MICA 1-4 MODII Digital Retrofit, Governor Control Cabinet...

MICA 1-4 MODII DIGITAL RETROFIT,

GOVERNOR CONTROL CABINET (GCC)

This Operation Manual is developed by BC Hydro

© BC HYDRO

Operation Manual / Description of System Operation

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1 GCC Description of System Operation | BC Hydro : Draft for review only

Contents Description of System Operation ........................................................................................ 8

Operation Modes ................................................................................................................. 8

Manual Mode .................................................................................................................. 9

Automatic Mode ............................................................................................................. 9

Test Mode ..................................................................................................................... 10

Governor Block Diagram .............................................................................................. 11

Unit Speed Sensing ........................................................................................................... 12

Zero Velocity Pick Up (ZVPU) Speed Sensing ............................................................ 12

Voltage Transformer (VT) Speed Sensing ................................................................... 12

Speed Sensing Selection Logic ..................................................................................... 13

Speed Switches 1-9 (14-xx, 12-xxx) ............................................................................. 16

Speed Sensing Faults .................................................................................................... 17

Gate Position Sensing ....................................................................................................... 18

Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT) Position Sensing ............................. 18

Magnetic Linear Differential Transducer (MLDT) / Potentiometer Gate Position Sensing .......................................................................................................................... 18

Programmable Gate Position Switches ......................................................................... 18

Gate Position Sensing Faults ........................................................................................ 19

Gate Limiter Sensing ........................................................................................................ 19

Gate Limit Potentiometer .............................................................................................. 19

Unit Power Sensing........................................................................................................... 19

Watt Transducer ............................................................................................................ 19

Grid (Bus) Frequency Sensing .......................................................................................... 20

Voltage Transformer (VT) Bus Frequency Sensing ..................................................... 20

Governor Operation .......................................................................................................... 21

Transducer Pilot Valve Control .................................................................................... 21

Gate controller .............................................................................................................. 22

Offline Speed controller ................................................................................................ 22

Online Power controller ................................................................................................ 23

Governor Control .............................................................................................................. 24

Governor State Control ................................................................................................. 24

Governor Setpoint Control ............................................................................................ 25

Step test Enable/ Disable Control ................................................................................. 25


PARAMETER SET 1: GOVERNOR BASIC SETTINGS ........................................................... 26

PARAMETER SET 2: GOVERNOR SOFT START SETTINGS ................................................. 26

PARAMETER SET 3: GOVERNOR STOP SETTINGS ............................................................ 27

PARAMETER SET 4: GOVERNOR GATE PD CONTROL SETTINGS ..................................... 27

PARAMETER SET 5: GOVERNOR OFFLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS .................... 28

PARAMETER SET 6: GOVERNOR STABLE ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS ........ 28

PARAMETER SET 7: GOVERNOR FAST RESPONSE ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS....................................................................................................................................... 29

PARAMETER SET 8: GOVERNOR ONLINE LOAD SETTINGS .............................................. 29

PARAMETER SET 9: GOVERNOR ONLINE TO OFFLINE, UNLOAD, 65SNL SETTINGS ........ 31

PARAMETER SET 10: GOVERNOR PROTECTION SETTINGS .............................................. 31

PARAMETER SET 11: GOVERNOR TEST STEP AMPLITUDE/ GATE TIMING TEST SETTINGS....................................................................................................................................... 32

PARAMETER SET 12: GOVERNOR GATE POSITION SETPOINT SETTINGS .......................... 32

PARAMETER SET 13: GOVERNOR SETPOINT RAISE/ LOWER RATE AND PULSE WIDTH SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................... 33

Analog Input / Output Scaling .......................................................................................... 34

Discrete Outputs ................................................................................................................ 36

Governor Major Fault (65GF) ...................................................................................... 36

Governor Alarm (74Gov) ............................................................................................. 36

Creep Detected (39C) ................................................................................................... 36

No Pulse output; Dead-Stop State ................................................................................. 38

Yes Pulse output; Unit Creeping State .......................................................................... 39

Discrete Inputs .................................................................................................................. 41

Run Input (65SD) .......................................................................................................... 41

Online Input (65DCO) .................................................................................................. 41

Actuator Lock Input (3AL) ........................................................................................... 41

Partial Shut-Down (65SNL) ......................................................................................... 41

Speed Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (15FR/15FL) ....................................................... 42

Power Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (65PR/65PL) ...................................................... 42

Gate Limiter Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (65GLR/65GLL) ...................................... 42

Governor Auto Input (43GT) ........................................................................................ 42

Lock Free Input (33LF) ................................................................................................ 42

Pilot Valve Bias Relay Input (65PV) ............................................................................ 42

Creep Detect Disable Input (20BTX) ........................................................................... 43


MODBUS Communication ............................................................................................... 44

Modbus Memory Allocation ......................................................................................... 44

MODBUS Commands ...................................................................................................... 46

Modbus Command Registers ........................................................................................ 46

COMMAND WORD 0: ..................................................................................................... 46

COMMAND WORD 1: ..................................................................................................... 46

COMMAND WORD 2: ..................................................................................................... 47

COMMAND WORD 3: ..................................................................................................... 47

MODBUS Status ............................................................................................................... 48

Modbus Status Registers ............................................................................................... 48

PLC DATE AND TIME: .................................................................................................... 48

GOVERNOR STATUS WORD 0: ....................................................................................... 48



GOVERNOR ANALOG STATUS REGISTERS: .................................................................... 49

ALARM WORD 0: MAJOR FAULTS (TARGETS) ................................................................ 51

ALARM WORD 1: MINOR ALARMS ................................................................................. 51



MODBUS Programmable Parameter Settings .................................................................. 53

PARAMETER SET 1: GOVERNOR BASIC SETTINGS ........................................................... 53

PARAMETER SET 2: GOVERNOR START SETTINGS .......................................................... 53

PARAMETER SET 3: GOVERNOR STOP SETTINGS ............................................................ 53

PARAMETER SET 4: GOVERNOR GATE PD CONTROL SETTINGS ..................................... 54

PARAMETER SET 5: GOVERNOR OFFLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS .................... 54

PARAMETER SET 6: GOVERNOR ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS _0 (STABLE) . 54

PARAMETER SET 7: GOVERNOR ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS _1 (FAST RESPONSE) ..................................................................................................................... 54

PARAMETER SET 8: GOVERNOR OFFLINE TO ONLINE LOAD SETTINGS ........................... 55

PARAMETER SET 9: GOVERNOR UNLOAD, ONLINE TO OFFLINE TRANSFER & 65SNL SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................... 55

PARAMETER SET 10: GOVERNOR PROTECTION SETTINGS .............................................. 55

PARAMETER SET 11: GOVERNOR TEST STEP / GATE TIMING TEST SETTINGS................. 56

PARAMETER SET 12: GOVERNOR GATE POSITION SETTINGS .......................................... 56

PARAMETER SET 13: GOVERNOR SETPOINT RATE & TIMING SETTINGS ......................... 56


PARAMETER SET 14: SCALE ANALOG INPUT .................................................................. 56

PARAMETER SET 15: SCALE ANALOG OUTPUT ............................................................... 61


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MOD II Digital Retrofit, Governor Control Cabinet (GCC)

Description of System Operation This MOD II Governor Control Cabinet (GCC) is intended to replace the Woodward Mod II analog electronic rack and associated speed switches. It controls the existing transducer electro-hydraulic valve through ATE-36 power amplifier. The new PLC based digital GCC provides speed switches, brake application logic, unit creep, dead-stop detection, and gate position switches. Speed sensing is based on two Zero Velocity Pick-up (ZVPU) proximity sensors and an AC voltage signal of a Voltage Transformer (VT). Creep & Dead-stop detection is based on a combination of speed sensors and dedicated creep ZVPU sensor. Gate position sensing is based on existing +/- 10VDC LVDT sensor. There is a provision for 4-20mA, MLDT type gate position analog input if such sensor is installed at the wicket gates. GCC is equipped with five (8) programmable speed switches, unit dead-stop, unit creep detection and brake application outputs. It has four (5) programmable gate position switches that can be used when gate position analog input is wired in. 125VDC to 24VDC power supply system is redundant, where failure of one supply will not affect the system performance. Critical alarms such as Power Supply failures, Fuse failures, PLC module failures, Input signal failures cause the System Trouble Free relay to dropout. Thus system health can be monitored using NC contacts of the System Trouble Free Relay which is normally energised when there are no faults in the GCC System. The ATE-36 power amplifier module converts 4-20mA control command from PLC analog output to +/-15VDC required for the Transducer valve and also provides dual rail+/-15V required for the LVDT. The ATE-36 module is powered from 24VDC from the redundant power supplies.

Operation Modes The governor has four modes of operation under normal operating circumstances.

1. Manual 2. Local Automatic 3. Remote Automatic 4. Test


Note: The governor is capable of bump less switching between each mode except test mode, while the unit is running. Manual Mode

Integrated manual control is available to manually position the gates to a required position. Manual mode has the priority over the other two modes of operation. In Manual mode, the gate opening is directly controlled by the raise/lower commands from power and gate limiter setpoint adjusters. The turbine speed regulating closed loop control systems stop functioning while the governor is in manual mode but follows up the turbine speed and gate position so that bump less transfer is possible. It only regulates the gate position as commanded by the gate and limiter set points. Under normal circumstances transferring from manual mode to automatic mode will transfer the gate control to automatic mode without a step change (bump-less transfer). Manual Start: Issuing a start command in manual mode does not start the turbine unless limiter and speeder set points are manually adjusted. The turbine gate opening directly reacts to the gate and limiter set points and turbine speed can only be manually controlled. Manual Stop: Issuing a stop command while in the manual mode will command the gate to be closed; remove the governor unlock and resets the gate and limiter set points to zero. Automatic Mode

Both local automatic and remote automatic modes are functionally similar but in remote mode, governor receives commands only from hard wired inputs whereas in local mode it receives commands only from the local HMI control panel. Under normal circumstances transferring from automatic mode to manual mode will transfer the gate control to manual mode smoothly without any change in current gate position (bump-less transfer). Automatic Start: Issuing a start command in automatic mode triggers the automatic start-up sequence. Automatic start up sequence has six (6) steps.

1. Soft Start Step I 2. Soft Start Step II 3. Off line speed regulation 4. Speed Match to Synchronise 5. Power and Gate limiter Pre-set Loading 6. On-line droop regulation

First “Soft Start step I” is to open the gate to preconfigured (programmed from the HMI) breakaway position at a given rate and wait for the soft start step breakaway turbine speed. As turbine reaches the breakaway speed, next step, “Soft Start step II” is to open the gate to preconfigured (programmed from the HMI) breakaway position II at a given rate. As the unit accelerates the third step “Off-line speed regulation” takes over the gate control to regulate the turbine speed to its synchronous speed. As soon as it reaches the


synchronous speed it will enable the forth step, ready to synchronize state and receive commands from the synchronizer or a speed match command to adjust the speed by looking at the system frequency. As soon as the unit is synchronized 5th and 6th steps “Power Pre-set Loading” where unit MW load will ramp up to a preprogrammed level and “On-line droop regulation” takes over the gate control where ready to receive load raise/lower commands via the speeder and limiter. Unit will regulate the speed to a preconfigured droop (programmed from the HMI). The droop can be changed on line using the HMI touch panel. Automatic Stop: Issuing a stop command while in the automatic mode will trigger the automatic stop sequence. Automatic stop sequence has following four steps.

1. Unit un-load 2. Circuit Breaker Open (Off-line) 3. Gate shutdown/ Soft Stop 4. Brake

On receipt of a stop command (i.e. losing the start permissive) governor executes its first step “unit unload” by ramping down the gate position from current position to pre-configured (programmed from the HMI) synchronous No-Load (SNL) position at a pre-programmed rate. Once the gate reaches the SNL position, it is ready for the next step “circuit breaker open”. Since the circuit breaker open command is not issued by the governor, it will wait at this step until generator control system opens the breaker. Once the governor received the circuit breaker open status, it will execute the next step “gate shut down” by resetting the speeder and limiter to zero and gate to be shutdown. This will force the turbine to coast to a stopping. As the turbine speed reaches 25% speed, the last step “brake” is executed and applies brake to rapidly stop the turbine. Brake is only removed after the brake release time is elapsed following a complete turbine stop. Note: Issuing a start command is possible at any time during stop sequence and governor will start the unit from its current stop sequence. Test Mode

The test mode is only intended to use to open and close the gates under maintenance applications. Test mode can be done by selecting the governor to LOCAL-MANUAL and pressing the start command on the HMI. Selection of test mode will internally force the start permissive enable without any input to the physical discrete input. The test mode selection by default forces the operation mode to manual and disables the automatic operation of turbine governor. Therefore the test mode operation has to be done with extra caution by authorized personnel only. While in the test mode, turbine starts without any start command. The limiter and gate setpoint have the direct control of the gate opening and closing and do not require any start permissive from the generator control system.


Note: De-selection of test mode removes the internal start permissive force and cause to shut down the gates immediately under non-start permissive conditions. Governor Block Diagram

Figure 1.7 shows the basic functional block diagram to illustrate various operational modes of the governor. It can be seen that, governor reference is commanded to zero whenever the unit start is not permissive and the unit is offline whereas, governor reference is commanded to no-load position if the unit is online to avert unit motoring mode. Similarly when the start

permissive is “true” and unit in manual mode receive governor reference commands directly from speeder and limiter. Under the automatic start condition governor reference receives command form the breakaway until it reaches the breakaway speed and then from the speed regulator PID control until unit goes on line. Under online conditions governor reference receives commands either from droop speed regulation PID or isochronous speed PID regulation, depending on the mode selection.

Figure: Governor Functional Block Diagram


Unit Speed Sensing Zero Velocity Pick Up (ZVPU) Speed Sensing

During the unit start-up, speed sensing is from the 24VDC pulses of the two ZVPU sensors that are connected to the first High Speed Counter card. One ZVPU counter operates on period measuring mode while the other operates on frequency measuring mode to add diversity, accuracy and reliability into the speed measuring. At lower speeds period measurement is more accurate whereas at higher speeds frequency measurement is more accurate. Any anomalies resulted between two measuring techniques are alarmed. In period measuring mode, the frequency of the ZVPU signal is calculated from the period of the input pulse train using two consecutive positive edges. The measured frequency is then normalised to Per Unit (PU) speed by dividing from the pulse frequency at rated speed. Number of poles in the generator (P) and number of teeth (T) in the speed sensing wheel is used to determine the pulse frequency at rated speed. 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =

10,000𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =120 × 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶ℎ (𝑇𝑇)

𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 (𝑃𝑃) × 60𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓. 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓

𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟

𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =10,000

𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟÷

120 × 𝑇𝑇𝑃𝑃

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

In frequency measuring mode, the frequency of the ZVPU signal is calculated from the number of the input pulses per second. The measured frequency is then normalised to Per Unit (PU) speed by dividing from the pulse frequency at rated speed. Number of poles in the generator (P) and number of teeth (T) in the speed sensing wheel is used to determine the pulse frequency at rated speed. 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐻𝐻𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =120 × 60𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶ℎ (𝑇𝑇)𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 (𝑃𝑃) × 60𝐻𝐻𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓.

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 ÷ 120 × 𝑇𝑇

𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Voltage Transformer (VT) Speed Sensing

VT input is used as the speed sensing when the VT signal is available and healthy. The ATE-32 VT interface module converts the 115VAC signal to a 24VDC pulse input and connected to the second High Speed Counter. The generator speed is calculated from the period of the input pulses using two consecutive positive edges zero crossings. The measured speed is then normalised to the Per Unit speed by dividing the rated frequency of 60Hz. 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =

10,000𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻


𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 = 60 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =10,000

𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟÷ 60 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Speed Sensing Selection Logic

Two ZVPU inputs are the primary speed sensing source. VT input is used as the secondary speed sensing source when the signal is available and valid. Primary sensing source is used to calculate the speed until a valid VT signal is received to the second High Speed Counter. Once valid VT signal is received the VT input signal is used to calculate the speed.

Below logic is used in selecting the appropriate reading from ZVPU0, ZVPU1 and VT.

� Smart filter section of the code weeds out the large suspected deviations (noise or false high speed counts) by comparing the new reading with the filtered signal. Otherwise current reading is taken as it is.

� When both ZVPUs are healthy, 1. If both ZVPUs agree, average reading is taken as the speed output 2. If both ZVPUs disagree, higher reading is taken as the speed output

� When GenVT sensing is healthy, 1. If GenVT reading agrees with ZVPU0, GenVT reading is taken as the

speed output 2. If GenVT reading agrees with ZVPU1, GenVT reading is taken as the

speed output 3. If Both ZVPUs are failed, GenVT reading is taken as the speed output 4. If ZVPU0 is invalid, higher Speed between ZVPU1 & GenVT is taken as

the speed output 5. If ZVPU1 is invalid, higher Speed between ZVPU0 & GenVT is taken as

the speed output


6. If unit is online and the ZVPU 0 & 1 disagree, take the highest speed of all three.

� Final speed output is filtered (first order lag filter 1(1+𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇)

) before sending to the output with programmable filter time constant (T).


(* ====================SMART FILTER=================================================== *) (* this section of the code is to detect and eliminate excessive noise on the speed signals *) (* filtered signal is compared with the unfiltered signal for excessive noise and removed *) LAG_FILTER_0 (IN := SpeedZVPU0(*REAL*), GAIN := 1.0(*REAL*), LAG := T#500mS(*TIME*), TR_I := 0.0(*REAL*), TR_S := FALSE(*BOOL*), OUT => FilteredSpeedZVPU0(*REAL*)); LAG_FILTER_1 (IN := SpeedZVPU1(*REAL*), GAIN := 1.0(*REAL*), LAG := T#500mS(*TIME*), TR_I := 0.0(*REAL*), TR_S := FALSE(*BOOL*), OUT => FilteredSpeedZVPU1(*REAL*)); LAG_FILTER_2 (IN := SpeedGenVT(*REAL*), GAIN := 1.0(*REAL*), LAG := T#500mS(*TIME*), TR_I := 0.0(*REAL*), TR_S := FALSE(*BOOL*), OUT => FilteredSpeedGenVT(*REAL*)); OutSpeedZVPU0:= SpeedZVPU0; OutSpeedZVPU1:= SpeedZVPU1; OutSpeedGenVT:= SpeedGenVT; IF ABS(SpeedZVPU0-FilteredSpeedZVPU0)>50.0*ErrorTolerance THEN OutSpeedZVPU0:=FilteredSpeedZVPU0;END_IF; IF ABS(SpeedZVPU1-FilteredSpeedZVPU1)>50.0*ErrorTolerance THEN OutSpeedZVPU1:=FilteredSpeedZVPU1;END_IF; IF ABS(SpeedGenVT-FilteredSpeedGenVT)>50.0*ErrorTolerance THEN OutSpeedGenVT:=FilteredSpeedGenVT;END_IF; (*==============================================================================================*) SpeedPU:=0.0; (* ---------ZVPU0 is healthy--------- *) IF NOT ZVPU0_Invalid THEN SpeedPU:=OutSpeedZVPU0; END_IF; (* ---------------------------------- *) (* ---------ZVPU1 is healthy--------- *) IF NOT ZVPU1_Invalid THEN SpeedPU:=OutSpeedZVPU1; END_IF; (* ---------------------------------- *) AveZVPU:=(OutSpeedZVPU0 + OutSpeedZVPU1)/2.0;(* not used *) (* --------------When both ZVPU sensors are healthy----------------------------------- *) (* when both ZVPUs are healthy, check the agreement between two sensors 1. If both ZVPU sensors read the approximately the same speed, take the average 2. If ZVPUs disagree take the maximum reading *) IF (NOT ZVPU0_Invalid) AND (NOT ZVPU1_Invalid) THEN (* Both ZVPU sensors are healthy *) IF (ABS(OutSpeedZVPU0-OutSpeedZVPU1)<=ErrorTolerance) THEN (* Both ZVPU sensors are in agreement, do the averaging *) SpeedPU:= (OutSpeedZVPU0 + OutSpeedZVPU1)/2.0; ELSE (* Both ZVPU sensors are not in agreement, take the Higher reading *) SpeedPU:= MAX(OutSpeedZVPU0,OutSpeedZVPU1); END_IF; END_IF; (* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *)


(* -----When GenVT sensing is healthy ------------------------------------------------ *) (* When GenVT signal is healthy, 1. If GenVT reading agrees with ZVPU0, take the GenVT speed 2. If GenVT reading agrees with ZVPU1, take the GenVT speed 3. If Both ZVPU failed, take the GenVT speed 4. If ZVPU0 is invalid, take the Higher Speed between ZVPU1 & GenVT 5. If ZVPU1 is invalid, take the Higher Speed between ZVPU0 & GenVT 6. If unit is online and the ZVPU 0 & 1 disagree, take the Highest speed *) IF NOT GenVT_Invalid THEN (* 1 *) IF (NOT ZVPU0_Invalid AND ABS(OutSpeedZVPU0-OutSpeedGenVT)<=ErrorTolerance) THEN(* check agrement with ZVPU0 *) SpeedPU:= OutSpeedGenVT; END_IF; (* 2 *) IF (NOT ZVPU1_Invalid AND ABS(OutSpeedZVPU1-OutSpeedGenVT)<=ErrorTolerance) THEN(* check agrement with ZVPU1 *) SpeedPU:= OutSpeedGenVT; END_IF; (* 3 *) IF (ZVPU1_Invalid AND ZVPU0_Invalid) THEN(* Both ZVPUs failed *) SpeedPU:= OutSpeedGenVT; END_IF; (* 4 *) IF ZVPU0_Invalid AND NOT (ZVPU1_Invalid) THEN(* ZVPU 0 is failed *) SpeedPU:= MAX(OutSpeedGenVT,OutSpeedZVPU1) ; END_IF; (* 5 *) IF ZVPU1_Invalid AND NOT (ZVPU0_Invalid) THEN(* ZVPU 0 is failed *) SpeedPU:= MAX(OutSpeedGenVT,OutSpeedZVPU0) ; END_IF; (* 6 *) IF OnLine AND ABS(OutSpeedZVPU0-OutSpeedZVPU1)> ErrorTolerance THEN(* Unit Online AND two ZVPUs disagree *) SpeedPU:= MAX(OutSpeedGenVT,OutSpeedZVPU0,OutSpeedZVPU1); END_IF; END_IF; (* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *) (* =============OUTPUT FILTER==================== *) (* below lag fiter filters out the final output speed *) LAG_FILTER_3 (IN := SpeedPU(*REAL*), GAIN := 1.0(*REAL*), LAG := FilterTimeConst(*TIME*), TR_I := 0.0(*REAL*), TR_S := FALSE(*BOOL*), OUT => SpeedPU (*REAL*)); (* ============================================== *) (* =============Detection of the Drift==================== *) (* below detects the the drift of individual signals from output *) DriftZVPU0:=ABS(SpeedPU-OutSpeedZVPU0)>ErrorTolerance; DriftZVPU1:=ABS(SpeedPU-OutSpeedZVPU1)>ErrorTolerance; DriftGenVT:=ABS(SpeedPU-OutSpeedGenVT)>ErrorTolerance; (* ======================================================= *)

Speed Switches 1-9 (14-xx, 12-xxx)

There are 9 Speed Switches that can be programmed. When the speed is above the pickup setpoint, the corresponding output picks up and only drops down once the speed is below the Hysterisis set point. The derived speed in PU is compared with set of pickup set points using window comparators. Each comparator has a pickup time delay of 300 milliseconds and dropout time delay of 1 second.


The default speed set points are 0.15PU (15%), 0.25PU (25%), 0. 5PU (50%), 0.85(85%), 0.9PU (90%), 0. 95PU (95%), 1.05PU (105%), 1.44 (144) and 1.5PU (150%). All the speed switch pickup set points are expressed in PU inside the PLC code. The Pick Up speed can be changed using relevant programmable speed setpoint in PU. The Drop Out speed can be programmed using relevant speed Hysterisis setpoint in PU.

Example: 1.4PU (140%) speed switch can be changed to pick up at 121% by changing the speed setpoint parameter to 1.21. Leaving the default Hysterisis setpoint value of 0.02PU (2%) makes the speed switch to be dropped at 119% speed. Changing the Hysterisis setpoint to 0.06PU (6%) makes the speed switch to be dropped at 115% speed. Speed Sensing Faults

1. Offline Speed Signal Fault: When both ZVPUs do not see pulses for 3 seconds subsequent to an automatic start command with gates open, is considered as a major fault.

2. Online Speed Signal Fault: When all three speed sensors (two ZVPUs and VT) do not see pulses subsequent to an automatic start command and unit is online, is considered as a major fault.

IN3GovStatusStartIN4GatePosSW_ZVPUsigEn

IN1HSC_InvalidZVPU1IN2GovStatusAuto

OUT

.4

AND_BOOL5

INPTt#3s

Q AlarmZVPU1signalFaultET

SpeedSigFaul...

TON6

IN3AlarmZVPU1signalFault

IN1GovStatusOnlineIN2AlarmZVPU0signalFault

OUT AlarmOfflineSpeedSigFault

.6

AND1

IN3AlarmZVPU1signalFaultIN4AlarmGenVTsignalFault

IN1GovStatusOnlineIN2AlarmZVPU0signalFault

OUT AlarmOnlineSpeedSigFault

.9

AND2


3. Start Speed Signal Fault: When speed reading retained below the ZUPU Fail Speed Switch setting for “Start Speed Pulse Excess time” subsequent to an automatic start, is considered as a major fault.

Gate Position Sensing Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT) Position Sensing

Mod II governors use auxiliary valve which is mechanically linked to the distributor valve pilot, to position the gate. Gate and distributor pilot has a separate independent restoring mechanism to follow the auxiliary valve position. Therefore the LVDT attached to the auxiliary servomotor and its position directly represents the gate opening. Governor primarily controls the LVDT position and assumes the secondary restoring system will follow the LVDT position. The Controller reads the LVDT position to determine the gate position in the close loop control. The scaling is programmable and can be changed using Analog input channel scaling parameters. (See example 1 under analog scaling) Magnetic Linear Differential Transducer (MLDT) / Potentiometer Gate Position Sensing

Provision for reading the Gate Position from an independent MLDT or a potentiometer is provided for sensing the gate position as a direct measurement. Although it is not used in the Mod II PID control loop, it can be used to in gate position threshold switches. (See example 3 under analog scaling) Programmable Gate Position Switches

The Gate position in PU is compared with set of comparators with pickup set points. When Gate position is above the pickup setpoint, the relevant output picks up and only drops down once the Gate position is below the Hysterisis set point.

IN6SpeedSW_ZVPU_Fail

IN3GovStatusOnlineIN4GovState65PVControl

IN1GovStatusAutoIN2GovStatusStart

IN5GatePosSW_ZVPUsigEn

OUT

.10

AND3

INPT

Q AlarmStartSpeedSigFaultET

TON_3

TON6

IN OUT

.11

REAL_TO_TIME5

IN1Para10_GovProt.StartSpeedFaultExcessTimeIN21000.0

OUT

.12

MUL4


The default Gate position set points are 0.05pu (5%), 0.1pu (10%), 0.25PU (25%), 0.5PU (50%), and 0.75PU (75%). All these programmable Gate position switch pickup set points are expressed in PU inside the PLC code. The default Pick Up gate position set points can be changed using relevant programmable Gate position setpoint in PU. The Drop Out set point can be programmed using relevant gate position Hysterisis setpoint in PU. Each comparator has a pickup time delay of 300 milliseconds and dropout time delay of 1 second.

Gate Position Sensing Faults

Gate Position Signal Fault/ Out of Range: When the analog signal used for gate position (LVDT) feedback signal is failed or out of range, is considered as a major fault.

Gate Limiter Sensing Gate Limit Potentiometer

One of the Potentiometers attached to the gate limiter is wired to the analog input card to determine the position of the mechanical gate limiter. Since this potentiometer is 1kΩ, an external 2.2kΩ resister is inserted to limit the voltage to +7.5VDC to stop saturating the +10VDC analog input. 𝐿𝐿𝑖𝑖𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐶 =

1kΩ2.2kΩ + 1kΩ

× 24𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 7.5 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 The scaling is programmable and can be changed using Analog input channel scaling parameters. (See example 2 under analog scaling)

Unit Power Sensing Watt Transducer

The unit VT and CT input is wired to an active power (Watt) transducer. The Watt transducer converts the active power into 4-20mA signal. 𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐻𝐻𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 = √3𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃∅ 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 = √3 × 120 × 5 × 1 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 = 1039.23 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃


Since the Watt transducer is connected through CTs and PTs, 𝐹𝐹𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐻𝐻𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝐿𝐿 = 𝐶𝐶𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 × 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 × √3𝑉𝑉𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼𝐿𝐿 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃∅ 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃

=18,000

5×

16,800120

× √3 × 120 × 5 × 1 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 = 523772164.2 𝑊𝑊𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 = 523.772 𝑀𝑀𝑊𝑊 The scaling is programmable and can be changed using Analog input channel scaling parameters. (See example 4 under analog scaling)

Grid (Bus) Frequency Sensing Voltage Transformer (VT) Bus Frequency Sensing

The governor has Grid frequency follow up option during synchronisation. This can be used for the unit to follow-up the bus frequency when speed matching is selected. The Bus VT input is used as the frequency sensing when the Bus VT signal is available and healthy. The ATE-32 VT interface module converts the 115VAC signal to a 24VDC pulse input and connected to the second High Speed Counter. The bus frequency is calculated from the period of the input pulses using two consecutive positive edges zero crossings. The measured speed is then normalised to the Per Unit speed by dividing the rated frequency of 60Hz.

𝐻𝐻𝑖𝑖𝐿𝐿ℎ 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =10,000

𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 = 60 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =10,000

𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟÷ 60 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃


Governor Operation Transducer Pilot Valve Control

Gate opening of the Mod II governor is controlled by the electromechanical transducer pilot valve. This pilot valve can be controlled with a bi-directional current signal to open or close wicket gates. The current signal to the pilot valve is derived from the ATE-36 power amplifier which controlled by the 4-20mA input signal form the Governor PLC Analog Output. This bi-directional current signal is routed to the pilot valve via NC contacts of the pilot valve relay 65PV. Therefore when the relay 65PV is energised, the gate opening cannot be controlled by the PLC controller; instead it is controlled by a fixed DC bias signal derived from the 125VDC supply. Under many circumstances this 65PV is de-energised and Transducer Pilot Valve is controlled by the Governor PLC. However 65PV will be energised when the unit is in Synchronous Condense mode or Actuator Lock Free conditions. This is called Bias Mode. The DC signal is positive biased for the actuator lock free in generating mode and negative biased for the synchronous condense mode. This causes gate to be opened up to the mechanical limiter position in positive biased mode whereas fully closed in negative biased mode. The governor block diagram shown below is the basis for automatic governor. There are three close loop controllers;

1. Gate controller 2. Offline Speed controller 3. Online Power controller

Gate controller in the top right hand corner is always active and place the gate to a given gate setpoint. The top left hand corner is the Offline Speed controller and the bottom left is the Online Power controller.

+

Online

𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠�1 + 𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝐻𝐻

�1 + 𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝐾𝐾𝑑𝑑𝐻𝐻��

Transducer Valve Command

Gate (LVDT) position

+ -

Gate Limiter

𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠�1 +1𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝐻𝐻

+ 𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝐻𝐻

�1 + 𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝐾𝐾𝑑𝑑𝐻𝐻�� Gate

Setpoint

Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint

𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑁𝑁𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑓𝑓𝑎𝑎 + 𝑟𝑟 Power SP Feed Forward

𝑅𝑅 Speed Droop

Unit Power

+ -

Power Setpoint

+

Rate Limiter

Automatic Governor Block Diagram

Speed Controller Gate Controller


Gate controller

A PD controller is used to regulate the gate position against a given gate setpoint. Measured LVDT Gate position is compared with the gate setpoint to generate an error signal that controls the transducer valve and drives the auxiliary servomotor. The Gate Limiter is always active and make sure that the gate setpoint never goes above the Gate Limiter. Dynamic response of the gate can be tuned using Gate PD parameters of the controller. When the governor is in Manual Mode, the only active controller is the Gate controller. During the manual mode, Gate Setpoint can be manually changed using Power Raise/Lower inputs (65PMR & 65PML). While the governor is in automatic mode, the gate setpoint cannot be manually controlled; it is automatically derived from the speed controller and carries forward as a setpoint to the gate PD controller. (Note that Ti=0 will make the PID controller a PD controller) Offline Speed controller

The Speed PID controller regulates the Speed of the unit against a given setpoint. Measured speed is compared with the speed setpoint to position the gate via the Gate controller. When the governor is in Manual mode this PID speed regulator is not active but follows up the actual speed so that “bump less” transfer to Auto Mode can be done any time. When the unit is offline and auto, the Speed control loop determines the gate setpoint to achieve the target speed. The offline speed control PID parameters govern the dynamic response and stability of the Generating unit. The speed setpoint of the unit can be changed from external Raise Lower inputs (15FR & 15FL). Whenever the gate opening reaches the gate limiter

Auto Gate Setpoint





+ -

Manual Setpoint

Gate Limiter





+ -

Gate Limiter




Setpoint

Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint


position, the gate will not open any further irrespective of the speed controller requesting for an increased gate opening. Online Power controller

Online Power controller uses the same speed controller with different set of online gains, to regulate the Active Power of the unit against a given setpoint. Measured 3 phase active power is compared with the setpoint to determine the error (speed droop) and used to alter the speed setpoint by adding into the same summing junction. However when a unit is connected to a large grid, the unit speed remains nearly constant and has a very little influence by the unit. Therefore in such circumstances, the governor becomes a Power controller to a given setpoint assuming speed and speed setpoint remains at the nominal speed (1pu). In an event of a system frequency drop, the speed controller commands to open the gate until the error signal becomes zero. Once the gate started move, unit power increases above the power setpoint, adding R*ΔP into the summing junction. This can be considered as compensating for the speed drop by R*ΔP so that error signal to the speed controller becomes zero. Once error signal becomes zero, gate will stop moving any further. Thus it can be concluded that system frequency drop Δf results a R* ΔP compensation into the speed error. This is true for system frequency rise too in other direction so that gate will start to close and unit power decreases. 𝛥𝛥𝑓𝑓 = 𝑅𝑅 × ∆𝑃𝑃 (𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶)

𝑅𝑅 =∆𝑓𝑓 𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶∆𝑃𝑃 𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶

𝑖𝑖. 𝐶𝐶. 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶 By observing the relationship between Δfrequency (Δf pu) and ΔPower (ΔP pu), it can be concluded that Droop ( R) determines the slope of the operating line.

Speed Controller With Online Gains




Setpoint to the Gate Controller

Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint

𝑅𝑅 Speed Droop

Unit Power

+ -

Power Setpoint

+

Gate Limiter

Power Controller with droop

Power (ΔP pu)

ΔFre

q. (Δ

f pu)

Power Setpoint @ nominal frequency


In general droop (R) is set at 0.05 (5%) and hence the online speed controller gain (Kp) is multiplied by 0.05 resulting a smaller overall gain (0.05*Kp) for the power control. This smaller overall gain makes response to a power set point change sluggish. Power setpoint feedforward can be used to remedy this issue. Since gate versus power characteristics are known for a given unit, Power set point can be feed forwarded to the gate setpoint directly to enhance the response time by bypassing the speed regulator and droop multiplier. The output of the gate feed forward is rate limited to avoid step changes in the gate setpoint. If the power (Watt) transducer signal is not available, power controller becomes a Gate position controller and power set point feed forward becomes unity.

Governor Control Governor can be controlled by hard wired discrete inputs or via the Touch Operator screen HMI (Human Machine Interface). The HMI controls are only allowed when the control has been selected as LOCAL. Similarly governor parameters (settings) can only be changed when the write enable hardwired switch is in ON position and software write enable switch on the HMI is enabled. This parameter write enable mode times out in 30minute and requires re-enabling of the write enable sequence if staying any longer is required. Governor control commands are divided into three categories;

1. Governor state (eg. Start/Stop) momentary ON controls 2. Setpoint Raise/ Lower momentary ON controls 3. Enable Disable (eg. Step Tests) ON/OFF controls

Governor State Control

Start/Stop: Governor Start and Stop commands are hard wired to a discrete input so that Start State is latched when the discrete input is true and Stop State is latched when it is false. However separate Start/Stop push buttons are available on the HMI to start and stop the governor when in LOCAL control mode.

Rate Limiter

Gat

e Po

sitio

n (p

u)

Power (pu)

𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎3 + 𝑁𝑁𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑓𝑓𝑎𝑎 + 𝑟𝑟

Power Setpoint

Gate Setpoint Feed Forward to the Gate Controller

Power Setpoint Feed Forward


Auto/Manual: Governor Auto and Manual selection is hard wired to a discrete input so that Auto State is latched when the discrete input is true and Manual State is latched when it is false. However separate Auto/Manual push buttons are available on the HMI to switch back and forth between auto and manual when the governor is in LOCAL control mode. Droop Mode Gate/Power: Governor Droop mode commands are only available on the HMI. Droop mode of the governor can be set to Power Droop or Gate Droop by momentary pressing the relevant pushbutton on the HMI. Control Remote / Local: When the governor is on LOCAL mode it cannot be controlled by hardwired commands. Also when the governor is in Remote mode it ignores the HMI commands except Local/Remote mode change. Gain Schedule 0(stable)/1(fast): Governor online gain could be switched between stable and fast responsive set of gains. These commands are only available on the HMI and changeover can be activated by momentary pressing the relevant pushbutton on the HMI. Governor Setpoint Control

Limiter Setpoint Raise/Lower: Governor Gate Limiter setpoint raise & lower commands are available as hardwired inputs when the governor is in Remote mode and on the HMI when the governor is in Local mode. As a safety measure these commands time outs in 4seconds. Speed Setpoint Raise/Lower: Governor Speed setpoint raise & lower commands are available on the HMI as well as hardwired. As a safety measure these commands time outs in 4seconds. Power Setpoint Raise/Lower: Governor Power setpoint raise & lower commands are available on the HMI as well as hardwired. As a safety measure these commands time outs in 4seconds. Step test Enable/ Disable Control

Test Steps ON/OFF: Governor Test Steps (Gate, Speed and Power) enable and disable commands are only available on the HMI. These commands remains latched once set and automatically resets at each start, auto and manual transition.


Governor Parameters (settings)

PARAMETER SET 1: GOVERNOR BASIC SETTINGS DitherFrequency: Distributor Pilot Dither Frequency in Hz DitherAmplitude: Distributor Pilot Dither Amplitude in PU This is to introduce superimposed positive and negative pulses to the pilot valve to improve the dynamic response by avoiding the stickiness of the distributor valve at the centre point.

20.0Hz 0.005pu

NumTeeth: Number of teeth in the GCC tooth wheel (T) NumPoles: Number of Poles in the Generator (P) SysFrequency: Rated System Frequency in Hz (f) This is to calculate the ZVPU pulse frequency at the rated speed of the unit. Pulse frequency is 2*f*T/P

132.0 56.0 60.0Hz

PARAMETER SET 2: GOVERNOR SOFT START SETTINGS SoftStartGateRate1: Initial Limiter Ramp-up Rate in PU per Second SoftStartGatePos1: Initial Limiter Opening in PU SoftStartPos1_WaitSpeed: Speed at which Limiter further opening is allowed SoftStartGateRate2: 2nd Final Limiter Ramp-up Rate in PU per Second SoftStartGatePos2: 2nd Final Limiter Opening in PU On receipt of a Run command, Governor Gate Limiter will open to the initial Soft Start Opening at the Gate Ramp-up rate specified and then hold it there until the unit speed reaches the wait speed. Once the speed reaches the specified value, the gates will be opened to the final value at the final rate. This is to control the soft start of the unit. Soft start profile can be altered to the desired by adjusting these five (5) parameters. (Setting the Gate Ramp-up rate higher than the maximum gate rate will remove the soft start function)

0.0125pu/s 0.1pu 0.15pu 0.05pu/s 0.30pu

Time (sec)

Am

plitu

de (p

u) 1/Freq

Time (sec)

Breakaway Limiter Opening

Unit speed

Gate

WaitSpeed1

GatePos1

GatePos2


PARAMETER SET 3: GOVERNOR STOP SETTINGS StopGateRate1: Initial Limiter Ramp-down Rate in PU per Second StopGatePos1: Initial Limiter Close Position in PU GatePos1_WaitTime: Wait time at initial Limiter Close Position in PU StopGateRate2: Final Limiter Ramp-down Rate in PU per Second StopGatePos1: Final Limiter Close Position in PU This is to achieve soft stop of the unit on receipt of the stop command (removal of Start command input) On receipt of a Stop command, Governor Gate Limiter will close to the initial position at the Gate Ramp-up rate specified and then hold it there until the wait time is elapsed. Then the gates will be closed to the final value at the final rate. This is to control the soft stop of the unit.

0.025pu/s 0.10pu 10 s 0.0125pu/s 0.00pu

BrakeApplySpeed: Speed in PU below where permit to apply brakes 0.25pu BrakeApplyGatePos: Gate Position in PU below where permit to apply brakes 0.01pu BrakeReleaseDelay: Brake release delay in Seconds, after Brake application 30 s BrakeApplyBackupTime: Backup time delay after automatic stop to apply brakes if one of speed or gate position signal is failed

120 s

PARAMETER SET 4: GOVERNOR GATE PD CONTROL SETTINGS Kp: Gate Controller Proportional Gain Ti: Gate Controller Integral Time Constant in mS Td: Gate Controller Derivative Time Constant in mS Kd: Gate Controller Derivative Time Constant divider Gate Controller is used to place the gate based on the gate aux valve LVDT feedback. Although this controller is a standard PID type, it is recommended not to use the integral element and use only as a PD controller. This can be done by programing Ti=0. These 3 parameters have to be tuned for stable gate position control before Speed Control PID tuning is attempted. When the governor is on Manual mode, the gate setpoint can be manually raised or lowered to open or close the gates.

3.0 0.0ms 50ms 10

Gate

Gate Limit

Time (sec)

STO

P C

omm

and

/ G

en C

B O

pen

GatePos2

GatePos1

Wait Time


PARAMETER SET 5: GOVERNOR OFFLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS Kp: Offline Speed Controller Proportional Gain Ti: Offline Speed Controller Integral Time Constant in mS Td: Offline Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant in mS Kd: Offline Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant divider Speed Controller is used to derive the desired gate setpoint based on the measured unit speed feedback. These 3 parameters have to be tuned for stable offline speed control. When the governor is on Manual mode, speed control is disabled and goes into speed follow-up mode so that bump-less transferring between modes are possible.

2.0 6000ms 10ms 10

PARAMETER SET 6: GOVERNOR STABLE ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS

Kp: Online Stable Speed Controller Proportional Gain Ti: Online Stable Speed Controller Integral Time Constant in mS Td: Online Stable Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant in mS Kd: Online Stable Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant divider Speed Controller will be automatically switched to online gain parameters on receipt of the online input. The parameters have to be tuned for stable online speed control. First set of this PID settings 0 are tuned with conservative settings where response time is not the paramount requirement, but the stability.

4.0 1500ms 100ms 10

𝐾𝐾𝑠𝑠 �1 +1𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝐻𝐻





+ -

Gate Setpoint (from Speed Controller)

Gate Limiter



�1 + 𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝐾𝐾𝑑𝑑𝐻𝐻�� Gate Setpoint

(to the Gate Controller)

Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint (from Speed Controller)





Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint (from Speed Controller) +

Droop (from Power Controller)


PARAMETER SET 7: GOVERNOR FAST RESPONSE ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS

Kp: Online Fast Response Speed Controller Proportional Gain Ti: Online Fast Response Speed Controller Integral Time Constant in mS Td: Online Fast Response Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant in mS Kd: Online Fast Response Speed Controller Derivative Time Constant divider Speed Controller will be automatically switched to online gain parameters on receipt of the online input and another input, gain schedule1. These parameters have to be tuned for faster responsive online speed control. These second sets of PID settings 1 are tuned with settings where response time is the paramount requirement.

6.0 750ms 50ms 10

PARAMETER SET 8: GOVERNOR ONLINE LOAD SETTINGS PowerGateLoadRate: Online Load ramp-up Rate in PU per Second GateLimitPresetSP: Gate Limit Preset in PU upon synchronizing PowerGatePresetSP: Online Power/ Gate preset in PU upon synchronizing Once the Generator Circuit breaker closes, Gate Limiter will ramp up to the Online Gate Limit Preset and Power/Gate Setpoint will ramp up to the Online Power/Gate Preset. Both Gate Limiter and Power/Gate Setpoint will be ramp up at the same Load Ramp up rate specified.

0.02pu/s 0.95pu 0.20pu

Online Power/ Gate Preset

Online Limiter Preset

Time (sec)

Gen

. Bre

aker

Clo

se





Unit Speed

+ -

Speed Setpoint (from Speed Controller) +

Droop (from Power Controller)


DroopSetting: Online Governor Droop Setting in PU= �∆𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓⁄∆𝑃𝑃/𝑃𝑃

� Droop is the slope of the governor operating line. Governor steady state operating point will be automatically adjusted based on the system frequency. Higher the droop setting causes lesser gate movement for a given system frequency change. Droop setting of 0.05pu equals to 5% droop setting as defined in IEEE 125 standard

0.05pu

FeedFwdGain_A: Online Feed Forward Gain a in PU FeedFwdGain_B: Online Feed Forward Gain b in PU FeedFwdGain_C: Online Feed Forward Gain c in PU FeedFwdGain_D: Online Feed Forward Gain d in PU Since gate versus power characteristics are known for a given unit, Power set point can be feed forwarded to the gate setpoint directly to enhance the response time by bypassing the speed regulator and droop multiplier. To determine these parameters, gate-power characteristics can be plot on excel and 3rd order regression analysis with the equation is recommended.

0.9018pu -1.359pu 1.4093pu 0.0826pu

FeedFwdRateLimit: Online Feed Forward Rate Limit This is to limit step changes into the gate setpoint when it is added to the gate setpoint.

0.05pu/s

FeedFwdFilterTime: Online Feed Forward Filter Time Constant This is to add a first order lag filters into the gate setpoint before it is added to the gate setpoint.

1.0s

Power (pu)

ΔFre

q. (p

u) Power Setpoint @

nominal frequency


Active Power (pu)

(Gat

e Po

s. –

SNL

Pos.)


PARAMETER SET 9: GOVERNOR ONLINE TO OFFLINE, UNLOAD, 65SNL SETTINGS

UnloadRate: Limiter Unload Rate on Online to offline transition in PU per Sec UnloadLimiterPreset: Limiter Unload Position on Online to offline transition in PU Unload settings are to unload the gate limiter to a safe value when transitioning from online to offline mode. This could be any intentional or unintentional Circuit breaker trips.

0.005pu/s 0.22pu

LimitPreset65SNL: Limiter Unload position on 65SNL partial shutdown Mod II governor has partial shutdown feature where a gate limit is imposed mechanically via a partial shutdown solenoid (65SNL). When this happens, it is necessary to limit the digital gate limiter to a value slightly less than 65SNL mechanical limit.

0.18pu

PARAMETER SET 10: GOVERNOR PROTECTION SETTINGS StartSpeedFaultExcessTime: Time delay to shut down on no ZVPU pulses in Sec. ZVPU_EnGatePos: Gate Position in PU Where ZVPU speed sensing is expected Above two settings are to detect ZVPU speed sensing failure on unit start-up.

20s 0.05pu

CreepNoPulseTime: Wait delay for No pulse state detection CreepTimeDelay: Time delay to wait for creep detection DeadStopPickupDelay: Time delay to wait for dead stop detection

2s 3s 10s

RoughZ1GPosHi: Rough Zone 1 Gate position Hi Threshold RoughZ1GPosLo: Rough Zone 1 Gate position Low Threshold RoughZ2GPosHi: Rough Zone 2 Gate position Hi Threshold RoughZ2GPosLo: Rough Zone 2 Gate position Low Threshold

0.28pu 0.18pu 0.98pu 0.88pu


PARAMETER SET 11: GOVERNOR TEST STEP AMPLITUDE/ GATE TIMING TEST SETTINGS

GateTestStep: Test step amplitude in PU SpeedTestStep: Test step amplitude in PU PowerGateTestStep: Test step amplitude in PU This is to observe step responses during commissioning and later performance testing. Once the test step is enabled by the corresponding step enable input, test step is applied to the controller summing junction.

0.01pu 0.01pu 0.01pu

TimingTestGateH: Timing Test Upper Threshold Gate position in PU TimingTestGateL: Timing Test Lower Threshold Gate position in PU These settings are to define upper and lower thresholds for the gate position to calculate opening and closing times during the gate timing test. Gate timing is calculated based on the time between upper and lower threshold and extrapolating to 100% gate opening or closing.

0.75pu 0.25pu

PARAMETER SET 12: GOVERNOR GATE POSITION SETPOINT SETTINGS Sw1: Gate position Switch 1 pick-up setpoint in PU Sw2: Gate position Switch 2 pick-up setpoint in PU Sw3: Gate position Switch 3 pick-up setpoint in PU Sw4: Gate position Switch 4 pick-up setpoint in PU Sw5: Gate position Switch 5 pick-up setpoint in PU (not used in Mica) Above settings are subjected to a hysterisis of 0.05 (5%), pickup time delay of 300ms and dropdown delay of 1s.

0.05pu 0.1pu 0.25pu 0.5pu 0.75pu




Output (Control Out)

Feedback (Process value)

+ -

Setpoint

TEST STEP +


PARAMETER SET 13: GOVERNOR SETPOINT RAISE/ LOWER RATE AND PULSE WIDTH SETTINGS

RateGateRL: Gate Setpoint Raise/ Lower rate in PU/Second RateSpeedRL: Speed Setpoint Raise/ Lower rate in PU/Second RatePowerRL: Power Setpoint Raise/ Lower rate in PU/Second

0.02pu/s 0.01pu 0.005pu

MaxTimeGateRL: Maximum Pulse Width of the Gate Setpoint Raise/Lower pulse MaxTimeSpeedRL: Maximum Pulse Width of the Speed Setpoint Raise/Lower p MaxTimePowerRL: Maximum Pulse Width of the Power Setpoint Raise/Lower p

4s 4s 4s


Analog Input / Output Scaling Analog inputs can be scaled using the programmable parameters, “in_max, in_min, out_max and out_min” corresponding to each Analog input channel. Also the “dead band” and “filter time constant” can be programed for each channel. If the signal input or output is out of the programmed range, signal fault alarm will be generated with programmed pick up and drop down delays. Note that parameters in_max and in_min are programmed a counts whereas out_min and out_max are configured as engineering values. PU value is a calculated value based on above four parameters as below. 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 =

(𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 − 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶)(𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_ max− 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶)

𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 − 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶) + (𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶)

Analog input scaling default values for in_min, in_max are set as 0.0, 10,000 counts and out_min, out_max are set as 0, 1.0PU. This will make 0 (0mA) and 10,000 (20mA) to 0-1.0PU. Please note that when the analog channel is setup for +/-10V in min corresponding to -10V becomes -10,000 counts. Example.1: Gate position Sensing LVDT Scaling: Analog input channel full range ±10V (-10,000 count = -10V, 10,000 count=+10V) LVDT full range ±8.5V (0%= -8.5V, 50%=0V, 100%=+8.5V) It is needed to calibrate the input channel to read 0.0pu at -8.5V and 1.0pu at +8.5V. 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = (−10−8.5)

20× 10000 = -9250 counts

𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = (10+8.5)

20× 10000 = 9250 counts

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = 0.0 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = 100.0

out_min

in_min

out_max OUT

IN in_max


Example.2: Mechanical Limiter position Sensing Potentiometer Scaling: Analog input channel full range 0 to10V (0 count = 0V, 10,000 count=+10V) Limiter full range 0 to 7.5V (0%= 0V, 100%=+7.5V) It is needed to calibrate the input channel to read 0.0pu at 0V and 1.0pu at +7.5V. 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = (0−0)

10× 10000 = 0 counts

𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = (7.5)

10× 10000 = 7500 counts

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = 0.0 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = 100.0 Example.3: Mechanical Gate position Sensing MLDT Scaling: Analog input channel full range 4 to20mA (0 count = 4mA, 10,000 count=20mA) MLDT full range 6 to 18mA (0%= 6mA, 100%=18mA) It is needed to calibrate the input channel to read 0.0pu at 0% and 1.0pu at 100%. 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = (6−4)

16× 10000 = 1250 counts

𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = �1 − (20−18)

16� × 10000 = 8750 counts

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = 0.0 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = 100.0 Example.4: Power (Watt) transducer Scaling: Analog input channel full range 4-20mA (0 count = 4mA, 10,000 count=20mA) Watt transducer full range 0-523.8 MW (0MW=4mA, 523.8MW=20mA) It is needed to calibrate the input channel to read 0.0pu at 0MW and 1.0pu at 500MW. 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 =0 counts 𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 500

523.8× 10000 = 9545.63 counts

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑖𝑖𝐶𝐶 = 0.0 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶_𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎 = 500 Analog output scaling default values for in_min, in_max are set as 0.0 and 2 PU. Out_min, out_max are set as 0 and 10,000 counts. This will make 0-2.0PU to 0 (0mA) and 10,000 (20mA).


Discrete Outputs

Governor Major Fault (65GF)

The normally energised Governor Major Fault Free relay will be dropped out if any major Fault is detected or PLC fails. This is to be used for Actuator Lock. The conditions for this relay to drop are;

• Complete PLC control system Failure • Both ZVPU signal fail while offline • All the Speed signals Fail while on line • LVDT signal Fail • Speed Signal Fail while starting and Wicket Gate is opening • Actuator Lock and 105% over speed

Governor Alarm (74Gov)

This relay will be energised for any Alarm and Fault detected by the PLC system. List of Alarms and Faults can be found in the Modbus Alarm Status Words section of this document. Creep Detected (39C)

This relay will be picked when a creep is detected and creep detect input is enabled. When no pulse condition is FALSE for a pre-determined time (unit creep time delay) unit creep condition becomes TRUE. If the unit is creeping while Creep Detect Arm input is TRUE and unit run input is FALSE, the unit creeping relay picks up. Once the creep relay picked up it will take 60 seconds to drop out after a no pulse state is reached.

Governor Major FaultsW0: Shutdow n Faults

BIT9

BIT11

BIT4

BIT7

BIT12

BIT14

BIT6

BIT1AlarmGateRangeOut

BIT10

BIT3

BIT15

BIT13

BIT5

BIT2

BIT8

BIT0 OUT MB_GovAlarms.Word0

.8

BIT_TO_WORD11

IN3AlarmZVPU1SigFaultIN4GovSimMode

IN1GovStateOnlineIN2AlarmZVPU0SigFault

OUT AlarmOfflineNoSpeedSigFault

.6

AND4

IN1IN2AlarmGatePosSigFault

OUT

.17

OR3

IN3GovState65PVControl

IN1CFG_GateTrackFaultEnIN2GovStateRun

OUT

.18

AND1

INPTt#10s

QET

TON_9

TON2

IN3AlarmZVPU1SigFaultIN4GovSimMode


OUT AlarmOfflineNoSpeedSigFault

.6

AND4

IN3AlarmZVPU1SigFaultIN4AlarmGenVTsigFault


IN5GovSimMode

OUT AlarmOnlineNoSpeedSigFault

.9

AND5

IN6SpeedSW_Below ZVPU_Fail

IN3GovStateOnlineIN4GovState65PVControl

IN1GovStateAutoIN2GovStateRun

IN5GatePosSW_AboveZVPUsigEn

OUT

.10

AND6

INPT

Q AlarmNoSpeedSigAfterRunET

TON_3

TON10

IN OUT

.11

REAL_TO_TIME9

IN1Para10_GovProt.StartSpeedFaultExcessTimeIN21000.0

OUT

.12

MUL8

IN3GovState65PVControl

IN1CFG_GateTrackFaultEnIN2GovStateRun

OUT

.18

AND1

INPTt#10s

QET

TON_9

TON2

IN3SpeedSW_Above105

IN1GovStateAutoIN2GovStateRun

OUT

.14

AND7

AlarmOnlineNoSpeedSigFault

AlarmOfflineNoSpeedSigFault

AlarmNoSpeedSigAfterRun

Governor Major FaultsW0: Shutdow n Faults

IN1IN2AlarmGatePosSigFault

OUT

.17

OR3

AlarmOnlineNoSpeedSigFault

AlarmOfflineNoSpeedSigFault

AlarmNoSpeedSigAfterRun


More details on Creep and Dead-Stop detection can be found below.

The creep and dead-stop detection is based on the pulses receiving from speed sensing ZVPUs connected to the High Speed Counter PLC module. Three parameters No Pulse time, Dead-Stop time delay and Creep time delay are used to program proper dead-stop and creep detection.

Pulses detected on one of the input

Both Pulses are not present for No Pulse Time

INPT

QET

TON_0

TON4

IN1NoPulseTimeIN21000.0

OUT

.1

MUL2

IN OUT

.2

REAL_TO_TIME3

INPulseAPTt#100ms

QET

Debounce

TON1

INPT

QET

TON_1

TON5

IN1IN2

OUT NoPulseB

.3

OR16

INPT

QET

TON_2

TON14


OUT

.4

MUL12

IN OUT

.5

REAL_TO_TIME13

INPulseBPTt#100ms

QET

Debounce_0

TON11

INPT

QET

TON_3

TON15

INPT

Q UNIT_DEAD_STOPET

TON_4

TON10

IN1DeadStopDelayIN21000.0

OUT

.6

MUL8

IN OUT

.7

REAL_TO_TIME9

INPTt#1s

QET

TOF_1

TOF18

IN1SpeedSWIN2

OUT

.8

OR19

IN3CreepArmed

IN1IN2StopState

OUT

.9

AND20

INPT

QET

TON_6

TON23

IN1CreepDelayIN21000.0

OUT

.10

MUL21

IN OUT

.11

REAL_TO_TIME22

INPTt#60s

Q UNIT_CREEPET

TOF_2

TOF24

IN1NoPulseAIN2NoPulseB

OUT

.12

AND7

IN1IN2

OUT NoPulseA

.13

OR6


OUT YesPulseAorB

.14

OR17

YesPulseAorB


The logic is explained below;

No Pulse output; Dead-Stop State

The ZVPU pulses are fed to two time delayed pick up (TDPU) elements where one element starts timing at the positive edge and the other element starts timing at the negative edge due to its input inversion. Output of these TDPU elements are fed to an OR gate. Thus when the unit is not rotating one of the TDPU elements will time out and output of the OR gate “No Pulse” becomes TRUE after the “No Pulse Time”. When the unit is rotating and with a speed high enough to make the pulse width shorter than the No Pulse Time, both the TDPU elements never timed off and hence the No Pulse output remains FALSE. The Speed at which the No Pulse output becomes indefinitely FALSE is called No Pulse Speed. It can be found by,

𝑍𝑍𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =1

2 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 (𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛)𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻


𝑍𝑍𝑉𝑉𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑃𝑃𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =120 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶ℎ (𝑇𝑇)

𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 (𝑃𝑃) 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =1

2 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 (𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) ÷120 × 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑇𝑇𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶ℎ (𝑇𝑇)

𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑓𝑓 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃 (𝑃𝑃) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

∴ 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =𝑃𝑃

240 × (𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) × 𝑇𝑇 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

When the unit is rotating with a speed above this No Pulse Speed, the “No Pulse” output always remains FALSE and hence dead-stop detection becomes in-active. When the unit rotates below this speed, No Pulse output becomes a pulse train of double the input pulse frequency. The pulse width of the No Pulse output becomes the difference between No pulse time and ½ the period of the input signal. This No Pulse output is used in Dead-stop detection. If the No Pulse output remains TRUE for Dead-stop time delay, the Dead Stop relay will energise. Therefore speed at which Dead-stop state is reached can be found by, 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝐻𝐻𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑓ℎ𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =

𝑃𝑃 240 × (𝐶𝐶𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑚𝑚𝑑𝑑−𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑛𝑛 + 𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) × 𝑇𝑇 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

This relay remains energised as far as the dead No Pulse output remains true. Any further change of status of the ZUPU sensors will drop the Dead-stop output instantly. Example: N=60, P=56, No Pulse time = 2s and Dead-stop time =20s, gives the minimum speed at which Dead Stop detection enable at, 0.00194PU (0.2%) and Dead-stop relay picks up at speed at 0.000176PU (0.02%) assuming unit will be dead stopped soon after. Any further movement will drop the dead-stop relay. Yes Pulse output; Unit Creeping State

The inversion of the “No Pulse” output with a series 1 sec Time Delayed Drop Out (TDDO) element is called “Yes Pulse”. When the unit is stopped Yes Pulse output remains indefinitely FALSE since one of the timers times out to make No Pulse output TRUE. When the unit speed is higher than the No Pulse Speed the Yes Pulse output remains indefinitely TRUE sine the no pulse timers never time out. When the unit rotates below the No Pulse speed, Yes Pulse output becomes a pulse train of double the input pulse frequency and the pulse width of No pulse time. Yes Pulse output is used in Creep detection. If the Yes Pulse output remains TRUE for a pre-programmed Creep time, the creep relay will pick up. Once picks, Unit Creep relay will be internally latched with a 60 second TDDO element and hence remain latched for 60 seconds after being creeping stopped. Therefore the creep detection is not active below the No Pulse speed and No Pulse speed determines the speed at which Creeping relay picks up after a Creep time being elapsed.


𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑠𝑠 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 = 𝑁𝑁𝐶𝐶 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐻𝐻𝑠𝑠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 =𝑃𝑃

240 × (𝐶𝐶𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) × 𝑇𝑇 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

Example: N=60, P=56, No Pulse time = 2s and Creep time =10s, gives the Creep detected speed of 0.002PU (0.2%) and Unit Creeping relay picks up after 10 seconds. Once the creep relay picks it will internally latch and will drop it only after creep condition is not present for 60 seconds.

Both Pulses are not present for No Pulse Time

Pulses detected on one of the input

INPT

QET

TON_0

TON4


OUT

.1

MUL2

IN OUT

.2

REAL_TO_TIME3

INPulseAPTt#100ms

QET

Debounce

TON1

INPT

QET

TON_1

TON5

IN1IN2

OUT NoPulseB

.3

OR16

INPT

QET

TON_2

TON14


OUT

.4

MUL12

IN OUT

.5

REAL_TO_TIME13

INPulseBPTt#100ms

QET

Debounce_0

TON11

INPT

QET

TON_3

TON15

INPT

Q UNIT_DEAD_STOPET

TON_4

TON10

IN1DeadStopDelayIN21000.0

OUT

.6

MUL8

IN OUT

.7

REAL_TO_TIME9

INPTt#1s

QET

TOF_1

TOF18

IN1SpeedSWIN2

OUT

.8

OR19

IN3CreepArmed

IN1IN2StopState

OUT

.9

AND20

INPT

QET

TON_6

TON23

IN1CreepDelayIN21000.0

OUT

.10

MUL21

IN OUT

.11

REAL_TO_TIME22

INPTt#60s

Q UNIT_CREEPET

TOF_2

TOF24


OUT

.12

AND7

IN1IN2

OUT NoPulseA

.13

OR6


OUT YesPulseAorB

.14

OR17

YesPulseAorB


Discrete Inputs Run Input (65SD)

Unit Run input will enable the governor to start. This input is expected to be TRUE continuously. Loosing of RUN input signal results governor going into stop mode. After receiving the Unit Run input TRUE, and if no speed pulses are detected for predetermined programmable time delay, speed sensing alarm will occur and governor will go to stop mode. Online Input (65DCO)

Unit online input will enable the governor to assume the unit is connected to the system and the generator circuit breaker is closed. This input is used to change the governor close loop PID parameters into online settings, typically with higher gains. Actuator Lock Input (3AL)

3AL is a normally energized relay when the governor control in in “GOV” and no major faults presence in the GCC. Thus 65ALX1 and 65ALX2 are normally de-energised and Actuator Lock Free 65AL is energised, allowing governor to be controlled from GCC. Upon intentional Actuator Lock switch over or on a fault, (3AL drops or 43GT not in GOV or 65ALS manually selected for actuator lock: Refer drawing 211-H04-D336 for more details), 65ALX1 and 65ALX2 relays will be energised and stays self-latched. Upon latching of the 65ALX1 & 2 relays, governor goes into “Actuator Lock” condition where gate will be mechanically locked at current position by dropping the (de-energise to lock) 65AL actuator lock free solenoid. Once the 65AL solenoid is dropped, gates cannot be electronically controlled by the pilot (transducer) valve since the aux servo (actuator) is mechanically locked. At this point, once the gate limiter is moved down until the coincidence switch (33LF) is made, 33LFX (Lock Free) relay will energise. This 33LFX will release the actuator lock by energising the 65AL solenoid and providing a positive bias into the pilot valve through 65PV bias relay. Therefore under an actuator lock situation, gates can be closed by lowering the limiter and hence a safe shutdown is feasible using the limiter. This limiter operation does not need the electronic control since at this mode pilot valve is positive biased through 65PV relay. Whenever actuator lock PLC input is true, since gate position cannot be controlled from the PLC controller, maximum value of the gate limiter setpoint becomes the actual gate position value (ie Gate limiter maximum is followed by the actual gate position). Partial Shut-Down (65SNL)

65SNL solenoid will be energised on partial shutdown conditions external to the governor. On receipt of this signal, the 65SNL solenoid will lower the mechanical limit


of the gate movement instantaneously to a predetermined SNL position while other governor functions remain intact. Therefore upon receipt of TRUE to this PLC input, the gate limiter value is instantly pre-set to the SNL value and remaining functionality will remain the same. Although gate limit can be adjusted thereafter, the gate limit output will be limited to the SNL value until partial shutdown state is removed. Speed Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (15FR/15FL)

These inputs are to Raise and Lower the speed setpoint before going online. Once the unit online condition is met, the speed setpoint becomes 1.0pu and cannot be controlled by these inputs. Power Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (65PR/65PL)

These inputs are to Raise and Lower the Power setpoint after going online. This input is ignored if the unit online condition is not met; the Power setpoint becomes 0.0pu and cannot be controlled by these inputs. If the power signal is faulty, or governor is selected to be gate droop mode, the same inputs will control the Gate setpoint instead. Gate Limiter Setpoint Raise/ Lower Inputs (65GLR/65GLL)

These inputs are to Raise and Lower the Gate Limiter setpoint. Governor Auto Input (43GT)

Once this input is TRUE, governor is in Automatic speed / power control mode. When this input is False, governor goes into the Manual gate control mode and gate position can be manually controlled by the Governor Power Setpoint Raise / Lower inputs. Lock Free Input (33LF)

The 33LF input is TRUE when the gate position is coincides with the gate limit (ie. gate is controlled or limited by the limiter). Thus this PLC input alone does not provide useful information unless it is combined with the actuator lock PLC input. Under actuator lock condition, 33LF is made governor mechanically goes into actuator lock free state where actuator lock solenoid is picked and pilot valve is under 65PV positive bias control where gate can be only lowered by the mechanical limiter. Since this condition is dealt with the 65PV pilot bias relay PLC input, 33LF input is only used for indication purposes. Pilot Valve Bias Relay Input (65PV)

65PV acts as a changeover relay for gates to be either controlled by electronic PLC controller or by a fixed biased DC voltage. The governor controller will only be in control when this 65PV is in de-energised state.


There two distinct conditions where 65PV is energised and gate control is disabled from the PLC controller.

1. Synchronous Condense Operation: 65PV relay will be energised and fixed negative bias to the pilot valve is applied to keep the gates closed.

2. Lock Free state under actuator lock condition: 65PV is energised to apply positive bias to the pilot valve to make the gate open just below the mechanical gate limiter

Thus whenever the 65PV relay is picked and PLC input is TRUE, Governor Controller’s maximum (Upper Limit) gate limiter setpoint will follow the actual gate position while rest of the governor functionality remains unchanged. Creep Detect Disable Input (20BTX)

Creep Detect disable input will disable the creep detection logic. Unit creeping relay will not pick up if this input is TRUE.


MODBUS Communication A set of Modbus Read Only Status Registers are available for the PLC Clock, Heart Beat, Governor Variables, Alarm Words, Target Words etc. Another set of Modbus write enabled registers are available for programmable parameter settings. These registers can be written only when the setting change enable switch is at ON position. This is to prevent unintentional parameter write or cyber-attacks. Modbus Memory Allocation

Below table summarises the Modbus Memory allocations;

Start Address End Address Description %MW10 %MW13 Time Sync data in BCD format for HMI (4 words) %MW15 %MW16 Governor Configuration Word %MW20 %MW23 Discrete Command bits (4 words for HMI CMD) %MW25 %MW29 Discrete Command Enable bits (4 words for HMI En) %MW30 %MW36 Governor Clock Data as integers %MW38 %MW39 Governor Heart Beat as a Real Number (0-9999) %MW40 %MW41 Governor Heart Beat as an Integer (0-9999) %MW42 %MW44 16x3 Discrete Status bits (3 words) %MW100 %MW178 Analog Status Registers %MW200 %MW203 Alarm Words (4 words) %MW300 %MW319 Governor Basic Parameters %MW320 %MW339 Soft Start Parameters %MW340 %MW359 Soft Stop Parameters Valve Dither Parameters %MW360 %MW369 Gate PD loop Parameters %MW370 %MW379 Off-line Speed PID loop %MW380 %MW389 Parameters On-line Speed PID Parameters_0 %MW390 %MW399 On-line Speed PID Parameters_1 %MW400 %MW419 Governor Load Parameters %MW420 %MW439 Governor Unload Parameters %MW440 %MW459 Governor Protection Parameters %MW460 %MW469 Governor Test Parameters (steps & gate timing tests) %MW480 %MW489 Governor Gate Position Switch Setpoint Parameters %MW490 %MW500 Governor Setpoint Raise Lower Parameters %MW1401 %MW1514 OI/PI Event Queue communication: RESERVED %MW2001 %MW2007 HMI Alarm and Target Communication: RESERVED %MW2010 %MW2229 HMI Alarm Page Buffer: RESERVED %MW3010 %MW3229 HMI Target Page Buffer: RESERVED


%MW4010 %MW4713 Event Configuration (4 Integers x 16 bits x 11 Words) : RESERVED %MW5000 %MW5383 Analog Input Scaling %MW6000 %MW6383 Analog Output Scaling


MODBUS Commands A set of Modbus Write enabled registers are available for the various commands such as manual flush, mode selection, reset commands etc. Modbus Command Registers

Below table summarizes the Modbus Command Registers MODBUS Address

DATA TYPE

DESCRIPTION Modbus status Registers

COMMAND WORD 0:

400020.0 Boolean Governor Start Command 400020.1 Boolean Governor Stop Command 400020.2 Boolean Governor Auto Select Command 400020.3 Boolean Governor Manual Select Command 400020.4 Boolean Governor Gate Droop Select Command 400020.5 Boolean Governor Power Droop Select Command 400020.6 Boolean Governor Remote Control Enable Command 400020.7 Boolean Governor Remote Control Disable Command 400020.8 Boolean Spare 400020.9 Boolean Governor Online Power Unload Command 400020.10 Boolean Select Online Gain Schedule_0 (Stable) 400020.11 Boolean Select Online Gain Schedule_1 (Fast responsive) 400020.12 Boolean Para Write enable software switch ON Command 400020.13 Boolean Para Write enable software switch OFF Command 400020.14 Boolean Spare 400020.15 Boolean Governor Fault Reset Command

COMMAND WORD 1: 400021.0 Boolean Gate Limit Setpoint Lower-Coarse Command 400021.1 Boolean Gate Limit Setpoint Lower-Fine Command 400021.2 Boolean Gate Limit Setpoint Raise-Coarse Command 400021.3 Boolean Gate Limit Setpoint Raise-Fine Command 400021.4 Boolean Speed Setpoint Lower-Coarse Command 400021.5 Boolean Speed Setpoint Lower-Fine Command 400021.6 Boolean Speed Setpoint Raise-Coarse Command 400021.7 Boolean Speed Setpoint Raise-Fine Command 400021.8 Boolean Power Setpoint Lower-Coarse Command 400021.9 Boolean Power Setpoint Lower-Fine Command 400021.10 Boolean Power Setpoint Raise-Coarse Command 400021.11 Boolean Power Setpoint Raise-Fine Command 400021.12 Boolean Governor Soft Stop Abort (Reset) 400021.13 Boolean Governor Soft Stop Command


400021.14 Boolean Gate Open Timing Test Start Command 400021.15 Boolean Gate Close Timing Test Start Command

COMMAND WORD 2: 400022.0 Boolean Gate Test Step Enable Command 400022.1 Boolean Speed Test Step Enable Command 400022.2 Boolean Power Test Step Enable Command 400022.3 Boolean Gate Timing Test Enable Command 400022.4 Boolean Spare 400022.5 Boolean Spare 400022.6 Boolean Spare 400022.7 Boolean Spare 400022.8 Boolean Governor Speed Match Command 400022.9 Boolean Spare 400022.10 Boolean Spare 400022.11 Boolean Spare 400022.12 Boolean Spare 400022.13 Boolean Spare 400022.14 Boolean Spare 400022.15 Boolean Spare

COMMAND WORD 3: 400022.0 Boolean Reset Synchronous Condense Run Hrs. Command 400022.1 Boolean Reset Online Generation Run Hrs. Command 400022.2 Boolean Reset Rough Zone 1 Run Hrs. Command 400022.3 Boolean Reset Rough Zone 2 Run Hrs. Command 400022.4 Boolean Spare 400022.5 Boolean Spare 400022.6 Boolean Spare 400022.7 Boolean Spare 400022.8 Boolean Spare 400022.9 Boolean Spare 400022.10 Boolean Spare 400022.11 Boolean Spare 400022.12 Boolean Spare 400022.13 Boolean Spare 400022.14 Boolean Turbine Simulation Mode OFF Command (hold for 5 sec) 400022.15 Boolean Turbine Simulation Mode ON Command


MODBUS Status Modbus status registers are “READ ONLY” and contain different data types such as floating point real numbers, integers, words, bytes or Boolean (bits). Real numbers take two Modbus registers and therefore addressing of the first word will read both words whereas addressing the second register gives incorrect data. Modbus Status Registers

Below table summarises the Modbus status Registers MODBUS Address

DATA TYPE

DESCRIPTION Modbus status Registers

PLC DATE AND TIME: 400030 Integer Current Year 400031 Integer Current Month 400032 Integer Current Date 400033 Integer Current Hour 400034 Integer Current Minute 400035 Integer Current Second 400036 Integer Current millisecond 400038 Real Heart Beat Count 0-9999 increase by 1 in every second 400040 Integer Heart Beat Count 0-9999 increase by 1 in every second

GOVERNOR STATUS WORD 0: 400042.0 Boolean 1=Governor Auto 0=Governor Manual 400042.1 Boolean 1= Online 0=Offline 400042.2 Boolean 1=Power Droop 0=Gate Droop 400042.3 Boolean 1=Remote Control ON 0= Remote Control OFF 400042.4 Boolean 1=Gain Schedule_1(Fast Response) 0=GainSchedule_0(Stable) 400042.5 Boolean 1=65PV External Control 0=Governor Control 400042.6 Boolean Governor Online to SNL Ramp Down 400042.7 Boolean Governor Soft Stopping 400042.8 Boolean Governor Run 400042.9 Boolean Governor Stop 400042.10 Boolean Soft Starting; Gate Limit break away ramping 400042.11 Boolean Online Power pre-set ramping 400042.12 Boolean Online Gate Limit pre-set ramping 400042.13 Boolean Brake Apply 400042.14 Boolean Creep Detector Armed 400042.15 Boolean Governor is Speed Matching


GOVERNOR STATUS WORD 1:

400043.0 Boolean HMI Local Control (Modbus Control) Enabled 400043.1 Boolean Parameter Setting Change Enabled 400043.2 Boolean Spare 2 400043.3 Boolean Speed SW above VT speed sensing enable 400043.4 Boolean Speed SW below Brake Apply Speed 400043.5 Boolean Speed SW above Creep Speed 400043.6 Boolean Speed SW above 15% 400043.7 Boolean Speed SW above 25% 400043.8 Boolean Speed SW above 50% 400043.9 Boolean Speed SW above 85% 400043.10 Boolean Speed SW above 90% 400043.11 Boolean Speed SW above 95% 400043.12 Boolean Speed SW above Speed No Load 400043.13 Boolean Speed SW above 105% 400043.14 Boolean Speed SW above 144% 400043.15 Boolean Speed SW above 150%

GOVERNOR STATUS WORD 2: 400044.0 Boolean Spare0 400044.1 Boolean Gate Position SW above SNL 400044.2 Boolean Gate Position SW below Brake Enable Position 400044.3 Boolean Spare3 400044.4 Boolean Spare4 400044.5 Boolean Spare5 400044.6 Boolean Spare6 400044.7 Boolean Spare7 400044.8 Boolean Spare8 400044.9 Boolean Spare9 400044.10 Boolean Spare10 400044.11 Boolean Spare11 400044.12 Boolean Spare12 400044.13 Boolean Governor is on Simulation Mode 400044.14 Boolean Minor Alarm Clear (No Minor Alarms) 400044.15 Boolean Major Fault Clear (No Major Faults)

GOVERNOR ANALOG STATUS REGISTERS: 400100 Real Heart Beat Count 0-9999 increase by 1 in every second 400102 Real Gate Limit Setpoint PU 400104 Real Gate Limit PU 400106 Real Gate Limit Mechanical EU 400108 Real Gate Limit Mechanical PU 400110 Real Spare 10


400112 Real Spare 12 400114 Real Time remain in Modbus Para Write Enable 400116 Real Time remain in Modbus HMI Control Enable 400118 Real Spare 18 400120 Real Gate Position EU 400122 Real Gate Position Setpoint PU 400124 Real Gate Position PU 400126 Real Gate Position Error PU 400128 Real Mechanical Gate Position EU 400130 Real Mechanical Gate Position PU 400132 Real Valve Command PU 400134 Real Gate Open Time Elapsed in Seconds 400136 Real Gate Open Time 100% in Seconds 400138 Real Gate Close Time Elapsed in Seconds 400140 Real Gate Close Time 100% in Seconds 400142 Real Speed Setpoint PU 400144 Real Speed PU 400146 Real Speed Error in PU 400148 Real Speed Read from ZVPU0 400150 Real Speed Read from ZVPU1 400152 Real Speed Read from Generator VT 400154 Real Speed Read from Grid VT 400156 Real Spare 56 400158 Real Power EU 400160 Real Power PU 400162 Real Power /Gate Setpoint PU 400164 Real Power/Gate PU 400166 Real Spare 66 400168 Real Power /Gate Setpoint Feed Forward 400170 Real Droop Error 400172 Real Synchronous Condense Run Hrs. 400174 Real Online Generation Run Hrs. 400176 Real Rough Zone 1 Run Hrs. 400178 Real Rough Zone 2 Run Hrs. 400180 400182 400184 400186 400188 400190 Real Selectable Channel Number for the Output 400192 Real Scale Multiplier 400194 Real Output Value


Modbus Alarm Status Words

Below table summarizes each bit of the Modbus Alarm status Words MODBUS Address

DATA TYPE

DESCRIPTION Modbus Alarm status bit

ALARM WORD 0: MAJOR FAULTS (TARGETS)

400200.0 Boolean Gate Position control feedback Signal Fault 400200.1 Boolean Gate Position out of range Fault 400200.2 Boolean ZVPU Signal Fault @ Offline 400200.3 Boolean ZVPU and VT Speed Signal Fault @ Online 400200.4 Boolean Governor offline speed not changed after start 400200.5 Boolean Governor in Manual and Speed is above 105% 400200.6 Boolean 400200.7 Boolean 400200.8 Boolean 400200.9 Boolean 400200.10 Boolean 400200.11 Boolean 400200.12 Boolean 400200.13 Boolean 400200.14 Boolean 400200.15 Boolean

ALARM WORD 1: MINOR ALARMS 400201.0 Boolean PLC Battery Low 400201.1 Boolean Setting Enable SW on 400201.2 Boolean 24VDC Power Supply Fault – Power Supplies 400201.3 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 0 : CPU 400201.4 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 2 : DDO 400201.5 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 3 : ERT 400201.6 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 4 : AMI 400201.7 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 5 : AMO 400201.8 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 6 : EHC 400201.9 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 7 : EHC 400201.10 Boolean PLC Module Fault Slot 8 :spare 400201.11 Boolean spare 400201.12 Boolean spare 400201.13 Boolean spare 400201.14 Boolean spare 400201.15 Boolean spare

ALARM WORD 2: MINOR ALARMS 400202.0 Boolean Speed Matching excess time 400202.1 Boolean spare


400202.2 Boolean spare 400202.3 Boolean spare 400202.4 Boolean ZVPU#0 Signal Fault 400202.5 Boolean ZVPU#1 Signal Fault 400202.6 Boolean Gen VT Signal Fault 400202.7 Boolean Grid VT Signal Fault 400202.8 Boolean spare 400202.9 Boolean spare 400202.10 Boolean spare 400202.11 Boolean spare 400202.12 Boolean Mechanical Gate Limiter Signal Fault 400202.13 Boolean spare 400202.14 Boolean Power Signal Fault 400202.15 Boolean spare

ALARM WORD 3: MINOR ALARMS 400203.0 Boolean Gate Step Test Mode Active 400203.1 Boolean Speed Step Test Mode Active 400203.2 Boolean Power Step Test Mode Active 400203.3 Boolean Gate Timing Test Mode Active 400203.4 Boolean spare 400203.5 Boolean Para Write Software bit Enabled 400203.6 Boolean Governor in Local Control 400203.7 Boolean Governor Manual Mode Selected 400203.8 Boolean Governor in Actuator Lock 400203.9 Boolean spare 400203.10 Boolean spare 400203.11 Boolean spare 400203.12 Boolean spare 400203.13 Boolean spare 400203.14 Boolean spare 400203.15 Boolean spare


MODBUS Programmable Parameter Settings Set of Modbus registers are available for programmable parameter settings. These settings are only programmable when the setting change enable switch is at ON position. Below table summarizes the Modbus Programmable Parameter Setting Registers MODBUS Address

DATA TYPE

DESCRIPTION Modbus Programmable Parameter Setting Registers

Default Value

PARAMETER SET 1: GOVERNOR BASIC SETTINGS 400300 Real Distributor Pilot Dither Frequency in Hz 20 400302 Real Distributor Pilot Dither Amplitude in PU 0.005 400304 Real Number of teeth in the GCC tooth wheel (T) 132 400306 Real Number of Poles in the Generator (P) 56 400308 Real Rated System Frequency in Hz 60 400310 Word Governor Discrete Configuration Word B00 B01 B02 B03 1=Grid VT exists, 0=no Grid VT 1 B04 B05 B06 B07 B08 1=Soft Stop Enable, 0=no Soft Stop 1 B09 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 1=Governor Simulation Mode,, 0=Normal 0

PARAMETER SET 2: GOVERNOR START SETTINGS 400320 Real Start Gate Ramp-up Rate #1 in PU per Second 0.0125 400322 Real Soft Start Opening #1with Rate #1 in PU 0.01 400324 Real Soft Start Opening # 1 Wait Speed in PU 0.15 400326 Real Start Gate Ramp-up Rate #2 in PU per Second 0.05 400328 Real Start Breakaway Opening #2with Rate #2 in PU 0.30

PARAMETER SET 3: GOVERNOR STOP SETTINGS 400340 Real Stop Gate Ramp-down Rate#1 in PU per Second 0.025 400342 Real Stop Closing Position#1 with Rate#1 in PU 0.01 400344 Real Stop Position#1 Wait Time in Seconds 10 400346 Real Stop Gate Ramp-down Rate#2 in PU per Second 0.0125


400348 Real Stop Closing Position #2 with Rate#2 in PU 0.00 400350 Real Brake Application Speed in PU 0.25 400352 Real Brake Application Gate Position in PU 0.01 400354 Real Duration of Brake Apply in Seconds (time to release brake) 30 400356 Real Brake Application Back up Time after stop in Seconds 120

PARAMETER SET 4: GOVERNOR GATE PD CONTROL SETTINGS

400360 Real Gate Controller Proportional Gain (Kp) 3.00 400362 Real Gate Controller Integral Time Constant (Ti) in mS 0 400364 Real Gate Controller Derivative Time Constant (Td) in mS 50 400366 Real Gate Controller Derivative Time Constant divider(Kd) 10 Note: Governor PID Controller Transfer Function




PARAMETER SET 5: GOVERNOR OFFLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS

400370 Real Offline Controller Proportional Gain (Kp) 2.00 400372 Real Offline Controller Integral Time Constant (Ti) in mS 6000 400374 Real Offline Controller Derivative Time Constant (Td) in mS 10 400376 Real Offline Controller Derivative Time Constant divider(Kd) 10 Note: Governor PID Controller Transfer Function




PARAMETER SET 6: GOVERNOR ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS _0 (STABLE)

400380 Real Online Controller Proportional Gain (Kp) 4.00 400382 Real Online Controller Integral Time Constant (Ti) in mS 1500 400384 Real Online Controller Derivative Time Constant (Td) in mS 100 400386 Real Online Controller Derivative Time Constant divider(Kd) 10 Note: Governor PID Controller Transfer Function




PARAMETER SET 7: GOVERNOR ONLINE SPEED PID CONTROL SETTINGS _1 (FAST RESPONSE)

400390 Real Online Controller Proportional Gain (Kp) 6.00


400392 Real Online Controller Integral Time Constant (Ti) in mS 750 400394 Real Online Controller Derivative Time Constant (Td) in mS 50 400396 Real Online Controller Derivative Time Constant divider(Kd) 10 Note: Governor PID Controller Transfer Function




PARAMETER SET 8: GOVERNOR OFFLINE TO ONLINE LOAD SETTINGS

400400 Real Online Load Rate in PU per Second 0.02 400402 Real Online Gate Limit initial Preset in PU 0.95 400404 Real Online Power/ Gate initial Preset in PU 0.20 400406 Real Online Governor Droop Setting = �∆𝑓𝑓 𝑓𝑓⁄

∆𝑃𝑃/𝑃𝑃� = �𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝

𝑛𝑛𝑝𝑝� 0.05

400408 Real Online Feed Forward Gain (a) 0.9018 400410 Real Online Feed Forward Gain (b) -1.3592 400412 Real Online Feed Forward Gain (c) 1.4093 400414 Real Online Feed Forward Gain (d) 0.0826 400416 Real Online Feed Forward Rate Limit in pu/Sec 0.05 400418 Real Online Feed Forward Filter Time Constant Sec 1.0 Note: Feed Forward output Transfer Function


PARAMETER SET 9: GOVERNOR UNLOAD, ONLINE TO OFFLINE TRANSFER & 65SNL SETTINGS

400420 Real Limiter Un Load Rate in PU per Second 0.005 400422 Real Limiter Un Load Preset in PU, upon CB open 0.22 400424 Real Limiter Un Load Preset in PU, upon Unload CMD, Soft

Stop or SNL trip 0.18

PARAMETER SET 10: GOVERNOR PROTECTION SETTINGS

400440 Real Excess Time from “Start” to “Speed Signal” in Seconds 20.0 400442 Real Speed Signal Enable Gate Position in PU 0.05 400444 Real Time delay to pick Unit Creeping after detect pulses 2.0 400446 Real Time delay “No Pulses” for Unit Dead-stop/Creep 3.0 400448 Real Time delay to pick Unit Dead-Stop after no pulses 10 400450 Real Rough Zone 1 Gate Position Upper Threshold in PU 0.28 400452 Real Rough Zone 1 Gate Position Lower Threshold in PU 0.18 400454 Real Rough Zone 2 Gate Position Upper Threshold in PU 0.98 400456 Real Rough Zone 2 Gate Position Lower Threshold in PU 0.88


PARAMETER SET 11: GOVERNOR TEST STEP / GATE TIMING TEST SETTINGS

400460 Real Gate Test step amplitude in PU 0.00 400462 Real Speed Test step amplitude in PU 0.00 400464 Real Power Test step amplitude in PU 0.00 400466 Real Timing Test Gate Position Upper Threshold in PU 0.75 400468 Real Timing Test Gate Position Lower Threshold in PU 0.25

PARAMETER SET 12: GOVERNOR GATE POSITION SETTINGS

400480 Real Gate Position Sw1 Setpoint in PU 0.05 400482 Real Gate Position Sw2 Setpoint in PU 0.1 400484 Real Gate Position Sw3 Setpoint in PU 0.25 400486 Real Gate Position Sw4 Setpoint in PU 0.5 400488 Real Gate Position Sw5 Setpoint in PU (not used in Mica) 0.75

PARAMETER SET 13: GOVERNOR SETPOINT RATE & TIMING SETTINGS

400490 Real Gate Setpoint Raise & Lower Rate in PU/Sec 0.02 400492 Real Speed Setpoint Raise & Lower Rate in PU/Sec 0.01 400494 Real Power Setpoint Raise & Lower Rate in PU/Sec 0.005 400496 Real Gate Setpoint Raise & Lower Maximum Time in Seconds 4s 400498 Real Speed Setpoint Raise & Lower Maximum Time in Seconds 4s 400500 Real Power Setpoint Raise & Lower Maximum Time in Seconds 4s

PARAMETER SET 14: SCALE ANALOG INPUT Channel #0 401000 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale in_Max counts 9,250 401002 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale in_Min counts 750 401004 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale out_Max EU 100 401006 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale out_Min EU 0 401008 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401010 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401012 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401014 Real Analog In Ch 0 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #1 401016 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale in_Max counts 7,500 401018 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale in_Min counts 0 401020 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale out_Max EU 100 401022 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale out_Min EU 0 401024 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401026 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401028 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401030 Real Analog In Ch 1 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3


Channel #2 401032 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale in_Max counts 7,500 401034 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale in_Min counts 0 401036 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale out_Max EU 100 401038 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale out_Min EU 0 401040 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401042 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401044 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401046 Real Analog In Ch 2 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #3 401048 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale in_Max counts 9,545.63 401050 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale in_Min counts 0 401052 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale out_Max EU 500 401054 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale out_Min EU 0 401056 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401058 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401060 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401062 Real Analog In Ch 3 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #4 401064 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401066 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale in_Min counts 0 401068 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale out_Max EU 100 401070 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale out_Min EU 0 401072 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401074 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401076 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401078 Real Analog In Ch 4 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #5 401080 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401082 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale in_Min counts 0 401084 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale out_Max EU 100 401086 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale out_Min EU 0 401088 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401090 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401092 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401094 Real Analog In Ch 5 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #6 401096 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401098 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale in_Min counts 0 401100 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale out_Max EU 100 401102 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale out_Min EU 0 401104 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401106 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401108 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401110 Real Analog In Ch 6 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #7 401112 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401114 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale in_Min counts 0


401116 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale out_Max EU 100 401118 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale out_Min EU 0 401120 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401122 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401124 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401126 Real Analog In Ch 7 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #8 401128 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401130 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale in_Min counts 0 401132 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale out_Max EU 100 401134 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale out_Min EU 0 401136 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401138 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401140 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401142 Real Analog In Ch 8 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #9 401144 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401146 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale in_Min counts 0 401148 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale out_Max EU 100 401150 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale out_Min EU 0 401152 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401154 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401156 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401158 Real Analog In Ch 9 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #10 401160 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401162 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale in_Min counts 0 401164 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale out_Max EU 100 401166 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale out_Min EU 0 401168 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401170 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401172 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 0 401174 Real Analog In Ch 10 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #11 401176 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401178 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale in_Min counts 0 401180 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale out_Max EU 100 401182 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale out_Min EU 0 401184 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401186 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401188 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401190 Real Analog In Ch 11 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #12 401192 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401194 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale in_Min counts 0 401196 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale out_Max EU 100 401198 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale out_Min EU 0 401200 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale Dead Band PU 0


401202 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401204 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401206 Real Analog In Ch 12 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #13 401208 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401210 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale in_Min counts 0 401212 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale out_Max EU 100 401214 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale out_Min EU 0 401216 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401218 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401220 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401222 Real Analog In Ch 13 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #14 401224 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401226 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale in_Min counts 0 401228 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale out_Max EU 100 401230 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale out_Min EU 0 401232 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401234 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401236 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401238 Real Analog In Ch 14 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #15 401240 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401242 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale in_Min counts 0 401244 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale out_Max EU 100 401246 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale out_Min EU 0 401248 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401250 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401252 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401254 Real Analog In Ch 15 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #16 401256 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401258 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale in_Min counts 0 401260 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale out_Max EU 100 401262 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale out_Min EU 0 401264 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401266 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401268 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401270 Real Analog In Ch 16 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #17 401272 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401274 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale in_Min counts 0 401276 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale out_Max EU 100 401278 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale out_Min EU 0 401280 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401282 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401284 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401286 Real Analog In Ch 17 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3


Channel #18 401288 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401290 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale in_Min counts 0 401292 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale out_Max EU 100 401294 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale out_Min EU 0 401296 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401298 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401300 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401302 Real Analog In Ch 18 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #19 401304 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401306 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale in_Min counts 0 401308 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale out_Max EU 100 401310 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale out_Min EU 0 401312 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401314 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401316 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401318 Real Analog In Ch 19 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #20 401320 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401322 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale in_Min counts 0 401324 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale out_Max EU 100 401326 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale out_Min EU 0 401328 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401330 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401332 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401334 Real Analog In Ch 20 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #21 401336 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401338 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale in_Min counts 0 401340 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale out_Max EU 100 401342 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale out_Min EU 0 401344 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401346 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401348 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401350 Real Analog In Ch 21 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #22 401352 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401354 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale in_Min counts 0 401356 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale out_Max EU 100 401358 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale out_Min EU 0 401360 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401362 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401364 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401366 Real Analog In Ch 22 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3 Channel #23 401368 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale in_Max counts 10,000 401370 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale in_Min counts 0


401372 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale out_Max EU 100 401374 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale out_Min EU 0 401376 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale Dead Band PU 0 401378 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0.001 401380 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Sec. 0 401382 Real Analog In Ch 23 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 3

PARAMETER SET 15: SCALE ANALOG OUTPUT Channel #0 402000 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale in_Max PU 2.0 402002 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale in_Min PU 0 402004 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale out_Max Counts 10,000 402006 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale out_Min Counts 0 402008 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale Dead Band PU 0 402010 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0 402012 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 1.0 402014 Real Analog Out Ch 0 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 1.0 Channel #1 402016 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale in_Max PU 1.0 402018 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale in_Min PU 0 402020 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale out_Max Counts 10,000 402022 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale out_Min Counts 0 402024 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale Dead Band PU 0 402026 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0 402028 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 1.0 402030 Real Analog Out Ch 1 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 1.0 Channel #2 402032 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale in_Max PU 1.0 402034 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale in_Min PU 0 402036 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale out_Max Counts 10,000 402038 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale out_Min Counts 0 402040 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale Dead Band PU 0 402042 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0 402044 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 1 402046 Real Analog Out Ch 2 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 1 Channel #3 402048 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale in_Max PU +1.0 402050 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale in_Min PU -1.0 402052 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale out_Max Counts 10,000 402054 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale out_Min Counts 0 402056 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale Dead Band PU 0 402058 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale Filter time Constant Seconds 0 402060 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale Signal Fail Pickup Delay Seconds 1 402062 Real Analog Out Ch 3 Scale Signal Fail Drop Delay Seconds 1


Human Machine Interface (HMI) The HMI has two levels of users,

1. Operator Level 2. Maintenance Level

Operator level functions are readily available any time whereas the maintenance level functions are only available when the hardware parameter write enable switch is on and software write enable switch is enabled. The maintenance level times out after 30 minutes and needs to re-enable to extend the period. HMI is divided into 6 menus with below structure.

1. Home Screen 2. Alarms: Alarms, History, current status etc. 3. Trend Graph: Visual display of the past data in trend form 4. Block Diagram: Control block diagram with current data 5. Control: Control of the Governor 6. Setup: Viewing and changing Governor parameters

Although every menu is accessible with operator level privileges, any change or control in setup menu and step tests in trends menu need maintenance level privileges.

Hom

e Start Timing

Start Sequence

Stop Sequence

Running Hours

Alar

ms

Active Alarms

Alarm History

Alarm Words

Target Reset

Tren

d G

raph

Mode Control

Setpoint Control

Step Tests

Bloc

k Di

agra

m

Page 1

page 2

Cleaning Screen

Cont

rols

Basic Control

Advance Control

Analog Status

Discrete Status

Setu

p

Write Enable

Parameter Setup

Scale Analog In

Scale Analog Out

Timing Test

Simulation on/off


Home Screen

Home screen is intended for display of information only and does not have any direct control of the governor. It has 4 popup menu buttons at the right.

1. Start Timing: This popup has the information related to the soft start timing. 2. Start Sequence: This popup has the information related to the soft start Sequence. 3. Stop Sequence: This popup has the information related to the stop Sequence. 4. Run Hours: This popup has the information about running hours counters for

various Turbine states. Although these values can be seen with the operator privileges, those can only be rest with Maintenance level privileges.

Home Screen

Start Timing

Start Sequence

Stop Sequence Run Hours


Alarms Menu

Alarm screen is intended to display alarms in detail and reset any major faults (Targets). Alarm screen has three sub menus and a popup.

1. Active Alarms: gives a detailed list of all the active alarms. 2. Alarm History: gives data about past alarm trigger time & clear time. 3. Alarm Words: shows the alarm status as discrete bits. 4. Target Reset: allows resetting Targets (Major Alarms).

Alarms Menu

Active Alarms

Alarm History

Alarm Words

Target Reset

Target Reset


Trend Graph Screen

Trend Graph screen is intended to display data as a trend graph so that response to an action is visible in time domain. Trend diagram is prepopulated with most important signals with one spare that can be selected from the list of available analog values. Those available values can be selected from the list that is displayed in Analog Status section under Controls Menu. While in the Trend Graphs Menu, three popup windows are allowed.

1. Mode Control: This is to change the governor modes such as Power Droop to Gate droop, Auto to Manual, and stable PIDs to fast response PIDs etc. while looking at the time domain response.

2. Setpoint Control: This is to control the various set points of the governor while observing the response.

3. Step tests: This needs Maintenance level privileges and intended to use during tuning of the governor.

Setpoint Control

Trend Graph

Mode Control

Setpoint Control Test Steps


Block Diagram Menu

Block Diagram Menu is intended to display real time data in control block diagram format. The block diagram is divided in to two pages to reduce the congestion of data in one page. Since no operating push buttons are included in this menu, no maintenance level access is required to be in this menu. Three page selections are possible from the Block Diagram Menu.

1. Block Diagram Page 1 of 2. 2. Block Diagram Page 2 of 2. 3. Screen cleaning page: to clean the Touch Screen when it is dirty.

There are page select buttons to go back and forth between two pages in the mid left and right and there is a button to go into screen cleaning page where cleaning of the touch screen is possible without risking of pressing the actual governor operating buttons on the HMI.

Screen Cleaning page Block Diagram Page 1 of 2

Block Diagram Page 2 of 2

Block Diagram

Page 1 of 2 Page 2 of 2 Screen Cleaning


Controls Menu

Control Menu screens are intended to provide necessary operating status and information required to the operator and the “Select before Operate” type push buttons. Any action will open a pop-up window that can be either closed without causing any action if operator chosen not to or execute an action based on operators choice. There are two control pages and two information pages are possible to navigate within the Controls Menu.

1. Basic Control page: frequent operating push buttons including set point controls. 2. Advance Control page: infrequent mode control buttons including online PID gain

switching. 3. Analog Status pages: 3 pages of Analog register values that can be picked for the

display trend graph one at a time. 4. Discrete Status page: 64 bits of Governor Discrete status registers in one single

place.

Controls Menu

Basic Control

Advance Control

Analog Status

Discrete Status


Setup Menu

Set Menu screens are intended to provide read only access of the governor settings to operators and setting change for the maintenance personnel. The settings can be viewed without switching into parameter setting enable mode where are changing is only allowed when both hardware switch and software write enable switches are on. This maintenance level Software enable switch times outs in 30minutes and needs re-enabling if more than 30minute of parameter setting time is required. Setup Menu comprises many pages for parameters and various test modes as below.

Setup

Write Enable ON/OFF Parameters

1. Basic

2. Start

3. Stop

4. Gate PID

5. Ofline Speed PID

6. Stable PID

7. Fast Response PID

8. Load

9. Unload

10. Creep/ Rough Zone

11.Test Settings

12. Gate Pos. switches

13. Setpoint Adjust

Scale Analog In

AI Ch# 0-3

AI Ch# 4-7

Scale Analog Out

AO Ch# 0-3

AO ch# 4-7

Gate Timing Test

Simulation ON/OFF


Revision Notes 0 First draft: Ravi Mutukutti 2017/10/16 1 2 3 4


MICA 1-4 MODII Digital Retrofit, Governor Control Cabinet...

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Transcript of MICA 1-4 MODII Digital Retrofit, Governor Control Cabinet...