Mexican Government 12.Final

8/6/2019 Mexican Government 12.Final

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Section I

Multiple-Choice

1. Which is the correct order of puppet presidents who served during theMaximato?

a. Gen. Abelardo Rodriguez, Ortiz Rubio, Portes Gilb. Calles, Portes Gil, Ortiz Rubio, Gen. Abelardo Rodrigues, L. Cardenasc. Obregon, Calles, Ortiz Rubio, Portes Gil, Gen. Abelardo Rodriguezd. Portes Gil, Ortiz Rubio, Gen. Abelardo Rodriguez

2. Which former president was exiled by the newly elected President L.Cardenas?

a. Callesb. Portes Gilc. Ortiz Rubiod. Gen. Abelardo Rodrigues

3. Which organization, led by Luis Morones, was replaced in 1936 with the CTM.a. FATb. CROCc. CROMd. SNTE

4. President Cardenas amended which Constitutional article by creating asocialist curriculum in Mexicos public education system?

a. Article 27b. Article 123c. Article 130d. Article 3

5. Mexicos contributions to WWII were all of the following, excepta. Sanctuary for Japanese and German spiesb. Squadron 201c. natural resourcesd. labor resources

6. During whose presidency did Mexican women gain suffrage (ability to vote infederal elections)

in 1954?a. Miguel Alemanb. Ruiz Cortinesc. Avila Camachod. Lopez Mateos

7. In 1960, which industry was nationalized in Mexico.a. oilb. railroadc. electricityd. coal mining

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8. Former President Diaz Ordazs professional experiences, prior to becomingpresident, included all of the following, except

a. Federal Senatorb. President of Pueblas Superior Courtc. Governor of Pueblad. Secretario de Gobernacion, Federal Government

9. Former President Echeverria replaced the qualified Hugo Margain with closefriend Lopez Portillo, who lacked the necessary professional experience andqualifications for the position, as the Secretary of which governmentinstitution?

a. Gobernacionb. Bank of Mexico (BANXICO)c. Attorney General (PGR)d. Treasury (HACIENDA)

10. Which of the following was the most significant political reform made duringthe sexenio of Echeverria?

a. changed the name of the official political party to PRIb. replaced large percent of government bureaucrats who had attained

their positionsthrough political connections (politicos).

c. lowered the voting age from 25 to 21 years oldd. creating the Ley de Organizaciones Politicas y Procedimientos

Electorales

11. All of the following points were incorporated into the 1977 electoral reforms,known as the Ley

de Organizaciones Politicas y Procedimientos Electorales, excepta. the number of majority districts for federal deputies increased from

two-hundred tofour-hundred seats

b. opposition parties were allowed to run female candidatesc. an additional one-hundred seats were to be allocated to opposition

parties in theChamber of Deputies on the basis of proportional representation

d. unregistered parties were accorded "conditional" recognition toparticipate in the national election in order to gain full legal status

12. During the sexenio of Lopez Portillo, tecnicos competed for policy-makingpower. Correctly

identify the group of tecnicos, led initially by Carlos Tello, which proposed theuse of rapidly

increasing revenue from oil exports to build society, and the governmentssocial institutions,

from the bottom-up.a. Monetaristsb. Socialistsc. Structuralistsd. Progressives

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13. Identify the Mexican president who nationalized the banking industry in 1982.a. Lopez Portillob. De La Madridc. Salinasd. Echeverria

14. Which cabinet position did Miguel de la Madrid hold when he was chosen byLopez Portillo to

succeed him as president of Mexico?a. Secretara de Hacienda y Crdito Pblico (SHCP)b. Secretara de Gobernacin (SEGOB)c. Secretara de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL)d. Secretara de Programacin y Presupuesto (SPP)

15. All of the following were characteristics of De La Madrids Austerity Programexcept

a. all wages would be frozen at 1982 levelsb. government spending would be reduced by eliminating more than

51,000 federal jobsc. prices of government subsidized foods and services would decreased. trade markets would be opened to international competition

16. Which cabinet position did Carlos Salinas hold when he was chosen by De LaMadrid to succeed

him as president of Mexico?a. Secretara de Hacienda y Crdito Pblico (SHCP)b. Secretara de Programacin y Presupuesto (SPP)c. Secretara de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL)d. Secretara de Gobernacin (SEGOB)

17. Which political party was formed in 1988 from a coalition of leftist/socialistparties and for

which C. Cardenas became its presidential candidate (1988)?a. PARMb. PSUMc. FDNd. FSNT

18. All of the following actions were taken to ensure PRI victory in the 1988presidential election excepta. pre-prepared ballots (tacos) were rolled and stuffed into ballot boxesb. bags of opposition ballots thrown into rivers (Guerrero)c. millions of uncounted ballots, guarded by Mexican army, were burned

before they could be countedd. President De La Madrid announced that Salinas had won before the

polls closed on election night

19. Which of the following became one of the most important, long-term politicalaffects of the presidential of 1988?

a. complete loss of legitimacy of the PRI

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b. minimum voting age lowered from 21 to 18 years oldc. election of a popular PRI presidential candidate (Salinas)d. debt and inflation decreased and economy grew stronger

20. All of the following constitutional articles were amended by Salinas during hissexenio except


21. Which constitutional article was amended by Salinas in 1992 that reversedseveral key provisions of land guarantees (e.g. ejido contract)?

a. Article 27

b. Article 83c. Article 123d. Article 130

22. Which constitutional article was amended by Salinas in 1992 that reversedrestrictions placed on

the Catholic Church?a. Article 27b. Article 83c. Article 123d. Article 130

23. Which constitutional article was amended by Salinas in 1992 that reversedlabor union

protection from prosecution?a. Article 27b. Article 83c. Article 123d. Article 130

24. All of the following were criticisms or problems associated with SalinassPrograma Nacional de

Solidaridad excepta. program had no strategy to eliminate extreme povertyb. funding of projects was determined by political rather than social

needsc. approval for each expenditure required presidential approvald. mid-sexenio elections results reflected popularity of Programa Nacional

de Solidaridad

25. Which of the following positions did Ernesto Zedillo hold when Salinasnominated him to be the

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PRIs presidential candidate in the 1994 election?a. Secretara de Hacienda y Crdito Pblico (SHCP)b. Secretara de Programacin y Presupuesto (SPP)c. Secretara de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL)d. None of the above

26. All of the following events in 1994 contributed to Mexicos increasinginstability except

a. Zapatista uprising in Chiapas (January)b. Colosios assassination (March)c. Presidential election (August)d. Ruiz Massieus assassination (September)

27. All of the following are explanations for the record high turnout (77%) for the1994 presidential

elections excepta. increased government control over the IFEb. perception that the opposition could win

c. increasing credibility of Mexicos election proceduresd. desire to preserve nations stability during a chaotic period (i.e. 1994)

28. All of the following were part of election reforms passed in 1996 excepta. IFE gained full autonomyb. TRIFE was integrated into the Judicial branch of governmentc. position of Mayor of D.F. created; would now be appointed by special

commissiond. set amount of government financial support, based on percent of

popular vote inprevious federal election, to political parties

29. President Fox, who had earlier been elected as a federal diputado and astate governor, was thefirst out of the last eight presidents to have held elective office prior to

becoming president.Who had been the last president, before Fox, to have held an elective

office before becoming president?a. Manuel Avila Camachob. Miguel Alemn Valdsc. Adolfo Ruiz Cortinesd. Adolfo Lpez Mateos

30. Which Mexican state had Fox served as both a federal diputado (1988-91)and

governor (1995- 7)?a. Quertarob. Guanajuatoc. Zacatecasd. Aguascalientes

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31. Demographic trends played a critical role in Foxs victory in the presidentialelections of 2000 .

All of the following were significant demographic trends excepta. Mexico has become more urbanizedb. number of illiterate Mexicans has dropped to less than 10%c. greater number of factory jobs

d. large percent of elderly voted

32. Which government institution was created to give Mexican citizens the rightto access public

(government) information creating greater transparency and accountability inthe administration of government?

a. IFAIb. FIAPIc. ITd. SEIFI

33. Identify the social welfare program, begun during the Calderon sexenio, thatpromises to provide healthcare to all Mexicans by 2012.

a. Escuela Segurob. IMSS-Oportunidadesc. Seguro Medico para una Nueva Generaciond. Estancias Infantiles para Apoyar a Madres Trabajdoras

34. At the beginning of his presidency, Pres. Calderon inaugurated an ambitiousand expensive program, estimated to cost more than $140 billion dollars,that would dar pasos decisivos para multiplicar los intercambiosproductivos, elevar la competitividad de la economa, llevar los serviciosbsicos a ms familias, favorecer la integracin de mercados, propiciar un

desarrollo regional ms equilibrado y generar los empleos que demandanmillones de mexicanos. (Mensaje del Presidente). Identify this program.

a. Oportunidadesb. Procampoc. Infraestructura carretarad. Programa Nacional de Infraestructura

35. Identify the term associated with the type of foreign policy perspectiveadministered by Pres. Calderon.

a. soft powerb. non-interventionc. Caldod. Castaneda

36. During whose sexenio was the number of representatives in the FederalChamber of Deputies doubled?

a. De La Madridb. Salinasc. Salinasd. Fox

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37. During whose sexenio was the number of representatives in the FederalSenate doubled?

a. De La Madridb. Salinasc. Zedillo

d. Fox

38. The Supreme Court of Mexico (SCJN), which contains 2 Salas or Chambersand whose ministros hears cases related to four general categories. Which ofthe following is not one of the categories?

a. criminalb. legislativec. civild. labor

39. Identify the correct title of a judge sitting at the Circuit Court level of Mexicosfederal court system.

a. ministrosb. juicesc. magistradosd. diputados judiciales

40. The following are powers given to the President of Mexico excepta. appoint a vice-presidentb. appoint cabinet membersc. declare ward. conduct diplomatic negotiations

41. The Constitutional article which gives Mexicans the freedom to write andpublish on any matter is


42. Which of the following Mexican news agencies is the largest in the nation,with over 100 national offices and 20 foreign correspondents?

a. Infomexb. Noti-accionc. Agencia Mexicana de Infomaciond. Notimex

43. Which of the following Mexican newspaper companies is the largest in thenation, with over 90 regional newspapers?

a. Grupo Reformab. Grupo Aztecac. Organizacion Editorial Mexicanad. Grupo Mexico SA

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44. 95% of Mexicos TV market is controlled by just two companies, Televisa andTV Azteca. Which of the following market share percentages accurately reflectshow this 95% is split, approximately, between the two companies?

a. Televisa 59% and TV Azteca 36%b. Televisa 70% and TV Azteca 25%c. Televisa 55% and TV Azteca 40%

d. Televisa 40% and TV Azteca 55%

45. The IFE was formally established on October 11, 1990, as a result of a seriesof constitutional reforms approved in 1989, and of the issuing of new legislationin electoral procedures, creating a code of rules. What is the ACRONYM for thecode of electoral rules?

a. COLEYESb. PRONAFIDEc. CEMIPE

d. COFIPE

46. Vicente Lombardo Toledanos professional career found him a variety ofpositions. Lombardo Toledano did all of the following except

a. Regent of D.F. (1923-4)b. temporary governor of the state of Puebla (1925)c. federal senator (1926-32)d. presidential candidate for the Popular Party (1958)

47. The PRD was officially recognized in 1989. What was the name of thiscoalition of socialist

parties before it became the PRD?a. PARMb. PPSc. PMSd. FDN

48. Which of the following is not one of the PANs original (1939) principles?a. redistribution of land to peasants (ejidos)b. limited government role in the economyc. support the amendment of the anti-clerical Article 130d. less burdensome tax regulations for small business owners

49. Which small, right-wing party, created after members of the PAN split fromthe party in 1979,

won 10 seats in the federal Chamber of Deputies in 1979?a. UNOb. PDMc. PCMd. PARM

50. Identify the most accurate definition of the term corporatism.

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a. An "economic, social and political doctrine which expresses thestruggle for the equal distribution of wealth by eliminating privateproperty and the exploitative ruling class

b. A political system in which various groups (for instance, the military,labor, and peasants) are organized into official constituencies. Thevarious constituencies influence government policy and are supported

by government patronagec. system of government that is marked by stringent social and economic

control, a strong,centralized government usually headed by a dictator

d. a totalitarian system of government in which a single authoritarianparty controls state-owned means of production with the professed aimof establishing a stateless society

51. Five major phases of economic performance and policy-making can beidentified in Mexican economic development. Which one of the following five isnot one of those phases?

a. import-substitution (1950s-late 1970s)

b. the oil boom (1976-81)c. the debt crisis (1982-7)d. neoliberalism (1984-present)e. mercantilist/corporatist polices (1994-present)

52. Which Mexican foreign policy doctrine was based on non-intervention in theinternal affairs of

other nations?a. Calvo Clausesb. Estrada Doctrinec. Carranza Doctrined. Calles Principles

53. Foreign governments should not judge, for good or bad, governmentschanges in governments

in other nations, because it would imply a breach to its sovereignty.Mexican Foreign Minister (1932)

Which Mexican foreign policy doctrine, originally called the Mexico Doctrine,was based not

only on principles of non-intervention but also rejected the idea of givingformal recognition to

any nation?a. Calvo Clausesb. Estrada Doctrinec. Carranza Doctrined. Calles Principles

54. Contrary to Mexicos stated foreign policies, the Mexican government actedin ways that

challenged its own doctrines. Which of the following examples does notbelong?

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a. 1956-9, governments of Ruiz Cortines and Lopez Mateos allowed FidelCastro, and CheGuevara, to train a small army of Cuban exiles outside D.F. to be usedto overthrow Cuban leader Batistas government.

b. 1973, Echeverrias government boycotted the general assembly of theOAS meeting to

protest the military coup in Chile, which replaced the socialistgovernment of Allende with the right-wing government of Pinochet

c. late 1970s, Lopez Portillo clearly supported the efforts of NicaraguanCommunist rebels,the Sandinstas, to overthrow the government of Nicaragua 2003,

d. the Fox government clearly supported the U.S.-led coalition invasion ofIraq and the replacing of Saddam Husseins government with a pro-U.Sgovernment.

Section II

Directions:You have the remainder of the exam period to answer six short-answerconcept questions. Respond to all parts of all questions. Youshould use no more than 30 minutes on questions 1 3 and 30minutes on question four. In your responses, use substantiveexamples where appropriate.

Short-Answer Concepts: Spend no more than 45 minutes total on questions1 through 3.

1. Describe the centralization of political control in Mexico, between 1929-40.a. Identify, and describe the contributions of, one political leader most

responsible for the concentration of political power during this period.b. Identify, and describe the significance of, one event or reform that led to

greater political control during this period.c. Create an outline or model for a new type of electoral system and federal

legislature that would be more attentive to the Mexican electorate.

2. Describe the evolution of Mexicos economic policies from the 1930s-1990s.a. Identify, and briefly describe, the main parts or features of two important

economic policies implemented by the Mexican government during thisperiod.

b. What might happen if you combined the strengths of economic policiesused in Mexico since the 1930s?

c. Place in order of priority, and briefly explain, the measures taken in theAusterity program of the mid-1980s to reform the economy.

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d. Identify specific measures that need to be taken today to bring aboutgrowth in the Mexican economy.

3. Compare and contrast the social reforms of Carlos Salinas and FelipeCalderon.

Conceptual Analysis: Spend approximately 30 minutes on this response.

4. According to former Mexican Minister of Foreign Relations Jorge Castanedasassessment of Pres. Calderons war against drug cartels, We are in this messtoday, as opposed to over the last 40 or 50 years, because when the current president, FelipeCaldern, took office over three years ago, he felt that he had no choice but to declare a full-fledged, no-holds-barred war on drugs. And he declared this war because he had the impression

that it was as if a patient had come to him and said, "I have a stomachache." Thinking it was aproblem of appendicitis, he opened the patient up and found that the entire abdominal cavity was

invaded by cancer. He had no option other than to go in with everything he had to fix it. This wasthe country Caldern said he found. He had to declare a war on drugs because the drug cartelshad reached a level of power, wealth, violence, and penetration of the state that made the

situation untenable.

Evaluate the various strategies Pres. Calderon had used in dismantlingnetworks of narco-terrorism in Mexico and explain their effect on the political,economic, and social

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Mexican Government 12.Final

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