MicrobesMicrobes

Unit 3: Week 1Unit 3: Week 1

MicrobiologyMicrobiology

Microbiology explores Microbiology explores microscopic organisms microscopic organisms including viruses, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, bacteria, protozoa, parasites and some parasites and some fungi and algae. fungi and algae.

Each of these Each of these organisms lack tissue organisms lack tissue differentiation, are differentiation, are unicellular and exhibit unicellular and exhibit diversity in form and diversity in form and size. size.

VirusesViruses

1.Nonliving particles 1.Nonliving particles that are made of that are made of nucleic acid (DNA or nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein RNA) and a protein coat. coat.

2.Need a host cell to 2.Need a host cell to reproducereproduce

Flu Attack: How a Virus Invades Your BoFlu Attack: How a Virus Invades Your Body Video Clipdy Video Clip

VirusesViruses

Viruses invade healthy Viruses invade healthy cells and use the cells and use the enzymes and enzymes and organelles of the host organelles of the host cell to make more cell to make more viruses, usually killing viruses, usually killing those cells in the those cells in the process. process.

VirusesViruses

Viral diseases are among the most Viral diseases are among the most widespread illnesses in humans. widespread illnesses in humans.

These illnesses range from mild fevers to These illnesses range from mild fevers to some forms of cancer or other fatal some forms of cancer or other fatal diseases.diseases.

Transmission of viruses vary; some by Transmission of viruses vary; some by human contact and others through water human contact and others through water or an insect bite. or an insect bite.

West Nile VirusWest Nile Virus

VirusesViruses

3.Vaccines and 3.Vaccines and some anti-viral some anti-viral drugs are used to drugs are used to prevent the spread prevent the spread of viral diseases.of viral diseases.

BacteriaBacteria

1. Prokaryotic, single celled organisms1. Prokaryotic, single celled organisms Can live in a variety of places (with or Can live in a variety of places (with or

without oxygen, hot or cold, etc). without oxygen, hot or cold, etc).

2.Bacteria reproduce through binary 2.Bacteria reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. fission, a form of asexual reproduction.

Bacteria can grow and divide very Bacteria can grow and divide very rapidly. rapidly.

Binary FissionBinary Fission

Binary Fission Video ClipBinary Fission Video Clip

BacteriaBacteria

Antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth Antibiotics are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria. of bacteria.

Because antibiotics have been overused, Because antibiotics have been overused, many diseases that were once easy to many diseases that were once easy to treat are becoming more difficult to treat. treat are becoming more difficult to treat.

3.Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs 3.Antibiotic resistance in bacteria occurs when mutant bacteria survive treatment when mutant bacteria survive treatment and give rise to a resistant population. and give rise to a resistant population.

Fungi Fungi

1. Eukaryotic (have a nucleus), 1. Eukaryotic (have a nucleus), nonphotosynthetic organisms and most nonphotosynthetic organisms and most are multicellular heterotrophs. are multicellular heterotrophs.

2. Most can reproduce both sexually and 2. Most can reproduce both sexually and asexually, producing spores (this gives it asexually, producing spores (this gives it an advantage) an advantage)

FungiFungi

When the environment is favorable, rapid When the environment is favorable, rapid asexual reproduction ensures an asexual reproduction ensures an increased spread of the species.increased spread of the species.

During environmental stress, sexual During environmental stress, sexual reproduction causes genetic reproduction causes genetic recombination, increasing the liklihood recombination, increasing the liklihood that offspring will be better adapted to that offspring will be better adapted to new conditions. new conditions.

FungiFungi

3. Can attack tissues of 3. Can attack tissues of plants and animals and plants and animals and causes disease. causes disease.

Major concern for humans Major concern for humans because fungi not only because fungi not only attack us, but also our attack us, but also our food, making fungi food, making fungi competitors with humans competitors with humans for nutrients. for nutrients.

FungiFungi

Mold spores can Mold spores can cause mild to cause mild to serious allergies in serious allergies in some people. some people. Billions of mold Billions of mold spores can become spores can become airborne and may airborne and may then be inhaled, then be inhaled, triggering a reaction. triggering a reaction.

ParasitesParasites

1.1. An organism that feeds on another An organism that feeds on another individual, known as the “host” (either individual, known as the “host” (either live on or in the host’s body).live on or in the host’s body).

2. Natural selection favors adaptations that 2. Natural selection favors adaptations that allow a parasite to exploit its host allow a parasite to exploit its host (anatomically and physiologically).(anatomically and physiologically).

ParasitesParasites

Ex. Tapeworms are so specialized for a Ex. Tapeworms are so specialized for a parasitic lifestyle that they do not even parasitic lifestyle that they do not even have a digestive system. have a digestive system.

They live in the small intestine of their They live in the small intestine of their host and absorb nutrients directly through host and absorb nutrients directly through their skin.their skin.

ParasitesParasites

3. Infectious disease may also be caused by 3. Infectious disease may also be caused by animal parasites, which may take up residence animal parasites, which may take up residence in the intestines, bloodstream or tissues. in the intestines, bloodstream or tissues. Ewwww. Ewwww.

Tapeworms are common in dogs and cats Tapeworms are common in dogs and cats (from fleas) and they can pass on to humans (from fleas) and they can pass on to humans (cucumber like seeds in poop-gross!!!).(cucumber like seeds in poop-gross!!!).

Many remedies exist to kill worms if you do Many remedies exist to kill worms if you do become infected. become infected.