MH ICopy 3

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

DRILLAND

CEREMONIES

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY · AUGUST 1956

FM 22-5C1

FIELD MANUALDRILLS AND CEREMONIES

FM 22-5 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYCHANGES No. 1 HEADQUARTERS,

WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 25 June 1957

FM 22-5, 27 August 1956, is changed as follows:132. Honor Guards

f. As the commander * * * the appropriatehonors. If a firing battery is employed, the firstround is fired simultaneously with the first noteof the music and remaining rounds are fired attwo-second intervals (AR 600-25). All militarypersonnel * * * rendering of honors (AR 600-25).

TAGO * * * *

TAGO 7300C-Jun 1

[AG 353.5 (19 Jun 57)]By Order of Wilber M. Brucker, Secretary of the

Army:

MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,General, United States Army,

Official: Chief of StaffHERBERT M. JONES,

Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

Distribution:

Active Army;

Technical Svc, DA Ft & Camp

Technical Svc Bd USMA

USCONARC Svc CollegesUSARADCOM Br Svc Schs

OS Maj Comd PMST Sr Div UnitOS Base Comd PMST Jr Div Unit

Log Comd PMST Mil Sch Div Unit

MDW PMST Nat Def Cadet Corps Sch

Armies Tng Cen

Corps USA Tng Cen

Div ROTC Stu/Mil Sch Div

Brig ROTC Stu Sr Div (MS I, II, III,

Regt/Gp IV)

Bn ROTC Stu Jr Div

Co Stu Nat Def Cadet Corps Units

NG: State AG; units-same as Active Army.

USAR: Same as Active Army.

For explanation of abbreviations used see AR 320-50.

2 AGO 7300C

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

DRILLAND

CEREMONIES

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY * AUGUST 1956

*FM 22-5

Field Manual I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYNo. 22-5 J WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 7 August 1956

DRILL AND CEREMONIES

Paragraphs Page

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONSection 1. General -------_-------- 1-3 3

II. Drill instruction --------- 4-6 6

CHAPTER 2. COMMANDS AND THECOMMAND VOICE

Section I. Commands ----_-------- 7, 8 11II. The command voice ------ 9-16 13

CHAPTER 3. SCHOOL OF THE SOL-DIER WITHOUT ARMS 17-34 22

CHAPTER 4. SCHOOL OF THE SOL-DIER WITH ARMS

Section I. Manual of arms for therifle ------------------- 35-47 40

II. Manual of arms for theautomatic rifle __----__- 48,49 69

III. Manual of arms for thepistol ----------------- 50-52 71

IV. Manual of arms for thecarbine ---------------- 53-55 76

V. Manual of the guidon-____ 56-60 81

CHAPTER 5. THE SQUADSection I. General -------_-----_--- 61-63 91

II. Squad drill ---------- ____ 64-76 95

* This manual supersedes FM 22-5, 30 June 1953.

Paragraphs Page

CHAPTER 6. THE PLATOON

Section I. General ----------------- 77-80 114II. Platoon drill _____------- 81-89 119

CHAPTER 7. THE COMPANY

Section I. General ----------------- 90, 91 131II. Company drill -___------- 92-106 135

CHAPTER 8. THE BATTALION ANDTHE REGIMENT

Section I. General ----------------- 107-109 152II. The battalion ------------ 110-115 154

III. The regiment ___________ 116-118 162

CHAPTER 9. CEREMONIESSection I. Reviews ----------------- 119-126 167

II. Parades ----------------- 127-130 188III. Escorts and honor guards__ 131, 132 195IV. Colors and standards ______133-140 200V. Funerals ---------------- 141-156 208

CHAPTER 10. INSPECTIONS __-----_. 157-160 226

11. MOUNTED DRILLSection I. General ----------------- 161-174 236

II. Movement of vehicles _____175-180 245III. Signals ----------------- 181, 182 253IV. Mounted reviews _________183-188 256V. Inspection of mounted units189, 190 262

APPENDIX I. REFERENCES ----------.__--------- 266

II. MASTER KEY TOSYMBOLS ____--------.---------___267

INDEX --------------------------------..------__ 269

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Section I. GENERAL

1. Purpose and Scope

This manual presents army drill and cere-monies. It gives the techniques for teaching drilland ceremonies; the methods for developing thecommand voice; the school of the soldier; themanual of arms for the rifle, automatic rifle,pistol. and carbine; manual of the guidon; unitdrill through units of regimental size; and cere-monies, inspections, and mounted drill.

2. Definitions, Symbols, Capitalization

a. Definitions of drill terms used in this manualusually appear at the beginning of each chapterin which they are first used.

b. Symbol keys accompany figures, and a refer-ence key for all symbols appears in Appendix II,figure 77.

c. Capitalization. Preparatory commands(par. 7) and supplementary commands (par. 8)are shown in SMALL CAPITALS and commands ofexecution (par. 7) in LARGE CAPITALS. Com-bined commands (par. 7) are also shown inLARGE CAPITALS although they are sometimesused as supplementary commands.

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3. Drill and Ceremonies

a. During his first few weeks in the army thesoldier often asks, "why are drill and ceremoniesneeded? Why couldn't I use my time more advan-tageously learning how to fire my weapon?" Theanswers are that individual efforts alone do notbring survival or victory for the soldier; that thesoldier has to learn teamwork and the value ofunified and cooperative action so thoroughly thatthey guide his later actions instinctively. Thefirst opportunity that the army has to build thespirit of teamwork is on the parade ground.Here, all soldiers learn that there can be noorderly movement of men or units without a pre-cise and united effort, and every man learns toplay his part in the squad, platoon, or company.The commands for drill and ceremonies take ona similar meaning to the signals barked out bythe quarterback on a football team. After a shorttime the soldier knows what to do in response toa command. He also knows what his friends willdo and his confidence grows in himself and hisfriends. Teamwork results, unit pride grows,and a solid foundation is established for furthertraining of all types.

b. Drill consists of certain movements bywhich the squad, platoon, or company is movedin an orderly manner from one formation toanother or from one place to another. Thesemovements are executed with order and precision.Each member of the squad does his part withexactness so that on command the squad movesinstantly, smartly, and smoothly. The men are

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trained to stand, step off, march, halt, and tohandle the rifle smoothly as individuals and inunison as members of the squad.

c. Drill training begins the day the soldierenters the Army. In the beginning, he is taughtindividually the foot movements and the manualof arms. Immediately following this instruction,he practices these movements while marching,halting, and in combination with the handling ofhis weapon. The exercises are repeated until theyare performed smartly and automatically in re-sponse to a command. He is then placed in asquad and trained to do all these movements to-gether with other men. His squad is then placedin a platoon with other squads, where he learnsother movements. Finally, companies, battalions,and regiments are drilling smartly and withsmoothness and precision.

d. Ceremonies are formations and movementsin which a large number of troops participate.They execute movements in unison and with pre-cision upon command just as in drill. Althoughthe colors and standards and the martial musicadd color to military ceremonies, their primaryvalue is in rendering honors, preserving tradi-tions, and for stimulating esprit de corps. A cere-mony may inspire hundreds or even thousands ofmen to work as a great team; standing at atten-tion in ranks, making 1,000 rifles click like one,or marching with machine-like precision. Espritde corps is generated and every soldier in the unitbecomes proud of himself and his unit as a result

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of snappy appearance and precise group perform-ance.

Section II. DRILL INSTRUCTION

4. Conduct of Instructiona. The progress made by individuals and units

in precise and unified action in drill and cere-monies is determined by-

(1) The methods of instruction and thethoroughness of the instructors.

(2) The organization of training groups intounits of the most effective instructionalsize (c below).

b. The step-by-step method is the most effectiveway for instructing in drill and ceremonies. Thesteps of this method are to-

(1) Give the name of the movement or exer-cise and its practical use to the individ-ual or unit.

(2) Give the command to be used for themovement or exercise, and explain itselements: the preparatory command andthe command of execution (par. 7).

(3) Explain the movement and the commandso that soldiers may understand the per-tinent points of the demonstration.

(4) Demonstrate the movement or exerciseto the instructional group. If the move-ment is a precision movement, thedemonstrators execute it by the numbers(par. 5), one count or movement at atime and in the cadence (quick time,double time) in which it is to be ex-ecuted. If the movement is not a pre-

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cision movement, the demonstrators aretalked through each part of the move-ment to acquaint soldiers with the per-tinent points to be practiced.

(5) Give practical work by the numbers andtalk through the movement or exercise.Instructors and assistant instructorssupervise each movement or exerciseclosely and repeat these movements untilprecise movements become habitual.

c. Instruction and practical work in all phasesof the manual of arms and in the first six para-graphs of the school of the soldier without armsare most effectively presented in the "U" forma-tion. In this formation, three squads are formed,each in line, one to the front and one on eachside of the instructor. If a fourth squad is pres-ent, it forms behind and uncovers the squad thatis to the front of the instructor.

d. Instruction and practical work in all phasesof squad drill are most effectively presented intraining groups of squad size. Instruction inplatoon drill is best explained and demonstratedby a training group of platoon size. The practicalwork in platoon drill is executed by the platoonas a unit. The practical work in units larger thana platoon is most effectively conducted when theorganized elements of the unit are left intact fordrill purposes rather than arbitrarily brokendown into training groups of any given size.

e. Officers, noncommissioned officers, guidonbearers, and special units occupy designated postsin the various formations or units. When changes

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of formations involve changes of posts, the newposts are taken by the most direct route, exceptwhen otherwise prescribed, and should be takenas soon as practicable after the command ofexecution for the movement. Officers and non-commissioned officers who have prescribed dutiesin connection with the movement take their postswhen such duties are completed. When executingany facing movement, alining units, or when mov-ing from one post to another, officers and non-commissioned officers maintain a military bearingand move with precision.

f. When a noncommissioned officer takes theplace of an officer in commanding a unit, or anelement of a larger unit, he occupies the samepost as prescribed for the officer. He then carrieshis rifle at sling arms, as does an officer who isarmed with a carbine. At all other times whengiving commands, making reports, or drilling aunit, a noncommissioned officer, except a squadleader in ranks, carries the rifle at right shoulderarms.

g. When acting as instructors, officers and non-commissioned officers go wherever their presenceis necessary. They correct mistakes and insuresteadiness and proper performance in ranks.When it has been demonstrated that an individualis unable to execute the proper movements orassume the proper position, the instructor mayuse his hands to assist the individual.

5. Additional Techniques for Drill Instructiona. By the numbers is the method by which pre-

cision movements of two or more counts are

demonstrated, practiced, and learned, one countat a time. This method enables the soldier tolearn step by step and permits the instructor tomake detailed corrections. The instructor com-mands BY THE NUMBERS before giving the com-mands for the movements. (BY THE NUMBERS,

ABOUT, FACE.) The first count of the movementis executed on the command of execution, FACE.The second count is executed on command, TWOof READY, TWO; etc.

b. All subsequent commands are executed bythe numbers until the command WITHOUT THENUMBERS is given. For example, in teaching rightand left face, the command BY THE NUMBERSwould be given at the beginning of the practicalexercise. Each facing is repeated several timesby the numbers until the instructor gives WITH-OUT THE NUMBERS. The same exercises are re-peated in the cadence (par. 13) for the move-ment. Subsequent movements are also executedin the cadence for the movement.

c. Talking through a movement is the methodby which an exercise containing several nonpre-cision movements is demonstrated, practiced, andlearned. Each movement is executed as it is de-scribed. In FIX BAYONETS, for example, theinstructor tells the soldier to move the muzzle ofthe rifle to the left and grasp it below the stack-ing swivel with his left hand. After the soldierexecutes these steps, the instructor tells him tograsp the bayonet in his right hand. After talk-ing the soldier through the remaining steps, theinstructor has him practice the movement innormal cadence.

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d. Oral examinations are given soldiers atregular intervals throughout their training indrill and ceremonies. These examinations aregiven with the minimum number of students perinstructor. Each soldier is required to give in-struction to other members of his group as if theyhad no previous knowledge of the subject. Theinstructor rates the soldiers for instructionalability and technical knowledge. The group ofsoldiers will find that they increase their grasp ofthe subject and teach themselves by the repetitionrequired in the examination.

e. Competitive drill exercises are conducted todetermine the best drilled individual and unitwithin larger units. Appropriate prizes areawarded at ceremonies to the winners in thiscompetition.

6. Command Voice

Instructors should pay particular attention todeveloping command voice in soldiers. This canbe done by-

a. Setting the example; that is, by giving allcommands to soldiers with the correct voice con-trol, distinctness, inflection, cadence, and snap(pars. 9-14).

b. Encouraging the members of an instruc-tional group to practice commands with help ofthe instructors.

c. Giving the members of an instructionalgroup the opportunity to command.

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CHAPTER 2

COMMANDS AND THE COMMAND VOICE

Section 1. COMMANDS

7. GeneralA drill command is an oral order of a com-

mander. The commander gives all commands tohis unit, except in the few cases mentioned inthis manual.

a. Most drill commands have two parts, knownas the preparatory command and the commandof execution. Neither of these parts is actuallya command by itself, but they are termed com-mands to simplify instruction.

(1) The preparatory command states themovement or formation to be carriedout and mentally prepares the individualfor its execution. In the command FOR-WARD, MARCH, the preparatory com-mand is FORWARD.

(2) The command of execution tells whenthe movement is to be carried out. InFORWARD, MARCH, the command ofexecution is MARCH.

b. In some commands the preparatory com-mand and the command of execution are com-bined, for example: FALL IN, CONTINUE THEMARCH, DRESS RIGHT, CLOSE ON LEAD-

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ING PLATOON, AT EASE, and REST. Thesecommands are given without inflection and at auniformly high pitch and loudness comparable tothat for a normal command of execution.

c. The commander faces his troops when givingcommands except as outlined in paragraph 8ebelow.

d. For a change in direction, the preparatorycommand and the command of execution aregiven so as to end as the foot corresponding tothe direction of the turn or movement strikes theground.

e. The commander gives AS YOU WERE torevoke a preparatory command that.he has given.He may give AS YOU WERE to cancel a com-mand of execution for facing movement or move-ments in the manual of arms that are beingimproperly executed. In this case, the movementstops and the men resume their former position.If an improperly given command is not revoked,the men execute the movement in the best man-ner possible.

8. Supplementary Commands

a. When a command requires an element of aunit to execute a movement different from theother elements, or the same movement at a differ-ent time, the subordinate commander gives asupplementary command over his shoulder.

b. Generally, supplementary commands aregiven between' the preparatory command andcommand of execution of the unit commander.In some cases, the supplementary commands fol-low the command of execution (par. 86).

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c. When a subordinate leader gives a supple-mentary command, he turns his head toward themajority of his element and gives the commandover his shoulder. He does not face about.

Section- U. THE COMMAND VOICE

9. General

The precision with which a movement is exe-cuted is determined by the manner in which thecommand is given. A correctly delivered com-mand is loud and distinct and will be understoodclearly by everyone in the unit. Correct com-mands have a tone, cadence, and snap thatdemand willing, correct, and immediate response.

10. Voice Control

a. The loudness of a command is adjusted tothe number of men in the unit. Normally, thecommander places himself in the front and centerof his unit and speaks facing his unit so that hisvoice reaches all the men.

b. It is necessary for the voice to have carry-ing power, but excessive exertion is unnecessaryand harmful. A typical result of "trying toohard" is the almost unconscious tightening ofthe neck muscles to force out sound. This willproduce strain, hoarseness, sore throat, and,worst of all, indistinct and jumbled soundsinstead of clear commands. Ease is achievedthrough good posture, proper breathing, correctadjustment of throat and mouth muscles, andconfidence.

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c. The best posture for giving commands is atthe position of attention (fig. 6). Soldiers information notice the posture of their leader. Ifhis posture is unmilitary (relaxed, slouched, stiff,or uneasy) the men will imitate it.

d. The most important muscle used in breath-ing is the diaphragm-the large muscle that sepa-rates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity.The diaphragm automatically controls normalbreathing and is used to control the breath ingiving commands.

e. The cavities of the throat, mouth, and noseact as amplifiers and help to give fullness (reso-nance) and projection to the voice.1 1. Distinctness

a. Distinctness depends on the correct use ofyour tongue, lips, and teeth, which form the sepa-rate sounds of a word and group the sounds intosyllables. Distinct commands are effective; indis-tinct commands cause confusion. All commandscan be pronounced correctly without loss of effect.Place emphasis on correct enunciation (distinct-ness). To enunciate clearly, make full use of yourlips, tongue, and lower jaw.

b. To develop the ability to give clear, distinctcommands, practice giving commands slowly andcarefully, prolonging the syllables. Then gradu-ally increase your rate of delivery until youdevelop the proper cadence, still enunciating eachsyllable distinctly.12. Inflection

Inflection is the rise and fall in pitch and thetone changes of the voice.

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a. The preparatory command is the commandwhich indicates the movement. Pronounce eachpreparatory command with a generally risinginflection. The most desirable pitch when begin-ning a preparatory command is near the level ofyour natural speaking voice. A common faultwith beginners is to start the preparatory com-mand in a pitch so high that, after employing arising inflection for the preparatory command,it is impossible to give the command of executionwith clarity or without strain. A good rule toremember is to begin a command near the naturalpitch of your voice.

b. The command of execution is the commandwhich indicates when a movement is to be exe-cuted. Give it in a sharper tone and in a slightlyhigher pitch than the last syllable of the prepara-tory command. It must have plenty of snap. Thebest way to develop a command voice is to prac-tice commands like PLATOON, HALT. Figures 1through 5 show graphically how cammands shouldsound and how they should be given.

c. In some commands, such as FALL IN andCLOSE ON LEADING PLATOON, the prepara-tory command and command of execution arecombined. Give these commands without inflec-tion and at a uniformly high pitch and, loudnesscomparable to, that for a normal command ofexecution.

13. Cadencea. Cadence in commands means a uniform and

rhythmic flow of words. The interval betweencommands is generally of uniform length for any

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given troop unit. This is necessary so that every-one in the unit will be able to understand thepreparatory command and will know when toexpect the command of execution. For the squador platoon in march, except when supplementarycommands need to be given, the best interval oftime is that which allows one step to be takenbetween the preparatory command and the com-mand of execution. For example:

ONE TWO THREEPLATOON HALT

The same interval is best for commands givenat the halt. To develop the proper cadence forcommands at a halt, count the cadence ONE, TWO,THREE, FOUR, in quick time; then give commandssuch as RIGHT, FACE, without interrupting thecadence:

PITCH

I ' ' l

CADENCE

Figure 1. Diagram of the command,SQUAD, ATTENTION.

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ONE TWO THREE FOURRIGHT FACE

Longer commands, such as RIGHT FLANK,MARCH, must be started so that the preparatorycommand will end on the proper foot, and leavea full count between the preparatory commandand command of execution:

LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHTRIGHT FLANK MARCH

Pronounce each word distinctly.b. For a platoon, company, or larger unit, when

supplementary commands are necessary, theinterval must be long enough to let the otherleaders give their preparatory commands or togive the supplementary command for their par-ticular unit. The following example shows propercadence for giving the command RIGHT, FACE,to a company in line or a column of platoons.

PITCH _

3 =54CADENCE

Figure 2. Diagram of the command, REAR, MARCH.

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ONE TWO THREE FOUR ONE TWORIGHT RIGHT FACE

(Company (Platoon (CompanyCommander) Leaders) Commander)

14. Snap

Snap is that extra quality in a command thatdemands immediate response. It expresses con-fidence, alertness, and decisiveness-complete con-trol of yourself and situation. Get as much snapinto the commands as possible, but never neglectdistinctness. Know the commands and be ableto voice them effectively.

15. Mass Commands

a. Mass commands may be used to developconfidence and enthusiasm. All members of theunit being trained speak the commands in unisonand execute them.

HIGHEST (L __a

PITCH

PITCH g2= =--=

LSPEAKIG _- I _Figcr C. ADENCE

Figure 3. Diagram of the command, PORT, ARMS.

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I HEST

PITCH e_

PITCH

i CADENCE

Figure 4. Diagram of the command,RIGHT FLANK, MARCH.

t _S _ _

PITCH

".CADENGE _i N iFigure 5. Diagram of the command,

coMPANY (PLATOON) HALT.

b. When the instructor wants his unit to usemass commands, he says AT YOUR COMMAND.He gives a preparatory command describing themovement he wants performed; for example,FACE THE PLATOON TO THE RIGHT. His commandof execution is COMMAND. When he saysCOMMAND, all men in the unit give the com-mand RIGHT, FACE in unison and execute it.

c. The following mass commands are the onesnormally used:

(1) CALL THE PLATOON TO ATTENTION, COM-MAND.

(2) HAVE THE PLATOON STAND AT PARADEREST, COMMAND.

(3) FACE THE PLATOON TO THE RIGHT, COM-MAND.

(4) MARCH THE PLATOON FORWARD, COM-MAND.

(5) HALT THE PLATOON, COMMAND.d. To give mass commands while marching,

the instructor gives the preparatory commandfor the movement and substitutes COMMANDfor the command of execution MARCH; forexample: COLUMN RIGHT, COMMAND; REAR,COMMAND; etc.

e. When the instructor wants to stop masscommands, he says AT MY COMMAND. Thenormal method of drilling is then resumed.

16. Individual Commands From RanksAfter a unit has acquired some skill in execut-

ing commands and in giving mass commands, theinstructor may designate an individual by nameor place in ranks and have him give commands.

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He designates the man while marching or at ahalt and describes the movement to be performedas he does for mass commands, except that hedoes not add COMMAND. The designated manthen gives the appropriate command, remainingin his position in ranks and executing the move-ment with the platoon. After the man has givenseveral commands, the instructor and the rest ofthe group critique his performance.

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CHAPTER 3

SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER WITHOUT ARMS

17. General

a. This chapter contains most of the individualpositions and movements required in drill. Thesepositions and the correct execution of the move-ments in every detail should be learned beforeproceeding to unit drill. Absolute precision isrequired in drills.

b. The explanation of a movement that may beexecuted toward either flank is given in this chap-ter for only one flank. To execute the movementtoward the opposite flank, substitute the word"left" for "right" or "right" for "left" in theexplanation.

c. Any marching movements may be executedin double time unless stated otherwise. When amovement is to be executed in double time froma halt or from quick time, the command DOUBLETIME immediately preceeds the command of exe-cution. (When the unit is in double time, DOUBLETIME is not given preceding the command ofexecution for the movement.)

18. Definitions

To help understand the meaning of certainterms used in this chapter, the following defini-tions are included:

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a. Cadence is the uniform rhythm in which amovement is executed, or the number of steps orcounts per minute at which the movement isexecuted.

b. Double time is the cadence of 180 counts orsteps per minute. It is also the name of themarching movement in which 180 36-inch stepsper minute are taken.

c. Element is an individual, squad, section,platoon, company, or larger unit forming a partof the next larger unit.

d. Step is the prescribed distance measuredfrom heel to heel between the feet of a marchingman.

e. Quick time is the cadence of 120 counts orsteps per minute. It is also the name of themarching movement in which 120 30-inch stepsper minute are taken.

19. Position of Attentiona. Assume the position of attention (fig. 6)

on the command FALL IN or SQUAD (PLATOON),ATTENTION.

b. To come to attention, bring your heelstogether smartly on the same line. Hold them asnear each other as the conformation of your bodypermits.

c. Turn your feet out equally, forming an angleof 45 °.

d. Keep your legs straight without stiffeningor locking your knees.

e. Hold your body erect with your hips level,chest lifted and arched, and your shoulderssquare and even.

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i I

Figure 6. Position of attention.

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f, Let your arms hang naturally along yoursides with the backs of your hands outward, yourfingers curled so that the tips of your thumbstouch the tips of your forefingers. Keep yourthumbs along the seams of your trousers.

g. Keep your head erect and hold it squarely tothe front with your chin drown in so that the axisof your head and neck is vertical. Look straightto the front.

h. Rest the weight of your body equally on theheels and the balls of your feet.

20. Rests at the Halta. The following rests are executed at the halt:

parade rest, stand at-ease, at ease, rest, andfall out.

b. At the command REST, of PARADE, REST,(given at attention only) move your left footsmartly 12 inches to the left of your right foot.Keep your legs straight so that the weight ofyour body rests equally on the heels and the ballsof both feet (fig. 7). At the same time, let yourarms hang naturally behind your back and belowthe belt line. Keep the fingers of both handsextended and joined; interlock your thumbs sothat the palm of your right hand is outward (fig.8). Hold your head and eyes as at the positionof attention. Remain silent and do not move.

c. At the command EASE, of STAND AT, EASE(given from the position of attention or fromparade rest), execute parade rest as describedabove, but turn your head and eyes directlytoward the commander. This command is givento gain the undivided attention of the unit when

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it is in a rest position, without sacrificing a uni-form appearance.

d. At the command AT EASE keep your rightfoot in position. You may move, but must remainsilent.

e. At the command REST, keep one foot inplace. You may talk and move.

f. AT EASE and REST may be commandedfrom the position of attention, from each other,or from parade rest.

g. In resuming the position of attention fromat ease, stand at ease, or rest, take the positionof parade rest at the command SQUAD or PLATOON;at- 'Lhe command ATTENTION, assume thatposition.

h. At the command FALL OUT, given fromattention only, you may leave your position in theformation, but remain in the immediate area.Resume your former place in the formation at theposition of attention at the command FALL IN.

21. Facings at the HaltFacings at the halt are executed in quick time.a. Face to the Flank. The command is RIGHT

(LEFT), FACE. This is a two-count movement.At the command FACE, slightly raise your leftheel and right toe, and turn 900 to the right onyour right heel, assisted by a slight pressure onthe ball of your left foot, in one count. Hold yourleft leg straight without stiffness (1, fig. 9). Onthe second count, place your left foot smartlybeside your right foot, as at attention (2, fig. 9).Hold your arms as at attention when executingthis movement.

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II

4,12'8

% I

I'd, v~~~~~~

Figure 7. Parade rest (front view).

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>l2' J

12Figure 8. Parade rest (rea view).

Figure 8. Parade rest (rear28 ew).

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II

0 0Figure 9. Right face.

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b. Face to the Rear. The command is ABOUT,

FACE. This is a two-count movement. At thecommand FACE, move the toe of your right footto a position touching the ground one-half thelength of your foot to the rear and slightly to theleft of your left heel. This is the first count ofthe movement (fig. 10). Do not change the posi-tion of your left foot and keep your right legstraight without stiffness, resting most of theweight of your body on the heel of the left foot.On the second count, face to the rear, turning180 ° to the right on your left heel and the ballof your right foot so that your feet are at atten-tion when you complete the turn. Hold your armsas at attention when executing this movement.

22. Hand Salute and Eyes Righta. For instructional purposes, the command is

HAND, SALUTE. This is a two-count movement.On the first count, raise your right hand and armsmartly, in the most direct manner, until the tipof your forefinger touches the lower part of yourheaddress. When not wearing a headdress, touchyour forehead slightly above your right eye. Keepyour fingers and thumb extended and joined, yourforearm, wrist, and hand straight, and yourupper arm horizontal (fig. 11). On the secondcount (READY, TWO), drop your hand and armsmartly in the most direct manner to your sideas in the position of attention.

b. EYES, RIGHT is a one-count movement. Onthe command RIGHT, turn your head and eyessmartly to the right on an angle of 450, keepingyour shoulders parallel to the front. On the com-

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f O

0 30Figure 10. About face.

31

0 0Figure 11. Hand salute.

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mand FRONT of READY, FRONT, turn your headand eyes smartly to the front.

23. Steps and Marchings

a. When executed from a halt, all steps andmarchings except right step begin with the leftfoot.

b. For movements involving a turn whilemarching, both the preparatory command andthe command of execution are completed on thefoot in the direction of the turn. Normally, forunits no larger than a squad or platoon, the com-mands are given so that there is one step betweenthe end of the preparatory command and the com-mand of execution. For units larger than aplatoon, time is allowed for the unit leaders torepeat the preparatory command or to give theirsupplementary command.

c. When instructing in marchings, -it is oftenhelpful to have the soldiers count cadence. Theinstructor should count cadence as little as possi-ble. The command COUNT CADENCE, COUNT, isgiven as the left foot strikes the ground whilemarching at quick or double time. The soldierstakes one more step and then count aloud foreight steps, ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, ONE, TWO,

THREE, FOUR. The count should be vigorous andsnappy. When the unit is further along in itstraining, it should be halted, when necessary, andmarched forward again to get proper cadence.The soldier should develop a sense of rhythmrather than depending upon counting cadence.

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24. Quick Timea. To march forward in quick time from a halt,

the command is FORWARD, MARCH. At the com-mand, FORWARD, shift the weight of your body toyour right leg without noticeable movement. Atthe command MARCH, step off smartly with yourleft foot and march straight forward with 30-inchsteps without stiffness or exaggerating yourmovements. Swing your arms easily in theirnatural arcs, 9 inches straight to the front and6 inches to the rear of the seams of your trousers.Keep your arms straight without stiffness, yourfingers curled as in the position of attention andjust clearing your trousers when swinging.

b. To halt from quick time, the command isSQUAD (PLATOON), HALT, given as either footstrikes the ground. At the command of execution,take one more step and then bring your rear footalongside the stationary foot, as at the position ofattention, halting in two counts.

25. To March in Placea. To march in place at quick time, the com-

mand MARK TIME, MARCH is given as either footstrikes the ground while marching at quick timeor at half step.

b. When marching at quick time or half stepand the command MARK TIME, MARCH is given,take one more step after the command of execu-tion, plant the trailing foot alongside your sta-tionary foot and march in place. Raise each footalternately, approximately two inches off theground, executing the movement in quick time.Allow your arms to swing naturally.

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c. The command FORWARD, MARCH is givento resume marching with the 30-inch step. Takeone more step in place and then step off with afull step. This command is given as either footstrikes the ground.

d. The halt from mark time is executed simi-larly to the halt from quick time.

26. Half Step

a. To march with a 15-inch step, the commandHALF STEP, MARCH is given on either foot, andonly while marching at quick time.

b. At the command MARCH, take one more30-inch step, then take 15-inch steps in quicktime. Allow your arms to swing naturally.

c. To resume the 30-inch step, the commandand execution are similar to the movement frommark time.

d. The halt from the half step is similar to thehalt from quick time.

e. While marching at the half step, no columnor flanking movements can be executed.

27. Double Time

a. The command DOUBLE TIME, MARCH isgiven from a halt, or as either foot strikes theground while marching at quick time.

b. When DOUBLE TIME is given from a halt,shift the weight of your body to your right legwithout noticeable movement. At the commandMARCH, raise your forearms to a horizontalposition, with your fingers and thumbs closed,knuckles out, and step off with your left foot.Continue to march with 36-inch steps in an easy

35

jog at the cadence of double time. Let your armsswing naturally straight to the front and rear,but keep your forearms horizontal.

c. When marching at quick time, and the com-mand DOUBLE TIME, MARCH is given, take onemore 30-inch step and step off with your trailingfoot in double time as instructed in b above.

d. To resume quick time from double time, thecommand is QUICK TIME, MARCH, given as eitherfoot strikes the ground. At the command of exe-cution, take two more double-time steps, thenresume quick time, dropping your arms at yourside.

e. At the command HALT, when marching atdouble time, take two more double-time steps,then drop your arms and halt in two counts atquick time.

28. Double Time in Place

a. To double time in place, the command INPLACE DOUBLE TIME, MARCH is given whilemarching at double time, when either foot strikesthe ground.

b. When marching at double time, at the com-mand of execution, take two more steps in doubletime, then bring the trailing foot alongside anddouble time in place, raising your feet approxi-mately six inches off the ground.

c. To resume double time, the command DOUBLETIME, MARCH is given as either foot strikes theground. At the command MARCH, take two moresteps in place, then step off at double time withthe 36-inch step.

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d. The halt from in place double time is similarto the halt from double time in marching.

29. Side Step

a. The command RIGHT (LEFT) STEP, MARCHis given only from the halt.

b. On the command MARCH, slightly bendyour right knee and raise your right leg onlyhigh enough to allow freedom of movement. Placeyour right foot 12 inches to the right of the leftfoot, and then move your left foot, keeping yourleft leg straight, to a position alongside the rightfoot as in the position of attention. Continue thismovement in quick time, keeping your arms byyour sides, until the command HALT is given.

c. To halt from side step, the preparatory com-mand is given when the heels are together, andthe command of execution (HALT) when theheels are together the next time. The halt fromthe side step is executed in two counts. On thecommand HALT, take one more step with yourright foot and place your left foot alongside theright, in the position of attention.

30. To March Backward

a. The command BACKWARD, MARCH is givenonly from the halt.

b. At the command MARCH, take a 15-inchstep to the rear with your left foot, and continuemarching backward with 15-inch steps in quicktime. Allow your arms to swing naturally.

c. The halt from backward march is executedin two counts, similarly to the halt from quick

37

time, and may be given as either foot strikes theground.

d. Backward, march is executed only in quicktime and for short distances.

31. To Face in Marching From a HaltFacings in marching from a halt are important

parts of the following movements: alinements;column left; close and extend while in line; takeinterval; and assemble. For instructional pur-poses only, the command FACE TO THE RIGHT(LEFT) IN MARCHING, MARCH may be used toteach the individual to execute the movementproperly. To execute the movement, pivot to theright or left on the ball of your right foot, andstep off in the indicated direction with your leftfoot. Execute the pivot and the step in one countand continue marching in the new direction.

32. To March to The Reara. The command REAR, MARCH is given as

the right foot strikes the ground and only whilemarching in quick time.

b. At the command of execution, take one morestep with your left foot, pivot on the balls of bothfeet, turning 180 ° to the right, and step off inthe new direction. The pivot takes a full count.Hold your arms at your sides while executing themovement.

33. To Change Stepa. The command CHANGE STEP, MARCH is

given as the right foot strikes the ground whilemarching at quick time.

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b. At the command of execution, take one morestep with your left foot. Then, in one count, placeyour right toe near the heel of your left foot andthen step off again with your left foot.

34. Rest Movements While Marchinga. The command ROUTE STEP, MARCH or AT

EASE, MARCH are given on either foot whenmarching at quick time.

b. At the command MARCH of ROUTE STEP,MARCH take one more step and assume ROUTESTEP, MARCH. Neither silence nor cadence isrequired, but maintain the prescribed interval anddistance.

c. At the command MARCH of AT EASE,MARCH, take one more step and assume AT EASE,MARCH. Cadence is not required, but maintainsilence and the prescribed interval and distance.

d. The commands AT EASE and ROUTE STEP,MARCH are given only from quick time or fromeach other. The unit must be called to attentionbefore other commands may be given. The com-mander counts cadence for eight steps aftercalling the unit to attention.

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CHAPTER 4

SCHOOL OF THE SOLDIER WITH ARMS

Section I. MANUAL OF ARMS FOR THE RIFLE

35. Generala. Execute FALL IN with the rifle at order

arms.b. Facings, alinements, and short-distance

marching movements are normally executed fromorder arms. Side step, backward march, open andclose ranks, and close and extend are short-distance movements. To march units forward forsimilar short distances, forward march also maybe given from order arms. When these move-ments are commanded while at order arms, comeautomatically to trail arms on the command ofexecution for the movement. Return the rifle toorder arms on halting.

c. Before starting any other marching move-ment of armed troops, face the troops in thedesired direction of march and then bring theweapons to right shoulder, port, or sling armsby the appropriate command. When a marchingmovement has been completed, and it is desiredto execute a facing movement, first have theweapons brought to order arms or unsling armsand then give the command for the facingmovement.

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d. When at a position other than sling arms,come to port arms for double time. When information, the commander gives the appropriatecommands.

36. Rules for the Rifle Manual of Armsa. The term "at the balance" refers to a point

on the rifle just forward of the trigger housing(fig. 12).

b. With your left hand at the balance, holdthe rifle by your thumb and fingers, including thesling in your grasp. Extend and join your fin-gers, forming a "U" with your thumb.

c. The position of the rifle known as "diago-nally across the body" is as follows (fig. 13): thebarrel is up, the heel of the butt is on line withyour right hip, and the barrel is at such an anglethat one point of the barrel is in front of thejuncture of your neck and left shoulder. Holdthe rifle at a height which allows your right fore-arm to be horizontal when you grasp the smallof the stock with your right hand. Grasp the rifleat the balance with your left hand as described inb above, keeping your left elbow in at your side.The distance of the rifle from your body dependsupon the conformation of your body, but it shouldbe approximately 4 inches from your belt.

d. The cadence for rifle movements is quicktime; however, in early. stages of instruction,precise execution is learned before acquiring theproper cadence.

e. The manual for the rifle is taught to be exe-cuted while standing at the position of attention.To add interest to drill or lessen fatigue on long

41

marches, movements between right and leftshoulder, and port arms may be commandedwhen marching at attention in quick time. Tomove the rifle to the left shoulder from the rightshoulder when marching, the command LEFTSHOULDER, ARMS is given as the left foot strikesthe ground. The first count of this movement isexecuted as the right foot strikes the ground andthe left arm is moving forward in its naturalarc. To move the rifle to the right shoulder fromthe left shoulder when marching, the commandRIGHT SHOULDER, ARMS is given as the right footstrikes the ground. The first count of this move-ment is executed as the left foot strikes theground and the right arm is moving forward inits natural arc.

f. Any position of the manual of arms may beexecuted from another position, except inspectionarms and trail arms, which must be executedfrom the position of order arms. Port arms is theonly movement that may be commanded from

REAR OF RECEIVER OPERATINO ROD HANDLE

HEEL OF BUTT \/ UPPER HAND GUARD

LOCK -CE STA..ING SWIVEL

BUTT SMALL OF STOCK SLING\ / TRICGER GUARD BAYONET STUD

TOE OF BUTT TRIGGER UPPER SLING SWIVEL

Figure 12. Drill nomenclature of the U. S. RifleCal .30, Ml.

42

Figure 13. Rifle held diagonally across the body.

43

inspection arms. Sling and unsling arms, and fixand unfix bayonets are not considered as part ofthe manual of arms for this purpose.

37. Order Armsa. Order arms is the position of the soldier at

attention with the rifle. -It is assumed on thecommand SQUAD (PLATOON), ATTENTION fromany of the rest positions except fall out. Orderarms is assumed on the command FALL IN andon the command ORDER, ARMS from any positionin the manual except inspection arms.

b. At order arms, maintain the position ofattention except for your right arm and rifle.Place the butt of the rifle on the ground with thebarrel to the rear and the toe of the rifle buttagainst your right shoe, on line with the frontof your right shoe. Grasp the upper hand guardwith your right hand in a "V" formed by yourfingers extended and joined, and your thumb.Hold the tips of your index finger and thumb online with the forward edge of the upper handguard. Keep your right hand and arm behind therifle so that your thumb is along your trouserseam (fig. 14).

38. Rest Positions With the RifleThe rest positions with the rifle are commanded

and executed as without arms, with the followingexceptions and additions.

a. On the command PARADE, REST keep the toeof the rifle butt on line with the front of yourright shoe, and hold the rifle butt against yourright shoe. Slide your right hand upward,

44

Figure 14. Order arms.

45

® I

e 0Figure 15. Parade rest.

46

regrasp the upper hand guard and straightenyour right arm so the muzzle of the rifle isinclined toward the front. Place your left handbehind your back, just below the belt line, withyour fingers and thumb extended and joined andyour palm to the rear. Thrust the rifle out atthe same time you move your left foot (fig. 15).

b. Execute STAND AT, EASE with the rifle thesame as parade rest with the rifle, but turn yourhead and eyes toward the commander.

c. On the command AT EASE or REST, keepyour right foot in place. Hold the rifle as inparade rest, except that you may relax your armslightly. When at sling arms, follow the pro-cedure outlined in paragraph 46e.

d. Armed troops must be at attention at orderarms, port arms, stack arms, or unsling armsbefore FALL OUT may be given.

39. Trail Armsa. The position of trail arms is executed on

the command of execution of a march commandwhen no other command precedes the prepara-tory command for the movement.

b. For instructional purposes, the commandTRAIL, ARMS may be used to give the position ata halt. At the command ARMS, grasp the riflewith your right hand, with your fingers andthumb closed around the upper hand guard, yourforearm and wrist straight and your elbow intoyour side. Raise the rifle butt three inches offthe ground and incline the rifle forward at anangle of 300. This movement is executed in onecount (fig. 16).

47

c. At the command ARMS, of ORDER, ARMSlower the rifle to the ground with your righthand, steadying and guiding the rifle with yourleft hand between the stacking swivel and muzzle.When TRAIL, ARMS is commanded, hold the rifleat the trail until ORDER, ARMS is given.

40. Right Shoulder Armsa. The command is RIGHT SHOULDER, ARMS.b. This is a four count movement. At the

command ARMS, raise the rifle diagonally acrossyour body with your right hand, grasping it atthe balance with your left hand so that the rifleis approximately 4 inches from your belt (countone) (1, fig. 17). Hold your right elbow downwithout strain. On the second count, regrasp therifle at the butt with your right hand, the heel ofthe butt between the first two fingers, thumb andfingers closed around the stock with the thumband index finger touching (2, fig. 17). On thethird count, place the rifle on your right shoulderwith the grasp of your right hand unchanged.Release your left hand from the balance and useit to guide the rifle to your shoulder by placingyour left hand at the small of the stock, thumband fingers extended and joined, palm towardyour body, and the first joint of your left fore-finger touching the rear of the receiver. Keepyour left elbow down (3, fig. 17). On the fourthcount, cut your left hand smartly back to its posi-tion by your side as at attention. At right shoul-der arms, keep your right forearm horizontal andyour right elbow against your side and on linewith your back (4, fig. 17).

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Figure 16. Trail arms.

49

I

0 0Figure 17. Right Shoulder Arms.

0 0lFigure 17- Continued.

51

c. The return to order arms is a four countmovement. On the command ARMS, press therifle butt down quickly and move the rifle diago-nally across your body, turning the butt so as tokeep the barrel up. Grasp the rifle smartly at thebalance with your left hand, retaining the graspof your right hand on the butt (count one). Onthe second count, move your right hand up andacross your body and grasp the upper hand guard,without moving the rifle. On the third count,release your left hand from the balance and lowerthe rifle to your right side with your right handso that the butt is 3 inches from the ground.Place your left hand onothe rifle in the vicinityof the stacking swivel, fingers and thumbextended and joined, palm to the rear, to steadythe rifle and hold the barrel vertical (fig. 19).On the fourth count, lower the rifle gently to theorder with your right hand and cut your left handsmartly to your side.

41. Port Armsa. The command is PORT, ARMS.b. This is a two-count movement from order

arms. The first count of the movement to portarms is the same as the first count from orderto right shoulder arms (1, fig. 18). On the second-count, regrasp the rifle with your right hand atthe small of the stock, fingers and thumb closedaround the stock (2, fig. 18). At port arms, keepyour right forearm horizontal with your elbowsin at your sides and hold the rifle diagonallyacross your body, approximately 4 inches fromyour belt.

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*V//XA

!lA

I II;~ ~ I

0 0Figure 18. Port anns.

53

c. Order arms from port arms is executed inthree counts. At the command ARMS, move yourright hand up and across your body and graspthe upper hand guard, without moving the rifle.The remaining two counts are the same as thelast two counts of the movement from right shoul-der to order arms (fig. 19).

d. Right shoulder arms from port arms is athree-count movement. On the first count, regraspthe rifle at the butt with your right hand as youwould in coming to right shoulder from orderarms. The last two counts are the same as thelast two counts in moving from order to rightshoulder arms.

e. Port arms from right shoulder arms is atwo-count movement. The first count is the sameas the first count from right shoulder to orderarms. On the second count, regrasp the rifle withyour right hand at the small of the stock in theposition of port arms.

42. Left Shoulder Armsa. The command is LEFT SHOULDER, ARMS.

In coming to left shoulder arms from other posi-tions of the manual, or in going to other positionsin the manual from left shoulder arms, alwaysexecute port arms as part of the movement.

b. In coming to left shoulder from order arms,come to port arms in the first two count.; (1 and2, fig. 18). On the third count, place the rifle onyour left shoulder with your right hand, keepingyour right arm down; at the same time, regraspthe butt with your left hand in a manner similarto grasping the butt with your right hand in

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- r

Figure 19. Next to last count in executing order arms.

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0 oFigure 20. Counts three and four of left shoulder arms

from order arms.

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right shoulder arms (1, fig. 20). On the fourthcount, cut your right hand smartly to your side(2, fig. 20). The position is similar to right shoul-der arms.

c. Port arms from left shoulder arms is a two-count movement. On the first count, reach acrossyour chest and grasp the small of the stock withyour right hand, keeping your right elbow down.On the second count, carry the rifle diagonallyacross your body with your right hand, andregrasp the balance with your left hand as in theposition of port arms (2, fig. 18).

d. Order or right shoulder arms from leftshoulder arms is a five-count movement. On thefirst two counts, bring the rifle to port arms. Onthe last three counts, go to order arms or rightshoulder arms as described in paragraphs 37 and40.

43. Present Arms

a. The command is PRESENT, ARMS.b. From order arms to present arms is a two-

count movement. On the first count, carry therifle to the center of your body with your righthand, keeping the barrel to the rear and vertical.Grasp the rifle and sling at the balance with yourleft hand, forearm horizontal, and elbow againstyour body (1, fig. 21). On the second count, graspthe small of the stock with your right hand (2,fig. 21). The distance of the rifle from your bodydepends upon the conformation of your body, butit should be approximately 4 inches from yourbelt.

57

0 0Figure 21. Present arms.

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c. Order arms from present arms is a three-count movement. Execute the first count bysmartly grasping the rifle between the uppersling swivel and stacking swivel with your righthand (1, fig. 21), keeping your right elbow in atyour side. On the second count, lower the riflewith your hand, completing the second and thirdcounts as in order arms from port arms.

d. Port arms from present arms is executed inone count. Raise and twist the rifle with yourright hand, moving the muzzle to the left, andregrasp the rifle at the balance with your lefthand.

e. Present arms from port arms is executed inone count. Lower and twist the rifle with yourright hand, moving the rifle to a vertical position,and regrasp it at the balance with your left hand.

f. Movements to and from present arms, fromand to other positions in the manual (exceptorder arms), are executed by first going throughport arms.

44. Inspection Armsa. The command is INSPECTION, ARMS. Inspec-

tion arms is a four-count movement, and is exe-cuted only from the position of order arms. Onthe first two counts, come to port arms (1 and 2,fig. 18).

b. On the third count, release your left handfrom the balance, and with your fingers closed,palm in, forearm horizontal, place your leftthumb on the operating rod handle and push itsmartly to the rear of the rifle until it is caughtby the operating rod catch. At the same time,

59

lower your head and eyes enough to look into thereceiver (fig. 22). On the fourth count, havingfound the receiver empty or having emptied it,raise your head and eyes to the front and regraspthe rifle at the balance with your left hand.

C. PORT ARMS is the only command that maybe given from inspection arms. On the prepara-tory command, with your fingers extended andjoined, palm in, place the rear edge of your righthand against the operating rod handle and moveit slightly to the rear. Then depress the followerwith your right thumb and allow the bolt to moveforward slightly, overriding the rear portion ofthe follower. At the command ARMS, removeyour right thumb from the receiver, release theoperating rod handle, pull the trigger, andregrasp the small of the stock in the position ofport arms.

45. Rifle Salutea. This movement may be executed from order

(fig. 23), trail, right shoulder arms (fig. 24), orleft shoulder arms. For instructional purposes,the command RIFLE, SALUTE may be used. Therifle salute is a two-count movement.

b. When at order arms, on the first count,move your left arm across your body, and withyour forearm and wrist straight, fingers andthumb extended and joined, palm down, touch therifle with the first joint of your forefinger at apoint between the stacking swivel and the muzzle(fig. 23). If not in ranks, turn your head andeyes toward the person or color saluted. On thesecond count, cut your left hand smartly away to

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Figure 22. Third count of inspection arms.

61

your side and turn your head and eyes to thefront.

c. When saluting at trail arms, the movementsare identical with those for saluting at orderarms. However, hold the rifle in the trail armsposition.

d. At right shoulder arms, execute the move-ment by moving your left arm across your chestand touching the first joint of your forefinger tothe rear of the receiver. Hold your left elbow sothat the lower edge of your left forearm is hori-zontal. Hold your fingers, thumb, and wrist asdescribed in b above, with your palm down (fig.24). The second count of the rifle salute at rightshoulder arms is similar to the return from therifle salute at order arms.

e. At left shoulder arms, execute the movementby moving your right arm across your chest andtouching the first joint of your forefinger to therear of the receiver. Hold your right elbow sothat the lower edge of your right forearm is hori-zontal. Hold the fingers, thumb, and wrist asdescribed in b above, with your palm down as infigure 24. The second count of the rifle salute atleft shoulder arms is similar to the return fromthe rifle salute at right shoulder arms.

f. The next to the last count of right shoulderand order arms is not a rifle salute but is usedfor steadying the rifle.. The rifle salutes are exe-cuted with the palm of your hand down and theside of the first joint of your forefinger touchingthe rifle.

62

I

Figure 23. Rifle salute at order arms.

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Figure 24. Rifle salute at right shoulder armns.

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46. Sling and Unsling Arms

a. The command SLING, ARMS is given onlyfrom order arms. This movement is not executedin cadence. If the sling is not adjusted, at thecommand of execution, place the butt of the rifleon your right hip and cradle the rifle in the crookof your right arm. Adjust the sling with bothhands and then sling the rifle on your rightshoulder in the most convenient manner. Whenat sling arms, grasp the sling with your righthand, keep your right forearm horizontal, andhold the barrel of the rifle vertical (fig. 25). If thesling is already adjusted at the command ARMS,sling the rifle in the most convenient manner.

b. The command UNSLING, ARMS is given onlyat the sling arms position. At the command ofexecution, unsling the rifle and bring it to orderarms, steadying the rifle with your left hand.

c. Before precise movements of the manualmay be executed the command ADJUST, SLINGSis given. At the command SLINGS, tighten thesling from the position described in a above.

d. To salute while at sling arms, on the com-mand ARMS, of PRESENT, ARMS, grasp the slingwith your left hand to steady the rifle. Keep thepalm of your left hand to the rear and your fore-arm horizontal. At the same time release thethe sling with your right hand and execute thefirst count of hand salute, as in paragraph 22.At the command ARMS, of ORDER, ARMS, moveyour right hand and arm smartly to your sideand then resume the original position of slingarms.

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e. Execute parade rest and at ease while atsling arms in the manner prescribed for orderarms, but keep the rifle slung, held with yourright hand. When the command REST is given,you may unsling the rifle. At the preparatorycommand of SQUAD or PLATOON, take the positionof parade rest at sling arms.

47. Fix and Unfix Bayonetsa. The command FIX, BAYONETS is given at

order arms.b. At the command BAYONETS, when the

bayonet scabbard is on your belt, move the muzzleof the rifle to your left front and grasp the riflebelow the stacking swivel with your left hand.Then unfasten the snap on the scabbard andgrasp the bayonet with your right hand, as shownin figure 26. Draw the bayonet from the scab-bard. Glancing down, turn the point of the bayo-net upward and fix the bayonet on the muzzle.Then resume the position of order arms.

c. The command UNFIX, BAYONETS, is givenat order arms.

d. At the command BAYONETS, when thebayonet scabbard is on your belt, move the rifleto your left hand as when fixing bayonets.Glancing down, grasp the handle of the bayonetwith your right hand and press the bayonet catchspring with the inside of your forefinger. Raisethe bayonet vertically until the handle is abouta foot above the muzzle of the rifle. Then keep-ing your eyes on the bayonet point, drop the pointto the left, turning the back of your hand towardyour body and return the bayonet to its scabbard.

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Figure 25. Sling arm?,s.

67

I

Figure 26. Withdrawing or replacing the bayonet.

68

Resume the position of order arms and fasten thesnap on the bayonet scabbard with your lefthand.

e. When the bayonet is carried other than onthe belt, fix and unfix bayonets in the most con-venient manner upon receiving the commands.

f. The movements are not executed in cadence.

Section II. MANUAL OF ARMS FOR THEAUTOMATIC RIFLE

48. General

a. Except when otherwise prescribed, carrythe automatic rifle slung over your right shoulderin a position similar to that prescribed for therifle (fig. 25).

b. During marches and field exercises, whenleft shoulder arms is commanded to ease fatigue,change the automatic rifle to your left shoulderwithout cadence. Otherwise, remain at sling armsduring the manual of arms, except for inspectionarms when your unit is formed and dismissed.

c. When AT EASE is commanded, keep theautomatic rifle slung unless otherwise ordered.

d. When REST is commanded, you may unslingthe automatic rifle. When the preparatory com-mand SQUAD or PLATOON is given, sling the auto-matic rifle and come to parade rest.

e. When PARADE REST is commanded, keep theautomatic rifle at sling arms. Execute the posi-tion as with the rifle (par. 46e).

f. When armed with the automatic rifle, givethe hand salute as outlined in paragraph 46d.

69

Figure 27. Inspection arms with the automatic rifle.

70

49. Inspection Armsa. INSPECTION, ARMS is commanded when at

sling arms. At the command ARMS, grasp themagazine with your left hand and release it withyour right hand. Withdraw the magazine withyour left hand and place it in your belt, open anddown, the front of the magazine facing towardthe right. Pull back the operating handle withyour left hand to cock the piece and then slidethe operating handle forward. Regrasp the mag-azine and hold it in the palm of your left hand(fig. 27). Execute this only when your unit isformed or dismissed, unless otherwise ordered.

b. At the commands INSERT, MAGAZINE orPORT, ARMS, pull the trigger on the preparatorycommand. On the command of execution, replacethe magazine and resume the position of slingarms.

Section III. MANUAL OF ARMS FOR THE PISTOL

50. Generala. Pistol movements are not executed in

cadence.b. When armed with the pistol, remain at

attention during the manual of arms for the rifle.c. Execute all movements and positions, except

inspection arms, as without arms.51. Inspection Arms

When armed with the pistol, execute the follow-ing movements separately on the indicated com-mands, or in sequence when INSPECTION, ARMSis given when your unit is formed or dismissed(4, fig. 28).

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a. Raise Pistol. At the command RAISE,

PISTOL, unbotton the flap of the holster withyour right hand and grasp the stock, with theback of your hand outward. Draw the pistolfrom the holster. Bring your elbow to your sideand hold your upper arm vertical and forearm atan angle from the vertical so that your hand isas high as, and approximately 6 inches in frontof, your right shoulder. Hold the stock with yourthumb and last three fingers and extend yourforefinger outside and along the trigger guard.Point the muzzle outward and up at approxi-mately 300 from the vertical (1, fig. 28). If youare wearing a shoulder holster, at the commandRAISE, PISTOL, unbutton the flap or snap fast-ener, draw the pistol from the shoulder holster,and assume the position of raise pistol.

b. Withdraw Magazine. At the commandWITHDRAW, MAGAZINE, without lowering yourright hand, turn the barrel slightly to the right,press the magazine catch with your right tumb,and remove the magazine with your left hand (2,fig. 28). Place the magazine between your beltand outer garment, on your left side, with theopen end down, front to the right.

c. Open Chamber. At the command OPEN,

CHAMBER, without lowering your right hand,grasp the slide with your left thumb and first twofingers so that your thumb is on the left side ofthe slide and pointing downward. Keeping themuzzle elevated, shift the grip of your right handso that your right thumb engages the slide stop;push the slide fully to the rear, and engage the

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stop into its notch with your right thumb (3, fig.28). Resume the position of raise pistol, with theslide to the rear. Take the magazine out of yourbelt and hold it in your open hand at the heightof your belt with the open end of the magazineto the front and the front of the magazine to theleft. If the inspecting officer takes your pistolfor inspection, lower your right arm and handsmartly to your side as in the position of atten-tion. Raise your right arm and hand to the raisepistol position when the inspector is ready toreturn the pistol.

d. Close Chamber. After your pistol has beeninspected, or at the preparatory command ofCLOSE, CHAMBER or PORT, ARMS, press theslide stop down with your right thumb and letthe slide go forward. Pull the trigger and remainat raise pistol.

e. Insert Magazine. At the preparatory com-mand of INSERT, MAGAZINE, without loweringyour right hand, turn the barrel slightly to theright. Grasp the magazine with the first twofingers and thumb of your left hand and insertit in the pistol (2,' fig. 28). At the command ofexecution, press the magazine fully home andresume raise pistol (1, fig. 28).

52. Return Pistola. Execute this movement on the command

RETURN, PISTOL, or after inspection arms on thecommand ORDER (RIGHT SHOULDER), ARMS afterPORT, ARMS has been given.

b. On the command of execution, lower yourpistol to the holster, muzzle down, with the back

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0 0

Figure 28. Inspection arms with pistol.

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0 r0® ®Figure 28 - Continued.

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of your hand to the right. Then raise the flap ofthe holster with your right thumb, insert the muz-zle of the pistol into the holster and thrust ithome. Button the flap of the holster with yourright hand. When wearing a shoulder holster, atthe command RETURN, PISTOL, return the pistolto the holster and button the flap or snap fast-ener, directly from the position of raise pistol.

Section IV. MANUAL OF ARMS.FOR THE CARBINE

53. General

a. Except when otherwise prescribed, carry thecarbine slung over your right shoulder in a posi-tion similar to sling arms for the rifle (fig. 29).When armed with the carbine, remain at atten-tion during the manual of arms. Execute inspec-tion arms upon falling in and being dismissed.

b. During marches and field exercises, whenleft shoulder arms is commanded to ease fatigue,change the carbine to your left shoulder withoutcadence.

c. When AT EASE is commanded, keep thecarbine slung unless otherwise ordered.

d. When REST is given, you may unsling thecarbine. When the preparatory command SQUAD

or PLATOON is given, sling the carbine and cometo parade rest.

e. Execute parade rest with the carbine atsling arms, as outlined for the rifle.

f. When armed with the carbine, give the handsalute as prescribed in paragraph 46d.

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Figure 29. Sling arms with the carbine.

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0 0Figure 30. Inspection arms.

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Figure 30- Continued.

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54. Inspection Arms

a. INSPECTION, ARMS is commanded when atsling arms. At the command of execution, graspthe sling with your left hand above your right(1, fig. 30), and lift the carbine from your shoul-der. At the same time, withdraw your right armfrom between the carbine and the sling. Graspthe small of the stock with your right hand andbring the weapon across your body as in portarms with the rifle. Press the magazine lock tothe left with the forefinger of your right hand,and, at the same time, withdraw the magazinefrom the receiver with your left hand. Insert itbehind your belt in front of your left hip, withthe open end down, and the front of the magazineto the right (2, fig. 30). Assume the position ofport arms, which is similar to that for the rifle.With the forefinger of your right hand, pull theoperating slide all the way back and press downon the operating slide stop with your right thumb,locking the operating slide in its rear position.At the same time, lower your head and eyes toglance into the chamber (3, fig. 30). Havingfound the chamber empty or having emptied it,raise your head and eyes to the front and regraspthe small of the stock in the position of port arms.

b. Inspection arms with the carbine is not aprecision movement and is not executed as partof the manual of arms with the rifle, except whenyour unit is formed or dismissed.

c. At inspection arms, the only command isPORT, ARMS. At the preparatory command PORT,pull the operating slide to the rear with your

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right forefinger and release it without movingthe carbine. Pull the trigger and regrasp thesmall of the stock with your right hand. At thecommand ARMS, replace the magazine with yourleft hand without moving the carbine, and resumeport arms (4, fig. 30).

55. To Resume Sling Armsa. Execute SLING, ARMS on the commands

ORDER (RIGHT SHOULDER), ARMS after INSPEC-TION, ARMS and PORT, ARMS have been given.

b. At the command of execution, grasp thesling with your left hand, thrust your right armthrough the sling, and assume the position ofsling arms. This movement is not executed incadence.

Section V. MANUAL OF THE GUIDON

56. Generala. The guidon is a company (battery) identifi-

cation flag. It is carried at ceremonies and whenotherwise prescribed by the commander.

b. The guidon bearer is specially selected bythe company commander and receives specialinstruction in his duties. When armed with arifle or carbine, the bearer slings the weaponbehind his back, with the sling diagonally acrosshis chest and the muzzle up and to the left, unlessotherwise ordered.

c. To face with the guidon, raise the ferrule3 inches off the ground by bending your rightarm slightly. Execute this movement in a similarmanner to facing with a rifle at order arms, but

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Figure 31. Parade rest with the guidon.

Figure 31. Parade rest with the guidon.

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i

0 ;Figure 32. Salutes with the guidon.

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Figure 33. Order guidon.

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keep the staff in a vertical position throughoutthe movement.

d. Execute PRESENT, ARMS; PARADE, REST;AT EASE; STAND AT, EASE; and REST withthe unit.

e. When marching at route step or at ease, youmay hold the guidon in either hand at the carryposition.

f. Execute PARADE, REST (par. 38) by inclin-ing the staff of the guidon forward in the samemanner as with the rifle, keeping the ferrule inthe same position as in order guidon (fig. 31).

g. Execute AT EASE similarly to parade rest,except that you may slightly relax your rightarm.

h. When given REST, hold the guidon in eitherhand.

i. When not in formation, render the salutesimilarly to the rifle salute in paragraph 45 (1and 2, fig. 32).

57. Order GuidonWhen the troops are armed, execute order

guidon to the command ORDER, ARMS, from thecompany commander. With unarmed troops, exe-cute order guidon automatically on halting. Atorder guidon, keep the ferrule on the ground andtouching the outside of your right footgear,opposite the ball of your right foot. Hold thestaff in your right hand in the "V" formed byyour fingers extended and joined, and yourthumb. Keep your right hand and arm behindthe staff with your arm bent naturally. Rest thestaff against the hollow of your shoulder (fig.

as

33). The remainder of the position of orderguidon is the same as the position of attention.

58. Raise GuidonOn all preparatory commands to begin, during,

and to discontinue marching movements, andon the preparatory commands for COMPANY,

ATTENTION, PRESENT, ARMS, and EYES,RIGHT, raise the guidon to the raise guidon posi-tion by grasping the staff with your left hand,palm to the rear, at a point opposite your rightelbow. Raise the staff with your left hand to aposition approximately 6 inches off the ground.Keep your right hand in its original position andallow the staff to slide through it. Regrasp thestaff in its new position with your right hand, andat the same time, raise the staff with both handsuntil your right hand is as high as and in frontof your right shoulder. Retain your grasp withboth hands and keep your right elbow into yourside. Keep the staff vertical (fig. 34). Hold theguidon in this position until the command ofexecution is given.

59. Carry Guidona. To return to the carry guidon position from

the raise guidon position, lower the staff smartly,keeping it vertical, until your right arm is fullyextended. Return your left hand to your leftside. The ferrule. is now 6 inches off the groundand the staff is resting in the hollow of yourright shoulder. The right hand grasps the staffin the most convenient manner (fig. 35). Return

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to carry guidon at all commands of executionwhile in the march.

b. To return to order guidon, on the commandof execution follow the procedure as in a above,but let the staff slide through your right handuntil the ferrule touches the ground.

c. At double time, hold the guidon diagonallyacross your body. Grasp the staff with your righthand at the position used at the carry, with yourright forearm horizontal and your elbow nearyour body. Grasp the staff in your left handopposite the junction of your neck and leftshoulder.

60. Present Arms

a. At ARMS (of PRESENT, ARMS) or RIGHT(of EYES, RIGHT), lower the guidon smartly tothe front from the raise guidon position by low-ering your left arm to a diagonal position infront of your body. Rest the staff in your armpitand hold it horizontal. Keep your right forearmalong the right side of the staff, upper armvertical and into your body. The point of theferrule slightly protrudes behind your back. Atthe same time, move your left hand smartly awayto your side (fig. 36).

b. When passing in review, execute EYES,RIGHT as you present the guidon, and READY,FRONT as you bring the guidon back to carryguidon. On the command READY of READY,FRONT, regrasp the staff with your left handand execute raise guidon; on FRONT, return tocarry guidon.

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Figure 34. Raise guidon.

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I

J I

e

Figure 35. Carry guidon.

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Figure 36. Present guidon.

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CHAPTER 5

THE SQUAD

Section I. GENERAL

61. Generala. Training in individual movements and the

manual of arms is followed by dismounted drill.This training is progressive and includes threephases--quad, platoon, and company drill. Inthe first phase, you begin to play your part on ateam-the squad. In squad drill, you learn to doall the individual movements together with othermen.

b. When the squad leader is absent or givinginstruction to the squad, the second in commandtakes over the drill duties and assumes the nor-mal position of the squad leader. When the sec-ond in command is absent, the next seniormember of the squad acts as leader. When theseniority of different members is not known, menare designated by name as successive leaders,down to the last two men in the squad.

c. Individual members of a squad are numberedfrom right to left when in line, and from frontto rear when in column.

62. DefinitionsTo help understand the meaning of drill terms

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in this chapter, the following definitions areincluded:

a. Formation is the arrangement of the ele-ments of a command in any prescribed manner.

b. Flank is the right or left side of any forma-tion as sensed from an element of that formation.

c. Base is the element on which a movementis planned or regulated.

d. Column is a formation in which the elementsof a command (other than a platoon) are onebehind the other.

e. Front is the space from side to side of aformation, including the right and left elements(fig. 37).

f. File is a column which has a front of onlyone element.

g. Head is the leading element of a column.h. Line is a formation in which the elements of

a command (other than a platoon) are side byside, or abreast of each other. Two or more ele-ments constitute a line.

i. Depth is the space from front to rear of aformation, including the front and rear elements(fig. 37).

j. Rank is a line which is only one element indepth.

k. Interval is the lateral space between ele-ments. Normal interval between men is measuredfrom right to left by the man on the right holdinghis left arm and hand shoulder high, fullyextended, with the tip of his middle finger touch-ing the right shoulder of the man on his left.Close interval between men is measured from

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right to left by the man on the right placing theheel of his left hand on his left hip, fingers joinedand extended downward, and his elbow in linewith his body and touching the arm of the manon his left (fig. 37).

1. Distance is the space between elements. incolumn. Normal distance for men is the spacefrom the back of a man to the chest of the manimmediately to his rear when they have formedin line, obtained normal interval, and faced to theright or left (fig. 37).

Figure 37. Distance, interval, front, and depth.

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*-eII i'iINTERVAL v

LINE (RANK)

COLUMN FILSTANCE

COLUMN (FILE)

C 000

COLUMN OF TWOS

0SQUAD LEADER E2 ASSISTANT SQUAD LEADER

IRIFLEMAN DIRECTION TROOPS AREFACING

Figure 38. Squad formations.

m. Cover is alining yourself directly behind theman to your immediate front while. maintainingproper distance.

n. Measurements of an individual normally are12 inches in depth and 22 inches in width.

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63. FormationsThe squad has two prescribed formations, a

line and a column.a. The line formation is a rank with the squad

leader on the right and the assistant squad leaderon the left (1, fig. 38).

b. The column formation is a file (2, fig. 38)or a column of two's (3, fig. 38). The squad leaderis normally the head of the file, or the head ofone of the files; and the assistant squad leaderis the rear element; or the rear element of one ofthe two files.

c. The squad normally forms in line.d. The squad normally marches in column, but

it may march in line for short distances only.

Section II. SQUAD DRILL

64. To Form the Squada. To form at normal interval (1 and 2, fig.

39), the command is FALL IN.b. The members of the squad fall in to the left

of the squad leader, who raises his left armshoulder high in line with his body, fingersextended and joined, palm down. All other menplace themselves so that their right shoulderstouch the fingertips of the men on their right,and turn their head and eyes to the right. Allmen except the left flank man raise their leftarm in the manner described for the squad leader.The sguad leader keeps his head and eyes to thefront, and the left flank man holds his left armas at attention (1, fig. 39). Each man alineshimself to the right on the squad leader and

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turns his head and eyes to the front. When heis in line with the men on his right, and hasobtained normal interval by touching the man onhis left with his fingertips, he drops his left armto his side quietly (2, fig. 39).

c. To form at close interval (1 and 2, fig. 40),the command is AT CLOSE INTERVAL, FALL IN.The formation is completed similarly to normalinterval, except that close interval is obtained asdescribed in paragraph 62k.

d. When armed, the men fall in at the order.Weapons are inspected after falling in by thecommands INSPECTION, ARMS; PORT, ARMS; andORDER, ARMS.

e. When the squad is drilling as a separateunit, the assistant squad leader takes the position

Figure 39. Normal interval.

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of the squad leader. The squad leader takes apost three steps in front of and centered on thesquad when it is in a line formation, or threesteps to the left and centered on the squad whenit is in column.

65. To Dismiss the SquadThe squad is dismissed only from a line forma-

tion with the men at attention.a. With armed troops, the commands are

INSPECTION, ARMS; PORT, ARMS: DISMISSED.b. With unarmed troops, the command is

DISMISSED.

66. To Aline the Squada. When the squad is in line, the commands are

DRESS RIGHT. DRESS, or AT CLOSE INTERVAL DRESS

-

Figure 39 - Continued.

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Figure 40. Close interval.

RIGHT, DRESS; READY, FRONT. These commandsare given only when the squad is at approxi-mately the same interval as the interval at whichthe dress is commanded, and when the men are atsling arms or order arms. At the commandDRESS, each men except the right flank manturns his head and eyes to the right and alineshimself to the right. Each man except the leftflank man extends his left arm (or if at closeinterval, places his left hand on his hip), andeach man positions himself by short side steps

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Figure 40- Continued.

until his right shoulder touches the finger-tips ofthe man on his right (or right arm touches theelbow of the man on his right). At the commandDRESS LEFT, DRESS, all men except the left flankman turn their heads and eyes to the left andaline themselves to the left. The left arm is usedto obtain interval when dressing to either flank.

b. The instructor places himself on line withthe squad, one step from the man on the flanktoward which the dress is made, and faces down

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the line. From this position he verifies the aline-ment of the squad, ordering men to move forwardor backward as necessary, calling them by nameor. number. The instructor remains at attention,taking short side steps to the right or left asnecessary to see down the squad. He does notuse his arms or twist his body. Having checkedthe alinement, the instructor faces to the right(or left) in marching and moves 3 steps forward,halts, faces down the squad, and commandsREADY, FRONT. At the command FRONT, themen drop their arms quietly to their sides andturn their heads and eyes smartly to the front.The instructor then marches to his front until heis centered on the squad, halts, and faces thesquad.

c. To dress the squad while in column the com-mand is COVER. At this command, each mancovers the man in front of him and obtains thenormal distance.

67. To Change Interval While in Linea. To obtain close interval from normal inter-

val, the command is CLOSE, MARCH. At the com-mand of execution, the right flank man standsfast. All men to his left, face to the right inmarching from the halt, march forward untilthey have obtained the approximate close inter-val, halt, and face to the left. The squad thenforms at close interval without command asexplained in paragraph 64c.

b. To obtain normal interval from close inter-val the command is EXTEND, MARCH. At thecommand MARCH, all men except the right flank

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face to the left in marching, march forward untilapproximate normal interval is obtained, halt,and face to the right. The squad then forms atnormal interval without command as explainedin paragraph 64b.

c. To obtain double-arm interval from eitherclose or normal interval, the command is TAKEINTERVAL, MARCH. This movement is executedas when extending, except that the double-arminterval is obtained by each man raising botharms and touching the fingertips of the man onhis right. Drop your right arm when the inter-val has been obtained; your left arm when theman on the left drops his right arm. Turn yourhead and eyes to the front as you drop your rightarm. With armed troops, SLING ARMS is givenbefore commanding this movement.

d. To obtain normal interval from double-arminterval, the command is ASSEMBLE, MARCH.Execute this movement similarly to CLOSEMARCH, but form at normal interval.

68. To March the Squad From a Linea. At normal interval, the commands are RIGHT

(LEFT), FACE; FORWARD, MARCH. These move-ments are executed as explained in the school ofthe soldier without arms.

b. When at close interval, the squad is extendedto normal interval before being faced andmarched off.

69. To Change the Direction of a Columna. The command is COLUMN RIGHT (COLUIMN

LEFT, COLUMN HALF RIGHT, COLUMN HALF LEFT),

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MARCH. When marching, the preparatory com-mand and command of execution for each move-ment are given so they end on the foot in thedirection of the turn; COLUMN RIGHT, MARCHand COLUMN HALF RIGHT, MARCH are given asthe right foot strikes the ground and COLUMNLEFT, MARCH and COLUMN HALF LEFT, MARCHas the left foot strikes the ground. The intervalbetween the preparatory command and the com-mand of execution is one step. At the commandMARCH, the leading man executes a face inmarching from the march. All other men executethe same movement in succession on approxi-mately the same point.

b. From a halt, at the command COLUMN RIGHTor COLUMN HALF RIGHT, MARCH, the leadingman takes a 30-inch step to the front with hisleft foot, turns to the right on the ball of his leftfoot, and steps off in the indicated direction,taking a full step with his right foot. All othermen march forward and turn in the same manneron approximately the same ground as the leadingman, following in column until another commandis given. On the command COLUMN LEFT (HALF

LEFT), MARCH from a halt, the leading manfaces to the left in marching, pivoting on the ballof his right foot at the same time stepping off inthe new direction with a full step with his leftfoot. All other men follow the procedure in aabove.

c. While marching, the command INCLINETO THE RIGHT (LEFT) is given for slightchanges of direction. The leading man changes

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direction as commanded. All other men turn inthe same way as they come to the point on whichthe leading man turned. This is not a precisionmovement.

70. March to the FlankWhen it is desired to move a unit to the flank

for a short distance while marching, the com-mands are RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK, MARCH. Thepreparatory command and the command of exe-cution end when the foot in the indicated direc-tion of march strikes the ground. The intervalbetween the preparatory command and the com-mand of execution is one step. At the commandMARCH, each man takes one more step, turns inthe indicated direction of march on the ball ofhis leading foot, and steps off in the new direc-tion with his trailing foot. This movement isused to march a unit to the right or left for ashort distance and is not executed from the halt.

71. To Count Offa. When in line, the command is COUNT, OFF.

At the command of execution, all men except theman on the right flank turn their heads and eyesto the right and the right flank man calls offONE. After the man on the right calls out hisnumber, the man to his left calls out the nexthigher number, at the same time turning his headand eyes to the front. The numbers are countedin the cadence of quick time from man to man.All movements are made in a precise manner.

b. In column, the command is COUNT, OFF.Each man, starting with the leading man, turns

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his head to the right and calls out his numbersharply over his right shoulder. He then turnshis head back to the front. The last man in col-umn keeps his head and eyes to the front.

c. For drill purposes, counting off is executedonly from right to left in line and from front torear in column.

72. To Stack Arms

a. The members of the squad stack arms fromtheir positions in line at normal interval, on thecommand STACK, ARMS. After the squad countsoff, the commander designates the stackmen bynumber before commanding STACK, ARMS. Onlythose riflemen with other riflemen on each sideof them can be designated as stackmen.

b. At the command ARMS, the man on the leftof the stackman bends his knees slightly as insquatting to regrasp his rifle at the balance withhis right hand. He then raises the rifle verticallyand passes it to the stackman, who grasps it withhis left hand at the upper hand guard (1, fig. 41).

c. The stackman places the butt of the left riflebetween his feet, with the barrel to the front,muzzle outward, and with the thumb and fore-finger of his left hand raises the stacking swivel.He then swings the butt of his own rifle 2 feet infront and 6 inches to the right of his right toe(2, fig. 41). At the same time he shifts his righthand to his stacking swivel and engages it withthat of the left rifle. The stackman's rifle is onthe right.

d. The man on the right of the stackman stepsto the left front with his left foot, keeping his

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right foot in place. At the same time he bendsto the left front, slides his left hand up to manipu-late the stacking swivel, grasps the small of thestock with his right hand, and engages the stack-ing swivel with the free hook of the swivel onthe stackman's left rifle (3, fig. 41). He rotatesthe rifle outward so that the barrel rests in theangle formed by the other two rifles and abovethe bayonet stud on the left rifle (5, fig. 41). Hepulls the butt toward him until the stack is tightand the butt is in line with the butt of the riflebetween the stackman's feet. He then lowersthe butt to the ground and resumes the positionof attention (4, fig. 41).

e. Other rifles, carbines, or automatic rifles arepassed to the nearest stack on the right. Whenpassing extra rifles to the stack, grasp the upperhand guard with your right hand and, holding therifle vertical, fully extend your arm toward theman on your right (1, fig. 41). When he hasgrasped the rifle at the balance with his left hand,release your right hand and resume the positionof attention. When you have received a rifle fromthe man on your left, keep it vertical and move.it in front of you, with your left hand at the bal-ance; grasp the upper hand guard with your righthand and, if you are not the stackman, pass it toyour right as described above. If you are thestackman, lay the rifles on the stack, triggerguards outward, at a sufficient angle from thevertical to keep them in place.

73. To Take Armsa. The squad, in position in line behind the

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Figure 41. Stack arms.

stacks, takes arms at the command TAKE, ARMS.b. At the command ARMS, the stackman passes

each extra rifle toward its bearer. The rifles areheld in the manner described for passing them tothe stack (left hands at the balance; right handsat the upper hand guard). When the weapons arereceived, their bearers resume the position of or-der arms.

c. When the extra rifles have been passed, thestackman grasps his rifle and the rifle of the manon his left. The man on the right of the stack-man steps to the left front as in stacking, secureshis rifle, and resumes the position of order arms.

d. The stackman then disengages the two re-maining rifles, slides his left hand to the balance

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Figure 41 - Continued.

of the left rifle and passes it to the left. The manon his left grasps it at the upper hand guard withhis right hand and lowers the rifle to the ground,resuming order arms. The stackman resumes or-der arms after the rifle is received by the man onhis left.

e. Each man comes to order arms, unless armedwith the automatic rifle or carbine, by guidingand steadying the piece with his left hand as inthe next to the last count of order arms.

74. To Form a Column of Two's From a Filea. When at a halt and in file, the command is

COLUMN OF TWO'S TO THE LEFT (RIGHT), MARCH.b. At the command MARCH, the leading man

stands fast. Each even-numbered man (counting

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Figure 41 - Continued.

from front to rear) faces to the half left in mach-ing, takes one more step and faces to the halfright in marching and moves up until abreast ofand at normal interval from the odd-numberedman who was in front of him. Each odd-numbered man marches forward and halts as hereaches normal distance from the odd-numberedman in front of him. All men required to move,do so simultaneously.

75. To Form a File From a Column of Two's

a. When in a column of two's at a halt, thecommand is FILE FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT),

MARCH, the file being taken from the side onwhich the-squad leader is located.

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Figure 41 - Continued.

b. At the command MARCH, the number 1 and2 men step off simultaneously. The number 1man moves to the front while the number 2 manfaces to the half right in marching, takes onemore step, faces to the half left in marching, andfollows the number 1 man at normal distance.When the number 1 and 2 men step off, the re-maining men stand fast for 2 counts and thenstep off in pairs as follows: numbers 3 and 4step off on the third count, numbers 5 and 6 onthe fifth count, numbers 7 and 8 on the seventhcount, and number 9 on the ninth count. As eachsucceeding pair steps off, they execute the facingsin marching as prescribed for numbers 1 and 2above.

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Figure 41 - Continued.

c. This movement is executed only from thehalt and should be taught by the numbers.

76. To March to the Obliquea. To march to the oblique, when marching in

a column formation, the command is RIGHT(LEFT) OBLIQUE, MARCH. The word "oblique"is pronounced to rhyme with strike.

b. When teaching marching to the oblique, theinstructor first alines the unit and has each manexecute a half right (left) face. The instructorpoints out each man's position and explains thateach man is to maintain this position while

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marching by keeping his shoulders parallel to theman in front (fig. 42).

c. At the command of execution, MARCH,given on the foot in the direction of turn, eachman takes one more step in the forward direction,faces to the half right (left) in marching, andsteps off with the trailing foot and continues themarch in a direction of 45 ° to the right (left) ofthe original direction of march.

d. The command FORWARD, MARCH is givento resume the original direction of march frommarching in the oblique. At the commandMARCH, take one more full step in the obliquedirection, plant the leading foot and face to thehalf lift (right) in marching, and continue tomarch to the original front.

e. The command HALT is given on the leftfoot when halting from the right oblique, and onthe right foot when halting from the left oblique.At the command HALT (executed in two counts),advance and plant your trailing foot and, at thesame time, turn toward the original front (countof one). Bring your trailing foot alongside yourleading foot (count of two), and halt facing tothe original front.

f. The command IN PLACE, HALT is given aseither foot strikes the ground to halt the unit.inthe oblique temporarily for the correction of er-rors. At the command HALT, each man halts intwo counts as in quick time but remains facingin the oblique direction. The only command thatcan be given after halting in place is RESUME,

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NEW DIRECTIONOF MARCH

ORIGINAL DIRECTIONOF MARCH

I \ I

I I

r -a<

I \

Figure 42. Right oblique.

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MARCH. At this command, the movement againcontinues only in the oblique direction.

g. When marching in the oblique, half step ormark time may be executed by giving the proper-commands. The only commands that may be givenwhile marching in the oblique at mark time orhalf step are RESUME, MARCH or IN PLACE,HALT. These movements would be executed asdescribed in f above.

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CHAPTER 6

THE PLATOON

Section I. GENERAL

77. Generala. Upon completion of the first phase of dis-

mounted drill, your squad is merged with othersquads into a platoon where you learn other move-ments.

b. The platoon consists of a platoon headquar-ters and two or more sections or squads. The pla-toon headquarters consists of a platoon leader andone or more assistants.

c. A section normally forms and drills as partof a platoon. In this manual, the instructionsgiven for the squad or platoon are also applicableto a section. A section, not subdivided into squads,is formed and executes its movements in the samemanner as a squad. A section composed of twoor more squads drills as a platoon.

d. The elements (squads) of a platoon are num-bered from front to rear when in line, and fromleft to right when the platoon is in column.

78. DefinitionsTo help understand the meaning of certain drill

terms in this chapter, the following definitionsare given:

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a. Platoon base for a platoon in column is thesquad behind the platoon guide. Usually it is thesquad on the right of the platoon.

b. Guide is the man responsible for maintain-ing the prescribed direction and rate of marchfor the platoon. When the platoon is in line atthe halt, the guide's position is always on theright flank of the platoon and at normal intervalto the right of the first squad leader. The guidedoes not change his position when the platoon ismarched for short distances in a line formation.When the platoon is in a column formation, theguide's position is normally in front of the rightsquad leader, at normal distance. For a platoon,the guide is the assistant platoon sergeant.

c. Platoon line is a formation in which the ele-ments (squads) are in line and one behind theother (1, fig. 43).

d. Platoon Column is a formation in which theelements (squads) of a platoon are in column andabreast of each other (2, fig. 43).

e. Post is the correct place for an officer ornoncommissioned officer to stand in a prescribedformation.

79. Rules for the Guide

a. Unless otherwise announced, the guide of aunit is always on the right. When it is desiredto change the base for a movement, the new posi-tion of the guide is assigned preceding the pre-paratory command for the movement.

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(~ O 1 O 0O OI0 F O E1III I I000I 00 LEE

6 STEPS

0RIFLE PLATOON IN LUNE

00000000EB

RPLFLE PLATOONINCOLUMN

$ PLATOON LEADER

[3 PLATOON SERGEANT ~ MESSENGER

ASSISTANT PLATOON SERGEANT ATTACHEDPERSONNEL

Figure 43. Platoon formations.

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b. When in column and it is desired to guideleft, the command GUIDE LEFT is given. Atthis command, the guide and the platoon leaderexchange positions by passing each other rightshoulder to right shoulder. To return the guideto his normal position, GUIDE RIGHT is given.The guide and the platoon leader return to theirnormal positions by again passing right shoulderto right shoulder. This movement may be madeeither at a halt or while marching.

c. When a platoon in line is given the commandRIGHT, FACE, the guide executes right face withthe platoon. Then he immediately faces to theright in marching, marches to a position in frontof the right squad leader, halts, and executes leftface.

d. When a platoon in column is given the com-mand FILE FROM THE LEFT, MARCH, on the pre-paratory command the guide takes his positionin front of the left file so that he is at the headof the column.

e. When a platoon in column is given the com-mand COLUMN OF TWO'S FROM THE LEFT, MARCH,on the preparatory command, the guide takes hisposition in front of the second file from the left sothat he is at the head of the right file of the col-umn that is to move out.

f. When re-forming in a column of threes orfours from a file or column of twos, the guideposts himself in his normal position when themovement is completed.

g. The guide is responsible for setting thedirection of march by inclining to the right or

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left when necessary, and for setting the propercadence. The leading man of each file is responsi-ble for the interval.

h. When a platoon is marching in column andthe command to march by a flank or to the rearis given, the guide executes the movement withthe platoon but does not change his positionwithin the platoon.

80. FormationsThe platoon has two prescribed formations: a

column and a line.a. The platoon normally forms in line with the

squad leaders on the right of their squads andthe guide on the right of the first squad leader(1, fig. 43). The platoon sergeant normally formsthe platoon from his post three steps in front ofand centered on the platoon. In line, with theplatoon leader in command, the platoon sergeant'spost is to the left of the left man in the rearrank, at the prescribed interval. The platoonleader's post is six steps to the front of andcentered on the platoon. When marching in line,the guide and squad leaders are normally onthe right. The platoon marches in line for shortdistances only.

b. The column formation is a file or a columnof twos, threes, or fours abreast (2, fig. 43). Theplatoon leader is in front of the left file, the pla-toon sergeant at the rear of the right file, andthe guide in front of the right file, all at normaldistances. When the platoon is drilling as aseparate unit, the platoon leader may be threesteps to the left and centered on the left flank of

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the platoon. The platoon normally marches incolumn with the guide and squad leaders at thehead.

Section II. PLATOON DRILL

81. To Form the Platoon

a. The platoon is usually formed at normalinterval by the platoon sergeant with the com-mand, FALL IN.

b. At this command, the guide posts himselfso that the first rank, when dressed on him, willbe centered on and three 30-inch steps from theplatoon sergeant. The squad leader of the firstsquad falls in at normal interval to the left ofthe guide. Other squad leaders cover the firstsquad leader at normal distances. The membersof the squads fall in on their squad leaders asprescribed in squad drill, except that exact inter-val is taken only by the first squad. Men in therear squads take approximate interval only, eachman covering the corresponding man in the frontrank. Messengers and attached personnel fall inat the left of the squads to even the length of theranks without disrupting the organization of thesquads.

c. When the platoon is formed, the platoonsergeant commands INSPECTION, ARMS; PORT,ARMS; ORDER, ARMS. On his next command,REPORT, the squad leaders, in succession fromfront to rear, salute and report, "All present," or"Private ....... and Corporal ....... absent."They execute the rifle salute at order arms andhold the salute until a rifle salute at right shoul-

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der is returned by the platoon sergeant at thecompletion of the report. The platoon sergeantthen faces about and reports to the platoon leader,"All present," "All present or accounted for" or"(so many) men absent." The platoon leader andplatoon sergeant exchange salutes, the platoonleader executing the hand- salute. The platoonsergeant then faces about, faces to the half rightin marching, and takes his post to the left of theleft flank man in the rear squad. He marches tohis post in the most direct manner.

d. To form at close interval, the command'isAT CLOSE INTERVAL, FALL IN. The formation isexecuted as above, except that close interval isobtained as described in paragraph 62k above.

82. Squad Drill Applicable to Platoon DrillThe following movements are executed as in

squad drill, with the exceptions and additionsgiven with each:

a. The platoon is normally dismissed by theplatoon sergeant in the same manner as thesquad.

b. The platoon changes interval while in lineand counts off in the same manner as the squadwith the squad leaders as base for these move-ments. When there are two-or more ranks, themen in rear of the first rank cover the corre-sponding man in the front rank in executingthese movements. When there is only one rank,the first (or right) squad leader is base. Theguide moves to the right when interval is takento the left, and does not count off.

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c. The platoon marches from a line in the samemanner as a squad, the guide taking his post asdescribed in rules for the guide (par. 79).

d. After first opening ranks, the platoon stacksarms by squads. The guide passes his rifle towardthe nearest stack to his left, holding the rifle atthe balance with his left hand as in taking arms(par. 73).

e. The platoon executes flank movements in amanner similar to that described for the squad,except when the platoon is at close intervalbetween files. In this case, after executing themovement, the rear ranks take up the half stepuntil normal distance is obtained. When againmarched to the original front, the platoon main-tains normal interval until closed by command.

f. When in line, the platoon is alined similarlyto the squad, with the platoon leader verifyingthe alinement. Men in rear of the front rankglance out of the corner of their eyes, takeapproximate interval, and cover. The squadleader of the first squad momentarily glances tothe right to aline himself on the guide, and thenturns his head and eyes back to the front. Theguide raises his left arm during alining. Othersquad leaders obtain normal distance. Whenverifying the alinement, the platoon leader movesfrom rank to rank by facing in marching from ahalt, and moves in a straight line one step fromthe right flank as determined by the guide.

g. To dress the platoon while in column, thecommand is COVER. The base squad leaderobtains normal distance from the guide. The

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remaining squad leaders obtain the proper inter-val from the base squad leader and aline on him.All other men in the base squad execute the move-ment as in squad drill. At the same time theremaining men of the platoon aline on the basesquad and cover their squad leaders.

83. To Open and Close Ranksa. When in line, the platoon opens ranks for

stacking arms or other purposes, at the commandOPEN RANKS, MARCH. At the command MARCH,the front rank takes two steps forward, the sec-ond rank takes one step, and the third rankstands fast. Each rank executes dress right onhalting. If there are more than three ranks,the fourth rank takes two steps backward, thefifth rank takes four steps backward and thesixth rank takes six steps backward. The platoonleader verifies the alinement as described inparagraph 82.

b. To close ranks, the command is CLOSE

RANKS, MARCH. At the command MARCH, thefront ranks stand fast. The second, third, andsucceeding ranks take one, two, three or moresteps forward respectively, and maintain coverand alinement.

84. To Change Interval While in Columna. When in column at normal interval, at a

halt or in march at quick time, to obtain closeinterval between files the command is CLOSE,

MARCH.b. At the halt, on'the command MARCH, the

base squad stands fast. The other squads obtain

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close interval by taking 2, 4, and 6 side stepsrespectively, and cover their squad leaders.

c. When marching, the command CLOSE,

MARCH is given on the right foot when the basesquad is on the right and on the left foot when thebase is on the left. (When the base squad is cen-ter, the command CLOSE, MARCH may be givenon either foot.) At the command MARCH, thebase squad takes up the half step. Other menface from the line of march to the half right orhalf left and march until close interval isobtained. Then they face to the front in march-ing from the line of march and take up the halfstep when abreast of the corresponding memberof the base squad. At the command FORWARD,

MARCH, all squads resume the 30-inch step.d. To obtain normal interval between files,

when the platoon is in column at close interval,at a halt or in march at quick time, the commandis EXTEND, MARCH. This movement is executedsimilarly to close march, but in the oppositedirection.

85. To Change the Direction of a Column

a. To change the direction of a column, thecommand is COLUMN RIGHT (COLUMN LEFT, COL-

UMN HALF RIGHT, or COLUMN HALF LEFT),

MARCH, given at the halt or while marchingin column. The base element during the turn isthe squad on the flank in the direction of the turn.The pivot man for this movement is the first manin the base squad exclusive of the platoon leadersor the platoon guide.

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b. The base squad executes this movement asin squad drill, except that each man takes up thehalf step after executing the face in marchinguntil the corresponding men in the other squadscome abreast.

c. All other squads execute two column halfrights (lefts); the first half column movement ismade at the line where the first rank executesthe turn; the second, upon reaching a line run-ning through the base squad's pivot, and parallelwith the new front. Men in squads other thanthe base take up the half step as they comeabreast of the corresponding man in the basesquad. When all the men in a rank are abreast,they step off with the 30-inch step withoutcommand.

d. The command INCLINE TO THE RIGHT(or LEFT) is given for slight changes in direc-tion. This is not a precise movement. Aftercompleting the turn, the base squad leader coversthe guide and the platoon dresses and covers onthe base squad. The base is normal and notchanged by the direction of turn.

86. To Form a File and Re-Form From a Halta. When the- platoon is in column of two or

more files at a halt, it forms a single file at thecommand FILE FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT), MARCH.

b. On the preparatory command, FILE FROMTHE RIGHT (LEFT), the guide positions himself infront of the file that is to lead off. The platoonsergeant positions himself so as to be in the rearof the rear squad. The squad leader of the leadfile gives the supplementary command FORWARD,

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and the other squad leaders command STANDFAST.

c. On the command of execution, the leadingsquad marches forward. The squad leaderimmediately to the left (right) of the base squadcommands COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT), MARCHand after starting the movement, inclines to theleft (right) without command, following the lineof march of the preceding squad. The remainingsquad leaders command COLUMN HALF RIGHT

(LEFT), MARCH, and COLUMN HALF LEFT

(RIGHT), MARCH so as to follow the precedingsquads at normal distance. The squad leadersgive their commands of execution to set theirsquads in march when the right foot of the march-ing squad strikes the ground. The squad leadersglance over their shoulders to see when the firsthalf column movement should be given.

d. A full column movement may be executedand a file formed from a column formation by thecommand FILE FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT), COLUMN

RIGHT (LEFT), MARCH. The squad leader of thesquad leading the movement gives COLUMN RIGHT

(LEFT) instead of FORWARD after the prepara-tory command, and the other squad leadersgive STAND FAST. The remaining squadleaders command COLUMN RIGHT (COLUMN LEFT),

MARCH as the last man in the preceding squadreaches the pivot point.

e. When in a file at a halt, to re-form in theoriginal column, the command is COLUMN OF

TWOS (THREES, or FOURS) TO THE LEFT (RIGHT),

MARCH.

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f. On the preparatory command, the squadleader of the base (leading) squad commandsSTAND FAST. All other squad leaders com-mand, COLUMN HALF LEFT (RIGHT).

g. At the command MARCH, the base (lead-ing) squad stands fast. All other squads executethe-COLUMN- HALF LEFT (RIGHT) movement simul-taneously. The squad leaders then cause theirsquads to re-form with normal interval betweenfiles by the command COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT),MARCH and SQUAD, HALT, so as to bring theirsquads abreast of the base (leading) squad.

87. To Form a Column of Twos From Threesand Re-Form From a Halt

a. To form a column of twos from a columnof threes at a halt, the command is COLUMN OFTWOS FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT), MARCH.

b. On the preparatory command, the squadleaders of the two squads which are to move outcommand FORWARD. The other squad leader com-mands COLUMN OF TWOS TO THE LEFT (RIGHT).The guide posts himself in front of the right fileof the two squads which are to move out. Theplatoon sergeant takes his place to the rear ofthe squad which is to be re-formed in a columnof twos.

c. On the command MARCH, the two squadsdesignated move out. The third squad forms acolumn of twos as explained in squad drill (par.74), and follows the other two squads at normaldistance by half column movements commandedby the squad leader.

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d. A full column movement may be executedwhile forming the column of twos in the samemanner as described for forming a file (par. 86).

e. When in a column of twos at a halt, tore-form the original column of threes, the com-mand is COLUMN OF THREES TO THE LEFT (RIGHT),MARCH.

f. On the preparatory command, the two lead-ing squad leaders command STAND FAST. Theother squad leader commands, FILE FROM THE

RIGHT' (LEFT), COLUMN HALF LEFT (RIGHT).

g. On the command MARCH, the two leadingsquads stand fast. The rear squad forms a fileas described in squad drill and executes columnhalf left at the same time. The squad leader givesCOLUMN HALF RIGHT (HALF LEFT), MARCH, ashe reaches a point at normal interval to the leftof the other two squads, and halts his squad sothat he stops abreast of the other squad leaders.

88. To Form a Column of Twos From a Columnof Fours and Re-Form From a HALT

a. When in a column of fours at a halt, to forma column of twos, the command is COLUMN OF

TWOS FROM THE RIGHT (LEFT), MARCH.b. On the preparatory command, the squad

leaders of the two squads which are to move outfirst command FORWARD. The other two squadleaders command STAND FAST. The guide posi-tions himself in front of the right squad of thetwo squads which are to move out. The platoonsergeant positions himself to the rear of theright rear squad of the squads which stand fast.

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c. On the command of execution, the two rightsquads march forward. The other two squadsmove into the column of twos at normal intervalat the commands COLUMN HALF RIGHT (HALFLEFT) MARCH, COLUMN HALF LEFT (HALFRIGHT), MARCH, given by the squad leader nextto the two moving squads.

d. A full column movement may be executedwhile forming the column of twos from a columnof fours in the same manner as prescribed inparagraph 86.

e. When in a column of twos at a halt, tore-form in the original column of fours, the com-mand is COLUMN OF FOURS TO THE LEFT (RIGHT),MARCH.

f. On the preparatory command, the two lead-ing squad leaders command STAND FAST. Thetwo rear squad leaders command COLUMN HALFLEFT (RIGHT).

g. On MARCH, the two leading squads standfast. The two rear squads execute a half columnmovement and move abreast of the other twosquads and at normal interval from them by thecommands COLUMN HALF RIGHT (LEFT) MARCH,and SQUAD, HALT, given by the squad leadernearest the other two squads.

89. To Form for Shelter Tents and Re-Form

a. Shelter tents are pitched in line and in for-mation only for purposes of instruction and forformal field inspections or the display of equip-ment. Normally, in bivouac, full use is made ofavailable cover and concealment, and straightlines are avoided.

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b. The platoon is formed for pitching sheltertents in one line. Squad lines may be used whenonly a small space is available.

c. When the men are armed with rifles, therifles are slung before forming for shelter tents.

d. When the platoon is in line, form it in onerank for pitching shelter tents by commandingFORM FOR SHELTER TENTS, MARCH.

e. At the command FORM FOR SHELTER TENTS,

the platoon sergeant moves at double time, behindthe platoon to a position on the right of the guide,the guide being on the right of the right man ofthe front ranks. The messengers take positionon the left of the left man of the rear rank.

f. At the command MARCH, the first squadtakes two steps forward and halts. All othersquads face to the left in marching and continuemarching in quick time. Squad leaders move theirsquads into line, abreast of the squads alreadyon the line by giving the commands RIGHT FLANK,

MARCH; SQUAD, HALT. Squad leaders may usetheir squad number preceding the preparatorycommands.

g. At the commands TAKE INTERVAL,MARCH, and COUNT, OFF, given by the platoonleader, the entire rank executes these move-ments as previously described. The base forthese movements is the squad leader of thefirst (right) squad. The platoon sergeant andguide take interval to the right and do not count.The platoon sergeant is regarded as an odd-

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numbered man, the guide as an even-numberedman.

h. On the platoon leader's command, MARKFRONT TENT POLE, the odd numbers drawtheir bayonet with their left hand and thrust itinto the ground, ring to the front, beside the out-side of their left heel at the instep. The bayonetmarks the left edge of the tent pole. Men notequipped with bayonets mark the place with leftedge of their left heel. Odd-numbered men pitchtents with the even-numbered men to their left(Nos. 1 and 2; Nos. 3 and 4; etc.).

i. To assemble, the commands are ASSEMBLE,

MARCH; RIGHT, FACE; COLUMN OF TWOS(THREES, or FOURS) TO THE RIGHT, MARCH.These movements are executed as previouslydescribed. The platoon sergeant and messengersresume their normal posts as soon as the platoonis re-formed in column. For the method of pitch-ing shelter tents and displaying equipment, seeFM 21-15.

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CHAPTER 7THE COMPANY

Section I. GENERAL

90. General

a. The training received in the first (squad)and second (platoon) drill phases is combinedinto the third phase-company drill.

b. The company participates as a drill unitonly in formations necessary for marches, drills,and ceremonies.

c. A company consists of a company head-quarters and two or more platoons. For dis-mounted drill and ceremonies, the companyheadquarters personnel are attached to the pla-toons to equalize the platoon strength withoutinterfering with the permanent squad organiza-tion. Members of the company headquarterscommand group are formed for marches orspecial purposes as in figure 45, or as directedby the company commander.

d. For road marches or prolonged periods ofmarching, the company headquarters group maymarch as a unit at the head of the column. Whenthis is directed, a three-step distance betweenthe headquarters group and the first platoon ismaintained.

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e. Posts for key personnel in company forma-tions are-

(1) Company in line.(a) Company commander. Twelve steps

front and center of the company.(b) Guidon bearer. One step to the rear

and two steps to the left of the com-pany commander.

(c) Platoon leaders. Six steps front andcenter of their platoons.

(d) Platoon guides. Normal interval tothe right of the front rank squadleader.

(e) Platoon sergeants. Left flank men inthe rear squad of their platoons.

(f) First sergeant. Normal distance tothe rear of the rear rank squad leaderof the left center platoon (center pla-toon if a three-platoon formation).

(g) Executive officer. Normal distance tothe rear of the left flank man of therear rank of the right center platoon(right platoon if a three-platoonformation).

(2) Company in column with platoons incolumn for drill purposes.

(a) Company commander. Three steps infront of the platoon leader of theleading platoon, or centered on theleft flank of the company, three stepsto the left of the left flank (as hispresence is required).

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(b) Guidon bearer. Three steps in frontof the guide of the leading platoon.

(c) Platoon leaders. Normal distance infront of the squad leader of the leftfile squad in their platoons.

(d) Platoon guide. Normal distance infront of the squad leader of the rightfile squad.

(e) Platoon sergeants. Normal distance-to the rear of the last man in theright file in their platoons.

(f) Executive officer. Normal distance tothe rear of the last man in the leftfile of the rearmost platoon.

(g) First sergeant. As the company com-mander directs.

(3) Company in column with platoons incolumn for road marches.

(a) Company headquarters. Three stepsin front of the leading platoon, for-mation as directed by the companycommander.

(b) Company commander. Normal dis-tance in front of the left front man ofthe company headquarters group.

(c) Guidon bearer. Normal distance infront of the right front man of thecompany headquarters group.

(d) All other personnel as outlined in (2)above.

(4) Company in column with platoons inline.

(a) Company commander. Twelve steps

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front and center of the leading pla-toon.

(b) Guidon bearer. One step to the rearand two steps to the left of the com-pany commander.

(c) Platoon leaders. Six steps front andcenter of their platoons.

(d) Platoon guide. Normal distance to theright of the front rank squad leader.

(e) Platoon sergeants. Left flank man ofthe rear squad in their platoons.

(f) First sergeant. Normal distance tothe rear of the squad leader of therear rank of the rearmost platoon.

(g) Executive officer. Rear of the leftfile and on line with the first sergeant.

(5) Company mass at normal or close inter-val.

(a) Company commander. Six steps frontand center of the company.

(b) Guidon bearer. One step to the rearand two steps to the left of the com-pany commander.

(c) Platoon leaders. Normal distance infront of the left file of their platoons.

(d) Platoon guides. Normal distance infront of the right file of the platoon.

(e) Platoon sergeants. Normal distance inrear of the rearmost man in the rightfile of their platoons.

(f) Executive officer. Normal distance inrear in the rearmost man of the leftfile of the right center platoon (right

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platoon if a three-platoon formation)on line with the first sergeant.

(g) First sergeant. In rear of the rear-most man of the right file of the leftcenter platoon (center platoon if athree-platoon formation) on line withthe company executive officer.

f. When the company commander gives theorder to open and close ranks, to aline the com-pany, to stack and take arms, to close on leadingplatoon, to dismiss the platoons, and to preparefor inspection, the movements are executed onthe command of the platoon leaders and not onthe order of the company commander. The orderfrom the company commander describes the move-ment to be commanded by the platoon leaders.

91. DefinitionsDrill terms used in this chapter are the same

as given in paragraphs 62 and 78.

Section II. COMPANY DRILL

92. To/Form the Company

a. At the command FALL IN, the companyforms in line of platoons in line with 3-step inter-vals between platoons (fig. 44).

b. The first sergeant normally forms the com-pany. He posts himself nine 30-inch steps infront of the center and facing the line where thefront rank of the company is to form, and com-mands, FALL IN.

c. The platoon sergeants take their posts sothat the company will be centered on and at

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proper distance from the first sergeant. Theyface their platoons, and allow for three 30-inchsteps between platoons.

d. The platoons guides take their normal postrelative to the platoon sergeant, and the platoonsform in two or more ranks with normal intervalsas described in paragraph 80.

e. With armed troops, the first sergeant andplatoons sergeants are at right shoulder arms.

f. The platoons are formed and the platoonsergeants receive the report from the squadleaders as described in paragraph 81. Each pla-toon sergeant faces about after receiving the re-port from his squad leaders.

g. When all platoon sergeants are facing tothe front, first sergeant commands REPORT.The platoon sergeants report in succession fromright to left, "All present," "All present or ac-counted for" or "(so many) men absent." Sa-

2 STEPS

S2 STEPSI I l5222

COMANMY COMMANDER FIRST SERGEANT

* EXECUTIVE OFFICER C GUIDN BEEARER

G SECTION LEADER

Figure 44. Rifle company in line of platoons in line.

I136

lutes are exchanged in the same manner as inthe platoon report.

h. All platoons having reported, the first ser-geant commands POSTS. The platoon sergeantsface about, face to the half right in marching,and move to their posts by the most direct route.

i. The first sergeant then faces about and re-ports to the company commander, "Sir, all pres-ent," "Sir, all present or accounted for," or "Sir,(so many) men absent." When his salute isreturned, he faces about without command andmoves directly to his post. The company com-mander is three steps from the first sergeantwhen the report is made, or 12 steps from thefirst rank of the company.

j. As the first sergeant faces about and movesto his post, the executive officer and platoonleaders take their posts. The platoon leaders movearound the right flank of their respective pla-toons.

k. Men required to make a report, salute whilereporting and hold the salute until it is returned.The person receiving the report does not returnthe salute until the report is completed.

1. On the command AT CLOSE INTERVAL, FALLIN, the company forms with close interval be-tween men, but the interval between platoonsremains at 3 steps.

m. When the platoons are not organized intosquads, the platoon sergeant commands, INSPEC-

TION, ARMS; PORT ARMS; RIGHT SHOULDER,

ARMS, immediately after falling in, and calls the

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roll. Each man ansyers "Here" as his name iscalled, and comes to order arms.

93. To Dismiss the CompanyWhen the company is in line of platoons in line

(fig. 44) at attention, it is normally dismissedin either of the following ways:

a. The company commander commands FIRST

SERGEANT, DISMISS THE COMPANY. At thepreparatory command FIRST SERGEANT, the firstsergeant moves by the most direct route to a po-sition three steps in front of the company com-mander and salutes. The company comman-der returns his salute and gives the commandDISMISS THE COMPANY. Salutes are againexchanged. The company commander then fallsout, and the executive officer and platoon leadersfall out at the same time. As the platoon leadersfall out, the platoon sergeants post themselves infront of their platoons. The first sergeant facesabout and commands DISMISS YOUR PLA-TOONS. The platoon sergeants salute. When thesalute is returned, they face about and dismisstheir platoons by the commands INSPECTION

ARMS; PORT, ARMS; DISMISSED.b. The company commander gives DISMISS

YOUR PLATOONS. The platoon leaders salute.The company commander returns their salute andhe, the executive officer, and the first sergeantfall out. The platoon leaders then face about andcommand PLATOON SERGEANT, DISMISS THEPLATOON. At the preparatory command, eachplatoon sergeant posts himself three steps in frontof his platoon leader and salutes. The platoon

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leader returns the salute and gives the commandof execution, DISMISS THE PLATOON. Sa-lutes are again exchanged and the platoon leaderfalls out. The platoon sergeant then faces aboutand dismisses the platoon described in a above.

94. Supplementary Commandsa. Except for movements in mass or extended

mass formation, platoon leaders repeat all pre-paratory commands of the company commander,including the manual of arms, except when thecommand is COMPANY. In this case they cometo attention and command PLATOON prior tothe company commander's command of execution.The company commander allows sufficient timefor the supplementary commands before givingthe command of execution (par. 8).

b. To change the direction of a column, theleading platoon leader repeats the company com-mander's preparatory command, the other platoonleaders giving CONTINUE THE MARCH, orSTAND FAST, whichever is appropriate.

c. No supplementary commands are given formass drill. They are given, however, when form-ing a mass, or when forming a column from amass. No supplementary commands are given forthe company commander's commands AT EASE,REST, FALL OUT, or other combined commands.

95. To Aline the Companya. The company commander alines the com-

pany with DRESS RIGHT (DRESS CENTER)or (DRESS LEFT). All platoon leaders faceabout at this command. The base platoon leader

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commands DRESS RIGHT (LEFT), DRESS, andalines his platoon as described in paragraph 82f.When the alinement of the first rank of the baseplatoon has been verified, the platoon leaders tothe left (right) of the base platoon, commandDRESS RIGHT (LEFT), DRESS, and aline from theflank of their platoons farthest from the baseplatoon.

b. When desired, platoon guides step off the5-step interval at the command GUIDE, VERIFYINTERVAL, given before the command DRESS RIGHT,DRESS. The platoon sergeant verifies the inter-val on similar commands when the dress is tothe left, and returns to his post after the frontrank has been alined.

96. TO Open and Close Ranksa. To open ranks, the company commander

directs OPEN RANKS. All platoon leaders faceabout at this command. The base platoon leadercommands OPEN RANKS, MARCH. At the com-mand MARCH, the platoon opens ranks asdescribed in paragraph 83. When the alinementof the first rank of the base platoon has beenverified, the platoon leaders to the left (right) ofthe base platoon command OPEN RANKS, MARCH,and aline their platoons on the first rank of thebase platoon as outlined in paragraph 95.

b. To close ranks, the company commandercommands CLOSE RANKS. All platoon leadersface about and command CLOSE RANKS, MARCH.The commands are given and executed beginningwith the base platoon and preceding in order to

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the left (right) until all platoons have closedranks, as described in paragraph 83.

c. To stack arms or ground equipment, thecompany commander directs, OPEN RANKSAND GROUND EQUIPMENT, or OPENRANKS AND STACK ARMS.

97. To Change -Intervala. When in line at a halt, the company com-

mander gives FALL OUT; then AT CLOSE INTER-VAL, FALL IN. The company re-forms on thecompany commander and platoon leaders.

b. When in column, the company commandergives CLOSE (EXTEND), MARCH. All platoonsexecute the movement simultaneously as describedin platoon drill (par. 84).

c. To obtain double-arm interval, the companyis first formed into a mass, extended mass, or acolumn of platoons in line. The commands aregiven by the company commander and executedsimilarly to the manner previously described fora squad or platoon.

98. To Form a Column of Files or Twosa. To form a column of files or twos when the

company is in column of platoons in column (fig.45), the company commander gives the com-mands as in paragraphs 86 and 88 and allowstime for the supplementary commands. Thesemovements are commanded only from the halt.

b. The leading platoon leader repeats the pre-paratory command. Other platoon leaders giveSTAND FAST. The leading platoon executes, themovement as in platoon drill on the company

141

COMPANY'~ ' I-~ HEADOUARTERS (-)

RIFLEPLATOON

3 STEPS

RIFLEPLATOON

o 3 STEPS

RIFLEPLATOON

.... T3STEPS

WEAPONSPLATOON

Figure 45. Rifle company in column ofplatoons in column.

142

commander's command of execution. Other pla-toons execute the movement on their platoonleader's commands, given so as to follow with thenormal 3-step distance between platoons.

c. Re-forming is executed simultaneously byall platoons on the company commander's com-mand of execution. Platoon leaders close theirplatoons to the normal 3-step distance whenre-formed, without command of the companycommander.

99. To Form a Company Mass When in Columna. The command is COMPANY MASS LEFT

(RIGHT), MARCH, given by the company com-mander from the march or at a halt. The inter-val between files and platoons is the same as theinterval in the column formation from which themovement was commanded.

b. At the preparatory command COMPANYMASS LEFT (RIGHT), when the company is at halt,the leading platoon leader gives the commandSTAND FAST; the platoon leaders of succeed-ing platoons give COLUMN HALF LEFT (RIGHT). Atthe command MARCH, the leading platoon standsfast. The rear platoons execute column half left(right), then column half right (left) on com-mand of the platoon leaders, and move to the newposition at close interval or normal intervalalongside the leading platoon. Each platoon ishalted by its platoon leader when its leading rankcomes abreast of the leading rank of the platoonsalready on line. These movements form the com-pany in mass, with close interval or normal inter-val between files (figs. 46 and 47).

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6 STEPS

CLOSE INTERVAL BETWEEN FILESNORMAL DISTANCE BETWEEN RANKS

Figure 46. Rifle company in mass at close interval.

144

0 0 0

j; o o

NORMAL INTERVAL BETWEEN FILES

NORMAL DISTANCE BETWEEN RANKS

Figure 47. Rifle company in mass at normal interval.

c. When the preparatory command COMPANY

MASS LEFT (RIGHT) is given during a march, theleading platoon leader gives CONTINUE THEMARCH. Platoon leaders of succeeding platoonsgive supplementary commands as in b above.

145

Immediately after the company commander givesMARCH, the leader of the leading platoon haltshis platoon, and other platoon leaders completethe movement as described in b above.

100. To Form an Etended Mass

a. When it is desired to increase the size of themass to present a more impressive appearance fordrill and ceremonies, the extended mass forma-tion is used. In extended mass formation, thecompany drills in the same manner as for massformation and maintains the interval betweenplatoons.

b. The command is COMPANY MASS-STEPSLEFT (RIGHT), MARCH. The movement is exe-cuted from the halt or while marching with closeor normal interval between the files within eachplatoon.

c. At the command MARCH, the movement isexecuted as described in paragraph 99 except thatthe rear platoons execute a full column left andcolumn right to move to the new position besidethe leading platoons at the interval ordered. Eachplatoon is halted when its leading rank comesabreast of the leading ranks of the platoonsalready on line.

101. To Form a Column From an ExtendedMass

To form a column from an extended mass for-mation, the movement is 'executed as described inparagraph 103 except that the rear platoonsexecute full column movements.

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102. To Form a Column of Platoons in Line

a. When marching or at a halt, in a columnof platoons in column at normal interval, thecompany is first massed to the right with aprescribed interval between the platoons (12 to24 steps). After the company has been massed,the company commander gives the commandLEFT, FACE.

b. This movement is commanded and executedlike a mass or extended mass formation, exceptthat full column movements are executed by theplatoons.

c. This formation is used for inspections andinstruction in tent pitching (fig. 48). Particularcommands for tent pitching are given and exe-cuted as described in paragraph 89.

103. To Form a Column From a Company Mass

a. When at a halt, the command is COLUMN OFTWOS (THREES, or more), RIGHT (LEFT) PLATOON,FORWARD MARCH. At the preparatory command,the right (left) platoon leader commands FOR-WARD, and the other platoon leaders commandSTAND FAST. At the command MARCH, theright (left) platoon marches forward. Theremaining platoons follow in column, executingcolumn half right and column half left on thecommands of the platoon leaders.

b. When in march, the commands are the sameas in a above, except that DOUBLE TIME is givenby the leading platoon leader instead of FORWARD,and the other platoon leaders command CON-

TINUE THE MARCH. On the command

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6 STEPS

- 6 STEPS

24 STEPS

0

I ..

,i - D . ----

24 STEPS

24 STEPS

* o

Figure 48. Company in column of platoons in line.

148148

MARCH, the right (left) platoon marches out indouble time. Other platoon leaders give COLUMN

HALF RIGHT (HALF LEFT), DOUBLE TIME, MARCHand COLUMN HALF LEFT (HALF RIGHT), MARCHto bring the succeeding platoons into a column.With armed troops, the company commandercommands PORT, ARMS, before commanding thismovement.

c. A column of platoons in column (fig. 45) isformed from a column of platoons in line (fig.48) from a halt only and in the manner describedin a above except that the company is faced tothe right and full column movements are com-maned by the platoon leaders, other than the oneto move out.

104. To Change Direction in a Mass Formation

a. The commands are RIGHT (LEFT) TURN,

MARCH; FORWARD, MARCH. The right (left)flank man of the rank of guides and platoonleaders is the pivot of this movement. The move-ment is executed similarly to a platoon columnmovement except that the half step is continueduntil FORWARD, MARCH is given. This commandis given after the entire company has changeddirection and has arrived on line.

b. When at a halt, the company commanderdoes not face the company to command RIGHT(LEFT) TURN, MARCH, but gives the commandover his shoulder. When marching, he turns andmarches backward to give the command, thenturns and marches at the half step in the newdirection of march. He turns again and marches

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backward to command FORWARD, MARCH, thenturns and marches forward.

c. In turning to the left, the left file is the baseuntil FORWARD, MARCH, is given. Then, theguide is right unless otherwise announced.

105. To Aline a Mass or Extended MassFormation

a. The company commander gives the com-mand DRESS RIGHT (LEFT), DRESS or AT CLOSEINTERVAL, DRESS RIGHT (LEFT), DRESS to alinea mass formation.

b. At the command of execution, the platoonleader of the base platoon moves by the mostdirect route to the flank toward which the dressis made and verifies the alinement of as manyranks as are necessary to assure proper aline-ment in a manner similar to verifying the aline-ment for the platoon (par. 82). When he hascompleted the verification, he returns to his posi-tion in the front rank. The company commanderthen commands READY, FRONT.

106. To Correct Distance Between Platoonsa. When the company is marching in column

or at the halt, and it is desired to obtain the cor-rect distance between platoons, the command isCLOSE ON LEADING PLATOON.

b. At this command, the leading platoon leadercauses his platoon to take up the half step if inmarch, or stand fast if at the halt.

c. Succeeding platoons, if in march, arecaused to continue the march, and then take upthe half step as soon as the correct distance has

150

been obtained. At the halt, succeeding platoonleaders march their platoons forward and haltthem at the correct distance.

d. In march, the company commander givesFORWARD, MARCH as soon as all platoons haveobtained the correct distance and have taken upthe half step.

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CHAPTER 8THE BATTALION AND THE REGIMENT

Section i. GENERAL

107. Generala. The formations of the infantry battalion

and regiment are prescribed in this chapter. Theyare recommended as a guide for the correspond-ing units of the other arms and services and forhigher units.

b. The regiment does not drill by command ofthe regimental commander. Its battalions formand march under the battalion commanders asdirected by the regimental commander. Whenpracticable, the formation and movement of thesubdivisions of the battalion and regiment aremade clear to the unit commanders before start-ing the movement.

c. When in mass formation, the battalion drillsby command. Such drill is limited to movementsfor ceremonies where the units of the battalionexecute the manual, facings, and marchings asone body at the command of the battalion com-mander. These movements are executed by thebattalion in a manner similar to that prescribedfor the company.

d. The assembly of units in mass formation isdirected by the battalion commander. Each com-

152

pany commander moves his company to its placein the most convenient manner.

e. To assume any formation, the battalion orregimental commander announces the desired for-mation, the flank position for the right (or left)of the battalion or regiment, and the direction inwhich the line or column is to face. The unitsapproach the line on which the battalion or regi-ment forms in column or line formations. Oncompletion of the movement the companies aregiven AT EASE until another movement isordered.

f. After a battalion is halted the companiesmake not movement to correct their alinementor position unless ordered by the battalioncommander.

g. In ceremonies, the units remain at attentionafter the ceremony has started until at ease isordered by the next higher commander of troops.Rest should not be given once the proceedingshave started.

h. A unit may be presented to its commanderor to a reviewing officer. When this is done, thepresenting officer faces his unit and gives thecommand PRESENT, ARMS. Then he faces to thefront and salutes. The members of the present-ing officer's staff salute and complete the saluteas he does.

108. Commands and OrdersThe commands or orders of the battalion or

regimental commander are given orally, by pre-arranged signal, or by means of staff officers or

153

messengers who transmit them to the commanderconcerned.-

109. Staffa. The commissioned staff of a commander

forms in one rank, one and one-half steps to hisrear at normal interval. The enlisted personnelof his staff form one and one-half steps to therear of and covering the officers. When only onestaff officer is present, he is posted one step tothe right and one and one-half steps to the rearof the commander. Staff members usually arearranged from right to left in order of rank, thesenior on the right; however, the commandermay cause them to be arranged in any desiredorder.

b. When necessary-to reduce the front of thestaff, as in marching, it may be formed in asmany ranks as necessary, maintaining normaldistance between ranks, following the com-mander. The staff marches under the direction ofthe senior staff officer.

Section II. THE BATTALION

110. Formationsa. The battalion forms in column (fig. 49), in

line with companies in line (fig. 50),'in line withcompanies in mass (fig. 51), in mass (fig. 52), orfor inspections, in line of companies, each com-pany being formed in column of platoons in linie(fig. 48).

b. The band is posted by the adjutant as shownin figures 50 and 51.

154

BATTALION COMMANDERAND STAFF

12 STEPS

COMPANY

12 STEPS

RIFLE COMPANY

12 STEPS COLORS

RIFLE COMPANY

T

H RIFLE COMPANY

12 STEPS

H_ HEAVY WEAPONS COMPANY

Figure 49. Battalion in column of comrpanies in-column.

155

c. The attached units take their position asdirected by the battalion commander. They con-form to the formation and movements of the otherunits of the battalion.

d. Regardless of the direction the battalionfaces, the companies are designated numericallyfrom right to left in line and from head to rearin column; that is, first company, second company,third company.

e. The terms "right" and "left" apply to rightand left as the troops face.

f. The designation "center company" indicatesthe center or the right center company, accordingto whether the number of companies is odd oreven.

g. The battalion commander supervises the for-mation from such positions as best enable him tocorrect alinements, intervals, and distances. Withhis staff (less the adjutant), he takes his post intime to receive the report.

111. To Form in ColumnThe battalion forms in column from a line of

companies in line by executing right face. Thebattalion commander prescribes the formation, thedirection the company will face, the hour of form-ing, the location of the head of the column andthe order in column of the battalion headquarters,companies, attached units, and trains. At theappointed time, the company commanders formtheir units as prescribed. They place their unitsin column -and report their arrival in place to thebattalion commander or his adjutant (fig. 49).

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112. To Form in Line With Companies in Line(for Ceremonies)

a. Before the ceremonies, the adjutant seesthat the battalion position on the parade ground ismarked with as many flags and markings as areneeded. One flag is placed on each flank of theline on which the battalion is to form. The adju-tant takes his initial post for the ceremony sixsteps to the right of the right flank marker facingdown the line.

b. When a band is to participate in the cere-monies, the adjutant prearranges a signal or aspecific time for adjutant's call to be sounded. Theleft flank man of the band is 12 steps to the rightof the right flank marker as shown in figure 50,and 6 steps to the right of the adjutant.

c. Companies are marched in column of threes(fours), from the left flank of the battalion posi-tion so as to arrive successively at a positionparallel to and in rear of the line. The command

24 STEPS

12 STEPS

e STEPS S STEPS 6 STEPS S STEPS iS STEPS

Figure 50. Battalion in line of companies in line.

157

6 SEPS 6 STEPS 6 STEPS 6 SEPS 12 SEPS

they will step off at the first note of the musicfollowing adjutant's call. The line of march is farenough from the line on which the battalion isto form to permit alinement of the guides of theright company by the adjutant. As each companyarrives in rear of its position, it is halted andfaced to the left. The company commander thencommands GUIDES ON LINE. At this command,the guides of each platoon double time at portarms to their positions on the line of flags (finalline), come to order arms, and execute right faceto face the adjutant. The adjutant alines theguides of the right company; the guides of theother companies cover the guides already on theline. As soon as the guides have establishedthemselves on the line, the company is moved tothe line of guides. The company commanderhalts the company so the right man of the frontrank halts with his chest approximately sixinches from the guide's right arm. If the com-

1 sI

18 STEPS

t6 STEPS

1.o

Figure 52. Battalion in mass formation

w 0.

Al I 0 U U u

4 Ia4 4 4* aI

Figure 52. Battalion in mass formation.

pany is at right shoulder arms, the company com-mander gives ORDER, ARMS. The company isthen alined as prescribed in paragraph 95. Onthe command DRESS, RIGHT, DRESS, the rightman of the front rank moves forward until hischest touches the guide's right arm.

d. When the units have reached their positionson the line, the band stops playing. The adjutant

159

then moves by the most direct route to a positionmidway between the line of company commandersand the battalion commander. He halts and facesthe battalion.

e. When all units are dressed, the adjutantcommands GUIDES, POST. At this command, theguides move to their positions in ranks by takingone step forward, executing a face to the rightwhile marching, advancing the right foot one stepand bringing the left foot alongside the rightfoot. They then face about.

f. The adjutant then commands PRESENTARMS, faces the battalion commander, salutes,and reports, "Sir, the battalion is formed."

g. The battalion commander returns the saluteand orders, "Take your post, sir." The adjutantpasses to the battalion commander's right andtakes his post on line with the staff. The bat-talion commander then commands ORDER, ARMS.He may then command several movements in themanual of arms.

h. The commander of troops may direct aready line be established in rear of the final line.These lines are approximately 30 yards apart.This permits the commanders to form their unitson the ready line in the same formation as on thefinal line, prior to adjutant's call. When adju-tant's call has been sounded, first the guides andthen the troops are moved to the final line onthe commands of their commanders, from rightto left. The ready line may be used for anyformation.

160

113. To Form in Line With Companies in MassFormation (for ceremonies)

The procedure is the same as in forming inline, except that-

a. The companies are marched from eitherflank of the battalion position in columns ofthrees (fours) along a line in rear of the line onwhich the battalion is to form. When opposite itsplace in line, each company successively executescolumn left (right). As soon as this column move-ment has been initiated, the company commanderorders GUIDE OF LEADING PLATOON ONLINE. At this command the guide of the leadingplatoon moves out at double time (at port arms)to the line marked by the flags. He halts there,comes to order arms, and faces the adjutant. Theguide marks the right of the company. The com-pany commander then gives COMPANY MASS LEFT,MARCH. The command is timed so that theleading platoon halts short of but close to theline of guides. The remaining platoons suc-cessively move into position at the designatedinterval on the left of the leading platoon (fig.51).

b. At the command GUIDES, POST, the guidesmove to their positions in ranks (figs. 46 and 47)by executing a face to the left in marching.

114. To Form the Battalion in MassThe procedure is the same as in forming in

line except that companies are marched fromeither flank of the battalion position in columnof threes (fours) at close interval without dis-tance between platoons. Officers and a guide

161

comprise the front rank, other officers forminga rear rank with the executive officer (fig. 52).The line of march is in rear of the line on whichthe battalion is to form. When opposite its placein line, each company executes column left(right). As soon as this column movement hasbegun, the company commander commandsGUIDE OF LEADING PLATOON ON LINE.The guide moves out, the company is halted, andthe guides take their posts as described in para-graph 113.

115. To Dismiss the Battaliona. The battalion commander commands DIS-

MISS YOUR COMPANIES.b. The company commanders salute the bat-

talion commander, march their companies to theplace of dismissal, and dismiss them as pre-scribed in paragraph 93.

c. After the companies march off, the bat-talion commander dismisses his staff.

d. In case the battalion commander desires torelease the companies to their commanders, with-out prescribing that the companies be dismissedpromptly, he commands TAKE CHARGE OFYOUR COMPANIES. The company commanderssalute the battalion commander and take chargeof their companies.

Section III. THE REGIMENT

116. Formationsa. The regiment forms in column with the

battalions in column, in column with the bat-talions in mass, in line with the battalions in

161

REGIMENTAL REGIMENTALCOMMANDER COMMANDER

12 STEPS AND STAFF 12 STEPS AND STAFF

BAND BAND

36 STEPS 36 STEPS

BATTALION L ]BATTALION

36 STEPS36 STEPS

BATTALION

BATTALION

36TEPS _36 STEPS - COLORS

6 STEPS COLORS BATTALION

BATTALION 36 STEPS

36 STEPS PROVISIONAL36 ESTEPSBATTALION

PROVISIONALBATTALION

0Figure 53. Regiment in column.

mass, or in line with the battalions in line ofcompany masses as shown in figure 53 and 54.

b. The separate companies of the regimentusually are grouped as a provisional battalion.When not grouped as a provisional battalion,these units form on the left of the regiment whenit is in line or at the rear when it is in column(figs. 53 and 54).

117. To Form the Regimenta. The regimental commander announces-

163

(1) The formation (with or withoutvehicles).

(2) The place and time of the formation.(3) The direction the units will face.(4) The color battalion.(5) The uniform and equipment of troops.(6) The reviewing officer.(7) The commander of troops.(8) The provisional battalion commander.(9) The frontage and depth of troops for

uniformity.(10) The order in which units will be formed

on the ready and final lines.(11) Ceremonies.

b. Before forming the regiment, the regimental

36 STEPS

lB S TIEPS 18 STEPS

PROVIIONAL TTI ]O ATSTEPSA

PROVISIONAL BATT ALION BATTALION BATTALIONBATTALION

Figure 54. Regiment in line with battalions innaLss formation.

164

commander has the positions marked on whichthe larger (battalion) elements are to form.

c. On arrival at their designated places on theready line, the battalions and separate companiesof the regiment are given rest.

d. For ceremonies, the procedure for the for-mation of a battalion is followed as described inparagraph 112 except that the battalion adju-tants take their posts at adjutant's call on thefinal line on which the regiment is to form. Theyface down the line from their positions, whichare six steps from the point where the rightflanks of their respective battalions will rest.When all units of their battalions are on line,they move to their posts by the most direct route.

e. The regimental adjutant acts for the regi-ment in a manner similar to that prescribed forthe battalion adjutant in paragraph 112 exceptthat his post on the final line is 3 steps to theright of the right battalion adjutant and 3 stepsto the left of the left flank man in the band.

f. When a commander or adjutant gives acommand which is to be executed by troops underthe command of another commander (when aregimental adjutant causes the troops to bebrought to attention), he gives the command ina conversational tone of voice, but loud enoughto be heard distinctly by the subordinate com-manders. The command is not separated into apreparatory command and a command of execu-tion, nor does he give it so smartly as to cause itto be executed prematurely.

165

118. To Dismiss the RegimentTo dismiss the regiment, the regimental com-

mander orders the commanders of the battalionsand separate companies of the regiment to dis-miss their units. The procedure is the same asdescribed in paragraphs 93 and 115.

166

CHAPTER 9

CEREMONIES

Section I. REVIEWS

119. Generala. A review is a military ceremony held-

(1) In honor of a visiting higher comman-der, official, or dignitary.

(2) For presenting decorations, awards orhonors to members or units of a com-mand.

(3) To allow a higher commander, official,or dignitary to observe the state oftraining in a command.

b. A review may consist of the following sixparts:

(1) Formation of troops.(2) Presentation and honors.(3) Retreat (if scheduled).(4) Inspection (passing around the troops).(5) Decoration and awards (if scheduled).(6) March in review.

c. A commander normally designates an officerof his command as commander of troops so thatthe commander may review his own troops oraccompany a visitor reviewing the troops. Thecommander of troops is responsible for the prepa-ration and organization of his troops for the

167

review. Whenever the national anthem or To TheColor is played as part of a ceremonial formation,the commander of troops faces the reviewingparty and salutes.

d. The line on which the troops are to beformed and the route of march are marked ordesignated. Flags or appropriate markings areused to mark the post of the reviewing officer,and are also placed 6 steps to the left of thereviewing officer to designate the point whereEYES, RIGHT is commanded and executed, andare placed far enough to the right of the review-

L REVIEWING OFFICER

20 STEPS I

E·____,______,__P_1____F~_,___? - - -

LINEASOUT OF

100 STEPS MARCH

4

LINE OF TROOPS

Figure 55. Preparation for review.

168

ing officer to designate the point where the com-mand READY, FRONT is given (fig. 55).

e. Any of the formations described for the bat-talion or regiment may be used. The formationused is limited by the space available and theformation in which the units pass in review. Theformation may be modified to meet the local situ-ation. Each. unit should be sized uniformly withthe tallest men in front and on the right.

120. Formation of Troopsa. Battalions and regiments are formed as

shown in figures 56 and 57. In reviews in whichtwo or more arms (infantry, artillery) are pres-ent, the troops are arranged as ordered by thecommander of troops. As a guide, units shouldbe arranged from right to left in line with theslowest unit on the right (usually infantry) andprogress to the most rapidly moving unit on theleft.

b. The troops move to their position in themost convenient manner. For large reviews the

.- 1Z--LIITI--LII] r% d EC - I --LIBAND IS FACED AND TROOPSI ARHED TO INDICATED

I POSITION BEFORE MARCHI IN REVIEW COMMENCES

,---- _--- -- _ --- --- -------- ------ ------

REVIEWMI OFFICER

Figure 56. Battalion review, companies in line,marched in review in column of platoons in column.

169

3--------R 0 n 0 C CB RAND IS FACED AND I lMARCHED TO INDICATED , /

4 POSITION BEFORE MARCHIN REVIEW COMMENCES

I /

REVIEWING OFFICER

Figure 57. Regimental review, battalions in mass,marched in review in column of battalions in mass.

commander of troops prescribes the routes andtime of arrival. When the frontages of the unitshave been measured and marked, the units mayarrive in any convenient order and occupy theirplace in line. When this is not done, the unitsform successively from right to left along theline. The first method is preferable in largemixed commands.

c. When commanders are mounted in vehicles,they dismount and take their posts as prescribedor as directed. They remain at their posts fromthe time their units arrive on the line until thecommand PASS IN REVIEW.

d. In motorized or mechanized units or ele-ments, occupants of vehicles usually are requiredto form dismounted in a formation correspondingto that of the other units in the review. At thecommand PASS IN REVIEW, they break forma-tion, move at double time, and mount theirvehicles.

170

e. An adjutant, designated by the commanderof troops, forms the troops in a manner similarto that described for a battalion or regiment (ch.8). After all units are formed and alined, theadjutant brings the units to attention (if at restor at ease), and then commands PRESENT, ARMS,for a battalion size review, or for larger reviews,he directs "Present arms." When the troops havecome to present arms, he faces the commander oftroops, salutes, and reports, "Sir, the battalion(regiment) is formed."

f. When the formation consists of one regi-ment (two or more battalions), at the directionof the adjutant, the battalion commanders andspecial unit commanders bring their units topresent arms, starting with the center or rightcenter battalion and continuing simultaneouslytoward both flanks.

g. In formations consisting of two or moreregiments, the regimental commanders repeat thedirective of the adjutant, starting with the centeror right center regiments and continuing simul-taneously toward both flanks. The battalion andspecial unit commanders within their respectiveregiments then bring their units to present armsas in f above.

h. Units and individuals not armed with riflesexecute the hand salute at the command PRESENT,

ARMS, and end the salute at the command, ORDER,

ARMS. They remain at attention during theexecution of the manual of arms.

i. The commander of troops and his staff taketheir position midway between the leading rankof the unit commanders and the post of the

171

reviewing officer, facing the line of troops. Thecommander of troops returns the salute of theadjutant and orders him to take his post. (Themembers of the staff do not salute with the com-mander of troops when the troops are presentedto him.) The commander of troops for unitslarger than battalions, directs order arms in aconversational tone making sure that he does notgive the directive as a drill command. When allunits have come to order arms, he faces thereviewing stand. The members of his staff marchto their positions to his rear at the commandsof the senior staff officer (fig. 58).

j. When the staff has reversed its position, thecommander of troops faces the formation and,if the reviewing officer has not taken his post,directs at ease. If the reviewing officer has taken

.-.... . E .STAFF STAFF STAFF STAFFOFFICER OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER

I Y STEPS

COMMANDEROF TROOPS

I /a STEPS

,- . ... 'l -- - -l l

Figure 58. ovement of te sta to the rear of theL__ .... _ L…___

Figure 58. Mlovement of the staff to the rear of thecommander of troops.

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his post, he directs present arms, faces thereviewing officer, and commands STAFF, PRESENTARMS. He and his staff present arms together.The ceremony then proceeds as outlined in para-graph 122.

121. Reviewing Party

a. When the formation has been completed, thereviewing officer with his staff moves to his posi-tion opposite the center of the line of troops toreceive the review (fig. 59).

b. The local commander (if not acting as com-mander of troops), distinguished persons invitedto accompany the reviewing officer but not them-selves receiving the review, staffs, and enlistedpersonnel take positions facing the troops as

TROOPS

LOCAL REVIEWINGCIVILIAN COMMANDER OFFICER

-1 !-I F-STAFF OF LOCAL COMMANDER T STAFF OF REVIEWING OFFICER

OR DERL FLG3 O STEPRS L

ORDERLY FLAG OF FLAG OF ORDERLYLOCAL REVIEWING

COMMANDER OFFICER

Figure 59. Reviewing party.

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shown in figure 59. When an organization isreviewed before an inspecting officer or otherperson junior in rank to the local commander,the junior takes position to the left of the localcommander, unless the commander desires toaccede the place of honor to the reviewing officer.

c. An officer from the local staff is designatedto escort distinguished persons and to show themtheir positions. When a civilian receives thereview, he takes position on the right of the localcommander; if necessary, timely explanation ofthe ceremony is made to him.

d. As the reviewing officer moves to his posi-tion, the commander of troops faces his troopsand brings them to attention.

122. Presentation and Honorsa. The commander of troops brings the troops

to present arms as soon as the reviewing officerhas taken his post. When the grade of the review-ing officer entitles him to honors, each regimentalor separate battalion color salutes at the com-mand PRESENT, ARMS, given by the commanderof the battalion with which the colors are postedor by the commander of the battalion to the rightof the colors when they are not posted with abattalion. The regimental color is returned tothe order at the last note of honors. The nationalcolor renders no salute.

b. Honors are. given the reviewing officer, whenhis grade so entitles him, as prescribed in AR600-25. The band (a designated band near thecenter of the command, if more than one band ispresent) or field music sounds the honors when

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the commander of troops faces the reviewingofficer and salutes with his staff. The reviewingofficer, the members of his staff, and all militaryspectators salute at the first note of the music andhold the salute until the music and gun salute arecompleted. When the honors are completed,. thecommander of troops and his staff end theirsalute. He then faces about and brings the troopsto order arms. If the national anthem was playedas part of the honors, or if the ceremony includesdecorations and awards, he orders at ease. Theceremony then proceeds with retreat (if sched-uled), inspection, decorations and awards (ifscheduled), and march in review. If the nationalanthem was not played as part of the honors,and decorations and awards are not scheduled,the commander of troops then faces the review-ing officer and, after a slight pause, he againfaces the troops and directs present arms. Hethen faces the reviewing officer and commandsSTAFF, PRESENT, ARMS. He and his staff salute,and the band plays the national anthem. Thereviewing officer and his staff, and all militaryspectators salute at the first note of the music.The salute is held until the last note of the music.The commander of troops commands STAFF,

ORDER, ARMS, without facing about. He thenfaces about and brings the troops to order armsand at ease. The ceremony then proceeds asscheduled. The inspection and decorations andawards may be omitted from the ceremony.

c. If the reviewing officer is not entitled tohonors, the presentation proceeds as above except

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that the regimental colors do not salute personsof lower rank than the regimental commander.As soon as the reviewing officer returns the saluteof the commander of troops, the command isbrought to order arms and at ease and the inspec-tion follows. No music is played as part of hon-ors, but if decorations and awards are notscheduled the national anthem is played afterthe command has been presented to the reviewingofficer.

d. When artillery is present in the review andwhen the commander of troops deems it practica-ble, a salute is fired in the manner prescribed inAR 600-25. The first gun is fired with the firstnote of the music. The detachment firing thesalute rejoins its unit after the salute is fired.Use of the gun salute is limited to special cere-monial occasions when it is desired to stage anespecially impressive ceremony.

123. Inspectiona. On completion of the presentation and hon-

ors, the reviewing officer and his party move for-ward and halt 6 steps in front of the post of thecommander of troops. The two exchange salutes.Their staffs do not salute. The commander oftroops then guides the reviewing party aroundthe formation, beginning with the unit on theright of the line, passing in front of the line andthen around the rear of the formation. In divi-sion size reviews, the reviewing party passesbetween the line of regimental commander andstaffs and the line of battalion commanders andstaffs. For regimental size reviews, the reviewing

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party passes between the line of battalion com-manders and company commanders. In reviewsfor a battalion or for units of similar size, theinspecting officer passes between the front rankof troops and' the line of company commanders.The commander of troops and the local command-er march to the right of the reviewing officer.They are followed by the staffs of the commanderof troops, of the local commander (if present),and of the reviewing officer. Each staff followsits own commander in column of files. If thecommander of troops directs his staff not -toaccompany him, the senior staff officer gives thestaff at ease after the reviewing party hasdeparted and commands attention prior to thereturn of the reviewing party.

b. The reviewing officer may direct that hisstaff, flag, and orderlies remain at the post of thereviewing officer so that only his personal staffand flag accompany him.

c. When the inspection is made in motorvehicles, the reviewing party enters the vehlicleswhich drive up to the post of the reviewing officerafter completion of the honors. In each vehicle,one seat on the right side (the side away from thetroops during inspection) is left vacant. Thevehicles move to the post of the commander oftroops and stop. The commander of troops ex-changes salutes with the reviewing officer, entersthe reviewing officer's vehicle, and occupies thevacant seat. His staff officers occupy the vacantseats in the remaining vehicles. The orderlies andflag bearer remain at their posts. The vehicles

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proceed on the route of inspection as alreadydescribed.

d. As the reviewing party approaches, eachcompany commander or battalion commander(when the battalion is in mass formation) com-mands attention and eyes right. The guidonbearer executes present guidon (par. 60). Thecompany commanders and platoon leaders executeeyes right and give the hand salute. All troopsturn their heads and eyes to the right. As soonas the reviewing officer comes into their line ofvision, they follow him with their eyes, turningtheir heads, until he reaches their front. At thispoint, the head and eyes of each man remain fixedto the front. The company commander commandsORDER, ARMS, so that he and the platoon leadersterminate their salutes and the guidon bearercomes to order guidon when the heads and eyesof the troops reach the front. When the troopsare standing at ease, each company or massedunit is brought to attention as the reviewingparty approaches. They remain at attention dur-ing the remainder of the inspection, except thatfor division size reviews, each unit may be givenat ease after the reviewing party has passed by,and again brought to attention as the reviewingparty approaches the rear of the unit.

e. The band of an organization plays until theinspection by the reviewing officer is completed.

f. The reviewing officer and those accompany-ing him salute the color only when passing infront of it.

g. The reviewing officer makes such generalinspection of the command as he may desire while

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passing around the troops. A detailed inspectionis not a part of a review ceremony.

h. The commander of troops salutes and haltsafter passing around the line and arriving at theright of the band, unless he is in a vehicle. Thereviewing officer returns the salute and proceedswith his staff to his post. The commander oftroops and his staff move directly to their postsfacing the reviewing officer. When the inspectingparty is in motor vehicles, a stop is made at thepost of the commander of troops, where the com-mander of troops dismounts, exchanges saluteswith the reviewing officer, and returns to his post.The members of his staff dismount and return totheir posts at the same time. The vehicles thenproceed to the post of the reviewing officer, wherethe members of the reviewing party dismountand return to their posts.

124. Decoration and Awardsa. A review ordinarily is held on occasions of

the presentation of decorations or of the decora-tion of the colors.

b. After the reviewing officer has inspectedthe troops and resumed his post, the commanderof troops, from his own post, commands or signalsby prearranged signal: PERSONS TO BE DECORATEDAND ALL COLORS, CENTER, MARCH. At the com-mand MARCH, persons to be decorated and allcolors move by the most direct route and taketheir posts as follows:

(1) The persons to be decorated take posi-tions as a single rank in the front andcenter of the command and 10 steps in

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front of the line of company comman-ders. They line up according to the rankof the decorations to be conferred, high-est ranking decoration on the right.Those receiving similar decorations takeposition according to their military rankwithin each decoration group.

(2) The colors to be decorated are placed ina single rank five steps in front of thecenter of the line of persons to be deco-rated. They are alined in groups accord-ing to the rank of decoration to bebestowed, the highest ranking decorationon the right.

(3) All other colors with the color guardsare alined in a single rank five stepsback of the center of the persons to bedecorated. They take the same relativepositions as their locations in thecommand.

(4) The staff of the commander of troopsunder command of the senior staff offi-cer, executes right face and moves to theright far enough to provide clearancefor the colors and persons to be deco-rated. The staff then halts and executesleft face.

(5) The commander of troops take his postfive steps in front of the center of theleading element. When the staff hascleared the necessary line of march, thecommander of troops commands FOR-WARD, MARCH. At the command

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MARCH, the commander of troops, thepersons to be decorated, and the colorsadvance, the band playing. The com-mander of troops marches directlytoward the reviewing officer. The guideis center in all ranks. When the com-mander of troops has reached a pointten steps from the reviewing officer, hehalts the group with the commandDETACHMENT, HALT. He then salutesthe reviewing officer and reports, "Sir,the persons (colors) to be decorated arepresent." The reviewing officer returnsthe salute and directs that the commandbe presented.

(6) The commander of troops passes aroundthe right flank of the persons or colorsto be decorated and proceeds directly tohis post. On reaching his post, he bringsthe troops to present arms, faces about,and salutes, his staff saluting with him.If the national anthem has not beenplayed as part of the honors, the band(field music) then plays the nationalanthem (or To The Color). On com-pletion of the music, or after a slightpause if the national anthem is notplayed, the commander of troops and hisstaff terminate their salute, and thecommander of troops brings the troopsto order arms and has them stand atease. The persons to be decorated saluteat the first note of the national anthem

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(or To The Color) and terminate thesalute at the last note.

(7) The reviewing officer, accompanied byhis staff or certain members of his staff,advances by the most direct route to theright flank of the line of persons orcolors to be decorated. A staff officerreads the individual citations when thereviewing officer approaches each indi-vidual. The staff officer pauses betweenreading citations to permit the review-ing officer to pin the medal on the leftbreast pocket of the individual or fastenthe streamer on the staff of the guidonor colors. -As the reviewing officerapproaches the guidon to be decorated,the guidon bearer executes present armsso the reviewing officer may fasten thestreamer. He executes order guidonafter the guidon has been decorated.Color bearers lower the colors to bedecorated far enough for the reviewingofficer to fasten the streamer. The colorbearer gathers the colors around thestaff so they cannot touch the ground.He resumes the carry after the colorshave been decorated. When the lastaward has been presented, the review-ing party returns to its position in thereviewing stand and directs the com-mander of troops to march the commandin review. At this time, the senior per-son decorated moves the persons deco-

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rated to a position in line with and sixsteps to the left of the reviewing party.The colors return to their posts by themost direct route. The commander oftroops moves to the right to allow thecolors to move in the most direct routeto their post. After the colors havepassed, he returns to his original posi-tion. The staff of the commander oftroops then returns to its originalposition.

125. March in Reviewa. When the reviewing party is again in place

after the inspection of the troops, or when thecolors and staff have resumed their posts, thecommander of troops commands PASS INREVIEW.

b. At the command PASS IN REVIEW, theband is faced to the right and marches to a posi-tion that enables it to move straight out on theroute of march without changing direction. Ifthe band is not out of the way, the unit on theright may run into it. The commander of theunit next to the band gives the necessary com-mands to put the troops in march in the forma-tion designated for the review. The band startsto play and marches forward at the command ofexecution, given by the commander of the unitnext to the band. Other units move out in suc-cession and follow in column at the prescribeddistance.

c. The band and each unit change direction atthe points indicated in figure 57. When the units

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are in mass formation, the commander of eachformation (company or battalion) in turn com-mands LEFT TURN, MARCH; FORWARD, MARCH,at each change of direction.

d. The regimental and battalion commanders,other than the commander of troops, move intoposition in the column at the head of their troopsjust before the turn on the reviewing line.

e. The commander of troops and his staff takeposition 12 steps in front of the band after theband has turned on the reviewing line.

f. The commander of troops and the regimentaland battalion commanders salute and execute eyesright when they arrive 6 steps from the front ofthe reviewing officer. They end the salute whentheir staffs have passed 6 steps beyond the frontof the reviewing officer. Members of their staffssalute with them. The reviewing officer returnstheir salute. Other members of the reviewingparty do not salute.

g. After saluting the reviewing officer, thecommander of troops turns out of the column andtakes his post on the right side of the reviewingofficer. The members of his staff accompany himand take their posts on the corresponding side ofthe -reviewing officer's staff. When -the rear ele-ment of his command has passed, the commanderof troops faces the reviewing officer and salutes.The reviewing officer faces to the right andreturns the salute. Then, accompanied by hisstaff, the commander of troops rejoins the com-mand or dismisses his staff.

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h. When the person reviewing the command isnot mounted in a vehicle, the commander oftroops and his staff (if mounted), turn out ofthe column after passing the reviewing stand anddismount preparatory to taking post. In suchcases, the commander of troops salutes thereviewing person before remounting and beforerejoining his command.

i. When the commander of troops and his staffare in vehicles, the vehicles are parked on theside of the reviewing officer toward the directionof march and behind the lines occupied by thereviewing officer, the commander of troops, andtheir staffs.

i. When the reviewing officer is entitled tohonors (AR 600-25) and the review is heldbefore retreat, the drum major of the band, whensix steps from the reviewing officer causes theband to interrupt the march while the field music(or trumpet section of the band) renders theprescribed ruffles and flourishes only. The band-master and drum major execute and end theirsalutes at the point prescribed for the othercommanders. Each band, when it has passed thereviewing officer, executes left turn three timesto take a position in front of and facing thereviewing officer and at least 12 steps from theleft flank of the marching troops. It continuesto play until the band following it nears the postof the reviewing officer. The band then ceasesplaying, executes a left turn, and leaves the field,marching parallel to the troops that have passed

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the reviewing officer. The band following beginsplaying as soon as the preceding band has ceased.

k. In large commands, two bands may remainalongside each other after they have turned outof column to alternate in playing while the troopspass in review. Bands may be massed and postedas directed by the commander of troops.

1. When only one band is present, it remainsin position facing the reviewing officer until thereview has ended. It then follows behind the lastunit.

m. Troops march in review with the guide onthe right. Each company commander (or thesenior company commander when the battalionis in mass formation), without turning his body,commands EYES, RIGHT; READY, FRONT. Hegives the command RIGHT when he is 6 stepsfrom the front of the reviewing officer, andFRONT when the last rank of the unit has clearedthe reviewing officer by 6 steps. In each companyor mass formation, all troops except the rightflank men execute eyes right without saluting.

n. At the command EYES, RIGHT, the companycommanders and platoon leaders execute eyesright and give the hand salute. The guidonbearers execute present guidon and eyes right.

o. All end the salute at the command FRONT.The guidons are returned to the carry.

p. The reviewing party and all spectatorssalute the colors as they pass by. When the colorspass between the band halted and the reviewingparty, the band interrupts the march, soundsruffles and flourishes only, depending on the rank

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of the reviewing officer, and resumes the march.As the color guard passes the reviewing officer,each man of the color guard except the rightflank man, executes eyes right at the command ofthe senior color sergeant. When the grade of thereviewing officer entitles him to the honor, theregimental or separate battalion color salutes.

126. Retreat

a. When a review is held at retreat, honorsare given the reviewing officer as outlined inparagraph 122. At the completion of honors, thetroops are brought to order arms and parade rest.The commander of troops then commands orsignals SOUND RETREAT to the band or fieldmusic. He then faces the reviewing officer, andhe and his staff stand at parade rest. At the con-clusion of retreat, the commander of troops facesthe troops and brings them to attention and pre-sent arms. He then faces the reviewing officer.At this time either the national anthem or To TheColor is played. If the national anthem has beenused as part of-honors for a reviewing officer, orif decorations and awards are scheduled, thenTo The Color is played after retreat is sounded.When the ceremony is held on an army post, thegun is fired at the last note of retreat, and as thenational anthem (or To The Color) is played, theflag is lowered in the manner prescribed in SR840-10-1 and FM 26-5.

b. The commander of troops salutes at the firstnote of the national anthem or To The Color. Hisstaff, the reviewing officer and his staff, and allmilitary spectators salute at the same time. The

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salute is held until the last note of the music.The commander of troops, on ending his salute,faces the troops and brings them to order arms.The ceremony then proceeds with an inspectionand decorations and awards (if scheduled), andmarch in review.

c. If the reviewing officer has not arrived at hispost by the scheduled time for retreat, the com-mander of troops proceeds with the retreat cere-mony. He then presents the command afterretreat and upon the arrival of the reviewingofficer at his post.

d. Honors are not rendered between retreatand reveille, on Sundays, or on national holidays(except Memorial and Independence Days)unless, in the discretion of the officer directingthe honors, the occasion requires an exception.The person or persons will be honored at thefirst available opportunity thereafter.

Section II. PARADES

127. Generala. A battalion or regimental parade is an alter-

nate and more formal ceremony than a review(par. 119).

b. The appearance and movement of troops information are the primary considerations in aparade.

c. Preparation for a parade is similar to thatfor a review. The organization of troops for aparade is also similar to that for a review. Thedistance between the troops and the commanderfor parade formations is greater than that for

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a review as the troop commander is also thereviewing officer.

128. Ceremonial Battalion Paradea. After the battalion has been formed and

alined in one of the previously described forma-tions (fig. 56) and the guides have taken theirposts, the adjutant, before presenting the bat-talion to the battalion commander, commandsPARADE REST. When the troops have executedparade rest, he commands SOUND OFF. Theadjutant and the battalion commander, with hisstaff, stand at parade rest during the playing ofsound off, the marching by of the band, and thesounding of retreat.

b. At the command SOUND OFF, the band, inplace, plays three chords. At the conclusion ofthe third chord it moves forward, playing amarch in quick time. It executes left turns tomarch across the front of the troops, midwaybetween the adjutant and the line of troops.When the band has passed the left of the line, itcountermarches and returns over the sameground to the right of the line. After it haspassed beyond the right of the troops, it executesright turn. When the entire band has passedbeyond the front rank of the troops, it againcountermarches and halts in its original position.When the band finishes the march, it again playsthe Sound Off.

c. -At an evening parade, immediately after thecompletion of Sound Off, the field music playsRetreat, and the retreat ceremony described inparagraph 126 follows. The -adjutant brings -the

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troops to attention and to present arms at thelast note of retreat. When all the troops havecome to present arms, he faces the battalion com-mander and salutes. The battalion commanderand the battalion staff salute at the first note ofthe national anthem (or To The Color), and endtheir salute at the last note.

d. At the completion of the national anthem(or To The Color) with the troops still at presentarms, the adjutant again salutes the battalioncommander and reports, "Sir, the parade isformed." The battalion commander orders, "Takeyour post." The adjutant passes by the battalioncommander's right and takes his post on theright side of the staff.

e. The battalion commander then commandsORDER ARMS, and gives such movements in themanual of arms as he may desire. Officers, non-commissioned officers commanding platoons, thecolor guard, and the guidon bearers, having onceexecuted order arms, remain in that positionduring the movements of the manual of arms.

f. The battalion commander then directs theadjutant, "Receive the report." The adjutant,passing by the battalion commander's right,advances toward the center of the battalion, haltsmidway between it and the battalion commander,and commands REPORT.

g. At the command REPORT, the companycommanders. in succession from the right, saluteand report, " Company, All present oraccounted for." The adjutant returns each com-pany commander's salute after the report is madeand understood.

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h. After receiving the reports, the adjutantfaces the battalion commander salutes, andreports, "Sir, all present or accounted for."

i. The battalion commander then directs, "Pub-lish the orders." The adjutant faces the troopsand commands ATTENTION TO ORDERS. Hepublishes the orders and then commands OFFI-CERS, CENTER, MARCH. He then faces about andtakes his post with the battalion commander.

j. At the command OFFICERS, guidon bearersexecute carry guidon.

k. At the command CENTER, when companiesare in line, company commanders, officers com-manding platoons, and guidon bearers face to thecenter. When companies are in mass formation,company commanders and guidon bearers face tothe center. Officers commanding platoons moveone step forward and face to the center. Officers,second in command, move through the intervalnearest to the center and take their posts in thecolumn formed by the platoon leaders.

1. At the command MARCH, the band plays;officers and guidon bearers close to the center;halt and individually face to the front; companycommanders, when moving to the center, obliqueto the front and close on a line four steps inadvance of the line of guidon bearers. The guidonbearers close on their own line, each taking hispost in rear of his own company commander. Allother officers close on the line of platoon leaders.

m. The officers and guidon bearers havingclosed and faced to the front, the senior officercommands FORWARD, MARCH. The center officer

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of the leading rank is the guide. The officers andguidon bearers are halted with the leading rank6 steps from the battalion commander. Theysalute the battalion commander, who returns thesalute. The command, READY, TWO is given bythe battalion commander or senior company com-mander for the termination of the salute. Theguidon bearers execute carry guidon at the sametime.

n. The movements are executed at quick timeto assure simultaneous execution by the officersand guidon bearers.

o. The battalion commander gives such instruc-tion as he deems necessary and then (inquick time cadence) commands OFFICERS, POSTS,MARCH.

p. At the command POSTS, all officers andguidon bearers face about.

q. At the command MARCH, they step off. Thecenter officer of the leading rank is the guide.

r. The senior officer commands OFFICERS,HALT. He halts the leading rank -6 steps fromthe line of companies when companies are in lineand 3 steps from the line of companies when theyare in mass formation. He then commands POSTS,MARCH.

s. At the command POSTS, the officers andguidon bearers face outward.

t. At the command MARCH, the officers stepoff in succession at 4-step intervals and resumetheir posts. The guidon bearers step off withtheir company commanders. On resuming their-posts, -the guidon -bearers execute order guidon.

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The music ceases when the last officer has takenhis post. On resuming their posts, the officersand guidon bearers remain facing the troops andface about simultaneously at the command ofthe company commander. Executive officers taketheir posts without command.

u. During the execution of officers center andofficers post, except when saluting, all guidonbearers remain at carry guidon.

v. The battalion commander then gives thecommand for the battalion to pass in review. Thebattalion passes in review on the commands andin the manner prescribed for a review. When thelast company has passed, the ceremony isconcluded.

w. The band continues to play while the com-panies are in march on the parade ground. Afterpassing in review, the companies are marched totheir respective areas and dismissed.

129. Ceremonial Regimental Paradea. The regiment ordinarily is formed in line

of battalions in mass formation (fig. 57). Theparade is the same as the ceremonial battalionparade (par. 128) with the following exceptions:

(1) "Regimental commander" is substi-tuted for "battalion commander," and"regiment," for "battalion," in thedescription.

(2) In moving across the front of the regi-ment, the band passes midway betweenthe adjutant and the line of battalioncommanders.

b. The battalions execute present arms, order

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arms, parade rest, and come to attention at thecommand of execution of their respective com-manders as described in paragraph 120. Reportsare made by the battalion instead of companycommanders.

c. At the command MARCH, of the commandOFFICERS, CENTER, MARCH, the battalion com-manders and their staffs close on the line of bat-talion commanders and staffs. The companycommanders oblique to the front and close on aline 4 steps in rear of the battalion staffs. Theguidon bearers oblique to the front and close ona line 4 steps back of the company commanders.The other officers oblique to the front and closeon a line 4 steps back of the guidon bearers.

130. Street Parade

a. For street parades, the troops are formedand marched in the most convenient manner.Street parades may include transportation. Eithertowed or transported weapons add to the effectof a street parade. Cargo vehicles are includedonly when it is desired to increase the size of thedisplay.

b. Practical formations for street paradesare-

(1) Column of threes or fours.(2) Two or more columns of threes or fours

abreast.(3) Mass formation.

c. The vehicles move in single column or col-umn of twos, threes, or fours as the street widthpermits.

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d. In long street parades, the rifles may becarried slung over the right shoulder.

SECTION III. ESCORTS AND HONOR GUARDS

131. Escorts of the Colora. When the regiment is in line, the regimental

commander details a company to receive andescort the national color to its place. For thisceremony, the regimental color forms with thecolor guard at its post with the regiment.

b. The band moves straight to its front untilclear of the line of battalion commanders, changesdirection if necessary, and halts. The designatedcompany takes position in column of threes (orfours) 15 steps back of the band, with the colorbearer back of the leading platoon. The escortthen is marched without music to the regimentalcommander's office or quarters and is formed inline facing the entrance. The color bearer, pre-ceded by the senior lieutenant and followed by asergeant of the escort, obtains the color.

c. When the color bearer returns, followed bythe lieutenant and the sergeant, he halts beforethe entrance facing the escort. The officer placeshimself on the right and the sergeant on the leftof the color bearer. The company commanderbrings the company to present arms, and thefield music sounds To The Color. At the last noteof the music, the company commander brings thecompany to order arms. The lieutenant and thesergeant salute and end their salute at the com-mands of the company commander and return totheir posts.

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d. The company again is formed in column, theband taking post in front of the column and thecolor bearer placing himself in the center of thespace in rear of the leading platoon. The escortthen is marched back to the regiment, the bandplaying. The march is conducted so that theescort arrives at a point about 50 steps in frontof the right of the regiment and then moves par-allel to its front. The regimental commandertakes his post in front of the center of the regi-ment. When,the color arrives opposite the regi-mental commander, the escort is formed in linefacing the regiment. The color bearer moves toa position 6 steps in front of the regimental com-mander and halts.

e. The regimental commander then faces thetroops and brings the regiment to present arms.He then faces the color and salutes. The fieldmusic sounds To The Color. When the field musicends, he terminates his salute, faces the troopsand brings them to the order. Following the com-mands of the regimental commander, the escortis brought to present arms and order arms by itscommander. When the troops have been broughtto the order, the color bearer moves to his postbeside the regimental color bearer. The escort isfaced to the right and, preceded by the band, ismarched to its place in line, moving around theleft flank and back of the regiment. The bandplays until the escort has passed the left of theline. It then returns to its post on the right,moving behind the regiment. The regiment may

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be given the command REST after the escortpasses to the left of the line.

f. Escort of the color is executed by a battalionin a manner similar to that of the regiment.

132. Honor Guardsa. Honor guards are employed to render to per-

sons of high civilian or military rank, uponarrival and or departure from a military com-mand, the personal honors to which these indi-viduals are entitled. Honors are not renderedbetween retreat and reveille (AR 600-25).

b. Honor guards of battalion size (two or morecompanies) are generally limited to personagesentitled to a salute of 17 or more guns (AR 600-25). The number of troops detailed should notbe so large as to compromise the high militarystandards expected of honor guards. Honorguards will wear the prescribed uniform of theArmy without nonregulation embellishments.

c. The commander of the installation being vis-ited, or his representative, is the host and takespart in the ceremony as described herein. He isbriefed on the sequence of events so that he canadvise the personage to be honored of actions tobe taken during the ceremony.

d. Prior to the arrival of the personage, thehonor guard is formed in line of companies orplatoons with the colors centered. The band takesposition to the right of and in line with the honorguard. If a saluting battery is present, its usewill be governed by the provisions of paragraph,11lb(3) and (4),AR 600-25.

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e. Upon the first' approach of the personage,the commander of troops brings the honor guardto attention. The host welcomes the personage onarrival and escorts him to the receiving line (ifthere is one) where greetings are exchanged. Atthe conclusion of the greetings, the host escortsthe personage to a position 10 steps in front ofand facing the commander of troops and takesposition on his guest's left. When the personageand accompanying persons have halted in theirpositions, the commander of troops brings thehonor guard to present arms and salutes. If thecommander of troops has a staff, the staff saluteswith the commander.

f. As the commander of troops executes thehand salute, the band begins the appropriatehonors. If a firing battery is employed, the firstround is fired simultaneously with the first noteof the music and remaining rounds are fired atthree-second intervals. All military personnel inthe vicinity of the honor guard formation, exceptthose on security duty, salute during the firing ofthe cannon salute and the rendering of honors(AR 600-25).

g. On completion of the honors, the commanderof troops gives ORDER, ARMS, salutes, and re-ports, "Sir, the honor guard is formed." Staffsdo not salute at this time.

h. If the personage does not desire to inspectthe honor guard, the honor guard remains atattention until the personage departs., i. If the personage indicates that he will in-spect the honor guard, the commander of troops

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takes a position to his right and guides himthrough the inspection. The host takes a positionto the right of the commander of troops. Theband plays appropriate music until the inspectionis completed.

j. The inspection begins at the right front ofthe band. The inspecting party passes along thefront rank of troops. Ranks are not opened, nordo the individual members of the honor guardcome to inspection arms, or execute eyes right.

k. The members of the inspecting party renderhand salutes or honors when they pass in frontof the colors. When the inspecting party reachesthe left front of the honor guard, it passes aroundthe rear of the formation to a point at the rightfront of the band. When passing in rear of thecolors, salutes will not be rendered by membersof the inspecting party; however, if the visitingpersonage salutes all others will conform.

1. When the inspecting party reaches the rightfront of the band, the commander of troops halts,exchanges salutes with the personage, permitsthe personage and host to pass in front of him,and returns to his post. The host escorts the per-sonage back to the position in front of the honorguard. The commander of troops brings the honorguard to present arms. He and his staff salutethe personage, who terminates the ceremony byacknowledging the commander's salute. The com-mander of troops commands ORDER, ARMS, andhonor guard remains at attention until the per-sonage departs.

m. An honor guard ceremony upon departure

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of a personage is conducted in a manner similarto that described above. Generally, if the person-age has inspected the honor guard upon his ar-rival, the host advises him that another inspec-tion on departure is not expected.

Section IV. COLORS AND STANDARDS

133. Generala. The national and regimental flags carried by

dismounted organizations are called the "nationalcolor" and the "regimental color." The term"color" implies the national color. The term"colors" implies the national color and regimentalcolor.

b. The national and regimental flags carried bymounted or motorized organizations are calledthe "national standard" and the "regimentalstandard." The term "standard" implies the na-tional standard. The term "standards" impliesboth the national standard and the regimentalstandard.

c. In garrison, when the colors (or standards)are not in use they are kept at the office or head-quarters of the commanding officer. They areescorted to and from his quarters or office by thecolor (or standard) guard. In camp, when thecolors (or standards) are not in use, they are dis-played in front of the commanding officer's tent.When the weather permits, they are displayeduncased from reveille to retreat. From retreatto reveille and during inclement weather, they arecased and placed in the commanding officer'soffice, quarters, or tent.

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d. The colors (or standards) are cased whenthey are furled and placed within protectivecovering.

e. The colors (or standards) may be carried inany formation in which two or more companiesparticipate and in escorts, when ordered.

f. In separate organizations and commands en-titled to colors (or standards) and in battalionsnot stationed with their regimental headquarters,the colors (or standards) are similarly cared forand displayed at the office, quarters, or tent ofthe commanding officer.

g. The battalions stationed with their regimen-tal headquarters do not display the colors (orstandards) of their organizations.

h. At regimental formations, the colors (orstandards) are posted with the regiment. Whenthe regimental formation is broken up, as in drillor field exercises, the colors (or standards) jointhe regimental commander or are dismissed asdirected.

i. The manual for individual colors and distin-guishing flags for general officers is the same asthat for organizational colors. Salutes by suchcolors or flags are executed from the carry as pre-scribed for a regimental color.

j. The national color (or standard) renders nosalute.

134. Salutes by Regimental Color (or Standard)

a. The regimental color (or standard) salutesin military ceremonies while the national anthemor To The Color is being played and when render-

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ing honors to its regimental commander or to anindividual of higher rank, but in no other case.

b. When marching, the regimental color (orstandard) salutes when 6 steps from the front ofthe person entitled to the salute. It resumes thecarry when 6 steps beyond him.

c. When passing in review, the color (or stand-ard) guard executes eyes right at the prescribedsaluting distance upon the command of the seniorsergeant. The commands are: EYES, RIGHT; andREADY, FRONT. When the grade of the reviewingofficer entitles him to the honor, the regimentalcolor (or standard) salutes at the commandRIGHT and resumes the carry at the commandFRONT. The man on the right flank of the colorguard does not execute eyes right. In those or-ganizations which do not execute eyes right inpassing in review, the standard guard omits thiscompliment. Where applicable, the regimentalstandard salutes at the command of the senior,who commands STANDARD, SALUTE. The returnto the carry is made at the command CARRY,STANDARD.

135. Color Guard

a. The color guard consists of two sergeantsand two experienced privates selected by the regi-mental commander. Usually they are men withlong and honorable service who have an excep-tionally soldierly appearance. A position on thecolor guard is one of honor. Members of the colorguard, when not engaged in the performance oftheir duties, join their organizations. The seniorsergeant carries the national color and commands

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the color guard. He gives the necessary com-mands for the movements and for rendering thecolors. The regimental color is placed on the leftof the national color.

b. When battalions carry the color, a sergeantacts as color bearer and two experienced privatesselected by the battalion commander act as mem-bers of the color guard. The general rules pre-scribed for the regimental color guard are appli-cable to the battalion.

c. The color guard is formed and marched inone rank at close interval, the color bearers inthe center. The color guard does not execute tothe rear march, about face, or fix bayonets.

d. At the command of the senior sergeant, theprivates of the color guard present arms, or ifarmed with the pistol, execute the hand salute onreceiving and parting with the colors. After hav-ihg parted with the colors, the guard is broughtto order arms by command of the senior remain-ing member who is placed as the right flank manof the guard.

e. Having received the colors, the senior ser-geant conducts the guard to its proper positionbefore the color company. Having parted withthe colors, the guard is dismissed by the seniorsergeant.

f. At drills and ceremonies in which the colorsare to participate, except escort of the color, thecolors are received by the color company beforethe formation of the battalion. The color com-pany receives the colors as follows: The colorcompany is formed, its commander facing the

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front. The color guard, guided by the senior ser-geant, approaches from the front and halts at adistance of 10 steps from -the company com-mander. The company commander then faces hiscompany and brings it to present arms, faces thecolors, and salutes. He then faces his companyand brings it to order arms. The privates of thecolor guard execute present and order arms withthe color company. The color guard then ismarched by the senior sergeant directly to itspost. It takes its post on the left when the com-pany is in line or mass and in rear when thecompany is in column. When the color companyjoins the battalion, the color guard takes its ap-propriate post in the battalion formation. Whenthe color battalion joins the regiment, the colorguard takes its appropriate post in the regimentalformation.

g. When in formation, the color guard executesat ease and rest with the color company, keepingthe pikes of the colors vertical. It executes rightshoulder, order, and present arms with the colorcompany, but remains at order during executionof the manual of arms.

h. During an inspection, the color guard doesnot come to the position of inspection arms as theinspecting officers approach, nor do the inspectingofficers actually inspect the color guard's weapons.

i. When it is desired to dismiss the color guardat the conclusion of a drill or ceremony, it pro-ceeds from its position and halts 10 steps in frontof and facing the commander of the color com-pany. The company presents arms. The color

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guard then escorts the colors to the office, quar-ters, or tent of the commanding officer. The colorguard is dismissed from organizations smallerthan a company (funeral escort) in a similarmanner.

j. In-a campaign, before an engagement of theregiment, the colors are stored as directed by thecommanding officer.

k. After the playing of the national anthem orTo The Color, during the presentation of decora-tions and awards, the troops are brought to orderarms. On this command, by the commander oftroops, the color guard returns to the position ofright shoulder arms.

136. Movement of the Color Guard to the Rear,Right or Left

a. To face the color guard to the rear (fig. 60),the command is COLORS, REVERSE, MARCH. Atthe command MARCH, each man steps off simul-taneously and executes the following movements:Number I takes 2 steps forward, faces to the leftin marching, takes one full step and 3 half steps,faces to the left in marching, and takes 2 stepsin the new direction. Number 2 faces to the leftin marching, and faces to the left while markingtime. Number 3 takes one step forward, faces tothe right in marching, takes 2 half steps, facesto the right in marching, and takes one step inthe new direction. Number 4 takes one step for-ward, faces to the right in marching, takes onefull step and 3 half steps, faces to the right inmarching, and takes one step in the new direc-tion. Numbers 2, 3, and 4 mark time after com-

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I FULL STEP a 3 HALF STEPS

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2 HALF STEPS

LEGEND:

X COLOR GUARDS

I UNIT COLORS

NATIONAL COLORS

ORIGINAL DIRECTION

NEW DIRECTION

Figure 60. Movement of the color guard to the rear.

pleting their movements until all men are abreast,then step off together or halt as the case may be.

b. The color guard faces to the right (left) byexecuting a right (left) turn and inclining to theleft (right) until they are centered on the ele-ment to their front.

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137. Position of the Color at the Order

At the order, rest the heel of the pike on theground and touching the outside of your rightfootgear opposite the ball of your right foot. Withyour right hand at a convenient place on the pike,clasp it with your thumb, back of your hand tothe right, and hold it in a vertical position.

138. Position of the Color at the Carry

At the carry, rest the heel of the pike in thesocket of the sling, grasp the pike with your righthand at shoulder height, with the pike inclinedslightly to the front.

139. Position of the Color at Parade Rest

a. Execute parade rest with the color similarto parade rest with the rifle, but keep the pikevertical.

b. Resume the order at the command AT-TENTION.

c. Execute the order and parade rest with thecolor company.

140. Position of Regimental Colors at Color Salute

Assume this position from the carry by slip-ping your right hand up the pike to the heightof your eyes, then lowering the pike by straight-ening your arm to the front. When the regi-mental color salutes with troops who execute pre-sent arms from the order, assume the position ofcarry at the command ARMS, and then executethe color salute.

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Section V. FUNERALS

141. General

a. Military funerals are divided into the threefollowing classes:

(1) With chapel service, followed by themarch to the grave or place of local dis-position with the prescribed escort.

(2) Without chapel service, the funeral pro-cession forming at the entrance to (orat a point within a reasonable distanceto) the cemetery.

(3) With only graveside-services.b. A full military funeral normally consists of

the following elements:(1) Band.(2) Escort appropriate to the grade of the

deceased, including firing squad andbugler (AR 600-25).

(3) Colors.(4) Clergy.(5) Caisson and active pallbearers.(6) Caparisoned horse (if the deceased was

mounted).(7) Honorary pallbearers.

c. The services of an Army chaplain are pro-vided unless the family (or its representative) ofthe deceased requests some other clergyman toofficiate. A civilian clergyman' may be substitutedfor or act in conjunction with the Army chaplain.The desires of the family are given the fullestconsideration possible in the selection of elements

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involved, but the funeral is conducted as pre-scribed in this manual.

d. The commanding officers or his representa-tive assists in making the funeral arrangementsand supervises the conduct of the funeral.

e. When honorary pallbearers are desired, theyare selected by the family of the deceased or itsrepresentative, or when the family or its repre-sentatives so desires, by the commanding officer.

f. At a military funeral, all persons in the mili-tary service in uniform attending in their indi--vidual capacity will face the casket and executethe hand salute at any time when the casket isbeing moved, while the casket is being loweredinto the grave, during the firing of the volley, andwhile taps are being sounded. Honorary pall-bearers in uniform will conform to these instruc-tions when not in motion. Military personnel ijncivilian clothes, in the above cases and during theservice at the grave, will stand at "attention,"uncovered, and hold the headdress over the leftbreast. During the prayer, all personnel will bowtheir heads.

g. When arms are presented at the militaryfuneral of a person entitled to personal honors,the prescribed ruffles and flourishes are sounded:This is followed immediately by the nationalanthem (To The Color), or the march prescribedfor the grade of the deceased, except when armsare presented at the close of the benediction atthe grave (AR 600-25).

h. The word "chapel" is interpreted to include

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the church, home, or other place where servicesare held, exclusive of the service at the grave.

i. The word "casket" is interpreted to includethe receptacle containing the cremated remainsof the deceased.

142. Funeral With Chapel Servicea. Before the beginning of the service, the

funeral escort is formed in line facing the chapel.The band forms on the flank toward which it isto march.

b. Members of the immediate family, relatives,and friends of the deceased are requested to enterthe chapel and be seated before the casket is takenin. Members of the immediate family and rela-tives occupy front seats on the right of the chapel.

c. The conveyance bearing the remains to thechapel should arrive in front of the chapel a fewmoments before the time set for the service. Sincethe casket normally is covered with the nationalcolors, the escort is called to attention and theescort commander salutes as the conveyancepasses. When all is in readiness to move thecasket into the chapel, the commander of theescort brings the escort to PRESENT, ARMS. Atthe command ARMS, the band renders honors,if appropriate, followed by a hymn. At the firstnote of the hymn, the casket is removed fromthe conveyance by the active pallbearers andcarried between the ranks of honorary pall-bearers, if present, into the chapel. As soon asthe casket enters the chapel, the band ceases toplay. The escort then is brought to the orderand given at ease.

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d. When honorary pallbearers are present, theyare formed in two ranks, each facing the other,forming an aisle from the conveyance to theentrance of the chapel. At the first note of themusic, and while the casket is being bornebetween the ranks of honorary pallbearers, theyuncover or salute as prescribed in paragraph 141.They then follow the casket in column of twosand occupy pews to the left front.

e. When the casket has been placed upon thechurch truck, the active pallbearers form behindthe honorary pallbearers and are seated behindthem. When there are no honorary pallbearers,the active pallbearers follow the casket in columnof twos and occupy the pews to the left front.

f. The funeral director (or in his absence, thechaplain's assistant) moves the church truck aspreviously arranged by the chaplain. If thereis no church truck, the active pallbearers carrythe casket as instructed by the chaplain beforethe service.

g. After the chapel service, the active pall-bearers follow the honorary pallbearers or, if nohonorary pallbearers are present, they follow thechaplain in column of two as the casket is movedto the entrance of the chapel. The honorary pall-bearers again form an aisle from the entranceof the chapel to the caisson or hearse and uncoveror salute as prescribed. When the casket has beenplaced on the caisson, they enter their convey-ances. When marching, they form columns offiles on each side of the caisson, the leading mem-

211

ber of each column opposite the front wheels ofthe caisson.

h. The casket, followed by the family group,is moved to the entrance immediately behind thehonorary pallbearers and active pallbearers. Assoon as the honorary pallbearers have taken theirpositions, the active pallbearers carry the casketto the caisson and form in column of twos behindit. If the honorary pallbearers do not march, theactive pallbearers form files on each side of thecaisson, the leading member of each columnopposite the front wheels of the caisson. Thefamily group remains at the chapel entrance untilthe honorary pallbearers have broken ranks toenter their conveyances or have taken their posi-tions at the caisson. 'The members of the familygroup then are guided to their conveyances.

i. When the casket appears at the entrance ofthe chapel at the conclusion of the service, thefuneral escort and band repeat the procedure asprescribed for entering the chapel. The bandceases playing, and the escort is brought to theorder when the casket has been secured to thecaisson.

j. The procession is then formed in the follow-ing order:

(1) Band.(2) Escort, including colors, firing squad,

and bugler.(3) Honorary pallbearers, if riding in cars.(4) Clergy.(5) Caisson and honorary pallbearers, if

walking.

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(6) Active pallbearers.(7) Caparisoned horse, if the deceased was

mounted.(8) Family.(9) Patriotic or fraternal organizations.(10) Friends.

k. When the procession has been formed, theband and escort are put in march by the escortcommander. The elements in rear conform. Theprocession marches slowly to solemn music. Whenthere is considerable distance from the chapel tothe grave, the escort, after leaving the chapel,may march at ease in quick time. The escort isbrought to attention in the vicinity of the grave.The band does not play while the escort ismarching at ease.

1. As the procession approaches the grave, themarching elements move directly to their pre-designated positions. The band and militaryescort are formed in line behind and facing thefoot of the grave. The other marching elementsare placed as near as practicable to the grave.The firing squad is placed so that it will not firedirectly over the mourners.

m. As soon as the caisson is halted, the hon-orary pallbearers are formed in two ranks, form-ing an aisle extending from the caisson towardthe grave. When the grave is too near the roadto permit this formation, they take their positionat the grave before the removal of the casketfrom the caisson.

n. When all is in readiness to move the casket,the escort commander commands PRESENT,

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ARMS. At the command ARMS, the band rendershonors, if appropriate, followed by a hymn. Atthe first note of the hymn, the active pallbearersremove the casket from the caisson, with thefirst note of the music, and until the last note ofTaps, military personnel attending in an individ-ual capacity and honorary pallbearers uncover orsalute as prescribed in paragraph 141.

o. Preceded by the chaplain and the cemeteryrepresentative or funeral director, the activepallbearers bear the casket between the ranks ofhonorary pallbearers to the grave and place it onthe lowering device. They remain in place facingthe casket. They raise the flag from the casketand hold it in a horizontal position, waist high,until the conclusion of Taps. As soon as thecasket has passed, the honorary pallbearers facetoward the grave and follow the casket in columnof twos, followed by the family and friends.

:p. When the casket has been placed over thegrave, the band ceases playing and the escort isbrought to the order. The commander of theescort then commands PARADE, REST. The escortexecutes parade rest with the officers and meninclining their heads.

q. When the escort has been brought to paraderest, the chaplain conducts the graveside service.At the conclusion of the benediction, he movestwo steps to the side or rear.

r. When the service has been completed, thecommander brings the escort to attention. Hethen commands: ESCORT LESS FIRING SQUAD, PRE-

SENT, ARMS; FIRING SQUAD, FIRE THREE VOL-

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LEYS. The firing party fires three volleys ofblank cartridges, assumes the position of presentarms on the command of the non-commissionedofficer in charge, and remains in this positionuntil the conclusion of Taps. At the commandARMS, the bugler takes position at the head ofthe grave and sounds Taps immediately followingthe last volley.

s. At the conclusion of Taps, the rifles of thefiring squad are locked, and the entire escort thenis brought to the order. The active pallbearersthen fold the flag as prescribed in SR 840-10-1.They do not let it touch the casket which is onthe ground. It then is handed to the superin-tendent of the cemetery or his representative fordisposition as prescribed by SR 840-10-1. Theband and escort are put in march in quick timeby the escort commander. The other elementsconform. At the first halt, the rifles of the firingsquad are unloaded and inspected.

t. On the return march, the band does not playin the immediate vicinity of the grave. In a smallcemetery, this is considered as within the ceme-tery limits. In a large cemetery, this is con-sidered as a distance from the grave so shortthat the playing would detract from the solem-nity of the occasion. Care is exercised to avoiddisturbing other funeral processions or serviceswhich may be passed on the route of march.

143. Funeral Without Chapel Services, but WithProcession and Graveside Servicea. When the escort for a military funeral forms

at or near the entrance to the cemetery, the

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officer in charge supervises the transfer of thecasket from the hearse to the caisson.

b. When honorary pallbearers are present theyare formed in a single line facing the caisson.The leading honorary pallbearer is opposite thefront wheel and on the side opposite to that onwhich the hearse is to be halted. When more than12 are present they are formed in double rank.

c. While the casket is being transferred fromthe hearse to the caisson the escort is broughtto present arms and the band plays an appro-priate air. The honorary pallbearers uncover orsalute as described in paragraph 141. During thetransfer of the casket, the family and friendsremain in their conveyances.

d. The funeral procession then is formed andproceeds as prescribed.

144. Graveside Servicea. For this type of funeral (without chapel

service) all elements of a military funeral, exceptthe caisson and caparisoned horse, are presentand used as outlined in paragraph 142. However,if troops are not conveniently available or if thefamily desires to eliminate other elements, thefollowing service is used:

(1) Clergy.(2) Active pallbearers.(3) Firing squad.(4) Bugler.

b. The military elements participating in agraveside service are in position before thearrival of the remains.

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145. Cremated Remains

a. When the remains are cremated and theashes interred with military honors, the provi-sions of paragraphs 142 through 144, with neces-sary modifications, will govern.

b. For all phases of the funeral where thecremated remains are carried by hand, one man isdetailed to carry the receptacle containing theashes. Four men are detailed as flagbearers.When the receptacle is carried from the convey-ance into the chapel, from the chapel to the con-veyance, or from the conveyance to the grave,the flagbearers follow the receptacle. The flagis folded as prescribed in SR 840-10-1 and car-ried by the leading flagbearer on the right.

c. When the receptacle has been placed on thestand before the chancel of the chapel or when itis placed in the conveyance, the flag, folded asprescribed, is placed beside the receptacle. Whenthe caisson is equipped with a casket containerfor the receptacle, the open flag is laid upon thecontainer as prescribed for a casket.

d. When no hearse or caisson is used, suitabletransportation is provided for the receptaclebearer and the flagbearers.

e. In cases where the remains are conductedto a crematory and the ashes are to be interredwith military honors at a later time, the ceremonyconsists only of the escort to the crematory.Arms are presented as the remains are borne intothe crematory. The firing of volleys and thesounding of Taps are omitted. When the funeralceremony is held at the crematory and when no

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further military honors are anticipated, the vol-leys are fired and Taps is sounded at the discre-tion of the commanding officer.

146. Ceremony Before Shipment of Remains

When the remains of a deceased officer orsoldier are moved to a railway station or otherpoint for shipment to a distant place for inter-ment or final disposition, funeral services, modi-fied as necessary, may be carried out as prescribedin paragraphs 141 through 143. When no furthermilitary honors are anticipated at the place ofinterment or final disposition, the volleys are firedand Taps sounded at the discretion of the com-manding officer. When military honors areanticipated at the place of final disposition, thefiring of volleys and the sounding of Taps areomitted.

147. Cannon Salute

a. When the funeral of a general officer on theactive or retired list who was entitled to a cannonsalute takes place at or near a military installa-tion, minute guns equal to the number to whichthe officer was entitled (AR 600-25) will be firedat noon of the day of the funeral.

b. Immediately after the remains have beenlowered into the grave (upon completion of thebenediction), a cannon salute corresponding tothe grade of the deceased (AR 600-25) will befired followed by three volleys of artillery,guns firing simultaneously, or three volleys ofmusketry.

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148. Participation of AviationWhen aviation participates in a military

funeral, it is timed so that the airplanes appearover the procession while the remains are beingborne to the grave.

149. Participation of Fraternal or PatrioticOrganizations

a. At the request of the immediate family ofthe deceased or its representative, fraternal ormilitary organizations of which the deceased wasa member may be permitted to take part in thefuneral services.

b. When the ritual is military or semimilitaryin nature, the rites begin immediately upon theconclusion of the Army religious service. Whenthe ritual contains the firing of three volleys ofmusketry and the sounding of Taps, the militaryfiring squad and bugler are used. The sounding ofTaps concludes the funeral services.

c. Nonmilitary rituals by fraternal organiza-tions are held at the conclusion of Taps. Themilitary escort is marched promptly and quietlyaway from the site of the grave at the end of themilitary ceremonies.

150. Duties of the Chaplaina. The chaplain takes his position in front of

the chapel before the arrival of the remains. Heprecedes the casket when it is borne from theconveyance into the chapel, from the chapel tothe conveyance, and from the conveyance to thegrave. While the remains are being placed onthe caisson or in the hearse, he stands uncovered

219

at the rear and to the side facing the caisson orhearse. When he is riding, his conveyance isplaced in position in front of the caisson orhearse. When he is wearing vestments, he may,at his discretion, proceed directly from the chan-cel to the sacristy (vestry) at the conclusion ofthe chapel service and divest, joining the proces-sion before its movement from the chapel.

b. When the procession is formed at theentrance to the cemetery or other point and thechapel service is omitted, he stands uncovered atthe rear and to the side facing the caisson whilethe remains are being transferred from thehearse to the caisson. In cold or inclementweather, he may remain covered except whenreading such parts of the service as require thathe be uncovered.

151. Preliminary ArrangementsThe officer in charge of a military funeral, the

commander of the escort, and the superintendentof the cemetery or his representative visit theplaces involved and make careful arrangementsbefore the time set for the funeral. They deter-mine the positions at the grave for the variouselements of the funeral, and make arrangementsfor traffic control.

152. Floral Tributesa. In the absence of a funeral director, the

officer in charge, assisted by the chaplain andsuch details as may be required, arranges allfloral tributes in the chapel and at the grave. Hecalls the commanding officer for necessary trans-

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portation for the prompt transfer of floral trib-utes from the chapel to the grave. The conveyancebearing the floral tributes is loaded promptly atthe conclusion of the chapel service. It precedesthe funeral procession, moving as rapidly aspracticable to the site of the grave. The funeralprocession does not move from the chapel untilthe conveyance carrying the floral tributes hascleared the escort.

b. The officer in charge is responsible forremoving cards and making a record that givesa brief description of the floral piece pertainingto each card. After completion of the funeralservices, the cards and records are turned overto a member of the family of the decreased.

153. General Rules for Ceremonial Firinga. For ceremonial firing, the firing squad con-

sists or not more than eight riflemen. The squadis formed in line before firing.

b. Rifles are loaded while locked.c. Except during firing, after the rifles have

been ordered loaded and locked, they remainloaded and locked without command until thecommand UNLOAD or INSPECTION, ARMS.

154. To Loada. With the unit halted in any formation, the

command is WITH BLANK CARTRIDGES, LOAD. Atthe command LOAD, each rifleman faces halfright and moves his right foot 12 inches to theright to a position that gives him a firm andsteady stance. He raises or lower the rifle, anddrops it into his left hand, grasping it at the bal-

221

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ance. His right hand is at the small of the stock,the muzzle held in the air at an angle of 450 (fig.61). He then loads his rifle as prescribed inFM 23-5.

b. For instruction in loading, the command isSIMULATE, LOAD. The movements of loading areexecuted except that the handling of the cart-ridges is simulated.

155. To UnloadBeing in any formation, the command is

UNLOAD. At the command, the position of loadis taken, and the rifle is unloaded as prescribedin FM 23-5. The chamber is closed and theejected clips are returned to the belt. The riflethen is brought to the order.

156. To Fire by Volleya. Being in the firing formation with the rifles

loaded, the command is READY, AIM, SQUAD, FIRE.For ceremonial purposes blank ammunition isused. At the command READY, it assumes theposition of load, if not already in that position.At the command AIM, the rifle is raised with bothhands to a position 450 from the horizontal, therifles resting in the palm of the left hand, thebutt placed and held firmly against the shoulder.The left hand is well under the rifle, grasping itat or in front of the balance, the right handgrasping the small of the stock. The right elbowis at the height of the shoulder. The right cheekis pressed firmly against the stock as far forwardas possible without straining. The left eye isclosed, the right eye looking over the rear sight.

223

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The safety lock of the rifle is pressed to its for-ward position with the trigger finger. (As asafety precaution, a firing squad may find itnecessary to swing the muzzle of their weapons tothe right or left from their front to avoid firingover the attendants assembled at the graveside(fig. 62). At the command FIRE, the trigger issqueezed quickly. The rifle then is lowered to theload position and reloaded.

b. To continue the firing, the command is AIM,

SQUAD, FIRE. Each command is executed asprescribed above.

c. To cease firing, the command is CEASEFIRING. Rifles not already at the position ofload are brought to that position.

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CHAPTER 10

INSPECTIONS

157. General

The company is the basic unit for inspection.Battalion, regimental, and higher commanders orinspecting officers inspect each company in itsown area, or have it march to a designated placeat a specified time for inspection. Under specialconditions, an entire battalion or regiment isformed and inspected in one large formation.

158. Company Inspection

a. Formation. The company forms in line ofplatoons in line or in column of platoons in line.When transportation is included in the formation,it forms in line 5 yards to the rear or as directed.The drivers remain with their vehicles. Trans-portation is inspected separtaely from the footelements, or as directed.

b. Procedure.(1) The company commander commands

PREPARE FOR INSPECTION. Atthis command, platoon leaders commandOPEN RANKS, MARCH, as outlined inparagraph 96. After verification of thealinement, the platoon leaders marchthree steps in front of their platoons,

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halt, face to the left and command,READY, FRONT. After this movementhas been completed, the platoon leaderstake one step forward, halt; face to theright and await the inspecting officer.

(2) Ranks having been opened, the companycommander commands AT EASE. Thecompany commander then inspects thecompany. During the inspection, offi-cers, noncommissioned officers, andguidon bearers not in ranks come toattention at order arms as the inspect-ing officer approaches. As soon asinspected, they resume the position ofat ease. The company commander maydirect the executive officer or the firstsergeant to join him and take notesduring the inspection. When so directed,the executive officer or first sergeantplaces himself to the left rear of thecompany commander and accompanieshim throughout the inspection. Theinspecting officer, beginning at the headof the column or right of the line, makesa minute inspection of the arms, equip-ment, dress, and appearance of the men.As he approaches each platoon, itsleader brings the platoon to attentionand salutes. As soon as inspected, theplatoon leader places himself to theright rear of the company commanderand accompanies him throughout theinspection of the platoon.

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(3) The inspection is made from right to leftin front of and from left to right in rearof each rank.

(4) The inspecting officer moves from manto man by facing in marching to theright, taking two short snappy stepsso as to position himself in front of theman to be inspected. He then executesa left face, facing the man.

(5) Each man individually executes inspec-tion arms when the company commanderis directly in front of and facing him.This enables the company commanderto observe the manual of the personbeing inspected. As the company com-mander moves to the rear of the rankbeing inspected, each man, as he isapproached, unfastens the snap on hisbayonet scabbard, grasps his bayonetscabbard with his left hand, and movesthe point of the scabbard slightly for-ward so that the company commandermay remove the bayonet for inspection.The scabbard is held in this positionuntil the bayonet has been replaced or, ifthe bayonet is not removed, until thecompany commander has moved to theposition of the next man to be inspected.

(6) To inspect a rifle, the company comman-der takes the rifle with his right handby grasping it at the upper hand guardjust above the upper sling swivel. Assoon as the rifle has been grasped, the

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individual being inspected releases therifle and lowers his arms and handssmartly to his side as in the position ofattention. A suggested method of inspec-tion that insures smartness, snap, pre-cision, and a thorough inspection is asfollows: Lower the rifle with your righthand, keeping the barrel to your right,and place the thumb of your left handon the forward portion of the followerand glance into the barrel. The thumbnail will reflect adequate light for thebarrel and chamber inspection. Aftercompleting the barrel inspection, graspthe small of the stock with your lefthand and raise the rifle to a position infront of your body, forearms horizontal,barrel up and muzzle to your right.Move the rifle to your right, keeping thebarrel horizontal, and inspect the upperportion of the rifle beginning with thefront sight and working to the heel ofthe butt. To inspect the lower portionof the rifle, release your left hand fromthe small of the stock, and regrasp therifle with your left hand just forwardof the receiver on the lower hand guard.Immediately rotate the rifle to the left,regrasping it at the small of the stockwith your right hand, palm up. Thebarrel is down and horizontal. Start thisportion of the inspection at the toe of thebutt and work left to the gas cylinder

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lock. As you complete the inspection,release your right hand from the smallof the stock and apply downward pres-sure with your right hand on the slingat the small of the stock. Regrasp therifle with your right hand at the upperhand guard in the original manner.Return the rifle to the individual in thesame position from which it was taken.The soldier takes the rifle with his lefthand at the balance, immediately closesthe bolt, pulls the trigger and executesorder arms..

(7) When the rifle is inspected without han-dling, each man remains at inspectionarms until the company commander hasmoved to a position in front of andfacing the next man in line. He thencomes to order arms. When the lastman in the line has been inspected, hecomes to order arms when the companycommander has moved to his rear.

(8) The men armed with the automatic rifle,carbine, and pistol execute inspectionarms as prescribed in the manual fortheir weapon. They resume their orig-inal positions after their weapons havebeen inspected, as outlined above.

(9) On completion of the inspection, theplatoon leader salutes the company com-mander upon his departure. The platoonleader then takes his post three steps infront of the guide, faces down the line

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and commands, CLOSE RANKS, MARCH.When the ranks have been closed hemoves to a position six steps in frontand center of his platoon, faces theplatoon, and commands AT EASE. Hethen executes about face and assumesthe at ease position.

(10) The -company commander may directthe platoon leaders to make a detailedinspection of the arms or other equip-ment of the men of their platoons.

(11) When the company is inspected by anofficer of a higher command, the com-pany commander, on the approach ofthe inspecting officer, commands COM-PANY, ATTENTION. He then faces tothe front, salutes and reports by saying"SIR, CAPTAIN ....... reports.....Company ready for inspection." Thesame procedure as outlined above isfollowed, substituting the words inspect-ing officer for company commander andcompany commander for company execu-tive officer and first sergeant.

(12) During the inspection, squads and pla-toons are given at ease only whendirected by the inspecting officer. Thecommand is given by the unit leaders.

159. Inspection of Personal Field EquipmentWhile in Ranks

a. The company forms in column of platoonsin line (fig. 48).

b. After the inspection of arms has been com-

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pleted in a platoon, the company commandcommands PREPARE FOR INSPECTION OFEQUIPMENT. The Platoon leader causes hisplatoon to take interval while at open ranks, andthen commands UNSLING EQUIPMENT, DIS-PLAY EQUIPMENT.

c. At the command UNSLING EQUIPMENT,each man draws his bayonet with his left handand sticks it into the ground, ring to the front,the bayonet outside of and against his left heelnear the instep. This marks the line for the rearedge of his equipment when displayed. The mennot armed with the bayonet mark the place withtheir left heel. Each man then lays his rifle(automatic rifle, carbine, submachinegun) on theground, muzzle to the front, barrel to the left,butt near the toe of his right foot, until theremainder of the equipment is displayed. Heunslings his equipment, and places it on theground at his feet, belt to the rear, the pack infront of his toes.

d. At the command DISPLAY EQUIPMENT,the packs are opened and equipment is displayedas prescribed in FM 21-5. Equipment is dis-played in the interval to the left of each man.When arrangement of the equipment is com-pleted, each man resumes his original position inranks.

e. The company commander passes along theranks as before and inspects the equipment. Hethen directs the platoon leader to have the packsrolled and to assemble his platoon.

f. The platoon leader then commands ROLL

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PACKS. Each man assembles his equipment,rolls his pack and, leaving his equipment in itsposition on the ground at his feet, assumes theposition of at ease.

g. After the equipment is assembled, the pla-toon leader commands, SLING EQUIPMENT.On this command, the men sling their packs,fasten their belts, take their rifles (automaticrifles, carbines, or submachineguns), and thenassume the position of order arms.

h. The platoon leader then assembles the pla-toon and closes ranks. He then takes his post atthe front and center of his platoon.

i. In units which have special combat equip-ment such as machineguns, mortars, and signal ofcommand post equipment, the company comman-der, after packs have been opened or after theindividual inspection has been completed, directsDISPLAY MACHINEGUN (MORTAR or other)EQUIPMENT. The gun squads, under the direc-tion of their leaders, break ranks and displaytheir weapons and accessories for inspection, asprescribed in the gun drill for the weapons. Thegun or equipment is displayed in rear of itsvehicle. Headquarters personnel display the firecontrol, communication, and any other combatequipment. When no transportation is present,the equipment is displayed three steps from theflank of each squad on the side from which theinterval was taken. The rear of the equipment isplaced on line with the rear edge of the individualfield equipment.

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160. Battalion Inspectiona. The battalion is formed in line of companies,

each company being formed in column of platoonsin line (par. 102). Before the inspection, thebattalion commander indicates whether heavyweapons and special equipment are to bedisplayed for inspection or left on theirtransportation.

b. When all companies are in column of pla-toons in line with all troops dismounted, thebattalion commander commands PREPARE FORINSPECTION. At this command, the companycommanders face about and prepare their com-panies as in paragraph 158, except that the com-panies are not put at ease.

c. The battalion commander then commandsREST. He then inspects his staff and the colorguard. When the battalion commander approachesthe staff, the officers, without command, come toattention. When they have been inspected, theyaccompany the battalion commander. As the bat-talion commander approaches the color guard,the color bearer commands COLOR GUARD,ATTENTION. The color guard does not cometo the position of inspection arms as the inspect-ing officers approach, nor do the inspecting offi-cers actually inspect the color guard's weapons.The color guard may be dismissed as soon asinspected.

d. The battalion commander, beginning at thehead of the column of the right company, makesan inspection of the arms, dress, and appearanceof the personnel of the several companies.

234

e. As the battalion commander approacheseach company, its commander faces toward hiscompany and commands COMPANY, ATTENTION,faces to the front, salutes, and reports. As soonas he has been inspected, the company commanderfaces about and commands AT EASE, when sodirected. He then accompanies the battalioncommander. The inspection proceeds as pre-scribed for company inspection.

f. The battalion commander may direct thecompany commanders to make the detailed inspec-tion of the arms or other equipment of theircompanies. He may require officers of his staffto assist in the inspection, especially by checkingequipment.

g. When a company has been inspected, thebattalion commander may direct that it be dis-missed or proceed with other duties.

h. When desired, the battalion commander maydirect that companies not under inspection stackarms, fall out, and resume their places in time tobe inspected.

i. When the battalion commander is not theinspecting officer, he prepares his battalion forthe inspection and commands REST. On theapproach of the inspecting officer, the battalioncommander brings the battalion to attention,faces to the front, salutes and reports. Theinspecting officer inspects the battalion command-er, who then commands REST, when so directed.He accompanies the inspecting officer throughoutthe inspection of his battalion.

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CHAPTER 11

MOUNTED DRILL

Section I. GENERAL

161. Generala. The drill described in this chapter provides

for the orderly formation and movement ofvehicles in ceremonies. The formation may bemodified to conform to local conditions.

b. The term "motorized units" includes ar-mored units and the term "company" includesbattery.

c. The men of motorized units ride in theirvehicles. In other units, the only men who rideare those needed to drive the vehicles and to manthe transported equipment.

162. Dismounted and Motorized TroopsParticipating in Ceremony

When both marching and motorized troops takepart in a ceremony, it is desirable to have thevehicles move as a unit separately from the foottroops. This helps to reduce damage to thevehicles resulting from excessively slow driving.When possible, the speed should be at least 10miles per hours. This can be done by moving thevehicles by bounds. Another way is to allowenough time between the start of the marching

236

men and the start of the vehicles so that both,with normal speed, arrive at the desired destina-tion together.

163. Disposition of WeaponsMembers of motorized units fall in at forma-

tion for drills and ceremonies in the same manneras dismounted units. When mounted in vehicles,unless at rest or at ease, they sit at attention andhold their weapons in the position of order arms.They grasp the hand guard of the rifle just abovethe lower band. When armed with the carbine,they grasp it just below the front band. Thedrivers, assistant drivers, and others specificallydesignated, place their weapons in the boots orracks provided or in any other safe and appro-priate place.

164. Manual of Armsa. When dismounted, execute the manual of

arms for foot troops. Do not execute the manualin the vehicle.

b. When armed with the rifle or carbine, takeup the positions as prescribed in paragraph 163.

c. When passing in review, all troops exceptdrivers or those armed with the rifle or carbine,fold their arms and hold their elbows shoulderhigh with right arm uppermost.

d. The officers in vehicles execute the handsalute. The men in vehicles, unless in charge ofa unit or detachment, do not salute.

165. The CommanderThe mounted drill commander usually is in

front of the base element. From this position, he

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leads the unit in the desired direction and at thedesired speed. He may, however, move to wherehe can best observe and supervise his unit, leavingits guidance to another officer.

166. Base

a. In mounted drill, any element or vehicle maybe designated as the base. Ordinarily, the basevehicle follows the commander or conforms to hismovement. The other elements or vehicles regu-late and guide on the base vehicle.

b. In mass, the right front vehicle normally isthe base vehicle. When not in mass, the right

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Figure 63. Vehicles in mass formation.

238

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Figure 63 - Continued.

239

vehicle usually is the base vehicle in line, andthe leading vehicle usually is the base vehicle inthe column.

c. Base elements adjust their movements toprevent interference with the other elements dur-ing changes in the formation.

167. Intervals and Distancesa. In mounted drill, the intervals and distances

may be varied to meet local conditions of terrain.The normal intervals and distances for haltedvehicles are shown in 1 and 2 of figure 63 andfigure 64. Moving vehicles should maintain adistance of not less than 12 yards and an intervalof not less than 5 yards.

b. On the command or signal OPEN or CLOSE,the intervals or distances are increased ordecreased.

c. The intervals or distances are not closedwhen coming to a halt unless the unit is com-manded or signaled CLOSE.

168. Speeda. In mounted drill, the leader and base ele-

ments move at a uniform rate of speed, whichusually is not more than 15 miles per hour.

b. Other elements, when necessary, vary theirspeed gradually during movements to conformwith the base or to complete movements.

169. Formationsa. The formations described in this chapter can

be adapted to all motorized units, regardless oftype or number of vehicles. When practical, thevehicles are folrmed in columns or lines of approx-

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11-5 YDS

25 YDS

:1

O O & OO UO 0 0 & O0Figure 64. Battalion in column with companies in line.

imately 20 vehicles formed as a single unit. Fortactical formations, see the manual for the par-ticular type of unit concerned.

b. The formations are as follows:(1) Column. In this formation, the ele-

ments or vehicles are placed one behindthe other and the right edges of thevehicles are alined (fig. 64).

(2) Line. In this formation, the elementsor vehicles are abreast and the frontedges of the vehicles are alined (1, fig.63).

(3) Mass. A unit formed with two or morecolumns abreast constitutes a mass.Masses may be grouped as follows:

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(a) Line of masses. Masses abreast with10-yard interval (1, fig. 63).

(b) Column of masses. Masses placed onebehind another with 10-yard distancebetween companies (2, fig. 63).

(c) Line of battalions in line of masses.Battalions in line of masses abreastwith 20-yard interval between bat-talions.

(d) Line of battalions in column ofmasses. Battalions in column ofmasses abreast with 20-yard intervalbetween battalions.

(e) Column of battalions in line of masses.Battalions in line of masses, placedone behind another, with distances of20 yards between battalions.

(f) Column of battalions in column ofmasses. Battalions in column ofmasses, placed one behind another,with distances of 20 yards betweenbattalions.

c. Mass formations may be used for ceremoniesor instruction by companies or larger units.

170. Vehicles Massed as a Separate UnitWhen vehicles are massed as a separate unit,

they are placed with respect to the foot troops asdirected by the unit commander. The distanceand interval between the vehicles and the march-ing troops is stated by the unit commander.The normal distance and interval between haltedvehicles is the same as prescribed in paragraph167.

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171. Vehicles Accompanying Dismounted TroopsWhen forming with foot troops, vehicles form

5 yards in rear of the rear line of men. Theinterval between the vehicles depends on thefrontage of the unit with which they are forming,but is never less than 5 yards (fig. 65).

172. Formation at VehiclesTo form at the vehicles, from any formation,

the commands are-AT YOUR VEHICLES, FALL IN.At the command FALL IN, the men move to theirassigned vehicles and form as shown in 1, figure66. When there are more than five men, they formtwo or three ranks with 40 inches between ranks,as in 2 of figure 66. When there are more than 15men, the number of men per rank may be

m - tS~~~~

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OR MORE

O FOOT ELEMENTS AND TRUCKS IN LINE

HALTED: 5 YARDSMOVING: AS pRESCREO

FOOT ELEMENTS AND TRUCKS IN C OLUMN

Figure 65. Formation of vehicles accompanyingdismounted troops.

243

increased. Artillery sections form as prescribedin service-of-the-piece manuals.

173. Load VehiclesAt the command LOAD VEHICLES, the men

in formation at the vehicles load their weaponsand equipment under the direction of their leader.When the loading is completed, the men desig-nated to ride mount the vehicle and take theirseats and sit at attention.

174. Unload VehiclesWith the men in the vehicles, the command is

UNLOAD VEHICLES. At this command, themen dismount and remove their weapons and

O1n C3 oi 0 E]O EO40

4 YARDS

0 OFigure 66. Formation at vehicles.

244

equipment under the direction of their leader.The unit reforms without command as describedin paragraph 173.

Section II. MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES

175. Generala. Formations While Moving. The rules for

drill of vehicles are the same regardless of theirnumber, because the vehicles of a unit normallyform in line or in column. Complicated maneu-vers are not executed.

b. Instruction Before Ceremonies. The for-mation and movements are explained before theceremonies. To attain orderly formations andmovements at ceremonies, it may be necessary todrill in the following essential movements:

(1) Movement forward in line and columns.(2) Movement from column to line and from

line to column, including changes indirection.

(3) Movement into a mass formation froma single column.

(4) Movement in mass formation, includingchanges in direction.

(5) Forming a single column from a massformation while moving or from a half.

176. To Start EnginesThe vehicles are started at the command or

signal START ENGINES. They are kept run-ning until the command or signal -STOPENGINES is given. When the vehicles are haltedduring ceremonies, the engines are kept runningunless the halt is prolonged.

245

177. TO Move ForwardThe commander gives the warning signal FOR-

WARD and his vehicle moves out. The othervehicles move forward at the designated distance(or interval). They are alined on and follow thebase vehicle.

178. To HaltThe commander orders his drivers to signal

HALT. The driver then slows down and haltsthe commander's vehicle. The other vehiclesclose to the prescribed distance (interval) andhalt.

179. To Form Column or LineIn any formation except line or column, the

commander places his own vehicle at the baseposition and signals ASSEMBLE. Then heextends his arm horizontally and points in thedirection of the line or column on which thevehicles are to form. The other vehicles thenmove to position in column or lines at the pre-scribed distance or interval.

a. To Form a Column From a Line.(1) The commander signals COLUMN, and

orders his driver to give the signalindicating whether the movement is tobe made on the right, left, or front.Then he has his vehicle move in the newdirection. The remaining vehicles, insuccession from the right (left), turnand follow at the prescribed distance.

(2) In armored units, the column formationsare executed from any line formation by

246

; l' \/ \ il */l ///

/I\I /

Figure 67. Forming line from columnn in armored unit.

247

successive movements of the next ele-ments within a unit to their positions inrear of forward moving base. The baseis followed alternately by the next lowerelement on its right and left. Theseelements begin their movement bychanging their formations, if required,and moving by the most direct route totheir new positions.

b. To Form a Line From a Column.(1) The commander signals LINE and

orders his driver to give the signal indi-cating the direction the movement is tobe made (right, left, or front). Thenhe has his vehicle move in the desireddirection. The other vehicles form inline on the commander's vehicle (figs.67 and 68).

(2) In armored units, a formation in line isattained from any column by a fan-shaped deployment toward both sides ofthe base. The next element within theunit in rear of the base moves to theright of the base, the third to the leftof the base, and so on alternately (fig.67). These elements move by the mostdirect route without changing forma-tion until they arrive near their newpositions where they form a line, whenrequired. When a line is formed in anydirection other than the direction ofmarch, the head of the column is turned

248

I,

(OiEEIG IN LINE TO FORWM 'COLUMN TO THE RIGHT f /

O BsEING IN LINE. TO FORMCOLUMN TO THE FRONT

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b x -----------

(O) BEING IN COLUMN. TO iORYmLINE TO THE FRONT U

®BEING IN COLUMN. TO FORMLINE TO THE LEFT

Figure 68. Moving vehicles changing direction of mlarchin line or column.

249

in the new direction before the deploy-ment is ordered.

(3) Platoons of five vehicles form a line fromcolumn as shown in figure 67. Platoonsof less than five vehicles form a line inthe same manner as those for the pla-toon with five vehicles as shown infigure 69.

(4) To change the direction of march for aunit, the commander directs the move-ment of the base on the arc of a circleso that the pivot turns on a minimumradius. For movements to the flank, allvehicles turn simultaneously on a mini-

I /

\ \ i/

F4'ure /3]l

Figure 69. Forming line from platoon in column withless than five vehicles.

250

mum radius in the direction indicated bythe commander.

(5) When the unit is in a column formation,the elements behind the base succes-sively change direction in the same man-ner and on the same ground as the base(fig. 70).

(6) When the unit is in any formation exceptcolumn, the other elements regulate on

/ _/

I /I

Jo1 0

Figure 70. Moving vehicles changing direction of marchin ,mass formation.

25T

the base and maintain their relativepositions.

(7) Changes in direction are made on aradius of not less than 15 yards.

180. To Form a Single Column From a MassThe commander signals or commands COL-

UMN and points to the column leader who is tolead off. He then moves his own vehicle in thedesired direction, followed by the leading vehicle

I !

l

El U

Figure 71. Forming a single columnn from a formationof vehicles with several columns abreast.

252

of the designated column. The leading vehicleis followed by the remaining vehicles of thatcolumn. The other columns follow in succession(fig. 71).

Section III. SIGNALS

181. Generala. When conditions make oral commands inade-

quate, signals are used for transmitting com-mands and warnings. The signals described inthis manual are the arm-and-hand signals usedin mounted drill.

b. When a movement is to be executed by oneunit or all units of a command, a preliminarysignal designating the unit or units to executethe movement is given. The person giving thesignal faces the unit or units for whom it isintended. The signal is given either from theground or from a vehicle. The signal for execut-ing the movement is given as soon as the pre-liminary signal has been understood.

c. One signal is preferable to a combination ofsignals. When a combination of signals is used,the signals should be easily recognizable and givenin the order in which the command is worded.For example, to signal ASSEMBLE IN COL-UMN OF PLATOONS gives the signals forASSEMBLE, COLUMN, and PLATOONS in thatorder.

d. To change the formation of lower units, it ispreferable for the leader to move the base elementand indicate or signal the desired formation. Allother elements conform to the base.

253

182. Arm and Hand Signals

The general arm and hand signals used formounted drill are-

a. ATTENTION. Extend your arms side-wards slightly above the horizontal, palm to thefront, and wave toward the head several times.

b. FORWARD; TO THE REAR. Face inthe desired direction of movement and raise yourhand vertically to the full extent of your arm,palm to the front; lower your arm and hand tothe horizontal in the direction of the movement.

c. BY THE RIGHT (LEFT) FLANK. Facethe unit being signaled, extend both arms hori-zontally in the direction of the desired movement.

d. MOUNT. Extend your arm downward atyour side, palm out, and raise your arm sidewardand upward to an angle of 45° above the hori-zontal. Both arms may be used when giving thissignal.

e. DISMOUNT. Extend your arm sidewardand upward to an angle of 450 above the hori-zontal, palm down, and lower it to your side.Both arms may be used when giving this signal.

f. CLOSE FORMATION. (From turrets oftanks and open vehicles.) From the position ofarms extended sideward, palms up, bring thearms vertically overhead until the palms touch.Repeat as necessary.

g. CLOSE FORMATION. (From cabs ofclosed vehicles.) Extend your left arm sidewardto the horizontal, palm up, and raise it as highas the cab permits. Repeat several times.

254

h. MASS. Extend your arm horizontally side-ward, palm up, fingers extended and joined;then, by flexing your elbow, bring the tips ofyour fingers to the point of your shoulder severaltimes.

i. EXTEND. Raise your arms vertically over-head, with your palms together. Then drop yourarms sideward to the horizontal position, palmsdown. Repeat this several times. (In a forma-tion possessing width and depth, extension ismade in both directions.)

j. STOP ENGINES. Draw your right hand,palm down, across your neck in a "throat-cutting"motion from left to right.

k. MOVE IN-GEAR OR SPEED. Hold upthe number of fingers which indicates the desiredgear or speed.

1. MOVE IN REVERSE. Face the unit beingsignaled, extend your arm and hand at shoulderlevel, palm toward the driver, and make a push-ing motion. Repeat this several times until thevehicle has moved to the desired position.

m. START ENGINES. Rotate your arms infront of your body, describing circles to simulatecranking.

n. COLUMN. Raise your arm vertically.Then drop your arm to the rear and describecircles in a vertical plan with your arm fullyextended.

o. LINE. Raise both arms sideward to thehorizontal.

255

Section IV. MOUNTED REVIEWS

183. General

a. The procedures described in paragraphs 119through 126, 128 through 140, and 157 through181 are applicable to all units with vehicles,mounted or dismounted.

b. The national and unit colors are mounted onthe vehicle when carried in mounted fomations.The color bearers and the color guards ride inthe vehicle with the colors. The vehicle carryingthe colors takes its position at or near the centerof the formation and in the interval between bat-talions or similar elements. When the troops dis-mount from their vehicles and form into footformations, the colors are removed from thevehicle and posted in the same relative positionas for a dismounted formation.

c. In mounted formations the guidon is flownfrom the commander's vehicle.

d. Unless ordered otherwise, all vehicularweapons are mounted and carried with theircovers removed. Machineguns, except for theantiaircraft weapons, are adjusted and clampedwith the barrels horizontal and alined with theaxis of the vehicle. Antiaircraft machineguns arepointed to the left and upward at the maximumelevation. Rifles, carbines, and submachinegunsare carried in the prescribed positions.

e. All ports on armored vehicles are closed andtank hatches are open. The windshields of thevehicles are closed. The bows and canvas tops aredown on all combat vehicles and vehicles carry-

256

ing personnel. The bows and canvas tops are upon the cargo-carrying vehicles. The rear curtainsare closed and fastened. The radio antennas aresecured as prescribed.

184. PreparationsThe line on which the foot troops are to form

is marked. The post of the reviewing officer andthe line of march are marked with flags. Thereviewing stand and markers are located so thatas each unit passes in review its right flank is20 yards from the reviewing officer. When formedfor battalion reviews, the line of troops is 145yards in front of the reviewing stand; however,in the case of larger reviews, the line of unitcommanders is 145 yards in front of the review-ing stand (fig. 72.) The band and buglers areformed dismounted and take their post 25 yardsto the left and 5 yards to the rear of the review-ing officer. Where more than one band is present,the additional band or bands form on the left ofthe first band. The bands may be massed. Thebands play during the reviewing officer's inspec-tion and during the march in review.

185. Formationa. The normal formation of the battalion and

regiment for ceremonies is a line of masses (fig.54). However, a column of masses may also beused. For large reviews, a line of battalions inline of masses is preferable; but where space isthe controlling factor, a line of battalions in col-umns of masses may be used.

b. In reviews for units larger than the bat-

257

LINE OF TROOPS

LINE OF UNITCOMMANDERS

125 YOS

_NE OF MARCH

20 YOS

REVIEWING

25 YDS 5 YDS

MARKERS '*_- I IBAND(S)

Figure 72. Preparation for mounted review.

talion, the battalion commander's vehicle is 20yards in front of the center of his unit. Theregimental commander's vehicle is centered 40yards in front of the unit. Staff-vehicles, exceptthe second in command of a company, form withthe right flank of their line 5 yards in rear ofthe commander's vehicle.

c. When platoon leaders and company and bat-talion commanders are dismounted, they take

258

positions 6 steps directly in front of their respec-tive vehicles.

d. Extra vehicles, administrative vehicles, andtransportation which is not a part of a combatplatoon or similar unit may be formed as anadditional column on the left of each companyor similar unit. It may be desirable to group theadministrative and extra vehicles in columns atthe left of each battalion or other unit. Whenplatoons contain less than five vehicles, additionalvehicles may be added as part of the platoon.

e. All units form and take their positions onthe line of troops before the adjutant's call.

f. The reviewing officer is dismounted andgenerally receives the review from a reviewingstand.

186. InspectionWhen the troops remain in the vehicles, eyes

right is not executed as the reviewing partyapproaches.

187. March in Reviewa. When the reviewing officer has resumed his

post (fig. 73) after inspecting the troops, orwhen he indicates he does not desire to inspectthe troops, the commander of troops commandsPREPARE TO PASS IN REVIEW, MOUNT.

b. At the command MOUNT, the troops breakranks, move at double time, and mount. Theengines are started. When the troops remain inthe vehicles, the command MOUNT is not given.

c. When the commander of the troops observesthat the command is mounted, he climbs into his

259

vehicle and commands, usually by radio: PASSIN REVIEW.

d. When the commander of the unit on theright flank receives the command to PASS INREVIEW, he gives the commands to start theMARCH. Each successive commander of a massformation on the line of troops, in turn, givesthe command to follow the unit on his right flank.

e. Units may march in review with their ele-ments in line, column, or mass. The sequence ofcommands for passing in review is as follows:

(1) Line. By the right flank is executedsuccessively by platoons at the commandPASS IN REVIEW. Commands orsignals of execution are given by eachplatoon leader. By the left flank is exe-cuted successively by platoons to makethe next change of direction at the endof the review field. By the left flank isexecuted successively by platoons tomake the last change of direction andbring them in line for passing thereviewing stand. Figure 73 shows theformation for passing a reviewing stand.

(2) Column. Right turn is executed succes-sively by companies in mass at thecommand PASS IN REVIEW. Thecommands or signals of execution aregiven by each company commander. Leftturn is executed successively by com-panies in mass to make the last changeof direction so that the company will bein mass for passing the reviewing stand.

260

R EAR ELEMENTo U 14 U OF

100 YOS LEADING B N

o10 YDS

STF 0 STFi

25 YDS -

o o0 d 20 Y0oDS

50 YDS - REVIEWINGOFFICER

50 YDS

5 YDS

25 YDS -EEN

0 LEGEND

.25 YDS STF - STAFF

a o b 0 P > - MARKER

Figure 73. Passing in review (line formation mounted).

f. Mass formation for passing in review isexecuted in the same manner as for a column,except when battalions are in line of masses orin line of companies with companies in column.

g. Commanders of platoons and all higher unitcommanders salute as they pass the reviewingofficer. They begin the salute 15 yards from the

261

reviewing stand and hold it until they are 15yards beyond the reviewing stand.

h. The review ends when the rear element ofthe command has passed the reviewing officer.When the review is ended, the unit commanderstake charge of their unit (at a previously desig-nated point) and move them as directed in thereview .instructions. When an inspection followsthe review, the units move to the designatedarea.

188. Road ReviewsRoad reviews usually are conducted in column

formation with as many vehicles abreast as thewidth of the road permits. The minimum speedusually is 15 miles per hour and the maximumspeed 25 miles per hour. Special instructions areissued for control of traffic, distances betweenvehicles, speeds, safety precautions, markers, andguides. To prevent traffic jams, divergent routesare designated for the units that have passed thereviewing stand.

Section V. INSPECTION OF MOUNTED UNITS

189. Generala. Inspections may be mounted or dismounted.b. The administrative details for the inspection

of various units are limited by the variety ofarmored and motorized elements and the availableterrain. The area for the inspection is markedcarefully and lines are established to simplifythe inspection. A field inspection of a large unitmay require an advance detail from each bat-

262

talion to assist in the layout of the area. Sug-gested arrangements for field inspections areshown in figures 74 and 75.

c. When all the elements are in position, theadjutant reports to the commanding officer, who,after receiving the report, orders the troops toprepare for inspection.

d. When a band is present, it plays during theinspection.

e. When desired, an alternate formation maybe used (fig. 75) with shelter tents pitched inlines separate from the lines of vehicles. Theshelter tents may be pitched in double lines bycompany or similar unit, forming a companystreet. The vehicles are in line in extension ofthe street of the corresponding company.

KEY

D) SHELTER TENTS T[a VEHICLES TOSW LATRINE REGT R

OFFICERS TENTSI ] E ] I El [ LO NHQ5 YDS

[E [] -'D E] E] [ [E [-1 nT[-] [J [] []0 YOS CO OFFICERS' TENTS

] ono o o ZI L LLon UU SUPPLY&10 YDS KITCHEN VEHICLES

SYD- t--25 Y 30 To 50 YDS. * " _

Figure 74. A typical formation for field inspection.

263

20 YDSREGT AND BN

.1.. Y OFFICERS'[] [] [] [] TENTS -REG'roR

5 YDST [JEILIEJEI _ J BN HQ

10 YDS1 COMPANY OFFICERS' TENTS

0 00 ED ULI00 SUPPLY AND10 YOS KITCHEN VEHICLES

KEY

SHELTER10 TO 20 YDS TENTSTENTS

VEHICLES

LATRINE

10 TO 20 YDLT

Figure 75. An alternate formation for field inspection.

f. The company officers' tents are erectedfacing their respective company streets.

g. The colors are placed in front of the com-manding officer's tent. The guidon is placed atthe right front of each company commander'stent.

26"

190. Display of Equipmenta. Vehicles are displayed with hoods raised;

engine compartments, doors, and battery boxesopen; and tailgates down. The tools are displayeddirectly in front of each vehicle.

b. The mounted weapons are prepared foraction. The towed weapons are uncoupled, movedtwo yards to the rear, and prepared for action.

c. Organizational equipment is displayed on theground in the rear of the vehicle. The kitchensmay be displayed as shown in figure 76. Addi-tional equipment not shown in figure 76 is placedunder the kitchen fly and in the kitchen truck.

d. Individual equipment, including weapons, isdisplayed in front of the shelter tents as pre-scribed in FM 21-15.

5 YOS 0 F

OE

KITCHENN

FLY O

A__*______

A. SERVING TABLEB. LSTER 8AGC. GARBAGE PITD. HOT WATERE. GREASE PITF. FUEL (F REQUIRED)

Figure 76. A type layout for kitchen equipment.

265

APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

AR 600-25 Salutes and Honors.AR 840-10 Flags.SR 320-5-1 Dictionary of United States

Army Terms.SR 320-50-1 Authorized Abbreviations.SR 840-10-1 Description and Use of Flags,

Guidons, Tabards, andAutomobile Plates.

DA Pam 21-39 Conduct of a Military Funeral.DA Pam 108-1 Index of Army Motion

Pictures, TelevisionRecordings, and Film Strips.

DA Pam 310-3 Index of Training Publications.DA Pam 310-5 Index of Graphic Training

Aids and Devices.FM 21-5 Military TrainingFM 21-15 Individual Clothing and

Equipment.FM 21-30 Military Symbols.FM 23-5 U.S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1.FM 23-7 Carbine, Caliber.30, M1,

MlA1, M2, and M3.FM 23-15 Browning Automatic Rifle,

Caliber .30, M1918A2.FM 23-35 Pistols and Revolvers.FM 26-5 Interior Guard Duty.

264

APPENDIX II

MASTER KEY TO SYMBOLS

267

REVIEWIN OFFICER Z ASSISTANT PLATOONaru+ua 1X7 iSERGEANT

' REGIMENTAL COMMANDER SECTION LEADERAND STAFF

BATTALION COMMADER SQUAD LEADERAND STAFF

* COMPANY COMMANDER ASSISTANT SUADLEADER

EXECUTIVE OFFICER RIFLEMAN

PLATOON LEAER

-[I TRUCK ODRERO WARRANT OFFICER

~ SERGEANT MAJOR

Z X] i---·~~GUIDON BEARER

FIRST SERGEANT MESSENGER

ffi PLATOON SERGEANT [] VEHCLE

Figure 77. Master key to symbols in figmres.

26$

INDEX

Paragraphs Page

Adjutant ------------------- _------ 120 169Alining:

The company__--------____------- 95 139The squad ---------------------- 66 97Mass or extended mass formations_ 105 150

Arms, manual:Dismounted drill----------------____ 48-52 69-73Mounted drill-------------------- 164 237

Arrangements for military funerals...____ 151 220At ease___ -------------------------- 20,34 25, 39Attention, position_...------------------- 19 23Aviation in military funerals---------- 148 219Awards ---------------------------- 119,124 167, 179

Band -------- 1----------------------23, 131 176,195Base:

Dismounted drill------------------ 78 114Mounted drill -------------------- 166 238

Battalion and regimental formations --__107-118 152-166Bayonets, fix and unfix---------------- 47 66By the numbers ---------------_----- 5 8

Cadence ----------------------.------ 13, 18 15, 22Cannon salute ----------------------- 147 -218Ceremonies ------- _--------------_ 3,113,129 4, 161,

193Ceremonies before shipment of remains_ 46 65Ceremonial firing _______-_______-__153-156 221-223Ceremony with cremated remains ----- 145 217Change:

Direction of column-------------_ 69 101Interval -------------------- 67, 97 100,141Step ____ 33 38

Chaplain, duties& . ____ 150 219

269

Paragraphs Page

Color guard:Dismissal ----------------------- 135 202Formation ---------------------- 135 202Moving to the rear ___---________ 136 205Size _ ._------------------------- 135 202

Colors:National ------------------------ 133 200Regimental --------.-------______ 133 200

Color salutes ------------------------ 122, 134 174,201Colors, the position:

At color salute …___ -_____________ 140 207At parade rest__________________ 139 207At the carry _____________-_______ 138 207At the order …________________--- 137 207

Column:Definition ------------- …--_---_ __ 62, 78 91, 114

Mounted drill ____________________ 169 240Of files, to form from company mass 103 147Of platoons, to form, in line______ 102 147Of twos, to form file from _______ 75 108Of twos, to form from file_________ 74 107To form battalion_ ______________ 111 156To change the direction_________ - - 69 101

Commands:By the numbers --____________- ___ 5 8Individual, from the ranks ________ 16 20Mass -_---------.----________ .. 15 18Supplementary _-________________ 8, 94 12, 139

Column of files or twos, to form _______ 98 141Command voice -----_________________ 6-14 10-18Command of execution:

Definition ---------------___ _____ 7 11Pitch of voice --- …__ _____________ 12 14

Company:Drill --- …-------------------_____92-106 135-150Inspection -------------_-________ 158 226

Count off __------_-- ________________ 71 103

Decoration ------- ___________________ 124 179Decorations ---_--_-- ________________ 119 167

270

Paragraphs Page

Definitions -----____-- _________18, 62, 78, 169 22, 91114,240

Depth, definition ----------_____ ______ 62 91Direction of column, to change -- ______ 69 101Dismissing:

The battalion -__-__-______ _______ 115 162The company -------------- ____-_ 93 138The regiment --_---___-- _ -_______ 118 166The squad --_--------_--_-- ______ 65 97

Dismounted reviews ------------ _____119-121 167-173Dismounted troops in mounted drill ____ 162 236Distance:

Between platoons, to correct ______ 106 150Definition -------------------- ___ 62 91Mounted drill --_--_------- ______ 167 240

Distinctness of commands ___-----______ 11 14Double time:

Definition ----------------- ______ - 18 22In place ---------------------____ 27,28 36, 36

Drill:Definition --_--------------______ 3 4Instruction -----------------____- 4-6 6-10

Element -----------------------_____ 18 22Elements of military funerals __--_____ 141 208Equipment:

Display ---------------------- _-- 190 265Personal, field inspection ----__-_- 159 231

Escorts:Color --------------------------- 131 195Funeral --------------------…___141, 142 208, 210

Examination, oral --------------____- 5 10Execution, command:

Definition ------------------____- 7 11Tone for giving __--_--_----- _____ 12 15

Exercises, competitive drill _--_--_____ 5 10Extended mass:

Formation, to aline ---------_____ 105 150.Forming in column from halt _____ 101 146To form while marching with

close or normal interval ________ 100 146

271

Paragrphs Page

Facing in marching _-________________ 31 38Facings ----------------------------- 21 26Fall out .---------------------------- 20 25Field equipment inspection ----_._-- __ 159 231File:

Definition ----------------------- 62 91To form column of twos ---------- 74 107To form from a column of twos ___ 75 108

Firing by volley ------_______________ 156 223Flank:

Right (left) ------_--___ ________ 70 103Definition --------_--_---________ 62 91Face to the ----------- …---_--_- 21 26

Floral tributes ------- …----___ __ _____ 152 220Formation of vehicles:

Column ------ …----------------_- 179 246Line ----------------------.--- _- 179 246Mass to single column _--__--____- 180 252

Formations:Definition ------------------_____ 62 91Battalion ---------- _ ________-107-115 152-162Company ----------_-____________98-106 141-150Mounted drill ----- --------- ____- 169 240Platoon -------------____________ 80 118Regiment ------..-------- -_____107-109 152-154

116-118 162-166Squad ------ …-----------------_- 63 95

Forming:The battalion ---- …__--__________111, 112 156, 157The company -___________________ 92 135The regiment ---------__________- 117 163The squad --------.-----_________ 64 95

Fraternal organizations in militaryfunerals ---------- …---____________ 149 219

Front, definition _ ----- ___--_________ 62 91Funerals, military -------_____._____141-156 208-223

Guide:Positions -------- _______________ 78, 79 114, 115Rules --------__________________ 79 115

272

Paragraphs Page

Guidon, manual -_____________________ 56-60 81-87Gun salute -----______ _______________ 122 174Half step ------------_--____________ 26 35Hand salute ..------_________ 22, 35, 48 30,40,69

50, 53 71, 76Head of column, definition --________- _ 62 91Honor guards -- _____________________ 132 197Incline to the right (or left) ---- ______ 69 101Individual commands from the ranks -- 16 20Inflection of voice ____________________ 12 14Inspection ------- …----______________119, 123 167, 176Inspection arms -________-- ________44, 49, 51 59, 71, 72Inspections --_--____________________157-160 226-234

189-190 262-265Instruction, drill --------------- ______ 4-6 6-10Interval:

Definition ---___ ________________ 62 91Mounted drill __--_______________ 167 240To change (dismounted drill) _____ 97 141

Layout, kitchen --_________________.___ 190 266Left shoulder arms -------.----- __---- 42 54Line:

Definition ___----------------______ 62 91Dismounted drill ------_--_ ______ 78 114Mounted drill ------.------ ______ 169 240

Loudness of commands --------- ______ 10 13Manual of arms:

Automatic rifle ------------------ 48,49 69, 71Cadence --------------------- …__. 36 41Carbine -----_-------------______ 53-55 76-81Marching -----_----------_______ 36 41Mounted drill __-----------_____- 164 237Pistol ---------------------…_____ 50-52 71-73Rifle ---------------------------- 36 41

Marching, steps -__--_-------- _______ 23 33Marching in review:

Dismounted troops ---- __________ 125 183Mounted troops ----- _____________ 187 259

Mark time ---------------_-________- 25 34

273

Paragraphs Page

March to the oblique _--------_ ____-- _ 76 110Mass:

Commands -----_----------_----- 15 18Company to form from column ---- 99 143Company to form in line ---______ 113 161Extended -___--_-----------_____ 100 146Mounted drill ____--- ____________ 169 240To aline --_____________________ 105 150To change direction --_---________ 104 149To form battalion ----__________-_ 114 161

Masses:Column of ______---- ____________ 169 240Column of battalions in line ____…_ 169 240Line -----------_--------- -______ 169 240Line of battalions in column ___…__ - 169 240Line of battalions in line ______-- _ 169 240Mounted drill ---_ ----___-- _____ -161-169 236-240

Mounted reviews ----_----_________ - 183-185 256-257Mounted units, inspection -___________189, 190 262, 265

Oral examination ______-- ____________ 5 10Order arms --------_----------____ __ 37 44Orders, battalion and regimental _____- 108 153Parade rest --------_---------_____ __ 20 25Parades:

Battalion ------_----_-----____ __ 128 189Regimental -----_----------______ 129 193Street ---------_---------------- 130 194

Patriotic organizations. in militaryfunerals ---------_----------______ 149 219

Pitch of voice ------_----_-----______ 12 14Port arms ----------_---------_---__- 41 52Position of commander (mounted drill)_ 165 237Position for guide -___---- ____________ 79 115Post -------------------_-----_______ 78 114Posture for commands --------____-__ 10 14Preparatory commands:

Definition -___---_--------------- 7 11Pitch of voice ___________________ 12 14

Present arms ________________________43, 120 57, 169

274

Paragraphs Page

Presentation and honors --__---_____-- 122 174Procession in military funerals …--_--- 142 210

Quick time, definition of -------_---_-- 18, 24 22, 34

Rank, definition -__---_-------------- 62 91Ranks:

Individual commands ------------- 16 20To open or close ----------_------ 96 140

Rear:Face to the -------------------_-- 21 26March to the __--…__-- _____--___- 32 38

References ------_------------------- App I 266Regimental formations ------ 107-109 116-118 152-154,Rest positions: 162-166

While marching --__--_-- ___-- __- 34 39With the automatic rifle _-------_- 48 69With the carbine __----_---_--- _- 53 76Without the rifle ---------------- 20 25With the rifle ____.---- _--------- 38 44

Retreat ----------------------------- 126 187Reviews:

Dismounted -------------------- 119, 120 167, 169Mounted -----_----------------_183-185 256-257Road --------------------------- 188 262

Reviewing officer __________--_---___- 123 176Reviewing party -_------------------121, 123 173, 176Rifle salute -------_____------------- - 45 60Right shoulder arms -___------------- 40, 41 48, 52Route step -------------------------- 34 39

Salutes:Cannon -----_______-- ______----- 147 218Color -------- ___---------------- 134 201Guidon -------_---_------------- 46 65Hand -…-------_---_------ __22, 48, 50, 653 30, 69

71, 76Rifle -__---____-- __-- _-------- L 45 60

School of the soldier:With arms _-____-__-- __---_---_- 35-62 40-91Without alms ______--_---- _----- 17-34 22-39

275

Paragraphs Page

Shelter tents:To form for -------------------- 89 128To re-form from pitching --------- 89 128

Side step ---------------------------- 29 37Signals, arm and hand (mounted drill) 181, 182 253, 254Sling and unsling arms …-----------46, 49, 55 65,71,81Snap in commands ------------------- 14 18Squad drill ------------------------- 64-76 95-110Stack arms ------------------------- 72 104Staff position in battalion or regi-

mental formations ----------------- 109 154Standards:

National ------------------------ 133 200Regimental ---------------------- 133 200

Stand at ease ----------------------- 20, 38 25, 44Step:

Change ------------------------- 33 38Definition ----------------------- 18 22Half ---------------------------- 26 35Route ---.----------------------- 34 39Side --------------------___----- 29 37

Steps and martchings ------.-- _____--- 23 33Supplementary commands ------------ 8,94 12,139Symbol key, reference .--------------App II 267

Take arms --------- ____--- __________ 73 105Talking through a movement ____-____ 5 9Troops, motorized -_____----- _________ 162 236To form a company mass when in col-

umn --____________________________ 101 146To form an extended mass ---_____ ___- 100 146To load for ceremonial firing --___--__ 154 221To unload in ceremonial firing ____-____ 154 221Trail arms ----------------- _________ 39 47Troop formations at vehicles -________171-173 243-244

Vehicles:Accompanying dismounted troops --__ 171 243Loading ---_-___________________ 173 244Massed as separate unit -____-____ 170 242Movement ----_________________-175-180 245-252Unloading ----- --______________ 174 244

276

Paragraphs PageVoice:

Command -_--_ _____-- _-_________ 6-16 10-20Control ------------------_______ 10 14

Weapons, disposition of in mounteddrill ------------------------------ 163 237

[AG 353.5 (15 Jun 56)]

By Order of Wilber M. Brucker, Secretaryof the Army:

MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,General, United States Army,

Official: Chief of Staff.JOHN A. KLEIN,

Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

Distribution:Active Army:

Tee Svc, DA (1) USMA (50)Tee Svc Bd (2) Gen & Br Svc SchHq CONARC (18) (5) except ArmorArmy AA Comd Sch (200), CH

(2) Sch (50), Inf SchOS Maj Comd (2,050), QM Sch

(15) (250), Sig SchOS Base Comd (180), AA & GM

(5) Sch (600), Arty &Log Comd (5) GM Sch (200),MDW (10) Fin Sch (50)Armies (10) PMST (5)Corps (5) Tng Cen (50)Div (5) US Army Tng CenBrig (5) (50)Regt/Gp (5) Mil Dist (3)Bn (5) ROTC & 55c NDACo (5) Units (1 ea. Stu-Ft & Cp (2) dent)

NG: State AG (6); units-same as Active Army.USAR: Same as Active Army.For explanation of abbreviations used, see SR 320-50-1.

* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEs 1tS5-301309

277