Chapter 2: The Evolution of Management ThoughtMGT210.17&18Lecture 2

The Practice and Study of ManagementThe systematic study of management is relatively new. Before 1900, hardly any university provided formal learning scope for managerial studies.However, the concept of management originated 5000 years ago when Pyramid was made.During 1990, information was overloaded on the behavioral side of management as 54 journals were published only on this topic.

The Best Management Practice??

The Universal Process Approach

Henri Fayols Universal Management Process

Fayols 14 Universal Principles of Management

The Operational ApproachProduction oriented field of management dedicated to improve efficiency and cut waste.Since the turn of the 20th century it has had a number of labels of scientific management, management science, operations research, productions management and operations management.

Taylors Scientific ManagementScientific management is that kind of management which conducts a business by standards established by facts or truths gained through systematic observation, experiment or reasoning. Standardization Time and Task StudySystematic Selection and TrainingPay Incentives

The Behavioral ApproachAdvocates that people deserve to be the central focus of any organization.Managers should be able to understand the people within the organization who have different background, need. Perception, culture and aspirations.

The Human Relation MovementAn effort to make mangers more sensitive to their employees needs. It is supported by three very different historical influences:Threat of UnionizationThe Hawthorne StudiesThe Philosophy of Industrial Humanism

McGregors Theories X and YTheory XTheory Y

System ApproachA collection of parts operating interdependently to achieve a common purpose. System theorists assume that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

General Systems TheoryGeneral systems theory is an area of study based on the assumption that everything is a part of larger, interdependent arrangement.

A closed system is a self sufficient entity whereas an open system depends on the surrounding system for survival.

The Contingency Approach Contingency approach is the research effort to determine which managerial practices and techniques are appropriate in specific situations.

Contingency ApproachSystems ViewContingency ViewPurely Situational ViewVery GeneralVery SpecificEverything is made up of systems with common characteristicsRelationships between management techniques and situations can be categorizedEvery situation is totally unique

Management by Best SellerManagement by Best seller Occurs when managers read a popular book by management guru and hastily try to implement its ideas and one size for all recommendations without proper regard for their organizations unique problem and needs.

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