mg/kg - journals.ut.ac.irjournals.ut.ac.ir/article_64218_cb709aaeb3f641202f4cf26186977a53… ·...
Transcript of mg/kg - journals.ut.ac.irjournals.ut.ac.ir/article_64218_cb709aaeb3f641202f4cf26186977a53… ·...
.
CdpbCuNi
CuZnNiFAO
pbFAO/WHO
ZnCuMnCdPbNiFeCr
FeMnZnCuPb
NiCd
MnZnCu
Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cr
FAOWHOEPA
mg/l
>
FAOWHOEPA
>
ds/m
RW
WW
.
(FAO)(WHO)
(EPA)
± ± ± ± ± ± mg/l
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ± %
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ± mg/l
± ± ± ± ± ±
± ± ± ± ± ± ds/m
± ± ± ± ± ± -
± ± ± ± ± ± -
pH
EC
VARIAN, Carry 100 Scan, Australia
EDTA
USDA
Spectra AA 220VARIAN
loam
Clay loam to loam
loam
loam
loam
loam
RCBD
MSTATC
Ans*******
Error A
B********
A*Bnsnsns***
Error B
CV(%)
ns
AB
mg/kgmg/kgmg/kgmg/kgmg/kg
A1aaaaa
A2abbbb
B1aaaaa
B2bbcbb
B3bbbcb
A1*B1aaaaa
A1*B2bcebc
A1*B3bcccdc
A2*B1abbbbcb
A2*B2bcecdc
A2*B3bcddc
P
A1A2B1B2B3
13.333 12.933
8.86710.733
25.15333.133
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
WW RW WW RW WW RW
67.27
352.67
134.73239.47
1188.87
1554.33
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
WW RW WW RW WW RW
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
34.287
50.287
14.867 16.313
67.860
94.857
0
20
40
60
80
100
WW RW WW RW WW RW
0.050
0.1370.100
0.317
0.220
0.557
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
WW RW WW RW WW RW
A**********
Error A
B*********
A*B********ns
Error B
CV(%)
ns
AB
68.33389.800
60.067 76.067
373.267
494.000
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
WW RW WW RW WW RW
20.74723.267
20.353
35.333
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
WW RW WW RW
mg/kgmg/kgmg/kgmg/kgmg/kg
A1aaaaa
A2bbbbb
B1aaaab
B2bbbba
A1*B1aaaabc
A1*B2babba
A2*B1cbccbc
A2*B2bccdcc
P
A1A2B1B2B3
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
311.067
588.533
473.667
551.333
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
WW RW WW RW
38.633
63.600
45.007
95.773
0
20
40
60
80
100
WW RW WW RW
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
mg/kg
pH
pH
pH
pH
pH
OM
WHO
0.043
0.367
0.018
0.767
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
WW RW WW RW
146.333
194.000
104.400
128.000
0
50
100
150
200
WW RW WW RW
CuZnNi
FAOpbFAO/WHO
WHO
9. Afzal S. Abdul N. Nazeef U. Ali R. Muhammad
A. Muhammad Z. and Muhammad S.K. (2013)
Comparative study of heavy metals in soil and
selected medicinal plants. Journal of Chemistry,
5: 36-40.
10. Alghobar M.A. and Suresha S. (2015)
Evaluation of nutrients and trace metals and
their enrichment factors in soil and sugarcane
crop irrigated with wastewater. Geoscience and
Environment Protection, 3: 46-56.
11. Almas H. Hira R. Sana A. and Sajad R. (2016)
Heavy metal contamination in vegetables, soil
and water potential health risk assessment.
American-Eurasian Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences, 16(4): 786-794.
12. Chuan M.C. Shu G.Y. and Liu J.C. (1996)
Solubility of heavy metals in a contaminated
soil: Effects of redox potential and pH. Water,
Air and Soil Pollution, 90: 543-556.
13. Demirezen D. and Aksoy A. (2006) Heavy
metal levels in vegetation in Turkey are within
safe limits for Cu, Zn, Ni and exceeded for Cd
and Pb. Food Quality, 29(3): 252-265.
14. Eslami A. Jahed Khaniki G.R. Nurani M.
Mehrasbi M. Peyda M. and Azimi R. (2007)
Heavy metals in edible green vegetables grown
along the sites of the Zanjanrood River in
Zanjan, Iran. Biological Sciences, 7: 943-948.
15. Ewers U. (1991) Standards, guidelines and
legislative regulations concerning metals and
their compounds. In: Metals and their
Compounds in the Environment. Ed. E. Merian,
VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge:
687-711.
16. Feizi M. and Rastghalam Z. (2012) The effect of
treated wastewater irrigation on accumulation of
heavy metals in selected plants. The 1th
International and the 4th National Congress on
recycling of organic waste in agriculture, 26-27
April, Isfahan, Iran: 1-5.
17. Hassan N. Mahmood Q. Waseem A. Irshad M.
Faridullahi and Pervez A. (2013) Assessment of
heavy metals in irrigation water, soil, and wheat
plants irrigated with contaminated wastewater.
Environmental Studies, 22(1): 115-123.
18. International Soil Reference and Information
Center (1986) Procedure for soil analysis.
Wageningen Agriculture University
19. Jabeen S. Shah M.T. Khan S. and Hayat M.Q.
(2010) Determation of major and trace elements
in ten important folk therapeutic plants of
Haripur basin, Pakistan. Medicinal Plants
Research, 4(7): 559-566.
20. Jury W.A., Vaux Jr H.J. and Donald L.S. (2007)
The emerging global water crisis: managing
scarcity and conflict between water users.
Advances in Agronomy Academic Press: 1-76.
21. Liu W.X. Li H.H. Li R. and Wang Y.W. (2006)
Heavy metal accumulation of edible vegetables
cultivated in agricultural soil in the suburb of
Zhengzhou City, people's Republic of China.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, 76: 163-70.
22. Marshall F.M. Agarwal R. Lintelo D. Te,
Bhupal D.S. Rana Singh P.B. Mukherjee N. Sen
C. Poole N. Agrawal M. and Singh S.D. (2003)
Heavy metal contamination of vegetables in
Delhi. Executive Summary of Technical Report:
10. http://www.dfid.gov.uk.
23. Masona C. Mapfaire L. Mapurazi S. and
Makanda R. (2011) Assessment of heavy metal
accumulation in wastewater irrigated soil and
uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L) at Firle
Farm in Harare. Sustainable Development, 4(6):
132-137.
24. Mohamed A.E. Rashed M.N. and Mofty A.
(2003) Assessment of essential and toxic
elements in some kinds of vegetables.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safty, 55:
251-260.
25. Mohamed H.H.A. and Khairia M.A.Q. (2012)
Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables,
cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabian markets.
Aquatic Research, 38: 31-37.
26. Murtaza G. Ghafoor A. Qadir M. and Rashid
M.K. (2003) Accumulation and bioavailability
of Cd, Co and Mn in soils and vegetables
irrigated with City Effluent. Pakistan Journal of
Agricultural Sciences, (1-2): 18-24.
27. Murtaza G. Usman M. and Ahmad H.R. (2015)
Monitoring and management of wastewater for
safer crop production. Global Journal on
Advances Pure and Applied Sciences, 5: 78-85.
28. Nawaz U. Qaisar M. Amir W. Muhammad I.
Fariullah and Arshad P. (2013) Assessment of
heavy metals in wheat plants irrigated with
contaminated wastewater. Environmental
Studies, 22(1): 115-123.
29. Noor-ul- A. Anwar H. Sidra A. and Shumaila B.
(2013) Accumulation of heavy metals in edible
parts of vegetables irrigated with waste water
and their daily intake to adults and children,
District Mardan, Pakistan. Food Chemistry, 136:
1515-1523.
30. Olsen S.R. Cole C.V. Watanabe F.S. and Dean
L.A. (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus
in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.,
USDA Circ. 939.
31. Pandey J. and Pandey U. (2009) Accumulation
of heavy metals in dietary vegetables and
cultivated soil horizon in organic farming
system relation to atmospheric deposition in a
seasonally dry tropical region of India.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
148(1-4): 61-74.
32. Pedrero F. Allende A. Gil M.I. and Alarcon J.J.
(2012) Soil chemical properties, leaf mineral
status and crop production in a lemon tree
orchard irrigated with two types of wastewater
Francisco. Agricultural Water Management,
109: 54-60.
33. Raja S. Cheema H.M.N. Babar S. Khan A.A.
Murtaza G. and Aslam U. (2015) Socio-
economic background of wastewater irrigation
and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in crops
and vegetables. Agricultural Water
Management, 158: 26-34.
34. Roqia N. Muslim K. Muhammad M. Hameed
U.R. Naveed U.R. Surrya S. Nosheen A.
Muhammad S. Mohib U. Muhammad R. and
Zeenat S. (2015) Accumulation of heavy metals
(Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil, water
and plants and analysis of physico-chemical
parameters of soil and water collected from
Tanda Dam Kohat. Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Research, 7(3): 89-97.
35. Salakinkop S.R. and Hunshal C.S. (2014)
Domestic sewage irrigation on dynamics of
nutrients and heavy metals in soil and wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) production. Recycling of
Organic Waste Agriculture, 3(3): 1-11.
36. Schouwenburg J.C.V. (1960) Micro-EDTA
titration of calcium, magnesium interference.
Analytical Chemistry, 32: 709-710.
37. Sharma R.K. Agrawal M. and Marshall F.M.
(2006) Heavy metals contamination in
vegetables grown in waste water irrigated areas
of Varanasi, India. Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology, 77: 312-318.
38. Singh P.K. Deshbhratar P.B. and Ramteke D.S.
(2012) Effects of sewage wastewater irrigation
on soil properties, crop yield and environment.
Agricultural Water Management, 103: 100-104.
39. Sklarz M.Y. Zhou M. Chavez D.L.F. Yakirevich
A. Gillor O. Gross A. and Soares M.I.M. (2013)
Effect of treated domestic wastewater on soil
physicochemical and microbiological properties.
Environmental Quality, 42: 1226-1235.
40. Sparling D.W. and Lowe T.P. (1998) Metal
concentrations in aquatic macrophytes as
influenced by soil and acidification. Water, Air
and Soil Pollution, 108(1-2): 203-221.
41. Stalikas C.D. Mantalovas A.C. and Pilidis G.A.
(1997) Multi-element concentrations in
vegetable species grown in two typical
agricultural areas of Greece. Science of the
Total Environment, 206: 17-24.
42. Thomas G.W. (1996) Soil pH and soil acidity.
In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical
methods, SSSA, Madison: 475-490.
43. Walkley A. and Black I.A. (1934) An
examination of Degtjareff method for
determining soil organic matter and proposed
modification of the chromic acid titration
method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38.
44. Zaigham H. Zubair A. Khalid U.K. Mazhar I.
Rizwan U.K. and Jabar Z.K.K. (2012) Civic
pollution and its effect on water quality of River
Toi at district Kohat, NWFP. Environmental and
Earth Sciences, vol 4, 5.