Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study...Miami Shores Village Environmental...

Miami Shores Village

Environmental Vulnerability Study

June 5, 2018

TableofContents

LISTOFTABLES:................................................................................................................................................... 4

LISTOFFIGURES .................................................................................................................................................. 4

1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................. 5

2 ABOUTMIAMISHORES ............................................................................................................................... 5

3 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 6

4 VULNERABILITYASSESSMENT................................................................................................................. 7

4.1 TIDALFLOODING............................................................................................................................................ 74.2 STORMSURGEFLOODING ............................................................................................................................104.3 RAINFALLFLOODING ...................................................................................................................................134.4 PUBLICCOMMENTARY .................................................................................................................................144.5 VULNERABILITYANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................................154.6 SUMMARYOFLOCALCOMMUNITIES ...........................................................................................................154.7 WETLANDS ...................................................................................................................................................164.8 ARCHEOLOGICALANDHISTORICALSITES...................................................................................................17

5 ADAPTATIONSTRATEGIES .....................................................................................................................17

5.1 CRITICALFACILITIES....................................................................................................................................185.1.1 ACCOMMODATIONADAPTATIONSTRATEGY ...........................................................................................................195.1.2 RETREATADAPTATIONSTRATEGY ...........................................................................................................................195.1.3 FLOODPROOFINGADAPTATIONSTRATEGY .............................................................................................................205.1.4 MINIMUMFINISHEDFLOORELEVATIONS................................................................................................................205.1.5 NATIONALFLOODINSURANCEPROGRAMPARTICIPATION ..................................................................................215.1.6 ADAPTATIONACTIONAREADESIGNATION.............................................................................................................225.2 NON-CRITICALFACILITIES ..........................................................................................................................235.3 DRAINAGESYSTEM.......................................................................................................................................245.4 ROADWAYS ...................................................................................................................................................265.5 SEWERSYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................265.6 SEAWALLS.....................................................................................................................................................27

6 LEVELOFSERVICE......................................................................................................................................28

7 PROJECTPRIORITIZATION......................................................................................................................29

7.1 MIAMISHORESESTATES .............................................................................................................................307.2 ANCOSUBDIVISION ......................................................................................................................................337.3 EVENINGSIDESUBDIVISION .........................................................................................................................347.4 RIVERBAYPARKAREA ...............................................................................................................................367.5 EARLETONSHORESAREA ............................................................................................................................387.6 NORTHBAYSHOREPARKAREA ..................................................................................................................397.7 WATERSEDGE...............................................................................................................................................41

7.8 BELVEDEREPARKAREA ..............................................................................................................................437.9 BISCAYNEBLVDEASTAREA........................................................................................................................447.10 SECTIONS2AND4 .....................................................................................................................................467.11 GOLFVIEWESTATES .................................................................................................................................47

8 ADAPTATIONPLAN ...................................................................................................................................49

8.1 CRITICALFACILITIES....................................................................................................................................518.1.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................518.1.2 LONG-TERM...................................................................................................................................................................518.2 DRAINAGEANDROADWAYS ........................................................................................................................518.2.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................518.2.2 LONG-TERM...................................................................................................................................................................528.3 SEWERSYSTEM ............................................................................................................................................528.3.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................528.3.2 LONG-TERM...................................................................................................................................................................538.4 SEAWALLS.....................................................................................................................................................538.4.1 SHORT-TERM.................................................................................................................................................................538.4.2 LONG-TERM...................................................................................................................................................................53

9 FUNDINGSTRATEGIES..............................................................................................................................53

10 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................53

11 APPENDIX...................................................................................................................................................55

ListofTables:Table1CriticalFacilitiesinMiamiShores..................................................................................................18Table22006MiamiShoresVillageNFIPCommunityRatingSystemScores ............................22Table3Non-CriticalFacilitiesOwnedbyMiamiShores.......................................................................23Table4RecommendedCapitalProjectsforSeaLevelRiseAdaptationPlanImplementation

..............................................................................................................................................................................50Table5MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanEnvisionRatingSystemPre-Analysis:Evaluation

Matrix ................................................................................................................................................................57Table6MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanLongTermCostAnalysis:EvaluationMatrix ............58Table7MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanSTAPLEEEvaluationMatrix..............................................59

ListofFiguresFigure1The2018forecastedwaterelevationatVirginiaKey ............................................................7Figure2TidalfloodingpredictionbyCoastalRiskmodelsduringthehighesttidesfor2018.

.................................................................................................................................................................................8Figure3Forecastedtidalfloodingfor2033 ................................................................................................9Figure4Forecastedtidalfloodingfor2048 .............................................................................................10Figure5Themaximumpossiblestormsurgeassociatedwithacategory1hurricane

makinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.11Figure6Themaximumfloodingfromstormsurgeassociatedwithacategory3hurricane

makinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.12Figure7Themaximumfloodingfromstormsurgeassociatedwithacategory5hurricane

makinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.13Figure8Modeledriskoffloodingduetoheavyrainfallin2018inMiamiShores. .................14Figure9NationalWetlandsInventorymapcoveringMiamiShores ..............................................17Figure10Elevationofstructures. .................................................................................................................19Figure11ProjectPlanningYearsealevelrise.........................................................................................29Figure12MiamiShoresExistingRoadConditions2018 .....................................................................60Figure13MiamiShoresFutureRoadConditions2038........................................................................61Figure14MiamiShoresExistingStormwaterFaciities2018............................................................62Figure15MiamiShoresRecommendedRoadandDrainageImprovements..............................63Figure16MiamiShoresExistingSeptic/SewerConditions2018....................................................64Figure17MiamiShoresFutureSeptic/SewerConditions2038 ......................................................65Figure18MiamiShoresRecommendedSeptic-to-SewerImprovements ....................................66Figure19MiamiShoresExistingCriticalFacilities2018.....................................................................67Figure20MiamiShoresFutureCriticalFacilities2038 .......................................................................68Figure21MiamiShoresRecommendedCriticalFacilitiesandSeawallImprovements ........69Figure22MiamiShoresExistingSeawalls2018 .....................................................................................70

MiamiShoresVillageEnvironmentalVulnerabilityStudy

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1 Introduction

CoastalRiskConsultingLLCandPennoniwereretainedbyMiamiShoresVillage,locatedinMiami-DadeCounty,Florida,toperformanEnvironmentalVulnerabilityStudyfocusingontheeffectsofsealevelrise(SLR),tidalfloodingandstormsurge.

Coastal Risk Consulting (Coastal Risk) utilized its state-of-the-art technology to modelcurrent and future flood risks due to tides, storm surge, and heavy rainfall, through theyear2048.CoastalRiskusesasacenterpieceofitsfloodmodelingthespatialextentofnon-stormornuisanceflooding,whichisrelatedtofactorssuchassealevelrise,tidalforcing,groundwater depth, and local subsidence. In addition to the locations within thecommunitywhere floodingwill likelyoccur, themodelprojectshowmanydaysperyearandhowdeeptidally-relatedfloodingwillbe.

TheCoastalRiskandPennoniTeam(theTeam)presentedmapsshowingfloodrisktothecommunityforpubliccomment.TheTeamthenworkedwithVillagestafftodevelopalevelofservicethatwouldmeet theneedsof thecommunity.Finally, theTeamdevelopedandprioritizedshort-andlong-termadaptationstrategiestoprovideMiamiShoresVillagewiththe timeline and budget information necessary to enact a successful sea level risemitigationplan.

2 AboutMiamiShores

MiamiShoresVillageisaresidentialcommunitylocatedjustnorthofMiami,Florida,onthecoastofBiscayneBay. It ishometoapproximately10,000peopleand includestwosmallcommercial areas along NE 2nd Ave and Biscayne Blvd. Biscayne Bay is the easternboundaryofthecommunity,andmostoftheshorelineisprivatelyowned.TheexceptionisBayfrontPark,whichextendsasanarrowstripbetweenNBayshoreDriveandaseawallfor3blocks.TheVillagealsoincludestheBiscayneC8drainagecanal,whichismanagedbytheSouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrict,andaprivatecanalbetweenN102ndStandN103rdSt.

TidesalongthispartofBiscayneBaynormallyrangearound2feetduetotheeffectoflunarorbital cycles, thermal expansion of water as it reaches its peak warmth during latesummerandearlyfall,andseasonalchangesinonshorewindsandatmosphericpressure.Thehighest of all annual high tides, often called "king tides", occur during the fallwhenthese factors enhance tidal levels and can lead to localized or “nuisance” flooding. Asdescribed below, Coastal Risk’s modeling framework analyzes tidal patterns andprojectionsoffuturesealevelrisetodeterminethespecificareasoflandsurfacethatwillbe affectedby tidally influenced flooding, aswell ashowoften the floodingwill occur infutureyears.

As is the case overmuch of South Florida,Miami Shores Village sits on bedrock that isprimarily limestone. Limestone ishighlyporous, so it readily stores and conductswater.


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Thepermeablenatureoflimestonemeansthatrisingsealevelswillcausetheinlandwatertable to rise, reducing the available water storage capacity of the ground. As the watertablesrise,thegroundisabletoabsorblesswaterintheeventofheavyrainfall,increasingthe risk of rainfall-induced flooding.When sea level rises to even greater heights in thecoming decades, the limestone bedrock will allow the water table to seep up from theground itself, making seawalls and other protective external barriers less effective topreventfloodinginlow-lyingareas.

3 Methodology

CoastalRiskConsultinghasdevelopedadvancedgeospatialmodelingcapabilitiesdesignedtoanalyzeandpredict currentand futureclimate impacts (flooding, tidal changes, stormsurge, sea-level rise, groundwater conditions, etc.) at the parcel-level for coastalcommunitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates.Ourproprietarymodelingframeworkforecaststheprobability of both tidal flooding and storm surge inundationon individual propertyparcels over the next 30-years. The model uses publicly-available databases and bestpractices from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which areintegratedwithCoastalRisk’s geospatial analysis tools to forecast current flood risk andfuturechangefloodingduetosealevelrise(SweetandPark,2014;Sweetetal.,2014).

KeycomponentsofCoastalRisk’smodeling includehigh-resolutionLiDARmeasurementsof surface topography. This information provides a simple graphical visualization toidentifythelocationandextentoflow-lyingareas.ItalsogivescontexttotheCoastalRiskmodelingresultsandassistswithevaluationandprioritizationofadaptionstrategies.

TheCoastalRiskmodelingframeworkintegratesthisinformationwithlocaltidalrecords,simulations of hurricane storm surge using the NOAA Sea Lake Overland Surge fromHurricanes (SLOSH) model, and scientific projections of future sea level rise to predictcurrent and future changes in flood risk. The Coastal Risk storm surge model is aproprietaryapplicationoftheNOAASLOSHmodel(NOAA,2017),whichiswidelyusedtoquantify storm surge risk (Frazier et al, 2010; Shepard et al., 2012) and in state-orderedhurricaneevacuations.

Threetypesoffloodriskareexaminedinthisdocument:1)tidalornon-storm"nuisance"flooding,whicharises fromseawaterrisingaboveexisting land;2)stormsurge floodingassociatedwithhurricanespassingoverorneartheVillage;and,3)heavyrainfallflooding,whichresultswhenrainfallexceedsthedrainageandgroundstoragecapacity.ThesectionsbelowoutlinethefloodrisksforMiamiShoresundercurrentconditionsandhighlightshowthesefloodriskswillchangeinthefutureduetosealevelrise.

TheCoastalRiskTeamheldapublicmeetinginMiamiShoresonFebruary13,2018.Atthismeeting Team staff presented their initial findings to Village staff and the public andgatheredfeedbackabouttheresidents'experienceswithfloodingduringrecentkingtidesand Hurricane Irma. Attendees had the opportunity to viewmaps indicating forecastedfloodingscenarios,tospeakwithCoastalRiskTeamstaff,andtoleavewrittencomments.Thecommentsaresummarizedbelowinsection1.4.


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4 VulnerabilityAssessment

Phase1ofthisenvironmentalvulnerabilitystudyassessestheriskofcoastalfloodingduetoextremehigh tides, stormsurge,andheavyrainfallon thebuiltenvironmentofMiamiShoresVillage,includingresidentialareasandinfrastructure.Italsoincludesasummaryofhowsomeneighboringcommunitiesareaddressingcoastalflooding.

4.1 TidalFlooding

Thissectionsummarizesthecurrentandfuturefloodrisksduetotidal floodinginMiamiShoresVillage.Tidal flooding is thetemporary inundationof low-lyingareasbyseawaterduringhightideevents.Itisnotaresultofrainfall.Thesemodelsshowwhatimpactscanbeexpected,ifnoadditionalmitigationstepsaretakentoreducethesefloodingrisks.

Figure 1 The 2018 forecasted water elevation at Virginia Key, the closest NOAA tidal gauge to Miami ShoresSource:Dr.BrianMcNoldy,Univ.ofMiami,CoastalRiskScienceAdvisor.


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Figure2TidalfloodingpredictionbyCoastalRiskmodelsduringthehighesttidesfor2018.

Figure2showsthemodelpredictions for tidal floodingduring thehighestexpected tidalevents of 2018. The northern neighborhood of Shores Estates is highly exposed to tidalflooding, aswell as some low-lying pockets directly adjacent to the canals and BiscayneBay. These findings are consistent with the comments that residents and Village staffexpressedaboutareasoftheirhighestconcern.


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Figure3Forecastedtidalfloodingfor2033

Next,CoastalRiskextendedthetidalfloodanalysisillustratedaboveintothefutureusingprojectionsofsealevelrisecreatedbyNOAA.By2033,theareaaffectedbytidalfloodinghas increased due to rising sea levels. More properties are impacted, including severalcaseswherewaterextendsseveralblocksfromtheshorelineorcanal.Inthissituation,thegroundwater ishigher, levelsof inundationarehigher,drainagesystemsarecompletelyflooded,anditwilltakelongertodrainthearea.


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Figure4Forecastedtidalfloodingfor2048

Over the next three decades, tidal flooding is projected to affect ever-increasing areas,includingasignificantnumberofprivateresidentialpropertiesthatcurrentlyhaveseptictanks, as well as roads and drainage systems. The public golf course will be heavilyimpacted.Thismap indicates the floodingexpectedon thehighest tides,butmanyof theareasmarkedonthismapcanexpectfloodingtohappenmuchmorefrequentlythroughouttheyear.

4.2 StormSurgeFlooding

ThissectionsummarizesthecurrentandfuturefloodrisksduetostormsurgefloodinginMiami Shores. Storm surge refers to the increased water levels generated by a tropicalcycloneduetothestrongwindsandloweratmosphericpressure.Stormsurgesoccurforallcategoriesoftropicalcyclones,fromatropicalstormuptoacategory5hurricane.

Whilethesurgegenerallyincreaseswiththeintensityofthestorm,thereareanumberofadditional factors thataffectstormsurge.These factors includethesizeof thestorm, thepath of the storm prior to landfall, the proximity of the point of landfall, the coastaltopographyandoffshoreoceanbathymetry,andthetimingofthestormsarrivalwithlocaltides.

Theanalysisbelowpresentsthemaximumsurgethatwouldresultfromacategory1,3,or5 hurricane under current sea level conditions. According to the US National HurricaneCenter,theoddsofahurricanecomingwithin50nauticalmilesoftheMiamiShoresareais12.5%foranygivenyear.Foramajorhurricane,definedascategory3orhigher,theodds


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ofoneimpactingtheregionisabout6%inanygivenyear(NationalHurricaneCenter).

Assealevelrises,thedepthofstormsurgewillalsoincrease.Becausethistypeoffloodingcoincideswithhighwinds,waves,andintenserain,theincreaseddepthoffloodwaterswillbeallthemoredestructive.

Figure5Themaximumpossiblestormsurgeassociatedwithacategory1hurricanemakinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.

Figure 5 depicts the depth of the storm surge (above ground) that will be experiencedunder current sea level conditions from a hypothetical category 1 hurricane thatmakeslandfallonornearMiamiShores.Thisfigurecorrelateswellwiththeconditionsdescribedby residents when Irma impacted Miami Shores with tropical storm-force winds inSeptember2017.


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Figure6Themaximumfloodingfromstormsurgeassociatedwithacategory3hurricanemakinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.

As indicatedinFigure6,acategory3stormwouldbringsignificantlyhigherwater levelsintotheVillage,impactingallpropertieseastofUS1andnearlyallpropertiesnorthoftheBiscayneC8canal.Inthemostlow-lyingareas,residentscouldexpectmorethan4feetoffloodwater,unlesspublicandprivateadaptationmeasuresaretakentoreducetherisk.


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Figure7Themaximumfloodingfromstormsurgeassociatedwithacategory5hurricanemakinglandfallnearMiamiShoresduringhightideunder2018sealevelconditions.

Figure7 shows thedevastating impacts that couldbeexpected if a category5hurricanewere to pass near Miami Shores. The flooding would be widespread, impacting nearlyeveryproperty in theVillage.Near the shoreline, floodwaters couldbe over8 feet deep.Thistypeoffloodingwouldbealsoaccompaniedbyhighwindsandwaveslikelytocauseseveredamagetopropertyandinfrastructure.

4.3 RainfallFlooding

Rainfall flooding canoccurwhenprecipitation infiltrates into the ground and causes thewatertabletoriseabovenormallevels.Poordrainagecanleadtolargeareasofstandingwaterafter even small rainstorms.As sea level rises,heavy rainfall floodingwill becomemoreandmorefrequentastheaveragewatertableheightrisesinthelimestonebedrockunderneath,andthegroundbecomeslessabsorbentinheavyrainevents.


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Figure8Modeledriskoffloodingduetoheavyrainfallin2018inMiamiShores.

Figure8showstheareasthatthemodelforecastswillbeimpactedbywateraccumulationand poor drainage due to heavy rainfall. Many properties within one block of the Bayshorelineandalong theprivate canalareat severe riskof floodingdue toheavy rainfall.Numerousattendeesofthepublicmeetingmentioneddrainageproblemsintheiryardsandalleysdue toheavyandsometimes justmoderaterainfall, includingseveralhomeownerswholiveinthehighriskareasindicatedinFigure8.

4.4 PublicCommentary

Coastal Risk hosted a public meeting in Miami Shores on February 13, 2018. Of theapproximately25attendeesatthepublicmeeting,14leftwrittencommentsandmanyalsospoke directly with Coastal Risk staff to ask questions and offer feedback about theirexperiencesandconcerns.

The residents who attended themeeting were all very concerned about flooding in theVillage,andofferedmanyquestionsaboutwhenandhowtheVillagewouldbetakingactionto resolve theproblems.Residentsmentionednumerous impacts fromsea level rise andflooding including: water damage to vehicles, impassable roads, concerns about slowedemergencyresponse,erosion,mosquitoesbreeding instandingwater, failedseptic tanks,concernsabout lossofpropertyvalues,andexpensiverepairs in thewakeof Irma.Manyattendees expressed a sense of urgency and appealed for quick action to address thefloodingproblems.


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Numerous people who reviewed the tidal flooding maps confirmed that the mapsaccurately reflect the areas that experienced problems during king tides of 2017 andduringHurricaneIrmainSeptember2017.

In the written feedback, attendees were asked about their personal experiences withfloodinginMiamiShores,aswellasthecausesandfrequencyofthatflooding.Morethanhalf of the respondents said that flooding happens frequently, while one said that theirgarage had flooded for the first time in 48 years due to the Irma-related storm surge.Participantsmentionedtides,stormsurgeandheavyrainfallinroughlyequalnumbersascausesfortheirflooding.

4.5 VulnerabilityAnalysis

Thisanalysis shows thatpartsofMiamiShoresarehighlyvulnerable to coastal flooding.TheVillageiscurrentlyexperiencingfloodingduetothecombinedeffectsofsealevelrise,high tides, storm surge, elevated ground water and heavy rainfall. These floods causenegative impactstotheVillage, includingdamagetopropertyandinfrastructure,coststomitigatetheflooding,andimpactstothequalityoflife.

ThemodelsindicatethatthemostvulnerableareaofMiamiShoresistheneighborhoodofShoresEstates.DiscussionswithresidentsandVillagestaffconfirmthatthisneighborhoodiscurrentlyexperiencingfloodingduringhightidesandduringheavyrains.Unlessactionistakentoreducefloodinginthisarea,problemssuchasmalfunctioningsepticsystemsandimpassableroadswillcauseextremehardships toresidents in the futureaswellasraisepublichealthandsafetyconcerns.

Assealevelrises,floodingwillbecomemorewidespreadthroughtheVillage.Theareasofflooding will extend to include more properties, and the higher water levels will causemoredamageandtakelongertorecede.

4.6 SummaryofLocalCommunities

Many areas in South Florida are experiencing coastal flooding more severely and morefrequently in recent years. These floods can cause damage to buildings and floodedroadways.Stormdrainsthatweredesignedtoflowoutcanbeblockedwhensealevelrisesabove the outfall, and in some cases water can backflow up into streets (FL Sea Grant,2018).

Someareasareaddressingproblemsastheyarise,implementingtargetedmitigationstepssuch as regulating minimum sea wall heights, drainage improvements including roaddesign and pump stations, and shifting from septic to sanitary sewer systems. LargermunicipalitiessuchasMiamiBeacharetakingamorecomprehensiveapproachtosealevelriseandfloodingwithapublicoutreachcampaign,stormwatermasterplan,andsignificantinvestmentininfrastructureoverlongtimescales(MiamiBeachRisingAbove,2018).

TwosouthFloridamunicipalitiesrecentlyestablishedaminimumelevationforpublicandprivate sea walls in an effort tomaintain a consistent barrier along their shorelines. In


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2016, both Fort Lauderdale and Miami Beach updated regulations on sea wall heights,mandating that any seawallsbuilt or substantially improvedmust complywith thenewstandards (all given in feetNorthAmericanVerticalDatumof1988orNAVD88). InFortLauderdale, theminimumallowableseawallheight isnow3.9 feet (Ft.LauderdaleULDRArtIII,§47-19.3).InMiamiBeach,theregulationspecifiesthatpublicseawallsmustbeatleast 5.7 feet while private sea walls have a lower standard of 4 feet (Miami BeachMunicipalCode,ArtVI,§66-155).

During the course of this study,Miami Shores passed regulations requiring that all newconstructionorsubstantialimprovementofprivateseawallsmustbeatleast4.1ftNAVD88(equivalent to 5.5 ft. NGVD, another vertical datum that is used for the regulation).Additionally, theregulationstronglyencouragesowners tobuildseawalls thatarestrongenoughtobearanadditionalfootofelevationinthefuture.

Road flooding is becoming increasingly commonandproblematic throughout the region.Consequently, areas such asMonroeCounty (RhondaHaag, personal communication, Feb14, 2018) andMiami Beach (Miami Beach Rising Above, 2018) are investing in elevatingtheirroadwaysaboveforecastedfloodlevels.Roadelevationrequires long-termplanningand a significant investment of public funds. It also requires proper design to maintainstreetscapes and improvements in drainage to avoid increased flooding in adjacent lowareasandprivateproperties.

Phase 2 of this reportwill investigate actions such as those described above, andmakerecommendationsaboutwhichadaptationoptionsaremostsuitableforMiamiShores.

4.7 WetlandsThe NationalWetland Inventory for Miami Shores shows the pond located just west ofMiamiShoresElementarySchoolastheonlyfreshwaterresourceinthearea(seeFigure9).This pond is privately held by the surrounding residential properties. The proposedadaptationmeasuresarelocatedinpreviouslydisturbedresidentialandlightcommercialneighborhoods.


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Figure9NationalWetlandsInventorymapcoveringMiamiShores.Source:USFishandWildlifeService

4.8 ArcheologicalandHistoricalSitesTheFloridaDepartmentofHistoricalResourceswascontactedtodetermineifhistoricaland/orarcheologicalsiteswerepresentintheplanningarea.NoarcheologicalsitesarereportedinMiamiShores,butnumeroushistoricalstructuresarepresent.Thelistedresourcesincludenumerousstructuresbuiltpriorto1950includinghomes,therailroad,andthebridgeovertheC8Canal(seeAppendixforfulllist).Althoughtheproposedadaptationmeasuresarelocatedonexistingpreviouslydisturbedanddevelopedpublicly-ownedproperty,theDepartmentwillneedtobeconsultedpriortostartofconstructiontoensurethatnoarcheologicaland/orhistoricalsiteswillbedisturbed.

5 AdaptationStrategies

The next phase in the adaptationplandevelopment is identifying thekey infrastructure componentswithin the “at-risk” areas identifiedin the Vulnerability Analysis phaseand evaluating appropriateadaptation strategies. Thesestrategies are chosen from proven


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techniquestominimizetheVillage’sriskofdamageresultingfromtheidentifiedhazards.Inthisreport,ourgoalistominimizedamageresultingfromincreasingsealevelsandtheaccompanyingflooding.

ThefirststepindeterminingwhatstrategiesareappropriatefortheVillageistoevaluatethe condition of the existing infrastructure. We then determine what types ofimprovementscanmitigatefuturedamage.

5.1 CriticalFacilities

Critical facilities provide functions essential to a community, includingduring a disaster.These include police and fire stations, health care facilities, schools, potable waterproduction facilities,wastewater treatment facilities,andpowergenerating facilities.Thelist also includes those areas thatwould causewidespread harm if theywere damaged,suchaschemicalstoragefacilitiesandlevees.

Table1CriticalFacilitiesinMiamiShores

Ideally,criticalfacilitiesshouldbelocatedoutsideofhighhazardriskareasandmostoftheVillagescriticalfacilities(Figure19,seeAppendix)areoutsideofthefloodzones.Anotherconsiderationisaccessintoandoutofthecriticalfacilities.AsshowninFigures12and13(seeAppendix),accessroutestotheVillage’scriticalfacilitiesarenotanticipatedtoflood,exceptduringextremestormevents.


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5.1.1 AccommodationAdaptationStrategy

One of the most common adaptation strategies, which virtually eliminates the risk offloodingtofacilities,istoaccommodatethehazardousconditionbyraisingfacilitiesabovethe flood elevation. Typical considerations when accommodating the floods by raisingexistinghomesareshownbelow. Requiringthehomestobeelevatedwithstemwallsasshown rather than filling entire lots reduces the impacts to the flood plain and historicdrainagepatternsaremaintained.ThisrequirementissimilartoMiamiShoresOrdinance706-14, SectionR322.3.2 for construction in FloodHazardAreas. Any structures locatedwithintheVZone,mustberaisedonpiersorpilingstoallowwatertoflowthrough.

Buildings canbe raised in their entiretyorby creating ahigher floorwithin the existingwallsandraisingtheroof.Raisingthedrivewaysandpublicroadwaysmayrequireuseofapumpeddrainage system tomaintainexistingdrainagepatterns.Thisoptionwould limitdamagetobuildings,butwouldnotnecessarilyprovideadryrouteforresidentstoaccessthehomesduringrainevents.

Figure10ElevationofstructuresFigurecredit:FEMA.NOTE:ThelowestoccupiedfloorinAzonestructuresandthebottomofthelowestbeaminVzonestructuresshouldberaisedtoBFE+freeboard,asdefinedinASCE24.

5.1.2 RetreatAdaptationStrategy

Anotheradaptationstrategy,whichvirtuallyeliminatetheriskoffloodingtofacilities,istoretreat fromthehazardbymovingthe facilitiesoutof theareaatrisk for flooding. If thebuildingsweremovedoutof the floodpronearea, also referred to as “managed retreat”from the hazard, the area within the flood plain would be restricted from futuredevelopment.FortheVillage,thiswouldmeanacquiringblocksofprivatelyownedhomes


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nearthewaterfront.Thefloodproneareascouldstillbeusedforpassivepurposessuchaspublicparks.However,residentswouldbedisplaced,andtheVillagetaxableareawouldbereduced.

5.1.3 FloodproofingAdaptationStrategy

There are two categories of protective measures to cope with flooding without movingbuildingsorstructures:dryfloodproofingandwetfloodproofing.

Dry floodproofing reduces the probability that water will enter a structure or area bysealingopeningsinadvanceofanticipatedfloodconditions.Structuresmustbeevaluatedto ensure they could withstand increased pressures, withstand impact from debris, andresistfloatationwhilethesurroundingareaisunderwater.Ruggedizingthestructure(e.g.usemoistureresistantbuildingmaterials)mayberequired.FEMAfundingcannotbeusedforthistypeofprotectivemeasureinnew,substantiallyimproved,orpreviouslydamagedstructures located within flood plains. ASCE 24 permits dry-floodproofing in non-residentialstructures,bothnewandretrofitprojects,exceptwithinFloodZoneV.ThistypeofimprovementdoesnotusuallyhelpgainareductioninFloodInsurancepremiums.Dryfloodproofing techniques are best used as short-term measures to combat existingconditions or in areas which only flood occasionally and for short durations. Woodenstructuresarenormallynotgoodcandidatesfordryfloodproofing.Theincreasedbuoyancyforces on theunderside of the foundation slabmust be evaluatedprior to implementingthistypeofstrategy.

Wet floodproofingallows the floodwaters to flow into and through the structureor areawithoutcausingdamage.Structurescouldberaisedonstemwalls(noadditionalareasofthe floodplainwouldbe filledother thandirectlybelow thebuildings).NFIPregulationsonlygrantspremiumdiscountsforwetfloodproofingifitisusedonpreviouslydamagedor substantially improved structures that are used solely for storage or building access.Improved areas must be evaluated to verify the openings in the structure or area aresufficienttopreventhydrostaticpressurefromthefloodwatersfromcausingdamage.Allelectricalconnectionsandcomponentswouldalsoneedtoberetrofittedtooperatesafelyunder submerged conditions. Possible damage from floating debris impacting structuresshouldalsobeconsidered.Thelocalfloodplainadministratorshouldbeconsultedpriortoimplementingthisstrategy.

5.1.4 MinimumFinishedFloorElevations

Miami Shores current Code of Ordinances Section 6-6 (Ordinance 706-14) requires newresidentialconstructiontohaveminimumfinishedfloorelevationatthehigherof:

• Eightinchesabovethehighestabuttingroadcrown• The elevation specified in the Florida Building Code for structures withinFloodHazardAreas.


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Non-residential structuresare required tohaveminimumfinished floorelevationsat thehigheroffourinchesabovethehighestabuttingroadcrownandtheFloridaBuildingCodeelevationforstructuresinFloodHazardAreas.

MiamiShoresCodeSection6-12(Ordinance2018-020 defines FloodHazardAreas as all areas thathavedetermined tobeprone to flooding,butnotsubject to high velocity wave action. In areasdesignated Zone AO on the Federal FloodInsurance RateMaps (FIRM), the lowest floor ofstructures must be at least two feet above theelevation established on the FIRM or three feetabove the highest adjacent [road] grade, if anelevationisnotestablishedontheFIRM.

The requirements listed above apply to new construction. An adaptation strategy tominimizefloodingrisksistorequireexistingbuildingswithinFloodHazardAreastomeetthecurrentcoderequirementsbytheendoftheplanningperiod(2038).

5.1.5 NationalFloodInsuranceProgramParticipation

Since 2000, the Village of Miami Shores has participated in both the National FloodInsurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS), which provides floodinsurancediscountstopropertieswithintheVillage.In2017,theVillagehad877policieswith premiums of $852,275 and insured values of $231 million. The policies coverapproximately25%ofthehomeswithintheVillage.Since1978,therehavebeen113floodinsuranceclaimsfiledwithintheVillage.Onepropertyhasrepetitivelosses.Toparticipatein CRS, the Village complieswith certain requirements includingmaintaining records ofFEMA Elevation and Floodproofing Certificates, prohibiting placement of fill within thefloodplain, freeboard requirement for finished floor elevations on new buildings,permanent off-site storage of flood and building related documents, and an annualinspection of critical facilities located within the floodplain. As a result of the Village’sparticipation in the program, residents receive discounted flood insurance therebylessening the risk of loss to individual property owners. In 2004, the Village had 1421credit points, giving them a Class 8 rating resulting in a 10%discount for Special FloodHazardArea(SFHA,includingFloodZonesA,AE,A1-A30,V,V1-V30,AO,andAH)and5%discount for non-SHRA (Flood Zones B, C, X, and D). For every additional 500 creditsearnedbytheVillage,thediscountwillincreaseby5%uptoamaximumof45%.


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Table22006MiamiShoresVillageNFIPCommunityRatingSystemScores

5.1.6 AdaptationActionAreaDesignationThe Florida Growth Management Act [Sections 163.3164(1) and 163.3177(6)(g)(10)]includes an optional comprehensive plan designation for areas that are vulnerable tocoastalfloodingduetoextremehightides,stormsurge,andimpactsofsealevelrise.TheComprehensivePlanCoastalManagementElementwould includeapolicy framework foridentifying theactionareasandamechanismfor improvingcommunityresiliencewithinthoseareas.Whilenofundingiscurrentlytargetedforareaswiththisdesignation,creationofAdaptationActionAreasunderthis lawwouldformally identifythoseareaswithintheVillage thatareparticularlyvulnerable to flooding.Miami-DadeCounty’s2015Feasibility


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Assessment found Adaption Action Areas (AAA) to be a useful tool to bridge the gapbetweenVulnerabilityStudiesandprojectimplementation.Miami-DadeCountyPolicyLU-3L requires the county to work with local municipalities to identify AAA and developpoliciesforadaptationandenhancefundingpotentialforinfrastructureprojectswithinthedesignatedAAA.

5.2 Non-CriticalFacilitiesNon-criticalfacilitiesprovidefunctionsthataddtothequalityoflifewithinthecommunity,but are not essential for public health or safety. Examples include parks and libraries.Damage to these facilities should beminimized, but they are usually a lower priority toprotectthancriticalfacilities.

Table3Non-CriticalFacilitiesOwnedbyMiamiShores

As discussed in detail in the Critical Facilities section, the following strategies may beimplemented by the Village to mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels, surface waterelevations,andgroundwatertablesonNon-CriticalFacilities.

RetreatfromHazard:Buildingswouldbemovedoutofthefloodpronearea,alsoreferredto as “managed retreat” from the hazard, and the area within the flood plain would berestricted from futuredevelopment.For theVillage, thiswouldmeanacquiringblocksofprivatelyownedhomesnearthewaterfront.Thefloodproneareascouldstillbeusedforpassive purposes such as public parks. However, residents would be displaced, and theVillagetaxableareawouldbereduced.

Rise above Hazard: The finished floors of residential buildings would be raised to beabove the predicted flood elevation. Requiring buildings to be elevatedwith stemwalls


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ratherthanfillingentirelotsreducestheimpactstothefloodplainandmaintainshistoricdrainage patterns. Buildings can be raised in their entirety or by creating a higher floorwithintheexistingwallsandraisingtheroof.Thisoptionwouldlimitdamagetobuildingsbutwouldnotnecessarilyprovideadryrouteforresidentstoaccessthehomesduringrainevents.

Dry Floodproofing: Dry floodproofing reduces the probability that water will enter astructureorareabysealingopeningsinadvanceofanticipatedfloodconditions.Structuresmustbeevaluatedtoensuretheycouldwithstand increasedpressures,withstand impactfromdebris,andresistfloatationwhilethesurroundingareaisunderwater.Ruggedizingthestructure(e.g.usemoistureresistantbuildingmaterials)mayberequired.FEMAdoesrecognize this typeof protectivemeasure fornew, substantially improved, or previouslydamagedstructureslocatedwithinfloodplains.Woodenstructuresarenormallynotgoodcandidatesfordryfloodproofing.Dryfloodproofingtechniquesarebestusedasshort-termmeasurestocombatexistingconditionsor inareaswhichonly floodoccasionallyand forshortdurations.WetFloodproofing:Wet floodproofing allows the floodwaters to flow into and throughthestructureorareawithoutcausingdamage.Structurescouldberaisedonstemwalls(noadditionalareasofthefloodplainwouldbefilledotherthandirectlybelowthebuildings).NFIP regulations only recognize wet flood proofing if it is on previously damaged orsubstantially improved structures used solely for storage or building access. Improvedareasmust be evaluated to verify the openings in the structure or area are sufficient toprevent hydrostatic pressure from the flood waters from causing damage. All electricalconnections and components would also need to be retrofitted to operate safely undersubmergedconditions.Possibledamage from floatingdebris impactingstructuresshouldalsobeconsidered.

5.3 DrainageSystemAsrainfallsontheVillage,muchofthestormwaterflowsacrossyardsandgrassedareastotheroadsandgutters.ThewatertheneitherentersthegroundwaterthroughexfiltrationorisdischargeintosurfacewaterssuchastheC-8Canal(BiscayneCanal)andBiscayneBay.The Village currently has one stormwater pump, located near NE 93rd Street and NBayshoreDrive.

CollectionandConveyance:Inapproximately50%oftheVillage,stormwateriscollectedin the gutters and roadside swales before being discharged into the aquifer or surfacewaters.TheremainderoftheVillagereliesonsheetflowforstormwaterconveyancewherethe rainfall flows across the land. South Florida stormwater conveyance systems aredesignedformoderaterainfallevents(8inchesin24hours).

Standingfloodwaterisdefinedas“black”water;containingpollutantssuchasrawsewage,petroleum and other chemicals, heavymetals and other substances harmful to humans.These substances can be difficult to remove from porous and semi-porous materialsincludinguncoatedconcreteandsoil.Inaddition,muchofthefloodwaterinMiamiShorescontainssalt,whichkillsvegetationandincreasesthecorrosionrateofmanymaterials.In


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order to reduce public health risks and reduce damage to public and privately ownedinfrastructure,floodwaterneedstobemovedquicklyoutofneighborhoods.

Much of Miami Shores existing stormwater conveyance system includes asphalt guttersdirectingwater to inletswith discharge into the C-8 Canal (Biscayne Canal) or BiscayneBay. Highwater conditionswithin the canaloften result in reverse flowwithin thepipenetworkresultinginroadwayflooding.

Typical stormwater conveyance systems within the Village are shown below. There areperiodic inlets and percolation wells, but not always a conveyance system to directstormwaterintothoseinlets.

Providingguttersalongroadwayswill improve thestormwaterconveyancerate inmanyneighborhoods. Adding stormwater inlets and pipes in those few neighborhoods withswales, will reduce standing water but will also eliminate the water quality benefitprovidedbytheswales.

Exfiltration Trenches and French Drains: This strategy has been used in areas withlocalized ponding such on NE 96th Street west of NE 10th Avenue. They can reduce therunoff to lower areas of the Village and improve water quality before it reaches theBiscayneBayandC-8Canal(BiscayneCanal).

Asthegroundwatercontinuestorise,thesesystemswillbecomelesseffective.Theycanbesupplemented with pumped injection wells and surface water discharge points. Waterquality treatmentwill need to be provided prior to pumping stormwater into either theBiscayneCanalorBiscayneBay.Waterqualitytreatmentcanbeprovidedbybaffleboxes,vortexdevices,biologicalfilters,orchemicaltreatment.

FlapGatesandTemporaryPlugsonGravityOutfalls:ThesestrategiesareinuseontheVillage’s existing outfalls. Flap gates located at the downstream end of the outfalls arefrequently clogged by debris. To inspect and maintain the flap gates, someone mustphysically get to the gate location anddo anunderwater inspection.The gates require acertainamountofhead(waterheight)tobuildupbeforetheywillopen.Theyarepronetobeingstuckintheopenpositionbydebrisandneedtobereplacedperiodically.

ViewsofNE11thAvenuestormwaterconveyance(left)andNE104thStreet(right)


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TheVillage currently prevents tidalwater from flowing up the stormpipes bymanuallyplacingplugsintheupstreamendofthepipewithinamanholeorsimilarstructure.TheseplugsareplacedbyVillagestaffinadvanceofkingtidesorotherpredictedhightideeventsandthenremovedoncetideshavereturnedtonormal.

5.4 RoadwaysHistorically, minimum roadway elevationsinMiami-DadeCountyaresetbasedonthehigher of the ten-year, one-daygroundwater elevation and the five-year,one-week groundwater elevation plus 18inches (Dade County BCC 1959). SouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrictcurrentdesign standards are for the roadwaycrown to be at least two feet above thebasincontrolelevation.

The structural integrity of roads isdependentonthebaselayersofcompactedsoil and crushed limerock, shellrock, orconcrete. These lower layers do not havethe same weight bearing capacity whensaturated. Rising groundwater forces airtrapped in thesoilsbeneath thepavementtowardthesurface,increasingpressureonimperviousroadsurfaceandcreatingbuoyancyissues.Theroadsmayexperiencestabilityissueswhen vehicles drive across pavement in areaswith highwater tables or standingwater,resultinginpavementcracksandpotholes.

AsshownonFigure12(seeAppendix),VillageroadwayseastofNE12thAvenuearetidallyinfluenced todaywithoccasional floodingby saltwater.The salt reactswith the roadwayandutilitymaterialsresultinginareducedlifeexpectancyandhighermaintenancecosts.

5.5 SewerSystemMostoftheresidences,businesses,andmunicipalfacilitieswithintheVillagerelyonsepticsystems and drain fields for treatment and disposal ofwastewater. Low-lying areas andhigh-water table present difficult conditions for efficient on-site wastewater treatment.Many of the homes adjacent to the waterfront have drain fields lower than the waterelevations within the adjacent canal. Septic system failures within the Village of MiamiShoresrepresentapotentialpublichealthhazardandwaterquality.

The septic systemsdisposeof the treatedwastewater throughdrain fields locatedabovethe groundwater table.As the groundwater table rises, however, the effectivenessof thedrain fields will decrease and eventually fail to operate. Prior to complete failure, theground above the drain fieldwill become “mushy” from the backed up partially treatedsewage,toiletsanddrainswillbeslowflushordrain,sewagemaybackupintothehouse,


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andodorswillbecomemoreprevalent from the sewagebecomingstagnant.Older septictanksmaycollapseormoveupward,ifemptiedwhileunderfloodwater.Wastewatermayalso contain disease causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Once they mix with floodwaters, it isdifficultforresidentstoavoidcontactwithcontaminatedwater.Tominimizepublic health risks, private septic systems should be replaced with a centralized sewersystem.

Soils inthisareahavehightomoderatepercolationratesandprovideminimalbiologicaltreatmenttotheseptictankeffluent.TheFloridaAquiferVulnerabilityAssessment(FAVA)program shows the Village falls within an area of moderate vulnerability to aquifercontaminationfromland-basedcontamination.

Manyofthesepticsystemsintheareaarepasttheirusefullife,withsomealreadyfailing.Non-functionalsepticsystemshaveahighpotentialforenvironmentalcontaminationandasubsequenthealthrisktothepublic.

InkeepingwithinitiativestoeliminateprivatesepticsystemsthroughoutFlorida,improvewaterquality,andprovideavitalpublicservicetothecommunity;connectingthelow-lyingareas of the Village to centralized sewer will help alleviate the existing deficiency. TheVillage recentlyentered intoanagreementwithMiami-DadeCounty foroperationof thenewsewersystemservingthecommercialareaalongNE2ndAvenue.

5.6 SeawallsThe condition and top elevation of theexisting seawalls and floodwalls are notadequate to protect the Village from highwaterlevelsinBiscayneBayortheC-8Canal.The construction materials, condition, andtop elevation of the seawalls varies frompropertytoproperty. Inaddition, floodwallsare not present on all the low-lyingpropertiesalong theC-8 canal including theVillage owned golf course. Earlier in 2018,the Village adopted Ordinance 2018-04whichsettheminimumseawallelevationat5.5ftNGVD.

MostofthewaterfrontpropertyintheVillageisunderprivateownership,whichincludesthe majority of seawalls and floodwalls. Elevating the seawalls will provide additionalprotection from tidal flooding but may impact the property owners view of the water.Within Flood Zone V, ASCE 24 and Code Sections 8.5-78 and 8.5-79 allow only minoramounts of nonstructural fill are allowed and an analysis by a registered professional isrequired which demonstrates the proposed modification will not increase damage toadjacent structures. The impact of floodwater diversion and wave runup should beincludedintheanalysis.Anotherconsiderationisthatthefoundationsforexistingseawallsmaynotbestructurallyadequatetosupportahigherseawall,requiringtheentireseawalltoberebuiltratherthanjustmadetaller.

FromVitousek,etal.,ScientificReports,May2017


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6 LevelofServiceThe next step in the Adaptation Plandevelopment is to determine Levels ofService for each of the infrastructurecomponents. Level of Service (LOS) is theexpected infrastructure condition undercertainconditions.

High levels of flood hazard protection areavailable to the Village. However, eachimprovement has an associated cost. Higher LOS typically have a higher cost ofconstructionandalowercost-benefitratio.DeterminingtheacceptableLevelofServiceisabalancebetweenthecostofprotectingfromahazardandthecostofthedamageresultingfromthehazard.

The Village has established the following as flood protection Levels of Service for thepurposeofthisstudy.

• Standingwateronroadwaysupto6inchesdeep(maximum)fornolongerthan72hoursfollowingtheendofa10-year,24hoursstorm.

• Distance from ground surface above septic tanks drain field togroundwater must be at least 42 inches. (Chapter 64E-6, FloridaAdministrativeCode)

• The Village will consider, as part of the Capital Improvement Planning,raising roads in flood susceptible areas to reflect potential sea level rise.(ComprehensivePlanPolicy6.6)

• Standingwaterinhabitableareasofbuildingsisnotacceptableunderanystormevent.

• Seawallsshallbeconstructedtoaminimumelevationof5.5ftNGVDwithafoundationdesigntosupportafutureextensionto6.5ftNGVD(Ordinance2018-04).

• FinishedFloorelevationofbuildingswithinfloodhazardareasshallbenolowerthantwofeetabovebasefloodelevation.(Ordinance2018-02)

• The area of theBiscayneCanal (C-8) shall remain in a near natural statewhere it passes through theMiami Shores Golf Course. The Village shallmitigate any unavoidable loss of habitat along the canal bank.(ComprehensivePlanPolicy2.7)


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7 ProjectPrioritizationThe final step in the development of theAdaptation Plan is prioritizing the possibleprojects. This includes developing costs ofimplementing the project, costs of notimproving the infrastructure, and weighingthe costs and benefits based on variouscriteriaimportanttotheVillage.

Working within a limited budget and inareasalreadyexperiencing floodingemphasizes theneed toget the “biggestbang for thebuck”today,whileplanningforthefuture.Asthegroundwaterandsurfacewaterelevationcontinuetorise,improvementscanbeconstructedintheshort-termwithdesignsthatwillcontinuetofunctioninthelongtermwithminoralterations.Examplesincludefloodwallswith foundations adequate to support future heightening of the wall and mechanicalequipmentinstalledonelevatedequipmentpads.

Thealternativescostanalysis for theplan isbasedona standarddesign lifeof20years,which results in a planning year of 2038. The infrastructure is anticipated to remainstructurallysoundafter20years.However,increasesincanalandgroundwaterelevationsareanticipatedtoimpactthesystem’seffectivenessaroundthattime.

Figure11ProjectPlanningYearsealevelrise.Figuresource:Unifiedsealevelprojection-SoutheastFlorida

The cost details for the alternative strategies include the total long-term project costinclusive of the construction cost, operation, maintenance, and salvage value. A per-protected-user value for each alternative was then weighted based on considerationsincludingwhethertheareawassubjectedtoflooding,whethertheprojectwouldresultinawaterqualitybenefit,whether thecommunitywas insupportof this typeofproject,andwhether the Village had the funds and staff to both construct and operate/maintain the


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facility(LTCRating).Eachcategoryisrated1through10andthetotalofallcategoriesisusedtoweighttheperprotectedusercost.

The strategies were also evaluated using FEMA’s STAPLEE evaluation criteria. Thecategories rated include Social, Technical, Administrative, Political, Legal, Economic, andEnvironmental. Foreachcategory,aratingof1,0,or-1 isassigned.Somecategoriesaregivenmoreweight thanothers.The totalof all categories is thenused toweight theperprotectedusercost.

ThefinalevaluationmethodusedtheInstituteofSustainableInfrastructureconceptsandEnvision rating tools. The Envision rating system is a guide of 60 holistic sustainabilitycriteria thatcomprehensivelyaddresses theenvironmental, social,andeconomic impactstosustainabilityinprojectdesign,construction,andoperationaccordingtofivecategories:QualityofLife,Leadership,ResourceAllocation,NaturalWorld,andClimateandRisk.Thisevaluationdoesnotdirectlyusetheconstructionoroperationandmaintenancecosts.TheVillagemayelect tohave theprojectscertified throughEnvisiononceconstruction fundshavebeenobligated.

The various adaptation strategies were evaluated for implementation in individualneighborhoods.Thistypeofimplementationwillminimizethelengthoftimeresidentsaredisruptedbyconstructionaswellassavecostsbyconstructedtheneededimprovementsatonetimeratherthanasseparatecontracts.

Figures depicting themodel results for the entire Village are included at the end of thisreport. Analyses of the predicted impacts on the most vulnerable neighborhoods aresummarized in the following sections. Although the three evaluation processes usedifferentcriteria,thecombinedresultsgivecleardirectionfortheappropriatestrategyforeachareaoftheVillage.

7.1 MiamiShoresEstates

ThisneighborhoodisborderedbytheC-8Canalto south, theVillagegolf courseand spur canaltothewest,BiscayneBoulevardandashoppingplaza to the east, and NE 107th Street to thenorth. MiamiShoresEstates includes58singlefamily homes, one 58-unit motel, 7100 linearfeetofroadsandalleys,and1800 linear feetofwaterfront.AsshownonFigures19and20(seeAppendix), NE 10th Street is the onlyingress/egress point for the neighborhood andis a priority road for the Village. It currentlyexperiences tidal flooding on the southern endandtidalfloodingwillbepresentonmoreoftheroadwayby2038.


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TheMiamiShoresEstatesneighborhoodroadwaysareshowingsignsofpavementfailure,dueatleastinparttothefrequentfloodingandhigh-watertable.Pavementcoresshouldbetakenbeforerepairsareinitiatedtoensuretheroadwaybasehasnotbeencompromised.FullreconstructionoftheroadwaysclosesttotheC-8Canal(BiscayneCanal)willprobablyberequiredtorepairtheexistingdamage.

NE10thCtandNE105thStreet(left)andNE104thStreet(right)

Our models indicate that approximately 30% of the neighborhood streets currentlyexperience flooding due to high tides. By 2033, the tidally influenced flooding will bepresent on50%of the roadways and adjacent privateproperties. The tidal floodingwillcontinuetoworsenthroughtheendoftheplanningperiod(2038).

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-grade,whichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.AsshownonFigure12(seeAppendix),all roads in thisneighborhoodare less than2.5 feetabove theexistinggroundwater table.Ourmodels (Figure13, seeAppendix) indicate thatby2038,portions of all roadways in this neighborhood will experience over 30 days of tidalflooding.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

The performance of the existing stormwater system relies upon gravity for disposal. AsshowninFigure14(seeAppendix),thisneighborhoodhasfourgravityoutfallsintotheC-8Canal.Asthegroundwaterandsurfacewaterlevelsrise,thegravityoutfallswillnolongerfunctionas intended.Therisingwatersmay flowfromthecanal throughthestormwaterpipesandintolowerareasoftheneighborhood.

Much of the neighborhood waterfront, but not all, has privately owned floodwalls. Theexisting floodwalls are at varying heights with some below the peak stages in the C-8(Biscayne)Canal.Unlikeotherareas,floodwallsinsouthFloridadonotextenddownwardtoanimperviousmaterial,suchasbedrock.Miami-Dadeisunderlainbyporouslimerockandthefloodwallsonlyservetoslowthewatermovement.Alongwithhigherfloodwalls,whichwillminimizestormsurgesandwaveaction,pumpscanbeaddedtothestormwatersystem to drain the neighborhood at rates faster than the rainfall and seepage. Tomeet


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regulatory requirements, a new pump system would need to include additional waterquality treatment capabilities, however. The system will also need to include an area(below ground vault or pond) to collect the water to be pumped. The expense ofconstructingandoperatingapumpedsystemwillneed tobeweighedagainst thecostofrepairingflooddamageandthereducedqualityoflifeforresidentsduringhightideevents.AsshownonFigures15and21(seeAppendix),werecommendtheselectedroad,drainage,and seawall improvements for this neighborhood be implemented in the short term(withinthenextfiveyears).

Althoughtheneighborhood iswithin theNorthMiamiSewerservicearea, thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in the south half neighborhood is already less than 4 feet below thegroundsurface,whichplacesthesepticsystemsatamediumriskforfailure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbemediumorhighformostoftheneighborhood.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerintheshort-term(before2023).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbyhalfofthesepticsystemsbeingcurrentlyatmediumriskforfailure and road/drainage improvements being recommended as short-term projects. Itwill be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadwayimprovementsatthesametimeratherthanphasingovertheentireplanningperiod.

Threestrategicplanswereevaluatedforthisneighborhood:

1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.Roadway,septicsystem,andpropertyrepaircostswillcontinuetorisethroughtheendoftheplanningperiod(2038).

2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwaysinthesouthernhalfoftheneighborhoodwill be rebuilt towithstand highwater conditions. Floodwallswill be raised to auniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped dischargesystem.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwaysinthesouthernhalfoftheneighborhoodwillbeelevatedupto18 inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown.Floodwallswillberaised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumpeddischarge system along with other improvements to maintain historic drainagepatterns within the neighborhood after the roadway is elevated. Water qualitytreatment improvements will also be made to comply with regulations for theproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.


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The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHardentheRoadways.Budgetestimatesforimplementationareapproximately$3millionfor the septic to sewer conversion and $4.3 million for the stormwater, floodwall, androadway improvements.Hardening the roads has fewer impacts to the historic drainagepatternsandadjacentpropertiesthanelevatingtheroads.

7.2 AncoSubdivision

This neighborhood isborderedbytheC-8Canaltosouth, Biscayne Boulevard(US1) tothewest,BiscayneBay to the east, and NorthMiami to the north. Theneighborhood is comprisedof multi-family condo-miniums, townhomesandapartments.ThisportionofNE105thStreet is1900 linear feetlong.Theneighborhoodhas1800linearfeetofwaterfront.

Models indicate that flooding resulting from high tides is not currently present on theneighborhood street. By 2033, tidally influenced flooding will begin to be observed onparkinglotsandotherlow-lyingareasalongtheroadways.By2038,tidalfloodingwillbepresentontheeasternhalfoftheroadway.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.AsshownonFigure 12 (see Appendix), NE 105th Street is less than 2.5 feet above the existinggroundwatertable.Theroadwayshouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

WaterandseweriscurrentlyprovidedtothisneighborhoodbyNorthMiami.AsshownonFigure 18 (see Appendix), we would recommend this neighborhood be converted fromseptictosewer intheshort-term(before2023).However, thisneighborhoodhasalreadybeenconvertedtocentralizedsewer.


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1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.Roadway and property repair costs will continue to rise through the end of theplanningperiod(2038).

2. HardenRoadways.Theroadwaywillberebuilttowithstandhighwaterconditions.Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements willincludeapumpeddischargesystem.

3. ElevateRoadway.Theroadwaywillbeelevatedupto18inchesabovetheexistingroad crown. Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.Waterqualitytreatment improvementswillalsobemadetocomplywithregulationsfortheproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is to eventually harden the roadway as along-termstrategy.Hardeningtheroadsisrecommendedoverelevatingtheroadsbecauseithasfewerimpactstothehistoricdrainagepatterns.Budgetestimatesforimplementationis$2millionforthestormwater,floodwall,androadwayimprovements.

7.3 EveningsideSubdivision

This neighborhood is bordered by theC-8Canal tonorth,BiscayneBoulevard(US 1) to the east, the Village golfcourse the west, and Miami ShoresAquatic Center on the south. Theneighborhood is comprised of 25single-familyhomes,1000linearfeetofroadway,and1300linearfeetofwaterfront

Ourmodelsindicatethattheneighborhoodstreetisnotcurrentlyfloodedbyhightides.In2048,tidalfloodingwillstillnotbepresentontheroadwaysurface.


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Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,however,damagecanbeoccurringtothe roadbase and sub-gradewhich extend18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road surface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.Asshown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the road in this neighborhood is less than 2.5 feetabovetheexistinggroundwater table.NE104thStreetshouldeitherberaisedso that thebase and sub-grade are above the groundwater or designed to withstand floodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwatertableinthewesternhalfneighborhoodisalreadylessthan4feetbelowthegroundsurface,whichplacesthesepticsystemsatamediumriskforfailure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbemediumformostoftheneighborhood.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerintheshort-term(before2023).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbyhalfofthesepticsystemsbeingcurrentlyatmediumriskforfailure and road/drainage improvements being recommended as short-termprojects. Itwill be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadwayimprovementsatthesametimeratherthanphasingovertheentireplanningperiod.


1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.Roadway,septicsystem,andpropertyrepaircostswillcontinuetorisethroughtheendoftheplanningperiod(2038).

2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwaysinthesouthernhalfoftheneighborhoodwillberebuilt towithstandhighwaterconditions. Floodwallswillberaised toauniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumped dischargesystem.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwaysinthesouthernhalfoftheneighborhoodwillbeelevatedupto18inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown.Floodwallswillberaised to a uniform elevation. Stormwater improvements will include a pumpeddischarge system along with other improvements to maintain historic drainagepatterns within the neighborhood after the roadway is elevated. Water qualitytreatment improvements will also be made to comply with regulations for theproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and to


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Harden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $1.25millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$2.75millionforthestormwater,floodwall,androadwayimprovements.

7.4 RiverBayParkArea

ThisneighborhoodisborderedbytheC-8 Canal to north, Biscayne Bay totheeast,NE12thAvenuetothewest,andNE100thStreetonthesouth.Theneighborhood is comprised of 168single-family homes, 10650 linearfeetofroadway,and8200linearfeetofwaterfront.

Models indicate that the eastern endofNE104thStreetiscurrentlyfloodedbyhigh tides. By2033,almostallofNE104thStreeteastof12thAvenuewillexperiencetidalflooding.By2048,tidalfloodingwillbepresentonmostroadsinthearea.NE104thStreet already has numerous traverse, longitudinal, and fatigue (alligator) crackingindicatingtheroadsub-gradehasfailed.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.AsshownonFigure 12 (see Appendix), the road in this neighborhood is less than 2.5 feet above theexisting groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in theeasternhalfneighborhood isalready less than4 feetbelowtheground surface, which places the septic systems at amedium and high risks for failure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbemediumorhighformostoftheneighborhood.


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As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerintheshort-term(before2023).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbyhalfofthesepticsystemsbeingcurrentlyatmediumriskforfailure and road/drainage improvements being recommended to prevent additionalroadbeddamage.Itwillbemoreeconomicalandlessdisruptivetoresidentstoconstructtheroadwayimprovementsatthesametimeratherthanphasingovertheentireplanningperiod.


1. No Action. The infrastructure would be maintained in its current condition.Roadways, septic systems, andproperty repair costswill continue to rise throughtheendoftheplanningperiod(2038).

2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedto a centralized sewer system. Roadwayswill be rebuilt towithstand highwaterconditions. Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwaterimprovementswillincludeapumpeddischargesystem.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexisting roadcrown.Floodwallswillbe raised toauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.Waterqualitytreatment improvementswillalsobemadetocomplywithregulationsfortheproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $6.7millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$5.1millionforthestormwater, floodwall,androadwayimprovements.


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7.5 EarletonShoresArea

Thisneighborhood isborderedby theRiverBayParkArea tonorth,BiscayneBay to theeast, NE 12th Avenue to the west, and North Bayshore Park Area on the south. Theneighborhood is comprised of 74 single-family homes, 5000 linear feet of roadway, and1030linearfeetofwaterfront.

Ourmodels indicatethat floodingfromhightides isnotcurrently present on the roadways within thisneighborhood.By2033,NE12thAvenueandtheeasternends of adjacent roads will begin to experience tidalflooding. By2048,tidalfloodingwillbepresentonhalfofroadsinthearea.

Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhich extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the roadsurface. Road base and sub-grade failures are oftenindicatedbypavement cracks andpotholes. As shownonFigure12(seeAppendix), theroads in thisneighborhoodare less than2.5 feetabovethe existing groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in theeasternhalfneighborhood isalready less than4 feetbelowthegroundsurface,whichplacesthesepticsystemsatamediumriskforfailure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbemediumorhighformostoftheneighborhood.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerintheshort-term(before2023).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbythesepticsystemscurrentlybeingatmediumriskforfailureandroad/drainageimprovementsbeingneededtopreventadditionalroadbeddamage.Itwill be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadwayimprovementsatthesametimeratherthanphasingovertheentireplanningperiod.



2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedto a centralized sewer system. Roadwayswill be rebuilt towithstand highwater


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conditions. Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwaterimprovementswillincludeapumpeddischargesystem.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown. Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.Waterqualitytreatment improvementswillalsobemadetocomplywithregulationsfortheproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $3.7millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$2.4millionforthestormwater, floodwall,androadwayimprovements.

7.6 NorthBayshoreParkArea

Thisneighborhood isborderedby theRiverBayParkAreatonorth,BiscayneBaytotheeast,NE12thAvenueto the west, and North Bayshore Park Area on thesouth. The neighborhood is comprised of 60 single-family homes, 5400 linear feet of roadway, and1900linearfeetofwaterfront.

Our models indicate that flooding from high tides isnot currently present on the roadways within thisneighborhood. By 2033, the eastern end of NE 94thStreetwillbegintoexperiencetidalflooding.By2048,tidalfloodingwillbepresentontheroadsintheeasternhalfofthearea.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.Asshownon


40

Figure12(seeAppendix),theroadsinthisneighborhoodarelessthan2.5feetabovetheexisting groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in theeasternhalfneighborhood isalready less than4 feetbelowtheground surface,which places the septic systems at amedium risk for failure. The septicsystemsneartheintersectionofNE94thStreetandNBayshoreDrivearecurrentlyathighrisk for failure. Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038, theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbemediumorhighformostoftheneighborhood.




2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedto a centralized sewer system. Roadwayswill be rebuilt towithstandhighwaterconditions. Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwaterimprovementswillincludeapumpeddischargesystem.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown. Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.Waterqualitytreatment improvementswillalsobemadetocomplywithregulationsfortheproposedpumpedstormwaterdischarge.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHardentheRoadways.Budgetestimatesforimplementationareapproximately$3millionfor the septic to sewer conversion and $3.2 million for the stormwater, floodwall, androadwayimprovements.TheVillageshouldbudgetanother$2millionforimprovementstoNorthBaysideParkincludingahigherseawallandraisedtrailwithADAaccess.


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7.7 Watersedge

This neighborhood is bordered bythe North Bayshore Park Area tonorth,BiscayneBay to theeast,NE12th Avenue to the west, and byunincorporatedMiami-DadeCountyon the south. The neighborhood iscomprised of 111 single-familyhomes,7700linearfeetofroadway,and1900linearfeetofwaterfront.

Models indicate that flooding fromhigh tides is currently present onlimitedportionsoftheneighborhoodroadways.By2033,mostoftheroadswillexperiencesometidalflooding.By2048,tidalfloodingwillbepresentonalltheroadsandextendontoprivateproperties.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-gradefailuresareoftenindicatedbypavementcracksandpotholes.AsshownonFigure12(seeAppendix),theroadsinthisneighborhoodarelessthan2.5feetabovetheexisting groundwater table. The conditions will continue to worsen through 2038.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in theeasternhalfneighborhood isalready less than4 feetbelowtheground surface, which places the septic systems at a medium and high risk for failure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbehighforalargeportionoftheneighborhood.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerintheshort-term(before2023).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbythesepticsystemscurrentlybeingatmediumriskforfailure


42

androad/drainageimprovementsbeingneededtopreventadditionalroadbeddamage.Itwill be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct the roadwayimprovementsatthesametimeratherthanphasingovertheentireplanningperiod.



2. SeptictoSewerConversionandHardenRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedto a centralized sewer system. Roadwayswill be rebuilt towithstandhighwaterconditions. Floodwalls will be raised to a uniform elevation. Stormwaterimprovementswillincludeapumpeddischargesystem.Thisneighborhoodhasanexisting stormwater pump which will be enhanced as part of the proposedstormwaterimprovements.

3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown. Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.Waterqualitytreatment improvementswillalsobemadeto complywith regulations for the proposed pumped stormwater discharge. Thisneighborhoodhasanexistingstormwaterpumpwhichwillbeenhancedaspartoftheproposedstormwaterimprovements.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $5.5millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$2millionforthestormwater,floodwall,androadwayimprovements.Costsarein2018dollars.


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7.8 BelvedereParkArea

This neighborhood is bordered by the North BayshorePark Area to north, Biscayne Bay to the east, NE 12thAvenuetothewest,andbyunincorporatedMiami-DadeCounty. The neighborhood is comprised of 21 single-familyhomesand2100linearfeetofroadway.

Ourmodelsindicatethatfloodingfromhightidesisnotcurrently present on neighborhood roadways. In 2048,tidalfloodingwillstillnotbepresentontheroads.

Even when flooding is not visible on the road surface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhich extend 18 inches to 2.5 feet below the roadsurface. Road base and sub-grade failures are oftenindicated by pavement cracks and potholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), theroadsinthisneighborhoodarelessthan2.5feetabovetheexistinggroundwatertable.Theconditionswillcontinuetoworsenthrough2038.Roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwater table in the centralportionof thisneighborhood is already less than4 feetbelow the ground surface,which places the septic systems at amedium risk for failure.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theriskofsepticsystemfailurewillbeslightlyhigher.






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3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexisting roadcrown.Floodwallswillbe raised toauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $1.1millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$3millionforthestormwaterandroadwayimprovements.Costsarein2018dollars.

7.9 BiscayneBlvdEastArea

This neighborhood is bordered by theNorth Bayshore Park Area to north,BiscayneBaytotheeast,NE12thAvenuetothe west, and by unincorporated Miami-Dade County. The neighborhood iscomprised of 225 single-family homes,25,600linearfeetofroadway,and325feetofwaterfront.

Our models indicate that flooding fromhigh tides is not currently present onneighborhood roadways. In 2048, tidalflooding will still not be present on theroads.

Even when flooding is not visible on theroad surface, damage can be occurring totheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18 inches to 2.5 feet below the road


45

surface. Road base and sub-grade failures are often indicated by pavement cracks andpotholes. As shown on Figure 12 (see Appendix), the roads in this neighborhood arecurrentlymorethan2.5feetabovetheexistinggroundwatertable.By2038,approximately40%oftheroadwayswillbeimpactedbyhighwatertables.Inthelong-term,roadwaysinthisareashouldeitherberaisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwatertablebetweenNE98thStandNE102ndisalreadylessthan4feetbelowthegroundsurface,whichplacesthesepticsystemsatamediumriskforfailure.Figure17(seeAppendix) shows that by the year 2038, the risk of septic system failurewill be slightlyhigher.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerinthelong-term(before2038).Therecommendationforthistobeashort-termactionisdrivenbythesepticsystemscurrentlybeingatmediumriskforfailureandroad/drainageimprovementseventuallybeingneededtopreventadditionalroadbeddamage. It will be more economical and less disruptive to residents to construct theroadway improvements at the same time rather than phasing over the entire planningperiod.




3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown. Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $11.25millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$8.3millionforthestormwaterandroadwayimprovements.Costsarein2018dollars.


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7.10 Sections2and4

This neighborhood is bordered by the NorthBayshoreParkAreatonorth,BiscayneBaytothe east, NE 12th Avenue to thewest, and byunincorporated Miami-Dade County. Theneighborhood is comprised of 102 single-family homes and 13,200 linear feet ofroadway.

Our models indicate that flooding from hightidesisnotcurrentlypresentonneighborhoodroadways.In2048,tidalfloodingwillstillnotbepresentontheroads.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurringtotheroadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5 feetbelow the road surface.Roadbase and sub-grade failures areoften indicatedbypavement cracks andpotholes.As shownonFigure12 (seeAppendix), the roads in thisneighborhoodarecurrentlymorethan2.5 feetabovetheexistinggroundwatertable. By2038, a segment of Grand Concourse and roadways near the Community Centerwill beimpacted by highwater tables. In the long-term, roadways in this area should either beraisedsothatthebaseandsub-gradeareabovethegroundwaterordesignedtowithstandfloodingconditions.

AlthoughtheneighborhoodiswithintheMiami-DadeUtilitiesservicearea,thehomesareserved by privately owned septic systems. Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows thegroundwatertableinportionsoftheareaalreadylessthan4feetbelowthegroundsurface,which places the septic systems at a medium risk for failure. Figure 17 (see Appendix)shows that by the year 2038, approximately 30% of the areawill be atmedium risk ofsepticsystemfailure.


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As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerinthelong-term(before2038).Therecommendationforthistobealong-termactionisdrivenbythesepticsystemscurrentlybeingatlowriskforfailure.




3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown. Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.

The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHarden the Roadways. Budget estimates for implementation are approximately $5.1millionfortheseptictosewerconversionand$6.4millionforthestormwaterandroadwayimprovements.Costsarein2018dollars.

7.11 GolfViewEstates

ThisneighborhoodisborderedbytheNorthBayshoreParkAreatonorth,BiscayneBaytothe east, NE 12th Avenue to the west, and by unincorporated Miami-Dade County. Theneighborhoodiscomprisedof17single-familyhomesand560linearfeetofroadway.


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Ourmodelsindicatethatfloodingfromhightidesisnotcurrentlypresentonneighborhoodroadways.In2048,tidalfloodingwillstillnotbepresentontheroads.

Evenwhenfloodingisnotvisibleontheroadsurface,damagecanbeoccurring to the roadbaseandsub-gradewhichextend18inchesto2.5feetbelowtheroadsurface.Roadbaseandsub-grade failures are often indicated bypavement cracks and potholes. As shown onFigure 11 (see Appendix), the road in thisneighborhood is currentlymore than2.5 feetabove the existing groundwater table. By2038, the roadway base will still not beimpactedbyhighgroundwaterconditions.

Although the neighborhood is within theMiami-Dade Utilities service area, the homesareservedbyprivatelyownedsepticsystems.Figure 16 (see Appendix) shows the groundwater table in the adjacent golf course isalreadylessthan4feetbelowthegroundsurface.Figure17(seeAppendix)showsthatbytheyear2038,theeasternendoftheneighborhoodwillbeatmediumriskofsepticsystemfailure.

As shownon Figure 18 (seeAppendix),we recommend this neighborhoodbe convertedfromseptictosewerinthelong-term(before2038).Therecommendationforthistobealong-termactionisdrivenbythesepticsystemscurrentlybeingatlowriskforfailure.




3. SeptictoSewerConversionandElevateRoadways.Allparcelswillbeconnectedtoacentralizedsewersystem.Roadwayswillbeelevatedupto12inchesabovetheexistingroadcrown.Floodwallswillberaisedtoauniformelevation.Stormwaterimprovements will include a pumped discharge system along with otherimprovementstomaintainhistoricdrainagepatternswithintheneighborhoodaftertheroadwayiselevated.


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The following table summarizes analysis included at the end of this report. Therecommended strategy for this neighborhood is a Septic to Sewer Conversion and toHardentheRoadways.Budgetestimatesforimplementationareapproximately$1millionfor the septic to sewer conversion and $2.4 million for the stormwater and roadwayimprovements.Costsarein2018dollars.

8 AdaptationPlanThefinalstepofthisprocessistoadoptandimplement the Adaptation Plan.Implementationisonlypossiblewithfundingfortheplancomponents.

Certain areas of the Village are alreadyexperiencing flooding impacts, while ourmodels show other areas will begin toexperience impacts within the planningperiod (by the year 2038). Those areas that are currently experiencing damage arerecommended for implementation in thenext five years (short-term).Otherprojects arerecommended for implementation in the next twenty year (long-term). Theserecommendationsarebasedonthebestdataandmodelscurrentlyavailable.AspartoftheCapital Improvement Program planning, we recommend the Village include periodicupdates of the NOAA sea level rise forecasts over time and adjust the implementationschedule accordingly, as sea level may be rising faster or slower in South Florida thanmodelpredictionsin2018.


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Table4RecommendedCapitalProjectsforSeaLevelRiseAdaptationPlanImplementation


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8.1 CriticalFacilities

8.1.1 Short-Term

Dry flood proofing of the police station withretractablebarriersandimpermeablecoatingsless than two feet above the base floodelevation. Require any remodelingor repairsbelowthebase floodelevation toutilize flooddamageresistantmaterials.

8.1.2 Long-TermRaise finished floor elevations within FloodHazard Areas to comply with the currentFloridaBuildingCode,which referencesASCE24. The will require critical facilities to beelevated or protected to two feet above thebase flood elevation, which varies from 8 ftNGVDto11ftNGVDinthefloodproneareasofMiamiShores.Non-criticalfacilitieswillberequiredtobeataminimumofonefootabovethebasefloodelevation.Coderequirements allow parking and storage areas within critical facilities to remainbelow those elevations, but no lower than the nearest roadway. However,emergency personnel need access to operating vehicles even during flood eventsand may also need materials in the storage areas. The needs of emergencypersonnelshouldbeconsideredindeterminingwhetherparkingandstorageareasshouldbeabovetheminimumelevationrequiredbycode.

Critical facilities should also be aminimumof 18 inches above the nearest pavedroadway crown,which is not an evacuation route. If the facility is on anunpavedroad,thefinishedfloorshouldbeatleast24inchesabovetheroadway.

Current South Florida Water Management requirements are for buildings to beabove the stage resulting from the 100-year, 3-day storm event with no off-sitedischarge.Althoughtheexistingfacilitiesarenotrequiredtomeetthisstandard,thestageshouldbedeterminedandcomparedtotheminimumelevationslistedinthepreceding paragraphs. The facilities should be raised to the highest of the threeelevations.

8.2 DrainageandRoadways

8.2.1 Short-Term

Highpriority,short-termroadwayprojectsarerecommendedfortheMiamiShoresEstates neighborhood and the roadways, which parallel Biscayne Bay. Damagedroadwayscaneitherbereconstructedwithmaterialsabletowithstandlongperiodof standing water or be raised so that the sub-grade is above the water table. A


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preliminary evaluation indicates theroadways need to be raise 12 to 18inches above existing grade to beprotected from the rising groundwateror be hardened to withstand floodingconditions.

The construction cost for the twoadaptation strategies is similar. Theelevated roadways would meet theVillage’s Level of Servicebynothaving standingwateron the roadway.However,theadjacentprivatepropertieswouldno longerbeabove theroadasrequiredbyVillage code requirements for new construction. Hardening the roadway wouldleave residents driving and walking through flood water, but would lessen theroadwayrepaircosts.Improvingtheexistinggravitydrainagesystemtoincorporatepumpsinconjunctionwiththeroadhardeningwilldecreasethedepthanddurationofstandingwater.

8.2.2 Long-Term

Long-termprojectsarerecommendedfortheneighborhoodsfarther inland,whicharenot currently experiencingdamage resulting fromhighgroundwater tablesortidal flooding, such as the area betweenBiscayneBoulevard andNE12th Avenue,Sections 2 and 4, and Golf View. Because none of these areas are expected toexperience tidal flooding, hardening the roadway will result in decreasedmaintenancecostswhilemaintainingthelookoftheneighborhoods.

8.3 SewerSystem

8.3.1 Short-Term

Septic-to-sewer conversion is important toall flood prone areas in Miami Shores. Tomaketheconversionasuccess,thenetworkof existing gravity and pressure linesmustbe evaluated to determine the most costeffective and efficient order in which toconvert neighborhoods. Development of aSewer Master Facility Plan for septic tosewer conversion will cover details of theconversion and is a requirement of manystateandfederalgrants.Short-termpriorityneighborhoods for the conversion includeMiami Shores Estates, which is within theNorthMiami servicearea.Theother short-term priority is the conversion of

Source:CityofFt.Lauderdale


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neighborhoodsalongtheBiscayneCanalandBiscayneBay.

8.3.2 Long-Term

Long-termgoalsaretoconverttheremainingareasoftheVillagetocentralsewer.The conversion can be phased and implemented as roadway repairs are needed.Averagecostofdesignandconstructionfortheconversionis$50,000perhomeinsouthernFlorida.

8.4 Seawalls

8.4.1 Short-Term

Revise Code of Ordinance Division 23(Ordinance2018-04) to includeadatebywhichallpropertiesneedtocomplywithminimumseawallelevation.

Estimated cost: $500/linear foot forseawallsandfloodwalls.

8.4.2 Long-Term

Evaluate sea level elevation every fiveyearsandre-examineminimumseawallelevation.Reviseordinancewhensealevelsarewithintwofeetofminimumseawallelevation.

9 FundingStrategies

FundingassistanceforotherStormwatersubprojectsmaybethroughFDEP’sCleanWaterActSection319Grants,FDEPTMDLGrants,StateRevolvingFundGrantsandLoans,FEMAGrants, Community Development Block Grants, Water Pollution Control Bonds, USACEAquatic Ecosystem Restoration Program, SFWMD Cooperative Funding Program forSurface Water Improvements, Special Taxing Districts, and future legislativeappropriations.

10 ReferencesAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers,FloodResistantDesignandConstruction,ASCE24-14

Arthur,Baker,Cichon,Wood,andRudin;2005,FloridaAquiferVulnerabilityAssessment(FAVA):ContaminationPotentialofFlorida’sPrincipalAquiferSystems;FAVAfinaldepreport.

CaribbeanHandbookonRiskInformationManagement;www.charim.net

Cooper,RichardM;andLane,Jim;1987,TechnicalMemorandum:AnAtlasofEasternDadeCountySurfaceWaterManagementBasins.


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FEMA,July2013,FloodproofingNon-ResidentialBuildings,FEMAP-936.

FEMA,September2015,ReducingFloodRisktoResidentialBuildingsThatCannotBeElevation,FEMAP-1037.

Fish,JohnnieEandStewart,Mark;HydrogeologyoftheSurficialAquiferSystem,DadeCounty,Florida,USGSReport90-4108.

FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection,Chapter62-25,62-40.431,62-304,and62-330FloridaAdministrativeCode.

FloridaSeaGrantSeaLevelRiseinFlorida.Availableat:https://www.flseagrant.org/climate-change/sea-level-rise/

FortLauderdale,Florida,UnifiedLandDevelopmentRegulations,Chapter47,ArticleIII,Section47-19.3.

Frazier,T.G.,Wood,N.,Yarnal,B.,&Bauer,D.H.(2010).Influenceofpotentialsealevelriseonsocietalvulnerabilitytohurricanestorm-surgehazards,SarasotaCounty,Florida.AppliedGeography,30(4),490-505.

Hughes and White, Hydrologic Conditions in Urban Miami-Dade County, Florida and theEffect of Groundwater Pumpage and Increased Sea Level on Canal Leakage andRegionalGroundwaterFlow,USGSReport2014-5162.

MiamiBeach,Florida,CityCode,Chapter66,ArticleVI,Section66-155.

MiamiBeachRisingAbove,2018.Availableat:http://www.mbrisingabove.com/climate-adaptation/public-infrastructure/

MiamiDadeCounty,October2011,UrbanDesignManual,VolumeII

Miami-DadeLocalMitigationStrategy,January2015.

NationalHurricaneCenter(NHC),TropicalCycloneClimatology.Availableathttp://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/

NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA),2017:Sea,Lake,andOverlandSurgesfromHurricanes(SLOSH).Availableat:http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/slosh.php

NationalPollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)MunicipalSeparateStormSewerSystems(MS4)PermitNo.FLS000003.

Rojas,Moira;FloridaDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection;May16,2012;FinalTMDLReport:FecalColiformTMDLsforC-8(Biscayne)Canal(WBID3285),C-7(LittleRiver)Canal(WBID3287),C-6(MiamiRiver)Canal(WBID3288),C-6(MiamiRiver)LowerSegment(WBID3288B),andC-6(Miami)Canal(WBID3290).

Shepard,C.C.,Agostini,V.N.,Gilmer,B.,Allen,T.,Stone,J.,Brooks,W.,&Beck,M.W.(2012).Assessingfuturerisk:QuantifyingtheeffectsofsealevelriseonstormsurgeriskforthesouthernshoresofLongIsland,NewYork.NaturalHazards,60(2),727-745.

SFWMDOperationControlCenterStructureBooks


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SoutheastFloridaRegionalCompactClimateChange,SeaLevelRiseWorkGroup,October2015,UnifiedSeaLevelRiseProjection.

Sweet,W.V.,Park,J.C.,Marra,J.J.,Zervas,C.E.,&Gill,S.K.(2014).SealevelriseandnuisancefloodfrequencychangesaroundtheUnitedStates.

Sweet,W.V.,&Park,J.(2014).Fromtheextremetothemean:Accelerationandtippingpointsofcoastalinundationfromsealevelrise.Earth'sFuture,2(12),579-600.

U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture(USDA),SoilConservationService,1989,SoilSurveyofMiami-DadeCounty,Florida.

U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),October2016,CommunitySolutionsforStormwaterManagement:AGuideforVoluntaryLong-TermPlanning.

11 Appendix

Table5MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanEnvisionRatingSystemPre-Analysis:EvaluationMatrix

Table6MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanLongTermCostAnalysis:EvaluationMatrix

Table7MiamiShoresAdaptationPlanSTAPLEEEvaluationMatrix

Figure12MiamiShoresExistingRoadConditions2018

Mapindicatinglocationandfrequencyofroadsthatarecurrentlyexposedtotidalfloodingof6inchesormorein2018orarebeingunderminedbygroundwatercomingwithin2.5feetoftheroadbed,accordingtoCoastalRiskmodeling.

Figure13MiamiShoresFutureRoadConditions2038

Mapshowinglocationandfrequencyofroadsthatwillbeexposedto6inchesormoreoftidalfloodingorhighgroundwaterlevelswithin2.5feetoftheroadbedin2038,accordingtoCoastalRiskmodeling.

Figure14MiamiShoresExistingStormwaterFaciities2018

MapshowingthelocationofstormwatermanagementinfrastructureinMiamiShoresVillage.

Figure15MiamiShoresRecommendedRoadandDrainageImprovements

Mapindicatinglocationsforrecommendedshort-(0-5year)andlong-term(20year)adaptationmeasures:roadbedimprovementsandinjectionwellsandpumpsfordrainage.

Figure16MiamiShoresExistingSeptic/SewerConditions2018

Mapshowinglocationofexistingsewerssystemandrisklevelforexistingseptictanksduetohighgroundwaterin2018.AccordingtoCoastalRiskmodels,thehighriskareashaveseasonallyhighgroundwaterwithinthan0.5ofthesurface,whichimpairsseptictank


56

functioning.Moderateriskareashave0.5-3.5feetclearanceandlowriskareashavemorethan3.5feet.

Figure17MiamiShoresFutureSeptic/SewerConditions2038

Mapshowinglocationofexistingsewerssystemandrisklevelforexistingseptictanksduetohighgroundwaterin2038.AccordingtoCoastalRiskmodels,thehighriskareaswillhaveseasonallyhighgroundwaterwithinthan0.5ofthesurface,whichimpairsseptictankfunctioning.Moderateriskareaswillhave0.5-3.5feetclearanceandlowriskareaswillhavemorethan3.5feet.

Figure18MiamiShoresRecommendedSeptic-to-SewerImprovements

Mapshowingthelocationofexistingsewersystemsin2018andareasrecommendedforshort-term(within5years)conversionfromseptictosewerandlong-term(20years)conversion,bothresidentialandcommercial.

Figure19MiamiShoresExistingCriticalFacilities2018

MapshowinglocationofcriticalfacilitiesthroughoutMiamiShoresandroadsidentifiedbymunicipalstaffaspriorityaccessroutes,andareasimpactedbytidalfloodingin2018accordingtoCoastalRiskmodels.

Figure20MiamiShoresFutureCriticalFacilities2038

MapshowinglocationofcriticalfacilitiesthroughoutMiamiShoresandroadsidentifiedbymunicipalstaffaspriorityaccessroutes,andareasimpactedbytidalfloodingin2038,accordingtoCoastalRiskmodeling.

Figure21MiamiShoresRecommendedCriticalFacilitiesandSeawallImprovements

Mapshowinglocationofseawallsrecommendedforshort-term(0-5years)andlong-term(20years)improvementsandroadsforshort-termandlong-termupgrades.

Figure22MiamiShoresExistingSeawalls2018

MapindicatingthelocationofpublicandprivateseawallsinMiamiShoresin2018.

Quality of Life Leadership

Resource

Allocation Natural World Climate Average Rank

MIAMI SHORES ESTATES

1 No Improvements 14% 63% 0% 31% 100% 42% Low2 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 30% 89% 72% 70% 100% 72% High3 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 32% 89% 67% 65% 100% 71% Mid

ANCO SUBDIVISION

4 No Improvements 36% 68% 0% 59% 100% 53% Low5 Harden Road 45% 89% 67% 59% 100% 72% Mid6 Elevate Road 45% 89% 67% 59% 100% 72% Mid

EVENINGSIDE

7 No Improvements 14% 63% 0% 31% 100% 42% Low8 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 30% 89% 72% 70% 100% 72% High9 Septic to Sewer, Elevation Road 32% 89% 67% 65% 100% 71% Mid

RIVER BAY PARK

10 No Improvements 14% 63% 0% 31% 100% 42% Low11 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 30% 89% 72% 70% 100% 72% High12 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 32% 89% 67% 65% 100% 71% Mid

EARLETON SHORES


NORTH BAYSHORE


WATERSEDGE


BELVEDERE PARK


BISCAYNE EAST


SECTIONS 2 AND 4


GOLF VIEW


MIAMI SHORES - ADAPTATION PLAN

ENVISION RATING SYSTEM PRE-ASSESMENT ANALYSIS: Evaluation Matrix

Cost per homeRisk of

FloodingWater Quality

BenefitCommunity

SupportO&M Funds

AvailableWeighted Cost

per Home RankMIAMI SHORES ESTATES

1 No Improvements 130,000$ 10 10 5 1 845,000.00$ Low2 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 120,000$ 2 5 3 1 330,000.00$ High3 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 130,000$ 2 3 7 1 422,500.00$ Mid

ANCO SUBDIVISION4 No Improvements 20,000.00$ 8 5 1 1 75,000.00$ High5 Harden Road 40,000.00$ 3 5 5 1 140,000.00$ Low6 Elevate Road 30,000.00$ 2 5 3 1 82,500.00$ Mid

EVENINGSIDE7 No Improvements 40,000.00$ 8 10 5 1 240,000.00$ High8 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 150,000.00$ 3 2 3 1 337,500.00$ Mid9 Septic to Sewer, Elevation Road 210,000.00$ 2 2 7 1 630,000.00$ Low

RIVER BAY PARK10 No Improvements 50,000.00$ 6 10 8 1 312,500.00$ Low11 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 70,000.00$ 6 5 5 1 297,500.00$ Mid12 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 60,000.00$ 2 5 8 1 240,000.00$ High

EARLETON SHORES13 No Improvements 50,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 287,500.00$ Low14 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 80,000.00$ 5 5 3 1 280,000.00$ High15 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 90,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 292,500.00$ Mid

NORTH BAYSHORE16 No Improvements 60,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 345,000.00$ Low17 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 100,000.00$ 5 5 3 1 350,000.00$ Mid18 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 100,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 325,000.00$ High

WATERSEDGE19 No Improvements 50,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 287,500.00$ Low20 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 70,000.00$ 5 5 3 1 245,000.00$ Mid21 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 70,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 227,500.00$ High

BELVEDERE PARK22 No Improvements 60,000.00$ 7 10 7 1 375,000.00$ High23 Septic to Sewer, Harden Roads 180,000.00$ 5 5 3 1 630,000.00$ Low24 Septic to Sewer, Elevate Roads 200,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 650,000.00$ Mid

BISCAYNE EAST25 No Improvements 70,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 402,500.00$ Mid26 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 80,000.00$ 5 5 3 1 280,000.00$ High27 Septic to Sewer, Elevation Road 1,600,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 5,200,000.00$ Low

SECTIONS 2 AND 428 No Improvements 80,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 460,000.00$ Low29 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 100,000.00$ 5 3 3 1 300,000.00$ Mid30 Septic to Sewer, Elevation Road 90,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 292,500.00$ High

GOLF VIEW31 No Improvements 40,000.00$ 5 10 7 1 230,000.00$ High32 Septic to Sewer, Harden Road 180,000.00$ 5 3 3 1 540,000.00$ Mid33 Septic to Sewer, Elevation Road 220,000.00$ 2 3 7 1 715,000.00$ Low

Cost per home based on present worth analysis of life cycle cost over 20 years. Categories are ranked from 1 to 10 with 1 being supported or not likely to adversely impact and 10 being not supported or likely to negatively impact.

MIAMI SHORES - ADAPTATION PLANLONG TERM COST ANALYSIS: Evaluation Matrix

1 = Favorable, 0 = Neutral, -1 = Less Favorable Multiply by number in parenthesis

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1 Miami Shore Estates - No Action -1 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -32 Miami Shores Estates - Alt 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 26 High3 Miami Shores Estates - Alt 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 184 Anco Sub - No Action 1 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 Anco Sub - Harden Rd 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 23 High6 Anco Sub - Elevate Road -1 0 0 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 157 Eveningside - No Action 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 128 Eveningside - Sewer, Harden Rd 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 24 High9 Eveningside - Sewer, Elevate Rd -1 0 0 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1610 River Bay - No Action -1 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 511 River Bay - Sewer, Harden Rds 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 24 High12 River Bay - Sewer, Elevate Rds 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1913 Earleton - No Action -1 0 0 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 1014 Earleton - Sewer, Harden Rds 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 24 High15 Earleton - Sewer, Elevate Rds 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1916 N Bayshore - No Action -1 0 0 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 -1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 517 N Bayshore - Sewer, Harden Rds 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 24 High18 N Bayshore - Sewer, Elevate Rds 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1919 Watersedge - No Actin 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 0 0 1320 Watersedge - Sewer, Harden Rds 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 High21 Watersedge - Sewer, Elevate Rds 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1622 Belvedere Park - No Actin 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 0 0 1323 Belvedere Park - Sewer, Harden Rds 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 High24 Belvedere Park - Sewer, Elevate Rds 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1625 Biscayne East - No Action 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 0 0 1326 Biscayne East - Sewer, Harden Rd 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 High27 Biscayne East - Sewer, Elevate Rd 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1628 Sect 2 & 4 - No Action 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 0 0 1329 Sect 2 & 4 - Sewer, Harden Rd 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 High30 Sect 2 & 4 - Sewer, Elevate Rd 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1631 Golf View - No Action 0 0 0 1 -1 1 1 0 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 0 -1 1 1 0 1 -1 0 0 0 1332 Golf View - Sewer, Harden Rd 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 24 High33 Golf View - Sewer, Elevate Rd 0 0 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 16

MIAMI SHORES - ADAPTATION PLANSTAPLEE Evaluation Matrix

Social Technical Administrative Political Legal Economic Environmental

U:\Accounts\COAST\COAST18001 - Miami Shores Adaptation Plan\DOC PREP\APPENDICES\Miami Shores Estimates Page 1 of 1

MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier) 3970 0 970485 Feet

EXISTING ROAD CONDITIONS (2018)

Roads < 2.5' to High Water TableMiami Shores Boundary

0-10 Tidal Flood Days


>30 Tidal Flood Days

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FUTURE ROAD CONDITIONS (2038)

Roads < 2.5' to High Water TableMiami Shores Boundary



>30 Tidal Flood Days

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MIAMI SHORES - Tidally Influenced Flooding 2018 (Flood Barrier)

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3950 0 950475 Feet

EXISTING STORMWATER FACILITIES (2018)

Storm Water Pump

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Injection Wells

Conveyance RoadsMiami Shores Boundary

State French Drains

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Village Drains to Water

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RECOMMENDED ROAD + DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS

Short-Term Drainage / Injection Well/Pump (2018)Long-Term Drainage /Injection Well/Pump (2038)

Roadbed Improvements (2038)

Roadbed Improvements (2018)Miami Shores Boundary

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LIFT STATION

3960 0 960480 Feet

EXISTING SEWER/SEPTIC CONDITIONS(2018)

Central Sewer System

Low Risk Septic

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Force MainMiami Shores Boundary

!( Lift Stations

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LIFT STATION

3970 0 970485 Feet

FUTURE SEWER/SEPTIC CONDITIONS(2038)

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Medium Risk SepticHigh Risk Septic

Force MainMiami Shores Boundary

!( Lift Stations

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RECOMMENDED SEPTIC TO SEWERIMPROVEMENTSMiami Shores Boundary

Long-term Commercial (2038)Short-term Residential (2018)Long-term Residential (2038)

Force MainCentral Sewer SystemCompleted Sewer Projects

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SHELTER

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POINT OF DISTRIBUTION

MIAMI SHORES COUNTRY CLUBMIAMI SHORES VILLAGE CITY HALL

C. LAWTON MCCALL COMMUNITY CENTER

BROCKWAY MEMORIAL LIBRARYMIAMI SHORES POLICE DEPT HEADQUARTERS

MIAMI-DADE FIRE RESCUE ST 30 (MIAMI SHORES / EL PORTAL)FAITH-BASED FACILITY

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END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE

DEBRIS STAGING AREA

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DAY CARE

DAY CARE

DAY CARE

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ASSISTED LIVING FACILITY

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3960 0 960480 Feet

EXISTING CRITICAL FACILITIES (2018)

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DEBRIS STAGING AREA

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LIFT STATION

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FUTURE CRITICAL FACILITIES (2038)

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Tidal Flooding

Utility InfrastructureSecondary Facilities

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SHELTER

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3960 0 960480 Feet

RECOMMENDED CRITICAL FACILITIES + SEAWALL IMPROVEMENTS

Priority Roads Upgraded 2038Priority RoadsUpgraded 2018

Secondary Facilities

Area without Seawall

Area with Seawall

EMS Miami Shores Boundary

Utility Infrastructure

Short-Term Seawall

Long-Term SeawallArea with Seawall (Village Owned)

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SEAWALLS (2018)

Miami Shores Boundary

Area without Seawall

Area with Seawall

Area with Seawall(Village Owned)

custo

Miami Shores Village Environmental Vulnerability Study...Miami Shores Village Environmental...

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