Micro Final Bacteria Table

7/31/2019 Micro Final Bacteria Table

1/10

Genus General Morphology Morphology onculture media

Pathogenesiscommon diseases

Extras

Staphylococcus Aureus

(Phylum:

Firmicutes)

Gram-posi*ve0.5-1.0mSingly / pairsIrregular grape likeclusters

Tolerate rela*velyhigh c. of sodium

chlorideCoagulase posi*ve

usually

Human nasal cavityOr skin

Causes pus lledinamma*on:

abscesses

Systemic infec*onsinclude sep*cemia

Produce enterotoxin:food poisoning

Produce TSST-1 (shocksyndrome)

StaphylococcusSaprophy0cus,

epidermis,haemoly0cus, hominis

Abovewri en Coagulase nega*ve various

Beta Streptococci(one by one below)

(Phylum: Firmicutes)

Gram-posi*ve

0.5-1.0 m in pairs orchains

Isolated on blood

agar

various classica*on based

on Hemolysis andLanceeld system

StreptococcusPyogenes

Refers to the Betagroup

Serologic group AShows betahemolysis

Pharyngi*s,respiratory tract in

general, skininfec*on

Group A beta gives alsorheuma*c fever and

acuteglomerulonephri*s,

exotoxin B: necro*zing

fascii*s

StreptococcusPneumoniae

Gram-posi*ve0.5-1.2m lancedshaped, typicaldiplococcus

Require enrichedmedia and increased

CO2 tensionOPTOCHIN sensivity

Normally found innasopharynx,

triggers pneumonia

Capsule serves asvirulence factor,

enabling resistance

StreptococcusViridians

Ten species Shows alphahemolysis or no H,

No Lanceeld Class.

Dominant normalora of upper resp.

tract

S.Mutans primarycause of dental

caries


2/10


3/10

Genus General Morphology Morphology onculture media


Extras

P s e u

d o m o n a s

Gram-nega*ve, non-fermenta*ve, rods or

coccobacilli, the humanpathogen is the

pseudomonas aeruginosa,oxidase posi*ve

Red colonies without blackcenter, pseudosel agar is

specic, s*mulate thebacteria to produce a

pyocyanin pigment (green-blue), fruity grapejuice-like

odor due to theaminoacetophenone.

O en inhabitants ofwater and soil, common

cause of nosocomialinfec*ons, could spread

in other sites, lowincidence of cases but

60% mortality

Opportunis*cpathogen, especially

dangerous todebilitated or

immunocompromised pa*ents. It alsorelease endotoxin

and R-plasmids

M y c o b a c t e r i a Rod shaped, 0,4-3.0m,

stained by acid-fastprocedure.

Acid-fast stain is animportant procedure,

Lowenstein-Jensenagar for M.tubercolosis

M. Tuberculosis is themost important,

typically inhaled aspar*cles, 1 infec*on

may be asymptoma*c,2 could spread a er 2

years.

Diagnosis of TBC:PPD test on skin,

Chest X-rays, acid-fast stain of sputum.

O b l i g a t e A n a e r o b e s Anaerobic, or fermenta*on.Normal ora of the body.

1. Bacteroides fragilis2. Bacterioides

melaninogenicus3. Fusobacterium

nucleatum

4. Clostridium perfrigens5. Anaerobic cocci

1. Most common, predominant in intes*nal tract, cause wound inf.2. Normal ora of UP resp. tract, gastrointes*nal, urinary.3. Normal ora of UP resp. tract, gastrointes*nal, urinary.4. Intes*nal tract, may cause gas gangrene, C.Tetanus causes tetanus,

C.botulinum causes botulism. (Isola*on: direct microscopic examina*on ofexudates, isola*on on blood agar, iden*ca*on in Litmus Milk medium)

5. Such as peptostreptococcus, peptococcus, Veillonella, normal ora of

the body.


4/10

Genus General Morphology Pathogenesiscommon diseases

Treatment,PrevenBon, Control

Extras

acillus Anthracis


Couples or longchains, 1x3-5m,

gives spores.Capsulated.

Skin, most common,gives edema, 20%

mortality.Respiratory, rare but

fatal. Gastrointes*nal,very rare, by spores

inges*on.

Penicillin. For allergicpa*ents, tetracicline,

cloranphenicol.Vacina*on of animals

in endemic areas.

Transmission human byhuman has not been

reported, it happens byair, or ea*ng inf. Meat. Itis an herbivores disease

acillus Cereus(Phylum: Firmicutes)

Uncapsulated, Gram+, beta hemoly*c,

gives spores.

Toxic infec*ons in food,gives nausea and

diarrhea. Gives twoenterotoxins: Heat-labile

and thermo-stable.

Penicillin resistant.Normal treatment in

gastroenteri*s or specialin an*bio*c resistantbacilli (vancomicine).

Listeriamonocytogenes


Gram+, short chainsor withstands. Nospores. Mo*le by

agella, notsynthe*zed above

37.

Mortality withouttreatment 25%, gives

sepsis, and varioussep*cemias.

Combina*ons ofAn*bio*c, complica*ons

are: meningi*s andblood poisoning. Food

hygiene is essen*al formof preven*on.

Can be found in soil,milk, vegetable,meat. Also

refrigerated foods,e.g. sh.

Corynebacterium

(Phylum:AcBnobacteriae)

Gram +,uncapsulated,

nonmo*le,pleiomorphs, no

spores

Diphtheria(e*ological agent)

Food hygiene Fish, unpasteurizedmilk

Food in general (keptnot in appropriate

condi*ons)


5/10



Extras

MycobacteriaTubercolosis

(AcBnobacteria)

Rod shaped, 0,4-3.0m,stained by acid-fast

procedure.

Acid-fast stain is animportant procedure,

Lowenstein-Jensen

agar forM.tubercolosis

M. Tuberculosis isthe most important,typically inhaled as

par*cles, 1 infec*onmay be asymptoma*c,2 could spread a er 2

years.

Diagnosis of TBC:PPD test on skin,

Chest X-rays, acid-

fast stain of sputum.

MycobacteriaLeprae

(AcBnobacteria)

Acid fast resistant bacilli.No cul*va*on on media,but detectable on slides

with special staining.

Leprosy,transmissionrespiratory,

incuba*on 2-10 years

Dapsona treat.Two forms,

lepromatus andtubercoloid

Most cases in Asia,Africa, Sud-America.Not animal sources.

GenusHaemophyllus

(Phylum:Proteobacteriaceae)

Polymorphic coccobacilli,Gram-, anaerobic,

capsulated, obligateparasites

Strains with capsule:virulent=meningi*s,

epiglo *s, sinusi*s, earinfec*ons in children.

Treatment:ampicilline, amino-

glycosides,tretraciclyne PRP

Vaccine

Present in mucousmembrane of

respiratory tract inhuman and animals

Genus

ordetella(Phylum:Proteobacteriaceae)

There are 3 types:

B.pertussis, parapertussis,bronchisep*cal.

Coccobacilli, 0,2-0,5x1m,Gram-, no spores, no

mo*les, aerobes'.

Culture media: starchBordet-Gengou, blood

and glycerol (CO2presence). An*gens: O,

K. Vaccine: DTP.

Symptoms: Catarrhal

stage, paroxysmalcoughing period,

convalescent phase.Tetracycline,macrolides,

cloranphenicol used.

Isolated from warm

blood, have affinity forRS mucosa. Staining withtoloudine (blue), 35-37 C

. Catalase+, notcarbohydratesfermenta*ons


6/10


Treatment,PrevenBon, Controll

Extras

Genus Shigella(Enterobatceriae)

(Phylum: Proteobacteria)

Lactose-, splitsglucose to acid assay

(MR+)

Factors ofadherence: mbriata,

LPZ, Microcapsule.Toxines: Shiga,

cytotoxine,endotoxine. Ag: O\K

Mul*ple iden*ca*on(e.g. SD media colorless

colonies) Treatment:Tetracycline, ampicilline,

sulphamide

Dysentery, sickconvalescencecarrier, faecal-oraltransmission, direct

contact with food.Incuba*on 2-4 days.

Legionellaceae,Genus Vibrio


2-3x0,8m, nospores, no capsule.

Mobile, Gram-,op*onal anaerobes.

Vibrio Cholerae is

oxidase/catalase ++,lactose nega*ve,ferment glucose.

Neuroaminidaseenzymes, mucinase.

Gives an acutegastroenteri*s. Stages:

1. Incuba*on, 2-5d2. Enteri*s cholera3. Gastroenteri*s4. Algydus cholera

A*bio*cs(tetracycline,

sulphanilamide)Rehydra*on,vaccina*on.

Diagnosis: based onstool, dead intes*ne,

bile, foods, water.

Legionellaceae,Campylobacter


Gram-, comma-shaped, S curved.

Mobile. Three speciesPath: C.Fetus, C.Jejuni, C.

Coli

Enteri*s, diagnosisby selec*ve media

with blood + variousan*bio*cs at 37.

Eritromicine ,tetracycline.

Contamina*on bymeat consump*on

Helycobacter Pylory(Phylum: Proteobacteria)

Gram-, 2,4x1m,helical or spiral with

agella. Acidresistant. Low oxigen

Factor of pep*culcer, gastri*s andcan lead to gastriccancer. Virulence

factor: Urease.

Study of Vaccina*onin progress.


7/10

Genus GeneralMorphology



Extras

Genus Clostridium(Phylum: Firmicutes)

AnaerobesEsogenes, sporules,toxigenic, Gram+,

Disseminated onground, intes*ne of

animals and humans,vagina and upper RS

as spores.C. otulinum Synthe*ze 6 types

of Toxines.Food intoxica*ons

a er 18-96hincuba*on, toxin gives

accid paralysis

Iden*ca*on inserum and feces,

treatment an*bio*csand intensive th.

Communicabledisease.

C. Tetani Spores tennis-racket like.

Present in soil andsome animals. Agent

of Taetanus(tetanospasmine,

tetanolizine)

Treatment: tetanustoxoid serum and

surgical wounds. PlusVaccina*on.

Incuba*on period6-15d. Dead by

spas*c paralysis ofupper RT.

C. Difficile Cons*tuent ora ofintes*ne. Two virulence factor:

toxinA and cytotoxinB

Pseudomembraneous with vancomycin,

metronidizole

Symptoms: intes*nalinfec*ons, diarrhea,

fever, abdominal pain

C. Perfringens Mul*ply in post-surgical\trauma*c*ssue

Produce:vasoconstric*on,

reduced blood uxcausing local ischemia.Toxin: phospholipase,

leci*nase

An*bio*c like:cefoxi*n,metronidazole,eritromicin andothers. Surgical

treatment oroxygenoterapy

Severe toxic effectsuntreated: 100%fatalSymptoms: muscle

disorders, bloodcoagula*ons,hypotension,

gaseous gangrene.


8/10

Type Examples Pathogenesis Aspects

Gram-, anaerobesnonsporules bacilli

acteroides Diarrhea, abscesses, meningi*s Large number colonies

Prevotella Respiratory inf., o**s, abscesses oforal cavity, osteomyeli*s

Non-mo*le, colonize oralcavity

FusobacteriumPorphyromonas

P.gingivalis a ack the periodontalspace

Colonize oral cavity

Gram+, anaerobes,nonsporules bacilli

PropionibacteriumAcnes

(Phylum: acBnobacteria)

Childhood Acnes, in combina*on withother microorganism, producepropionic acids. Also giveendophthalmi*s and Blephari*s

Aero-tolerant, treatmentwith an*bio*cs likeperoxide and tetracyclineand benzoyl.

AcBnomyces Israeli Produce lesion and inamma*on ofskin and mucosae, supercialinfec*ons of thorax, abdomen andoro-facial region. Treatment byan*bio*cs: amoxicillin.

Long-branched shape, foundin colon, vagina. Gives acharacteris*cs yellow-grainsin the center of the lesion.

Gram-, anaerobes,coccae Veillonella Can give alveolary piorrea Normal ora of oral cavity

Gram+, anaerobes,coccae

Able to penetrate deepinto the /ssues, with purulent infec/ons.

Peptococcus Inamma*ons, tooth alveoliabscesses, sep*c arthri*s. Suscep*ble

to ethanol.

Normal ora of intes*neand oral cavity, arranged in

tetrads or regular form.

Peptostreptococcus(like P.Magnus,

Anaerobius,SaccarolyBcus)

Cerebral abscesses, necrosis of lung*ssues. Treatment with

aminoglycoside an*bio*cs, quinoloneand so on.

In short chains, normal oraof oral cavity, vagina and

urinary tract


9/10



Treatment,PrevenBon,

Control

Extras

Treponema Pallidum(Phylum:

Spirochaetes)

Gram-, 0,5x10m,spiral shaped 6-12coils, mobile, no

spores.

Responsible of syphilis(3 stages)

Penicillin Lipid an*gen(Wassermann),protein specic

an*gen (Reiter)

Leptospirainterrogans

(Phylum:Spirochaetes)

Spiral, aerobic,Gram-, 6-20m,

very thin,enveloped, no

spores, two

agella at oppositesides

Human are infected byanimals urines or feces

direct contact or by water.Gives inuence,

meningococcal disease,

Weil disease, liver andkidneys, jaundice. Also by

blood transmission.

Penicillin,tetracycline,

chloranphenicol

200 serotypes,typically animals

affected.

orrelia burgdorferi(Phylum:

Spirochaetes)

Gram-, 4-30m,4-30 spirals,

essible, mobile,no spores,

anaerobic ormicroaerophylic

Relapsing fever(recurren*s)

Lyme disease(burgdogferi): hosted by

birds and mammals, bybi*ng, a ack joints,

heart, CNS.

Amino-penicillin:ampicillin,amoxicillin.Tetracyclin.

Main pathogens:B.recurren*s, B.

burgdorferi,B.du onii

Major risk betweenMay-October

Ricke siaceae(Phylum:

Proteobacteria)Obligate intracellular

parasites

Gram-, 2x0,7m,types:

pleiomorphic, hullform, coccobacilli,

rods and laments.Non-mobile.

They all have naturalinfec*on cycles, except for

epidemic typhus and trench

fever.

Chloramphenicol, tetracycline.

More common inunderdeveloped

countries


10/10



Treatment,PrevenBon,

Control

Extras

ChlamydiaetrachomaBs

(Phylum: bacteriodes)

Gram-,intracellular

obligate, outer

\inner membrane,no own ATP prod.

Infects non-ciliatedepithelial cells.

Lymphocytes involvement,

results in cell destruc*onand inammatory response

Tetracycline,erythromycin,sulphonamide

May a ack theconjunc*va, can leads

to blindness.

Chlamydophilapsi aci

(Phylum: bacteriodes)

As abovemen*oned

Respiratory tract, by bloodto liver and spleen. Gives

edema, necrosis andinammatory response.

Tetracycline,erythromycin

Transmi ed by parrots(natural host)

Mucous plugs candevelop in cells causing

cyanosis and anoxia

Mycoplasmapneumoniae


Filamentous andspherical, no cell

wall, obligate hostdepending

Occupies surfaces ofairways epithelium. Gives

pneumonia. Produce coughsore throat, mild fever,

discomfort.

Tetracycline,macrolides

Requires essen*alcompounds presents in

the hosts mucosalepithelia

Mycoplasmagenitalium


Gram+, ballshaped, no cell

wall

Urogenital tract of men,inammatory disease,

producing non-gonococcalurethri*s. In Women causecervi*s, pelvic inammatorydisease (PID) and bacterial

vaginosis (BV)

Macrolidean*bio*c

group is themost effec*ve

Can be sexuallytransmi ed

This is the bacterial nal table, a sort of mini-bible, denitely the most difficult and long term complicated work wemade Hope it would be useful as usual And also remember that we are sharing it with you!

Your Beloved colleagues, Alessandro MoFa & Luca Serena, may the force be with you!

Micro Final Bacteria Table

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