Mi’ kmaq Peoples of the East Coast
description
Transcript of Mi’ kmaq Peoples of the East Coast
Mi’ kmaq Peoples of the East Coast
The First Nations People of Nova Scotia
Habitat Appalachian Region Large variety of deciduous
and coniferous trees Many rivers Dry areas have red oak,
red pine and white pine Wet areas have red maple,
white cedar and black ash Other small fruit trees (ex.
blueberries, black huckleberry, teaberry, bryophytes)
Climate has wide temperature variations depending on season
Usually cool and wet for most of the year
Homes
• They live in Wigwams• The largest conical
wigwams sheltered 12-15 people, for bigger families
• The basic structure of the wigwam was five spruce poles, lashed together at the top and spread out at the bottom
• Birchbark sheets were laid over the poles like shingles, starting from the bottom and overlapping until reaching the top
Tools and Weapons• Tools and equipment made
from animal bone, ivory, teeth, claws, hair, feathers, fur, leather, quills, shells, clay, native copper, stone, wood, roots and bark
• Theses made axes, adzes, gouges, spears, knives, arrow points, scrapers, bone fish spears, awls, painting tools and sewing needles
• They had many different uses for each tool. But most were used for hunting, carving and other ways to build structures
Subsistence
• Summer-harvest sea food
• Winter-move inland and hunt.
• Hunt mostly moose, but also deer, caribou, bear, porcupine, rabbit, and beaver.
Kinship
• The Grand Chiefs eldest son became the next Grand Chief.
• The land was held together by common kinship.
ArtifactsArtifacts
The history of the Mi’ The history of the Mi’ kmaq People has been kmaq People has been preserved and preserved and expressed through the expressed through the spoken word and spoken word and hieroglyphic writing. hieroglyphic writing. They have also They have also contributed to the contributed to the Great Exhibition in Great Exhibition in London in 1851London in 1851 with with baskets, mats, a baskets, mats, a canoe, paddles, a canoe, paddles, a cradle, chairs, hoods, cradle, chairs, hoods, moccasins, a dress, moccasins, a dress, fans, purses and cigar fans, purses and cigar cases.cases.
Social OrganizationSocial Organization
There were many There were many different different subdivisions in subdivisions in the Mi’ kmaq the Mi’ kmaq Area. List in Area. List in next slidesnext slides
Community Community Province/State Province/State
Town/Reserve Town/Reserve Est. Est. Pop. Pop.
Míkmaq name Míkmaq name
AbegweitAbegweit First Nation First Nation Prince Edward IslandPrince Edward Island
ScotchfortScotchfort, , Rocky PointRocky Point, , MorellMorell
396396 EpekwitkEpekwitk
AcadiaAcadia Nova ScotiaNova Scotia YarmouthYarmouth 996996 MalikiaqMalikiaq
Annapolis ValleyAnnapolis Valley Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Cambridge StationCambridge Station 219219 KampalijekKampalijek
Aroostook Band of Aroostook Band of MicmacMicmac
MaineMaine Presque IslePresque Isle 920920 UlustukUlustuk
Bear River First NationBear River First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Bear RiverBear River 272272 LsetkukLsetkuk
Buctouche First NationBuctouche First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick BuctoucheBuctouche 8080 PuktuskPuktusk
Burnt Church First NatioBurnt Church First Nationn
New BrunswickNew Brunswick Burnt Church 14Burnt Church 14 1,4881,488 EskinuopitijkEskinuopitijk
Chapel Island First Chapel Island First NationNation
Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Chapel IslandChapel Island 576576 PotlotekPotlotek
Eel Ground First NationEel Ground First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick Eel GroundEel Ground 844844 NatuaqanekNatuaqanek
Eel River Bar First Eel River Bar First NationNation
New BrunswickNew Brunswick Eel River BarEel River Bar 589589 Ugpi'gangijUgpi'gangij
ElsipogtogElsipogtog First Nation First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick Big CoveBig Cove 3000+3000+ LsipuktukLsipuktuk
EskasoniEskasoni First Nation First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia EskasoniEskasoni 3,800+3,800+ WékistoqnikWékistoqnik
Fort Folly First NationFort Folly First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick DorchesterDorchester 105105 Amlamkuk Amlamkuk KwesawékKwesawék
Micmacs of Micmacs of GesgapegiagGesgapegiag
QuebecQuebec GesgapegiagGesgapegiag 1,1741,174 KeskapekiaqKeskapekiaq
Nation Micmac de Nation Micmac de GespegGespeg
QuebecQuebec FontenelleFontenelle 490490 KespékKespék
Glooscap First NationGlooscap First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia HantsportHantsport 360360 PesikitkPesikitk
Indian Island First NationIndian Island First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick Indian IslandIndian Island 145145 Lnui MenikukLnui Menikuk
Lennox Island First NationLennox Island First Nation Prince Edward IslandPrince Edward Island Lennox IslandLennox Island 700700 Lnui MnikukLnui Mnikuk
ListugujListuguj Mi'gmaqMi'gmaq First Nation First Nation
QuebecQuebec ListugujListuguj Mi'gmaqMi'gmaq First Nation First Nation
3,163,1666
ListikujkListikujk
MembertouMembertou First Nation First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia SydneySydney 1,051,0511
MaupeltukMaupeltuk
MetepenagiagMetepenagiag Mi'kmaqMi'kmaq Nation Nation
New BrunswickNew Brunswick Red BankRed Bank 527527 MetepnákiaqMetepnákiaq
MiawpukekMiawpukek First Nation First Nation Newfoundland and LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador
ConneConne River River 2,362,3666
MiawpukwekMiawpukwek
Millbrook First NationMillbrook First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia TruroTruro 14014000
WékopekwitkWékopekwitk
Pabineau First NationPabineau First Nation New BrunswickNew Brunswick BathurstBathurst 214214 KékwapskukKékwapskuk
Paq’tnkek First NationPaq’tnkek First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia AftonAfton 500500 PaqtnkekPaqtnkek
Pictou Landing First NationPictou Landing First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia TrentonTrenton 547547 PuksaqtéknékatPuksaqtéknékatikik
Indian Brook First NationIndian Brook First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia Indian BrookIndian Brook ( (ShubenacadieShubenacadie))
2,122,1200
SipekníkatikSipekníkatik
Wagmatcook First NationWagmatcook First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia WagmatcookWagmatcook 623623 WaqmitkukWaqmitkuk
Waycobah First NationWaycobah First Nation Nova ScotiaNova Scotia WhycocomaghWhycocomagh 900900 WékoqmáqWékoqmáq
Clothing Of The Mi’ kmaqClothing Of The Mi’ kmaq Clothing is made of animal Clothing is made of animal
skinsskins Animal brains, oil, and Animal brains, oil, and
smoking techniques were smoking techniques were used to tan the skinsused to tan the skins
Mens ClothingMens Clothing
Men’s garments include loose Men’s garments include loose robes of fur robes of fur
Leggings of moose, caribou Leggings of moose, caribou and seal hides at the hip to a and seal hides at the hip to a leather girdleleather girdle
Moccasins were made of seal Moccasins were made of seal and moose skinsand moose skins
Men had accessories such as Men had accessories such as a tobacco pouch and others a tobacco pouch and others to complete the outfitto complete the outfit
They had various designs of They had various designs of birds, beasts and humans on birds, beasts and humans on their robestheir robes
Clothing Of The Mi’ kmaqClothing Of The Mi’ kmaq Womens’ ClothingWomens’ Clothing The Robes that the women The Robes that the women
wore were similar to the wore were similar to the mensmens
They were belted to the They were belted to the waist, and dropped to below waist, and dropped to below the kneesthe knees
The women had straps on The women had straps on their shoulders that acted as their shoulders that acted as suspenderssuspenders
They had various designs of They had various designs of birds, beasts and humans on birds, beasts and humans on their robestheir robes
Many animal teeth and other Many animal teeth and other animal parts were included animal parts were included on the robes and body for on the robes and body for decoration decoration
Leadership and Leadership and GovernmentGovernment
The Mi’ kmaq people were The Mi’ kmaq people were ruled by the Chief – ruled by the Chief – hereditory cheifs were not hereditory cheifs were not part of the Mi’ kmaq part of the Mi’ kmaq societysociety
The Mi’ kmaw territory was The Mi’ kmaw territory was divided into 7 districtsdivided into 7 districts
The council members were The council members were elders, band chiefs and elders, band chiefs and other community leadersother community leaders
The Grand Chief was a title The Grand Chief was a title given to one of the district given to one of the district chiefschiefs
The grand chief was very The grand chief was very high up in statushigh up in status
ReferencesReferences Map of regions. [Online image] Available, Map of regions. [Online image] Available,
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9_EhdMbdI4E/ScmUXieg4uI/AAAAAAAAACU/Eu7uhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_9_EhdMbdI4E/ScmUXieg4uI/AAAAAAAAACU/Eu7uFc2rrv4/s400/regions.gifFc2rrv4/s400/regions.gif May 27, 2011. May 27, 2011.
Mi’kmaq information. [Online] Available Mi’kmaq information. [Online] Available http://museum.gov.ns.ca/arch/infos/mikmaq1.htm http://museum.gov.ns.ca/arch/infos/mikmaq1.htm
May 27, 2011May 27, 2011 AppalachianAppalachian Region. [Online] Available, Region. [Online] Available,
http://ss9geography.wikispaces.com/Appalachian+Regionhttp://ss9geography.wikispaces.com/Appalachian+Region May 27,2011. May 27,2011. Wigwam. [Online image] Available, Wigwam. [Online image] Available,
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/13964245.jpghttp://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/13964245.jpg May 28, 2011May 28, 2011 Wigwam. [Online image] Available, Wigwam. [Online image] Available,
http://www.manataka.org/images/Micmacwigwam1.jpg http://www.manataka.org/images/Micmacwigwam1.jpg May 28, 2011 May 28, 2011 Arrow head.Arrow head. [Online image] Available, [Online image] Available,
http://www.ancientresource.com/images/native-american-indian/arrowheadhttp://www.ancientresource.com/images/native-american-indian/arrowhead-grand701.jpg-grand701.jpg May 28, 2011May 28, 2011
Bone Awls. [Online image] Available, Bone Awls. [Online image] Available, http://millenniareproductions.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/al37.55http://millenniareproductions.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/al37.5593532.jpg93532.jpg May 28, 2011May 28, 2011
A chief. [Online image] Available, A chief. [Online image] Available, http://gov.ns.ca/nsarm/share.asp?url=/nsarm/images/NSIS&path=02731http://gov.ns.ca/nsarm/share.asp?url=/nsarm/images/NSIS&path=02731 , , June 1, 2011June 1, 2011