Metodos Plata

7/21/2019 Metodos Plata

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/metodos-plata 1/20

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

“SANTIAGO ANTÚNEZ DE MAYOLO”

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DE MINAS, GEOLOGÍA Y METALURGIA

ESCUELA ACADÉMICA: INGENIERÍA DE MINAS

AÑO Y SEMESTRE ACADÉMICO: 2015 – I

CICLO: IV

CURSO: QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA

TRABAJO: MÉTODOS GRAVIMÉTRICOS PARA LA

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA PLATA

DOCENTE: OLIVERA DE LA CRUZ EDGAR

RESPONSABLES: AGUILAR BORA, !ALTER

GAL"N GARCÍA, LEONARDO

M"RQUEZ AQUINO, BEC#ER

RODRIGUEZ ROBLES, ERIC#

SALVADOR ARA, PAUL

$UARAZ – PER%

2015



INTRODUCCIÓN

E& '()&*+*+ -'.*/-*3 3 '()&*+*+ 4'(*'*.3 3- 6+'7'+ 3(+*+6 6( &'

+6'-'*8( 9 3+6-*3- 6+'7', 76 4( 6&6/6(3 3 3/46+3 76 3/3+**8(

:4;/*' 3(3*7'< E+' +4+'(*' 76=6 3=6(6-+6 6( 6& /'93- 6+'73 76 4-6>'

3+*=&6 9 76=6 6(3(-'-+6 6( 4(' -6&'*8( 6+6:4*3/-*' 76?*(*7' 3( 6&

E&6/6(3 3 3/46+3 :46 +6 76+6' 766-/*('-< L3+ -6+4&'73+ +6 '&4&'( '

'-*- 76 &' /67*7' 76 &' /'+' 76 &' +4+'(*' +6'-'7'<

GRAVIMETRÍA



E( &'+ 766-/*('*3(6+ -'.*/-*'+, 6& '('&*3 76=6 -'(+?3-/'-+6 6( 4('

+4+'(*' 4-' 9 6+'=&6 3(.6(*6(6 '-' 376- 6+'-&', 46+ 6& @*3 76& '()&*+*+

766(76 76& 6+3 76 +8&*73 3=6(*73 '& ?*('& 76& -367*/*6(3 6@6-*/6('&<

E& 4(3 &'.6 76 4( /373 -'.*/-*3 6+

L3+ /373+ -'.*/-*3+ 76 '()&*+*+ +6 4676( &'+*?*'- 3( ='+6 6( &' ?3-/'

6( :46 +6 6?6' &' +6'-'*8( 6( /373+ 7*-63+ 3 76 -6**'*8( 9

/373+ *(7*-63+ 3 76 .3&'*&*>'*8( 3 76+-6(7*/*6(3<

L3+ /373+ 7*-63+ 3 76 -6**'*8( 7*-6', +3( ':4&&3+ 6( &3+ 4'&6+ 6&

'('&*3 +6 -'(+?3-/', /67*'(6 -6'*3(6+ :4;/*'+ '764'7'+, 6( 4(

-6**'73 33 +3&4=&6 :46 3(*6(6 6& 6&6/6(3 ' 766-/*('-< S6 +3/66 ' 4(

766-/*('73 -''/*6(3 -/*3 9 3+6-*3-/6(6 +6 6+'< C3( &' /'+' 76&

-6**'73 9 ?'3-6+ -'.*/-*3+ +6 766-/*(' &' 3/3+**8( 76 &' /46+-'

3-**('&<

A&4('+ 766-/*('*3(6+ 76 6+6 *3 +3( 6& '()&*+*+ 76 &3-3 3 76 &'' 3-

-6**'*8( 3/3 &3-4-3 76 &'' 3 6& '()&*+*+ 76 (;:46&, -6**)(73&3 3/3

7*/6*&&*3@*/'3 76 (;:46&< E& 3/3(6(6 ' 766-/*('- +6 +6'-' 3-

-6**'*8( 9 ?*&-'*8(< L' 6+'7' +6 4676 6?64'- 76 -6+ /'(6-'+

' E( &' /*+/' ?3-/' :4;/*' 6( :46 +6 -6**8<

= T-'(+?3-/'(73 6& -6**'73 6( 3-3 3/46+3, :46 3(6(' 6& /*+/3

'('&*3, 6-3 :46 -6(' /63-6+ 3(7**3(6+ '-' +6- 6+'73<

T-'(+?3-/'(73 6& -6**'73 6( 3-3 3/46+3 :46 (3 3(*6(6 6&

'('&*3, 6-3 :46 6+) &*'73 ' +6 3- 4(' -6&'*8( 6+6:4*3/-*'

3(3*7'<

MEDIR LAS MASAS CON ETREMO CUIDADO<

CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS MÉTODOS



DETERMINACIÓNDE

PRECIPITADOOBTENIDO

TRATAMIENTOPOSTERIOR

SUSTANCIAPESADA

' I3( &'' A AC& +6'73 AC&

= I3( /'(6+*3M2

F3+?'3 76

'/3(*3 9/'(6+*3

MN$HPOH<$2O

C'&*('*8( '-'766-/*('- 6&-6**'73

P*-3?3+?'3 76/'(6+*3

I3( 3'*3 #

$6@'&3-3&'*('3

763'*3#HPC&

F*&-'*8(,-67*+3&4*8( 76&

-6**'73 9-674*8( 76&&'*(3 ' P

P

• E+:46/' 76 4( '()&*+*+ -'.*/-*3 7*-63<

• E+:46/' 76 4( '()&*+*+ -'.*/-*3 *(7*-63<

Precipitado:

Compuesto puro

Con la masaobtenida yfactoresgravimétricos

Se determina la masa delcompuesto o elementopresente en la muestraoriginal. Cálculos posteriorespermiten determinarla composición de la muestra

ori inal %

eali!ar procesos"iversos

"isolver por un#étodo adecuado

#uestra: se sabe $uéContiene (analito) perono se sabe cuánto.



A. POR PRECIPITACIÓN

eali!ar procesosdiversos

"isolver por un#étodo adecuado

#uestra:se sabe $ué contiene(analito) pero no sesabe cuánto.

Precipitado

Se determina la masa delcompuesto o elementopresente en la muestraoriginal con la masa de lamuestra se determina laComposición (%)

Se calienta paradesprender sustancias

Se pesa de nuevamente

Con la diferencia de masa yfactores gravimétricos



MARCO TEÓRICO

1. MÉTODOS GRAVIMÉTRICOS DE ANLISIS

E( 6& '()&*+*+ -'.*/-*3 6& '('&*3 6+ 3(.6-*73 6( 4(' 6+6*6 *(+3&4=&6:46 +6 +6'-' 3- ?*&-'*8(, +6 &'.' 3( 4(' +3&4*8( '764'7', +6 +6' 3+6 '&*(' 3( &3 :46 6(6-'&/6(6 +6 -'(+?3-/' 6( 3-' 6+6*6 9 +66+' 4(' .6> ?-;3< A '-*- 76 &'+ /'+'+ 76& -3743 6+'73 9 76&3(3*/*6(3 76 +4 3/3+**8( :4;/*' +6 '&4&' &' 3(6(-'*8( 76'('&*3 6( &' /46+-'<

E+ &' (*' '('&;*' /)+ '(*4', 9 6@*+6 '4'&/6(6 4( -64**3 6(3(-' 76 6&&' 76 '-6 76 '&4(3+ :4;/*3+ '('&;*3+, :46 '-*=496( ' &'-'.*/6-;' &6(*47, 6+'+' +6(+*=*&*7'7 9 3=+3&6+6(*'J 6+3 -6:4*6-6

'&( 3/6('-*3<

KL' -'.*/6-;' 6+ &6(' 6+' '?*-/'*8( 6+ *6-' +* (3+ -6?6-*/3+ '& *6/3-'(+4--*73 6(-6 6& 3/*6(>3 76& '()&*+*+ 9 &' 3=6(*8( 76& -6+4&'73,6-3 (3 &3 6+ +* +6 3(+*76-' 6& *6/3 :46 &6 76/'(7' '& '('&*+'< L'/'93- '-6 76& *6/3 -'(+4--6 6( 36-'*3(6+ :46, 3/3 7*6+*8( 76&-6**'73, +6'73 9 '&*('*8(, 76/'(7'( 3' 3 (*(4(' '6(*8( 76&6-+3('& ' '-3< E+ '76/)+ &' (*' (*' '=+3&4', 6( 6& +6(*73 76:46 (3 -6:4*6-6 '&*=-'*8(J 373+ &3+ 3-3+ /373+ '('&;*3+ -6:4*6-6('&4(' ?3-/' 76 '&*=-'*8( -6.*', 9' +6' &' 766-/*('*8( 6@'' 76 &'

3(6(-'*8( 76 4( -6'*.3 3- *4&'*8( ?-6(6 ' '-3(6+ 76 '&' 4-6>'6( 6& '+3 76 &3+ /373+ .3&4/-*3+, 3 &' 3(+-4*8( 76 4(' 4-.' 76-6+46+' 76& *(+-4/6(3 ?-6(6 ' .'-*'+ +3&4*3(6+ 76 '-3(6+ 4-.' 76'&*=-'*8( 6( 6& '+3 76 &3+ /373+ *(+-4/6('&6+< L' -'.*/6-;', 6('/=*3, +8&3 -6:4*6-6 6& 3(3*/*6(3 76 &' /'+' 9 3/3+**8( :4;/*'76& -3743 6+'73 9 4(' '=&' 6-*87*' '-' '&4&'- +4 6+3 /3&64&'- 9 6& 76& '('&*3J 3- &3 '(3 6+ &' (*' '764'7' 4'(73 +6 76=6 '('&*>'- 4( (/6-3 6:463 76 /46+-'+<

!. MECANISMO DE PRECIPITACIÓN

L' ?3-/'*8( 76 4(' ?'+6 +8&*7' 6( 6& +6(3 76 4(' +3&4*8( +'4-'7' 6+ 4(-36+3 '&'/6(6 3/&63 9 3( '-'6-;+*'+ -3*'+ 76& -6**'73:46 +6 6+) ?3-/'(73< P3- 3-3 &'73, -6**'73+ 76 4(' /*+/' +4+'(*'4676( '/=*'- -3?4(7'/6(6 +6( &'+ 3(7**3(6+ 6( :46 +6 &3+3=4.3< E+6 '(3-'/' (3+ *(7*' :46 (3 6@*+6 4( /6'(*+/3 (*3 76-6**'*8(< S*( 6/='-3 6@*+6( -6+ 6''+ 6( 6& -36+3 76-6**'*8( :46 +3( 3/4(6+ ' 373+ &3+ -6**'73+, +* =*6( 34--6( 6(

'7' '+3 3( '-'6-;+*'+ -3*'+, 9 :46 +6 '( 3(+*76-'73 '-' &'6&'=3-'*8( 76 4( -36+3 *76'&*>'73 76 -6**'*8(< E+6 -36+3



+43(6 :46 6+'+ 6''+ +6 4/&6( +46+*.'/6(6 9 :46 4(' 76 6&&'+76=6 3/&6'-+6 '(6+ 76 6(-'- 6( &' +*4*6(6, ' 6+'- 76 :466.*76(*'+ 76 7*?6-6(6 *3 *(7*'( :46 6( 6(6-'& 34--6( 3( '&(-'73 76 +*/4&'(6*7'7< L'+ -6+ 6''+ 76& /376&3 *76'&*>'73 +3(N4&6'*8(, C-6*/*6(3 9 E(.66*/*6(3<

". NUCLEACIÓN

D4-'(6 6+' 6'' +6 ?3-/'( -*+'&6+ +4/'/6(6 6:463+J 3/3*(.3&4-'( /49 33 /'6-*'&, &' 3(6(-'*8( 76 &' +3&4*8(-)*'/6(6 (3 +6 /37*?*'< S6 +43(6 :46 6& (/6-3 76 -*+'&6+ :467'76?*(*73 6( 6+' 6'' 4(' .6> ?3-/'73+ &3+ (&63+ 6& /'6-*'& 6(+3&4*8( +6 763+*' 6( &' 6'' 76 -6*/*6(3 +3=-6 6&&3+ 9 (3 +6 ?3-/'(

(46.3+ (&63+ &463 76 6+' 6''< E( 3(+646(*' '/=*( 6& '/'3-3/67*3 76 &'+ '-;4&'+ +6 76?*(*-;' 6( 6+' 6'', -'(76 +* +6 ?3-/'-3(33+ (&63+, 6:463 +* &3+ (&63+ ?46-3( /43+<

E& 3*6(6 Q SS +6 3(36 3/3 +3=-6+'4-'*8( -6&'*.'< D6'46-73 3( 6+' 6@-6+*8(, 4'(3 /'93- 6+ &' +3=-6+'4-'*8(, /6(3- 6+6& '/'3 -3/67*3 76 &'+ '-;4&'+, &3 :46 (3+ *(7*' :46 +6 ' ?3-/'734( /'93- (/6-3 76 (&63+< A +4 .6> 4'(3 /'93- +6' 6& .'&3- 76 S 96(6-'&/6(6 S '4/6(' 3( &' 6/6-'4-', /6(3- +6-) 6& 3*6(6 Q SS, 9 /6(3- +6-) 6(3(6+ 6& (/6-3 76 (&63+ ?3-/'73+, -6+4&'(73 6(

'-;4&'+ /'93-6+< P'-' 3=6(6- /'93- ?'*&*7'7 6( 6& ?*&-'73 9 &'.'73, '&' .6> :46 /6(3- 3('/*('*8( 3( */4-6>'+, 6+ 3(.6(*6(6 3=6(6- '-;4&'+ 76 /'93- '/'3, 3- &3 :46 76 +6- 3+*=&6 +6 76=6-)( '4+'- &'+ 3(7**3(6+ 76 -6**'*8( ' ?*( 76 /'(6(6- 6( 4( /;(*/3 6& 3*6(6Q SS< E+3 6-/*6 76?*(*- &'+ 3(7**3(6+ 6( :46 76=6 6?64'-+6 4('-6**'*8( '-' &3-'- '-;4&'+ /'93-6+ +6 76=6( /6>&'- -6'*.3+7*&4*73+, /'(6(6- ='' &' +3=-6+'4-'*8( -6&'*.' 3- /6>&'73 &6(3 9'*'*8( *(6(+', -'=''(73 6( 3(7**3(6+ 6( &'+ :46 &' +3&4=*&*7'7 76&-6**'73 +6' '&'< S* 6+ (66+'-*3, '-' :46 &' -6**'*8( +6'3/&6', +6 4676 7*+/*(4*- &' +3&4=*&*7'7 76& -6**'73 '*' 6& ?*('& 76

&' -6**'*8(, 4'(73 &3+ (&63+ 9' 6+)( ?3-/'73+ 9 4(' 7*+/*(4*8(6( &' +3&4=*&*7'7 (3 -6+4&' 6( &' ?3-/'*8( 76 (&63+ (46.3+ +*(3 6( 4(768+*3 +3=-6 &'+ '-;4&'+ 9' 6@*+6(6+<

#. CRECIMIENTO



E( 6+' 6'' 6& /'6-*'& 76 &' +3&4*8( +3=-6+'4-'7' +6 763+*' +3=-6&3+ (&63+ -66@*+6(6+ '+' '&'(>'- -*+'&6+ 76 '/'3/'-3+8*3J *76'&/6(6, 6( 6+' 6'' (3 +6 ?3-/'( (46.3+ (&63+<

E& -6*/*6(3 76 &3+ (&63+ 6+ 4( -36+3 3/&63 &3+ *3(6+ (3 +6

763+*'( '& '>'- +3=-6 &' +46-?**6 76& -*+'&, 76=6( -6+6'- &'++646(*'+ 76& -6;4&3< E( -*/6- &4'-, &3+ *3(6+ 76=6( '&'(>'- &'+46-?**6 76& +8&*73 3- 7*?4+*8( 76+76 6& +6(3 76 &' +3&4*8(, 9 &463 +6*-)( *(3-3-'(73 3-76('7'/6(6 '& -6;4&3< E& /)+ &6(3 76 6+3+ 73+-36+3+ 766-/*('-) &' .6&3*7'7 76 -6*/*6(3 76& -*+'&<

D4-'(6 6& -6*/*6(3 4676( *(3-3-'-+6 '& -*+'& *3(6+ 6@-'3+ 3/3&4&'+ 76 +3&.6(6, 3( 7*/6(+*3(6+ 7*+*('+ ' &'+ 76 &3+ *3(6+-6*4&'-6+J '+; +6 6(6-'( 76?63+ -*+'&*(3+, 3( ?3-/'*8( 76 6+'&3(6+3 7*+&3'*3(6+, :46 '6&6-'( 6& -6*/*6(3< C4'(73 &' +3=-6+'4-'*8(-6&'*.' 6+ /49 6&6.'7' &' '(*7'7 76 *3(6+ :46 '&'(>'( &' +46-?**6 76&

-*+'& 3- 7*?4+*8( 6+ /49 '&', +46-*3- ' &' :46 +33-' 4( -6*/*6(33-76('73< E( '+3+ 6@-6/3+ +6 -3746 4( -6*/*6(3 76(7-;*3,-6+4&'(6 6( '-;4&'+ 3( 4(' -'( +46-?**6 3- 4(*7'7 76 /'+' 9 :46'& /*-3+3*3 -6+6('( '+63 76 -'/'+ 76 *(3< U(' '-'6-;+*'*/3-'(6 76 &3+ -*+'&6+ 76(7-;*3+ 6+ :46 +6 */4-*?*'( 3( ?'*&*7'7 9+6 :4*6=-'( ?)*&/6(6, &3 4)& .' 6( 76-*/6(3 76 &'+ -3*67'76+=4+'7'+ 6( 4( -6**'73<

$. ENVEJECIMIENTO

C4'(73 4( +8&*73 -6*6(6/6(6 -6**'73 +6 76' 3- '&( *6/3 6(3('3 3( &' +3&4*8( ' '-*- 76 &' 4)& +6 3=4.3 '4'+ /'7-6+,+3=-6 373 ' 6/6-'4-' 6&6.'7', +6 ?3-/'( -*+'&6+ /)+ -'(76+ 9-64&'-6+ :46 +3( /)+ ?)*&/6(6 ?*&-'=&6+ 9 '/=*( /)+ 4-3+<

%. CONTAMINACIÓN DE LOS PRECIPITADOS

L' 3('/*('*8( 76 4( -6**'73 3- -6**'*8( +*/4&)(6' 33+-6**'*8( 6+ 4( -3=&6/' :46 -6.6&' 4( 6(?3:46 *(3--63 76&'()&*+*+J (3 76=6( '&*'-+6 /373+ 76 '()&*+*+ 3- -6**'*8( +*(3(36- 6@''/6(6 &' 3/3+**8( 6(6-'& 76 &' /'-*> 76 &' /46+-', 6+76*- 3(36- 4)&6+ +3( &'+ +4+'(*'+ :46 '3/''( '& '('&*3-3=&6/' 76 /373 76 6&*/*('- -6.*'/6(6 373+ &3+ 3+*=&6+ *(6-?6-6(6+<E+3+ 73+ *3+ 76 3('/*('*8( (3 34--*-)( 74-'(6 4( '()&*+*+3--6'/6(6 &'(*?*'73, 9 (3 +6-)( -''73+<



P3- 3-6**'*8(, 6@*+6( 73+ /6'(*+/3+ 3+*=&6+ ' '7+3-*8( 76*/4-6>'+ 6( &' +46-?**6 9 = 3&4+*8( 3 '--'+-6 76 */4-6>'+ '& *(6-*3- 76& -6;4&3<

&' ADSORCIÓNL'+ */4-6>'+ +3( -66(*7'+ +3=-6 &' +46-?**6 76 &'+ '-;4&'+-*/'-*'+< A& 6+47*'- &'+ '-'6-;+*'+ 76 &3+ 3&3*76+ .*/3+ :466@*+6( 6( &' *(6-?'> +8&*73+3&4*8( '-'+ 4(4'&6+ (3 +'4-'7'+ :46'-'6( 6&6-3+)*'/6(6 ' *3(6+ -6+6(6+ 6( 6& +6(3 76 &' +3&4*8(,?3-/)(73+6 4(' '' -*/'-*' '7+3-=*7' +3=-6 &' +46-?**6 76& -6;4&3<L' -6+6(*' 76 6+' '' -*/'-*' 766-/*(' &' 6@*+6(*' 76 4(' ''7*?4+' 76 3(-'*3(6+ 6( &' +3&4*8( 6-'(' ' &' +46-?**6 76& +8&*73< E&+8&*73 -6**'73 +*6/-6 *6(76 ' '7+3-=6- 3/3 '' -*/'-*' '& *8(76 +4 -6;4&3 -6+6(6 6( 6@6+3<

(' OCLUSIÓN

C3(+*+6 6( 6& '--'+-6 76 */4-6>'+ 6( 6& *(6-*3- 76 4( -*+'& 74-'(6+4 -6*/*6(3< E@*+6( 73+ /6'(*+/3+ 3+*=&6+, &3+ :46 4676(34--*- +6'-'7' 3 +*/4&)(6'/6(6

' O&4+*8( 76 *3(6+ 6@-'3+ 6( 6& -6;4&3 76& -6**'73< S6 -'' 76*3(6+ ''6+ 76 +4+*4*- ' &3+ '*3(6+ 3 '(*3(6+ 76& -6;4&3-*+'&*(3< G6(6-'&/6(6 &3+ *3(6+ 76& -*+'& +6 +4+*496( 74-'(6 6&

-6*/*6(3 3( *3(6+ 76 *4'& '-' 9 '/'3 -6+6(6+ 6( &'+3&4*8(< L3+ -*+'&6+ :46 +6 ?3-/'( ' '-*- 76 6+'+ +4+*4*3(6+3(+*496( +3&4*3(6+ +8&*7'+ 9 +6 -3746( 6( -'(3+ 763(6(-'*8( 6+6;?*3+<

= O&4+*8( 76 *3(6+ :46 +6 '7+3-=*6-3( 74-'(6 6& -6*/*6(3< S6-'' 76 *3(6+ :46 (3 6(''( 6( 6& -6;4&3, 6+ 76*-, (3 +3( ''6+76 +4+*4*- ' &3+ *3(6+ (3-/'&6+ 76& -*+'&J 6( 3(+646(*' &' 3&4+*8(76 &3+ /*+/3+ '4+' */6-?6*3(6+ 6( 6& -*+'& ?3-/'73< C3/3 9' +676+-*=*8, 6+'+ 3&4+*3(6+ 34--6( 6(6-'&/6(6 3( -6**'73+ 76

('4-'&6>' -*+'&*(', 73(76 6& -6*/*6(3 &&6.' ' &' ?3-/'*8( 76-*+'&6+ -6&'*.'/6(6 -'(76+< L3+ *3(6+ 6@-'3+ 3&4*73+ 4676(+6- 6&*/*('73+ 6( -'( /67*7' 74-'(6 &' /'74-'*8( 6( &'-67*+3&4*8( 9 -6-6**'*8( :46 34--6 74-'(6 &' 7*6+*8( 76-*+'&6+ */6-?63+ +6 ?3-/'( -*+'&6+ 3( /6(3- +46-?**66@46+'< L'+ */4-6>'+ *(**'&/6(6 3&4*7'+ -63-('( ' &' +3&4*8( 9(3 .46&.6( ' '7+3-=6-+6 46+ &' .6&3*7'7 76 -6*/*6(3 -*+'&*(374-'(6 &' 7*6+*8( 76& -6**'73 6+ /43 /)+ &6(' :46 6( &'?3-/'*8( *(**'& 76& +8&*73<

1. DIGESTIÓN DEL PRECIPITADO



Y' +6 3/6(8 '(6-*3-/6(6 &' 3(.6(*6(*' 76 /'(6(6- 6& -6**'73

74-'(6 4( *6-3 *6/3 6( 3('3 3( &'+ '4'+ /'7-6+,

?-646(6/6(6 ' 6/6-'4-' +46-*3- ' &' 76& '/=*6(6 .6-

E(.66*/*6(3 -*+'&*(3< S* &' +3&4=*&*7'7 76& -6**'73 6+ -'(76, +6-)

(66+'-*3 76'- 6(?-*'- ' 6/6-'4-' '/=*6(6 '(6+ 76 ?*&-'-<

E& -36+3 76 7*6+*8( 6+ /49 *& '-' -6**'73+ -*+'&*(3+, 9 '&3

=6(6?**3+3 '-' &3+ -6**'73+ 3'4&'73+, 6-3 (3 +46&6 4*&*>'-+6 '-'

&3+ -6**'73+ 6&'*(3+3+<

!. )ILTRACIÓN

E+ (66+'-*3 '-' &' +6'-'*8( 76& -6**'73 76 &'+ '4'+ /'7-6+<

S3=-6 &' .6&3*7'7 76 ?*&-'*8( *(?&496( &3+ +*4*6(6+ ?'3-6+ *+,-/,-&

0* 2&,*-3& 43,-&5,*, ,&2&67 0* 8&-,9/& 9 /&-&/,*-9+,3/&+ 2*/53/&+

0* 8-*/383,&07, '76/)+ 76 &' ;3+/7+30&0 76& &;:4*73 :46 '-'.*6+' 6&

?*&-3<

L' ?*&-'*8( (3 76=6 3(+*76-'-+6 +3&'/6(6 3/3 4(' +6'-'*8(

/6)(*', 46+ 6@*+6( ?6(8/6(3+ +46-?**'&6+ 6( &3+ '*&'-6+ :46

46'( 4( '6& */3-'(6< A&4(3+ 76 +3+ +3( &3+ +*4*6(6+

'< <30-&,&/3=5< L' -66(*8( 76 '4' 3- &3+ '*&'-6+ 3 6&6/6(3+

?*&-'(6+ *6(6 -'( */3-'(*' 6( &' .6&3*7'7 76 ?*&-'73< E+' 6+ &'

-'>8( 76 3- :4, ' .66+, ?*&-3+ 3( '/'3+ 76 3-3 -6&'*.'/6(6

-'(76+ 4676( -66(6- -6**'73+ /49 ?*(3+<

=< A0+7-/3=5. L' 6&4&3+' 76& '6& 76 ?*&-3 -6+6(' -3*67'76+

'7+3-*.'+ 76 *6-' *(6(+*7'7< E( /43+ '+3+ 6+3 +6 76=6 '

-36+3+ 76 *(6-'/=*3 *8(*3 6( &3+ :46 '-**'( -43+ '(*8(*3+'-=3@*&3+<

< E4*/,7 **/,-7/35>,3/7< E& 36(*'& 76+'--3&&'73 6(-6 &' 3--*6(6 76

&;:4*73 9 &'+ '-676+ 76& '*&'- 4676 4'- 4( '6& */3-'(6 6( &'

?*&-'*8(< C4'(73 +6 ?*&-'( 7*+3&4*3(6+ '43+'+, 6& ?*&-3, :46 *6(6 4('

3(+'(6 7*6&-*' /6(3- :46 &3+ &;:4*73+, '7:4*6-6 '-' (6'*.' 9

3- 6&&3 '-'6 &'+ '-;4&'+ 3&3*7'&6+ 3+**.'+ 9 -66&6 &'+ (6'*.'+<



7< E4*/,7 0* 8-7837 8-*/383,&07. N3 '9 :46 3&.*7'- :46 6& -3*3

-6**'73 '6 76 ?*&-3, 76 ?3-/' :46 4'(73 +6 -'' 76 4(

-6**'73 6&'*(3+3, &' .6&3*7'7 76 ?*&-'*8( 4676 76-66-

3(+*76-'=&6/6(6< P3- 6&&3, +6 '3+4/=-' ' -'(+?6-*- 6& -6**'73

3( &'+ &*/'+ 3-*3(6+ 76 &'+ '4'+ /'7-6+<

L' 6&6*8( 76& /'6-*'& ?*&-'(6 76=6 '6-+6 6( ?4(*8( 76& '/'3

76 &3+ -*+'&6+ 9 76& -''/*6(3 -/*3 3+6-*3-<

6< )3,-&/3=5 87- 8&8*. S6 &&6.' ' '=3 36-'(73 3/3 +6 *(7*' 6( &'

F*4-' << $' 76 -6'&*>'-+6 3( '6& 4'(*'*.3 +*( 6(*>'+ 9 6+

'764'73 '-' -6**'73+ 6&'*(3+3+ 9 ':46&&3+ :46 76=6(

'&*('-+6 '(6+ 76 +6- 6+'73+< P3- +446+3, (3 6+ '764'73 '-'

-6**'73+ 3- 66/&3, AC& :46 6('( 6(76(*' ' -674*-+6 3(

6& '-=8( 3 &3+ '+6+ ?3-/'73+ '& :46/'-+6 6& '6&<

". LAVADO DEL PRECIPITADO

E& &'.'73 76=6 6?64'-+6 3( '&3 76 -6'*.3 -6**'(6, '-' 7*+/*(4*-

&'+ -7*7'+ 3- +3&4=*&*>'*8( 76& -6**'73< T'/=*( '9 :46 6(6- 6(

46(' &' 3+*=&6 6(76(*' 76& -6**'73 ' 6*>'-+6< S* 6+3 34--6, +6

&'.' 3( 4( 6&6-3&*3, 6& 4'& 76=6 6&*/*('-+6 ?)*&/6(6<

A()&*+*+ G-'.*/-*3 25

E+ */3-'(6 6(6- 6( 46(' &3 +*4*6(6 '-' 4(' '(*7'7 7'7' 76

&;:4*73 76 &'.'73, 6& -6**'73 +6 &'.'-) /)+ 3/&6'/6(6 4+'(73/4'+ 3-*3(6+ 6:46'+ :46 +* +6 6/&6'( 3'+ 3-*3(6+ -'(76+<

E& &'.'73 3- 76'('*8( -6+6(' &'+ .6(''+ 76 :46 &' 6?*'*' 6+

/'93-, '& 376- '*'- &' +4+6(+*8( 76& -6**'73 6( 6& .'+3 9 6& &;:4*73

76 &'.'73 '+' 3- 6& ?*&-3 3( /)+ ?'*&*7'7 '(6+ 76 :46 &3+ 3-3+ +6

3=+-49'( 3 :4676( 4=*6-3+ 3- '-;4&'+ 76& -6**'73< D6 37'+

?3-/'+, (3 +*6/-6 6+ =6(6?**3+3 &'.'- 3- 76'('*8(, 9' :46 +* 6&

-6**'73 6+ 76 -'(3 -46+3 9 ?*&-' =*6(, (3 +6 '(' /43 '&*'(736+6 /373<



B. POR VOLATILIZACIÓN:

E( 6+6 /373 +6 /*76( &3+ 3/3(6(6+ 76 &' /46+-' :46 +3( 34676( +6- .3&)*&6+< E& /373 +6-) 7*-63 +* 6.'3-'/3+ 6& '('&*3 9 &3

'6/3+ '+'- ' -'.+ 76 4(' +4+'(*' '=+3-=6(6 :46 ' +*73

-6.*'/6(6 6+'7' '+; &' '('(*' 76 6+3 3--6+3(76-) '& '('&*3

=4+'73J 6& /373 +6-) *(7*-63 +* .3&'*&*>'/3+ 6& '('&*3 9 6+'/3+ 6&

-6+*743 3+6-*3- ' &' .3&'*&*>'*8( '+; 46+ &' -7*7' 76 6+3 +4?-*7'

3--6+3(76 '& '('&*3 :46 ' +*73 .3&'*&*>'73<

E& /373 3- .3&'*&*>'*8( +3&'/6(6 4676 4*&*>'-+6 +* 6& '('&*3 6+ &'(*' +4+'(*' .3&)*& 3 +* 6& '=+3-=6(6 6+ +6&6*.3 '-' 6& '('&*3<

S6 +6'-' '& '('&*3 /67*'(6 76+*&'*8( 3 +4=&*/'*8(, '-'

3+6-*3-/6(6

P6+'- 6& -3743<

M67*- &' -7*7' 76 6+3 76 &' /46+-'<

C< MÉTODO POR ELECTRODEPOSICIÓN:

E+6 /373 +6 ='+' 6( &' 763+**8( +3=-6 4( 6&6-373 76

4( 3/46+3 76 -6&'*8( 3(3*7' 3( 6& '('&*3 :46 +6 -6:4*6-6

4'(*?*'-< L' 4'(*?*'*8( +6 -6'&*>' /67*'(6 &' 7*?6-6(*' 76 6+3 :46

+6 -3746 6( &3+ 6&6-373+ '(6+ 9 76+4+ 76 -6'&*>'- 4(' -6'*8(

-673@ 6( &' +3&4*8( -3=&6/', :46 +6 /3&76' 3'+*3('(73 &' -6**'*8(

76& '('&*3 3 76 4( 3/46+3 ?3-/'73 3- 6& /*+/3<

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatilidad_(qu%C3%ADmica)

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrogravimetr%C3%ADa


https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodo

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuesto

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reacci%C3%B3n_redox


https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n


https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodo

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compuesto



https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatilidad_(qu%C3%ADmica)



DETERMINACION GRAVIMETRICA DE PLATA

?EN FORMA DE CLORURO'

OBJETIVO

A('&*>'- 766(*7'/6(6 &3+ '/=*3+ 6( 4(' +3&4*8( 76 &''<

)UNDAMENTO TEORICO

E& '*8( 76 &' &'' +6 766-/*(' 3/(/6(6 6( ?3-/' 76 &3-4-3 9' :46 6+ &'

?3-/' /)+ ?)*& 76 '6- &' -6**'- 3( &' '7**8( 76 '*73 &3-;7-*3< E( 6+'

766-/*('*8( 4676 *(6-?6-*- &3+ '*3(6+ 76& &3/3, 3=-6, '&'7*3, /6-4-*3 9

'&*3 9 &3+ '(*3(6+ 76 *'(4-3 9 *3+4&?'3< S* 6( &' +3&4*8( :46 3(*6(6 &' &''

6@*+*6-'( */4-6>'+ &'+ +'&6+ /6(*3('7'+, 76=6( 3@*7'-+6 3( )*73 (;-*3<



DETERMINACÓN GRAVIMETRICA DE PLATA ?A@' AL ESTADO DE CLORURO

DE PLATA ?A@C'.

RESUMEN

C3( 6+' -)*' +6 766-/*(8 6& *3( 76 A 3- /67*3 76 4(' -6**'*8( '

'-*- 76 4(' +3&4*8( =)+*' 76 4(' +3&4*8( 76 ANO '-' ?3-/'- AC&<

S6 &'.8 9 +6 4+3 ' 6+3 3(+'(6 ' 0 /*(43+ 10C 6( &' 6+4?' 76+6'73, = 15 /*(43+ 6( 6& 76+6'73- S6 6+'<

NOTA: L' -*/6-' .6> :46 +6 4+3 6& -*+3& 6( &' 6+4?' 76 +6'73 4.3

:46 74-'- 1 3-' 10C<

S6 3/8 20/& 76 &' +3&4*8( :46 3(*6(6 &'' ANO , 3=6(*6(73 &'-*/6-' +3&4*8(, 3+6-*3-/6(6 +6 *>3 &' +64(7' +3&4*8( '-6'(73&3+ 3-3+ 20/& 76 ANO< E+' +64(7' +3&4*8( +3&3 +6 3/8 3/374&*'73, +6 '-68 2 /& 76 $NO 110 9 +6 '&6(8 '+' 6=4&&**8(,7)(73(3+ "*73 N;-*3 C&3-4-3 76 P&'', '-6'(73 76+4+ 2/& 76$CL 110 3- &'+ '-676+, /*6(-'+ :46 +6 '*'=' &' +3&4*8( 3( '947'76 4( '*'73- 76 .*7-*3 ' '7' 4(' 76 &'+ +3&4*3(6+ provocando que

nuestra solución que inicialmente era incolora se tornara de un tono

blanquecino obteniendo como precipitado AgCl < C4'(73 &'-6**'*8( ?46 3/&6', +6 4=-*8 3( 4( .*7-*3 76 -6&3 9 +6 768-63+'- '& '=-*3 76 &' &4> 74-'(6 W 7;'+, 3+6-*3-/6(6 +6 ?*&-876'('(73 6& -6**'73, '-' '+; 376-+6 &'.'- 3( /)+ ?'*&*7'7,76+4+ +6 &6 '-6'-3( 73+ 3'+ 76 $NO 110 ' &' '4' ?-;' 3( &'+ :46+6 -6'&*>'-3( &3+ 4'-3 &'.'73+ 3- 76'('*8( '+'(73 373 6&-6**'73 ' 4( ?*&-3, -6.*'/6(6 6+'73< N46+-3 ?*&-'73 (3 (3+ *(7*8(*(4(' R@ 76 &3-4-3+ 9 ?*('&/6(6 +6 +68 6& -6**'73 6( &' 6+4?'74-'(6 1 3-' ' 10C< P'-' '+;, 4'(73 6+6 ?46+6 6+'73 376- 3=6(6- (46+-3+ -6+4&'73+<

INTRODUCCIÓN

L' -)*' ?46 76 -'( */3-'(*', 9' :46 (3+ '9478 ' 3/-6(76- 9'('&*>'- &' 766-/*('*8( -'.*/-*' 76 4( 6&6/6(3 6( 4(' +3&4*8(,76+6'(73 4'&:4*6- 747' 6( 6& 6/' KG-'.*/6-;', '947)(73(3+*4'&/6(6 ' +'=6- 4)&6+ +3( &3+ '+3+ :46 +6 76=6( -6'&*>'- '-' &'766-/*('*8( 76 4'&:4*6- 6&6/6(3 6( 4(' +4+'(*' 3(3*7'< E& '()&*+*+-'.*/-*3 3 '()&*+*+ 4'(*'*.3 3- 6+'7'+ 3(+*+6 6( &' +6'-'*8( 93+6-*3- 6+'7', 76 4( 6&6/6(3 3 3/46+3 76 3/3+**8( :4;/*'

3(3*7'< E+' +4+'(*' 76=6 3=6(6-+6 6( 6& /'93- 6+'73 76 4-6>'3+*=&6 9 76=6 6(3(-'-+6 6( 4(' -6&'*8( 6+6:4*3/-*' 76?*(*7' 3( 6&



6&6/6(3 3 3/46+3 :46 +6 76+6' 766-/*('-< L3+ -6+4&'73+ +6'&4&'( ' '-*- 76 &' /67*7' 76 &' /'+' 76 &' +4+'(*' +6'-'7'< E( &'+766-/*('*3(6+ -'.*/-*'+, 6& '('&*3 76=6 -'(+?3-/'-+6 6( 4('+4+'(*' 4-' 9 6+'=&6 3(.6(*6(6 '-' 376- 6+'-&', 46+ 6& @*3 76&'()&*+*+ 766(76 76& 6+3 76 +8&*73 3=6(*73 '& ?*('& 76& -367*/*6(3

6@6-*/6('&<L' -'.*/6-;' -'.67'7, 6+ '/&*'/6(6 '&*'7' 6( &' 6@&3-'*8(6-3&6-' '.*8(, /'-*(3 9 6--6+-6, /*(6-' '.*8( 9 6--6+-6 6 *(6(*6-;'*.*& – 636(*'< E( '-*4&'-, '&4('+ 76 &'+ '&*'*3(6+ +3( D66*8(76 6@6+3 76 /'+' +4&?4-3+ /'+*.3+, 6< D66*8( 76 ?'&' 76 /'+''-=8(, 768+*3 76 +'&, 6< E+47*3 76 &'6-6+ 6( '*.*7'76+ /*(6-'+<M'63 63&8*3 -6*3('& 46('+, -'=6(, 6< D6?*(**8( 76 &'/3-?3&3;' 76& ='+'/6(3 9 /'-3 6+-44-'& -6*3('&< M3(*3-63 76.'-*'*3(6+ 6( '4'+ +4=6--)(6'+< S4=+*76(*' 6 *+3+'+*'< D66*8( 76.';3+<

PARTE EPERIMENTAL

L7+ -*&/,3;7+ ,33&07+ *5 *+,& 8-/,3/& 4*-75

o 0<XX5 76 ANO 6( 250/& $2O< $NO 110, $C& 110, A4' ?-;'<

M&,*-3& ,33&07:

• 1 V'-*&&' 76 .*7-*3,• 1 M66-3 B4(+6(,• 1 T-**6,• 2 V*7-*3 76 -6&3,• 2 P'6& ?*&-3,• 2 V'+3+ 76 -6**'7,• 1 D6+6'73-,•

1 P*(>'+ '-' -*+3&,• 1 G4'(6 76 '+=6+3<• 1E+4?' 76 +6'73,• 1 D6+6'73-,• 2 C-*+3&6+,• 1 B'&'(>' A('&;*',• 1 P*6' V3&4/-*',• 1 T6&' 76 '+=6+3,• 1 G36-3,• 1 F*&-3 76 .*7-*3 76 ?3(73 3-3+3,• 1P-3*6'<



P-7/*0323*5,7 *8*-32*5,&:

L' +3&4*8( :46 3(*6(6 &'' +6 '*74&' 3( $NO 110 9 +6'&*6(3 '+' 6=4&&**8( '-6'(73 76+4+ $C& 110 6( &*6-36@6+3<

S6 '*3 '+' :46 6& &;:4*73 -6+6(' 4(' /49 &*6-'3'&6+6(*'<

S6 '-6'-3( 5 3'+ 76 $C& 110 '-' '+64-'- &' 3/&6'-6**'*8( 76 &''<



S6 4=-*8 3( 4( .'+3 76 .*7-*3 76 -6&3 +* &' -6**'*8( 9' '+*73 3/&6'7' 9 +6 768 -63+'- W 7;'+ '& '=-*3 76 &' &4><

S6 ?*&-8 76'('(73 6& -6**'73<S6 -6'&*>'-3( H &'.'73+ 3- 76'('*8( '& -6**'73 3( '4'?-;'<

S6 '+8 373 6& -6**'73 '& ?*&-3 9 +6 &'.8< S6'- 6& -6**'73 6( &' 6+4?' 10C 1 3-'< S6 +6'-8 &3 /)+ 3/&6'/6(6 3+*=&6 6& -6**'73 76

(46+-3 '6& ?*&-3 9 +6 *(*(6-3 6( 4( -*+3& 76 3-6&'(' '-'73< L'+ 6(*>'+ +6 -''-3( 3( 4('+ 4'('+ 3'+ 76 $C& 110 '-'

-6**'- 6& &3-4-3< S6 '7**3(3 2 3'+ /)+ 76 $C& '-' &' 3/&6' ?3-/'*8( 76

&3-4-3+< S6 3&38 76(-3 76& -*+3& 6& &3-4-3 76 &'' 9 +6 3(6 ' 6+3

3(+'(6<

E5 /75/+3=5:

RESULTADOS Y ANALISIS

1< S6 &3-8 '&4&'- &3+ -'/3+&*-3 76 ANO 3(6(*7' 6( &3+ -'/3+ 76 A<C3&4/('



2< S6 &3-8 '&4&'- '764'7'/6(6 &3+ -< 76 &'' 3(6(*73+ 6( 6& -6**'73AC& C3&4/('

< S6 4+3 6( -)*' 6& ?'3- -'.*/-*3<

Y' 4(' .6> -6'&*>'7' &' -)*' +6 &3-'-3( 3=6(6- &3+ +*4*6(6+-6+4&'73+

EQUIPO

- AC&

- A

F'3- G-'.*/-*3

-& ANO

1M46+-' 10<0H - 0<01 - 0<W52W- A1- 76 AC&0<10 -& ANO

M46+-' 20<0H - 0<02X -

0<1HH5 -& ANO

2M46+-' 10<0WWX - 0<05W - 0<W52W- A1- 76 AC&0<2XX -& ANO

M46+-' 25<0W5 - <225 -

1X<1125 -& ANO



M46+-' 10<0H0H - 0<00H - 0<W52W- A1- 76 AC&

0<152 -& ANO

M46+-' 20<0015 - 0<0011 -

0<005 -& ANO

HM46+-' 1

0<0H - 0<0W0 - 0<W52W- A1- 76 AC&0<15 -& ANO

M46+-' 20<0H22 - 0<01W0 -

0<15 -& ANO

5M46+-' 10<01WX - 0<01HW - 0<W52W- A1- 76 AC&0<W5 -& ANO

M46+-' 20<052 - 0<0H02 -

0<1W011 -& ANOM46+-' 10<01X - 0<01HX0 - 0<W52W- A

1- 76 AC&0<WH5 -& ANO



1< M46+-' 20<0212 - 0<01510 -

0<WX0 -& ANO

E( 4( '()&*+*+ +*/&6 376/3+ 76*- :46J E( 373+ &3+ .'&3-6+ 3=6(*73+- AC&, - A, 9 -& ANO &' /46+-' 3( &3+ /'93-6+ -6+4&'73+ 6+ &'/46+-' 2 6:4*3 2 *(7*)(73(3+ :46 '&3 6( +4+ )&4&3+ 93-367*/*6(3 ?46 *(3--63, 9' :46 &' 7*?6-6(*' 6+ *('6'=&6 3( &3+7'3+ 76 &'+ 76/)+ /46+-'+, /*6(-'+ :46 &' :46 3(*6(6 &3+ /6(3-6+-6+4&'73+ ?46 &' /46+-' 2 6:4*3 , 6-3 6+' '& (3 6(6- 76/'+*'7'7*?6-6(*' 3( &3+ 76/)+ 7'3+ +6 3/' 3/3 '6'=&6<E( 4( '()&*+*+ /)+ -3?4(7*>'73 +6 3(&498 :46- AC&

D'73+ &3+ 7'3+ 3=6(*73+ 376/3+ 76*- :46 6( (46+-3 6:4*3 E:4*31, +6 3=4.*6-3( 0<0H- 76 AC& 6( &' -*/6-' /46+-' 9 0<0H- AC&6( &' /46+-' 73+<L3+ -'/3+ 3=6(*73+ 6( &' /46+-' 1 6:4*3 1 AC& +6 '+6/6' 3( &'/46+-' 1 6:4*3 0<0H0H, /46+-' 2 6:4*3 H 0<0H22, 9 /46+-' 26:4*3 5 0<052< C3( 4(' 7*?6-6(*' /)@*/' 6(-6 6+3+ 76 0<00W 3(-6+63 '&' /46+-' 1 6:4*3 0<0H0H, /*6(-'+ :46 (46+-' /46+-' 26:4*3 1 0<0H, +6 '+6/6' 3( &' /46+-' 1 6:4*3 0<0H0H 3( 4('7*?6-6(*' 76 0<002 9 /46+-' 2 6:4*3 2 0<0212 3( 4(' 7*?6-6(*' 760<01W2<

T373+ &3+ 7'3+ 3=6(*73+ +3( 3'&/6(6 3(-'-*3+ ' &' /46+-' 2 6:4*32 5<0W5- AC& 9 3( 4(' 7*?6-6(*' 6( (46+-' /46+-' 1 6:4*3 1 765<005, 6+) /46+-' 5<0W5- AC& '& +6- /'93- 3( 4(' 7*?6-6(*'

Metodos Plata

Documents

Transcript of Metodos Plata