state fermentation” are studies on laccases from fungi and production optimization. The paper by A. Arsenault et al. shows that a laccase from Coriolopsis polyzona was insolubilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) for the first time with chitosan as the cross-linking agent. Also, within the laccase theme, the paper
Transcript of MicrobialEnzyme:Applicationsin …Applicationsin IndustryandinBioremediation AlaneBeatrizVermelho,1...
Hindawi Publishing CorporationEnzyme ResearchVolume 2012, Article ID 980681, 2 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/980681
Editorial
Microbial Enzyme: Applications inIndustry and in Bioremediation
Alane Beatriz Vermelho,1 Claudiu T. Supuran,2 and Jose M. Guisan3
1 Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, 21949-900 Universidade Federaldo Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ CCS, Bloco I, Cidade Universitaria, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2 Chim Bioorgan Lab, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Florence, Italy3 Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis, CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco,28049 Madrid, Spain
Correspondence should be addressed to Alane Beatriz Vermelho, [email protected]
Received 8 December 2011; Accepted 8 December 2011
Copyright © 2012 Alane Beatriz Vermelho et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
This special issue is dedicated to the study of microbialenzymes and their applications in various industries. Thebiocatalytic uses for enzymes have grown immensely inrecent years since they are ecologically correct, have a highspecificity, present chemo-regio-enantio selectivity, and havea wide diversity of reactions. Moreover, the conditions toobtain and optimize the production of enzymes in termsof nutrients, pH, temperature, and aeration are easily con-trolled in bioreactors. Microorganisms can also be manip-ulated genetically to improve the desirable characteristicsof a biocatalyzer. Additionally, the substrates used in thecultural medium are sustainable and industrial residualscan be used to produce value-added products. All thesecharacteristics together have encouraged the ever-growingsearch for biocatalytic processes. The main industries thatapply microbial enzymes are the food, textile, leather, phar-maceutical, cosmetics, fine chemicals, energy, biomaterials,paper, cellulose and detergent industries. Immobilizationprocesses allow the reuse of these enzymes and increasestability. The enzymes and the microorganisms themselveshave also been much used for bioremediation processes.
In this issue, the paper by B. Joseph et al. is about theproduction of cold-active lipases by semisolid fermentationand the paper by A. L. Willerding et al. is a study about lipasesobtained from microorganisms isolated from soils in theAmazon. Studies with lipases immobilized for the synthesisof isopropyl acetate and isopropyl ferulate are presented inthe papers by M. Lal Verma et al., A. Kumar and S. S. Kanwar,respectively.
The results of cellulase production optimization studieswith cellulosic substrates and delignified Bambusa bambosare presented in the papers by D. Deka et al. and A. Kuila et al.The paper by R. C. Kuhad et al. is a review of the innumerousindustrial applications of the cellulases.
The papers entitled “Bioconversion of agricultural waste toethanol by SSF using recombinant cellulase from clostridiumthermocellum,” “Petroleum-degrading enzymes: bioremedia-tion and new prospects,” and “Assessment of the morphological,biochemical, and kinetic properties for Candida rugosa lipase
immobilized on hydrous niobium oxide to be used in thebiodiesel synthesis” are about enzymes and biofuels: the use ofa recombinant cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum forthe production of ethanol from agro-industrial residues, abrief review on the role of enzymes that degrade oil, the useand description of the properties of a Candida rugosa lipaseimmobilized for the production of biodiesel.
The paper entitled “Laccase: microbial sources, production,purification, and potential biotechnological applications” is areview of the industrial applications of laccases, while the“Isolation, purification, and characterization of fungal laccasefrom Pleurotus sp.” and “Application of asymetrical and Hokedesigns for optimization of laccase production by the white-rot fungus Fomes fomentarius in solid-state fermentation” arestudies on laccases from fungi and production optimization.The paper by A. Arsenault et al. shows that a laccase fromCoriolopsis polyzona was insolubilized as cross-linked enzymeaggregates (CLEAs) for the first time with chitosan as thecross-linking agent. Also, within the laccase theme, the paper
2 Enzyme Research
entitled “VoEnzyme-catalyzed oxidation of 17β-estradiol usingimmobilized laccase from Trametes versicolor” is about theoxidation of 17β-estradiol using immobilized laccase fromTrametes versicolor. The paper by M. Neifar et al. is aboutthe decolorization of Solophenyl red 3BL (SR), a polyazodye extensively used in the textile industry using a laccase-mediator system. The last article about laccase, entitled“Improved laccase production by Trametes pubescens MB 89in distillery wastewaters,” is a study of its production byTrametes pubescens using distillery wastewaters.
The paper by A. S. Galdino et al. describes the char-acterization of amylases of the Cryptococcus flavus fungusexpressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The paper byI. Akpan et al. demonstrated the use of activated Charcoal inorder to recovery glucoamylase.
The paper by E. F. Ries and G. A. Macedo reports onthe improvement of phytase activity of a new strain of S.cerevisiae using optimization statistics.
The paper by A. Flores-Maltos et al. describes thecatalytical properties of free and immobilized Aspergillusniger tannase, and, in the paper by L. V. Rodrıguez-Duran etal., novel strategies for upstream and downstream processingof tannin acyl hydrolase are described.
The paper by M. F. S. Teixeira et al. shows the improve-ments that occur in cupuacu juice after treatment with crudeenzyme extract produced by Aspergillus japonicus 586 inthe food industry. The use of proteases with potential inthe food and animal feed industry are focused on in twoarticles: the one by B. Tchorbanov et al. describes the useof Lactobacillus LBL-4 proteases to remove the bitter taste ofproteinic hydrolysates, and the paper by A. M. Mazotto etal. describes how strains of Bacillus sp. were used to fermentfeather flour so that it could be transformed into moreeasily absorbed hydrolysates. And within the same theme, thepaper by F. C. Lopes et al. shows that a strain of Aspergillusniger was able to grow in feather meal producing proteasesand keratinases.
Optimization of the proteases from Bacillus licheniformisNCIM 2042 and the effect of different culture media onBacillus sp. isolated from soil sample of Lavizan Jungle Parkare focused on in the papers by B. Bhunia and A. Dey; L.Jabalameli and A. A. Sepahy, respectively.
The xylanase enzymes are described in the paper by A.A. Sepahy et al. that reports on the cost effective productionand optimization of this enzyme (alkaline xylanase) usingindigenous Bacillus mojavensis AG137 with agriculturalresidues.
In the paper by K. Praveen et al., the lignolytic enzymesof the mushroom Stereum ostrea, isolated from wood logs,are described.
Naringinase (NGase) is an enzyme complex with highpotential for the pharmaceutical and food industries. Thepaper by M. H. L. Ribeiro and M. Rabaca describes theprocess of enzyme immobilization with cross-linked enzymeaggregates (CLEAs). The enzymatic synthesis of the flavoneglucosides, prunin and isoquercetin, and the aglycones,naringenin, and quercetin, with selective α-l-rhamnosidaseand β-D-glucosidase activities of naringinase is described inthe paper by H. Vila-Real et al.
In the paper by J. de A. Figueira et al., a set of supports(Eupergit, Amberlite, alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol-PVA-) based matrices (Lentikats), and sol-gel) for the immo-bilization of a partially purified extract of β-glucosidase wasscreened.
The paper by S. Ou et al. describes the production offeruloyl esterase from Aspergillus niger by solid-state fermen-tation using different substrates, and the paper by S. Shuklaand A. Goyal identifies the hyperproductive strains of glucan.
We believe that this special issue that gathers togetherupdated studies under the theme “Microbial Enzyme: Appli-cations in Industry and in Bioremediation” offers an impor-tant contribution to microbial enzyme studies, encom-passing their production and optimization, immobilizationtechniques and, industrial applications. We would like tothank the collaboration of all the authors and the reviewersfor their analyses of the papers.
Alane Beatriz VermelhoClaudiu T. Supuran
Jose M. Guisan
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