%N. FOOD ,I.".ORICULEURE

F ,

r UNITFE

Soil Mapping and Advisory Services

Botswana

METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

MANUAL

I

AG : BOT/85/011

FIELD DOCUMENT 19

o,tat. ttitttt't ixt,¡ .72 tv ca theUnNt., Li one C)ctve.1 opn'tf:$3,tP kit .730t FtWatIFJ

AC, OT/ 85 ;' 1 1

F? e ;;ft Docament

Soil Mapping and Advisory

Botswana

','.ethodti tihki 77-00 EQ174-1M,t Lee r o %L

Manual

by

Nations

CONTENTS

1 1PTRODUC,TION1 3o± L- and

2 METHODS1 Ir LLLraLii (The 0ou:olo

th,:x

2,i,i ifl L rcs.J.ict

2.1.2 ETL:loment2.1.3 Procedure2,.4 Data CompaLatLou2.1.5 Exampl,.7: .....,ulk dens (core meth:y_1)2,2.1 Intiioduction2 ').2 Equipment.2,2.3 Procedure2.2.4 Data computation2.2.5 Bulk density of verti.,.

' 3 Soil moisture characteristics ,.

2.3.1 Introduction2.3.2 Equipment ..

2.3,3 Procedure2,3,4 Data Computation2_1.5

2.4 Structur 1 stability index2.4.1 introduction2.4.2 Equipment

Procedure2.4,4 Data Computation2.4,5 Example ,.

2. Hydraulic Conductivity(Inversed auger hole method)2.5.1 Introduction .

2.5.2 Equipment ..2.5.3 Procedure ....2.5.4 Data Computation

24

..91111

9, 0 1

LIST OF TABLES

Table No Page

Measured and derived soil physical

2 Results of moisture rententionmeasurement ..............................................2

3 Results of structural stabilityindexmeasurements .......................................3

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No Page

1 Double ring infiltrometer set up to measureinfiltration characteristics of soil .....................5

2 Logarithm plot accumulated intake versuselapsed time of an infiltration test .....................10

3 Ponding arrangement for wetting 3 horizonsof a soil profile for taking undisturbed

4 Moisture rentention curves ...............................205 Haines apparatus set up for the measurement

of structural stability index ............................236 Moisture release curves for slow and

fast wetted soil samples in structuralstability index measurements .............................25

7 Schematic representation of the set up formeasuring saturated hydraulic conductivityof soil by the inversed auger hole method ................29

METHODS FOR THE SUIU i NT OF P'st EICAL PROPER7I7 SOILS

I. INTRODUCTION

The ' "or Its a 4 1.

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--------------

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t 'tPIrr _i r rtl r'A v". t c

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Soils and Site Selection

The selection of a soil profile for characterization i on the infor-;it'll !on cul soil sot -000anL Inap-pint.; r"000ha r 1-,eoo orLO.ei, to-Tv pi iT, ; t »tJ' t ì.' 117 LfaDOi t

v u u s et or, t7lor t'LortIMHCI,.;at.3.t'rl or (1.10 -tO ,,uro vu t

jt t Ii. L 0,3 V C U t J u u j, -Int t !j Lii tit I'i Jf ttl''. c1 ,At 1 61.1 fs , 1 In ' ;

»iltI,41.» t,",H t itt! , t' "I sN,. »Thit'11,

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2. METHODS

2.1 INFILTRATION (The double ring infiltrometer method)

2.1.1 Introduction

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Figure 1

:Double ring infiltrometer set up to measure infiltration

characteristics of soil

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2.1.4 Data Computation

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ar

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SOIL MOISTURE CHARACTERISTICS

2.3.1 Introduction

01 tti t A sa, trit 44

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14

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Figure 3

: Ponding arrangement for wetting 3 horizons of a soil profile for taking

undisturbed core samples

2.1

-

CO

balance -

IL 6

1 7

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1 , ',"1 1 ' t

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Example

L,.. movLagun()

often observed that c.ot* samplesT,'etat. LL ror t u a tt-,1V

a r1=Otia/,'-

)rnputation

LO

her remo,

aa cm_

bas:

3

o

01

PF

3.. 37 gicc.

0

Table 2

Resu of moisture retention me reinent

file No 0901 - Molepolole

on1,131.3 yl

. 3'76

349

2.4.2 Equipment

ocedu

,

SINTERED

--

' CS li I_ ------r- Ne ,

P Pr) P,' -i,r, ..,.__,..,---rii, o ,

jrp,6,--,

ft*

23

-

-e r,í'd ter W i LI. drain from the soi and t-he but s urt- hert1.1

, Lit LI !..; 1. I `.." 11 t.11 L Wtt ots :

11il. 01'110 r t'"11,1i.Put,it0 u1V .111 t h, o LT),Iu`11 0W+.1 ` k. I I.t t T5tp LW 1',)1° 1 .1 XIII 111 )

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,' 1 ,

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Data Computa

.)1

1;1

.1 5

. . I I

1,,

00' C1 :1111'111' I 10

24

I

t. I

thirE struc urati ity

o(

o

3

Table 3

Results of structural stability index measuremer

26

given by PAR and similarly for the fast wetted curve,

2.5 4 C CONDUCTIVITY Unversed auger hole methodl

2.5.1 Introduction

ilvr U. J LLt t r y rrn rrrLt ;' " ' I n

t"' (trÌJ, nrr iLL i jC I t

) f ) t

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t ;-;

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2.5.2 Equipment

4;1 at.112,^;'1 7 a -

L.2 17 ttl,' ,ole

t) 1,7r n,r,00r ) . g . a

,)17 W I.

2.5 Procedures

Bore c 7,(,7.v-.7.,,1 nriit rrrn

Crn0 t ° rátL' ' t" ' I ,

c. ht3 " r "

,..'C'111 1 ")el :kt.7:1 r ' ,`,1.`,W' L[1. ,C

t'LiH)0"` t,,-,rp-1 ni vrir . t","Of rd.'! i 1"." L'( ,2",*",t1. t

' r ,"' cu. t

int:_i Élr(; 0,11 1,

'10t -

27

Pow f7hr o aFla th(... pl a s t 1,..! 3 done earlier into the hole to ill the&Joni h ( i) 17,vz. -v,'bi'i, ! bt' "arth--:i '-' raulic cordne* _I vi L:,, is to hi- - -- ed .

Remove 711, till . and uf fall o:', wn t L-1-. 1,v recordin6 _ waterat su.

2.5.4 Data Computation

Tf thWs+ ` t sec., after s h

t 3 l'- 'h + r/2) + CrL

is a

n:_15

28

ity

hydraulic conductivity.

Notes on the method

1

SLSLH -"jqu.H L,12,7M4'33` 3,3n lay a -ocr, fnn 1 n

, orl laLH tHL 3f 3,1gci rrrtti. i.Hrrr

t .'

r h " ,:11? 1 v.k-r th LLÇ.S.LL cH T

:VT *".' 9T, ti sLj t.e i &TVA'' Tiii 9;9 »99' 9Ti 9-9 '

OT° i999"i t ± T

Ti 01):1 C nf' t;. v,

2 2;., Oe

t. ,,,12;32 2 ,nr 12 n. 33, »; 3,'

pcint nwt 1» ' 4J,

;1 peir,te-tv,,1 r , :In Ti999T

ro,' nf 3,33 3 3-innf 3303311Ct fo\n- "91

, r: ,,r

Ail I, i6 »L»»

LS L»1 dril ;, T tIE' 1PIT T 9' T 19, TT

iT9"'T 1 :it ;;:07-0 iTLrmea L, ttkir'ri

\V-14114,

Water level

Figure 7t Schematic representation of - se6 f4114r measuringsaturated hydraulic -tooductiVity IVE_ soil by the uinversed auger hole method

29

Shay -Pj., andYulo F., 197S

1)if-..1m3h P.JTvaffol,d B.D 197C

The asebs,=,,It. of- s',)J1,3 E.or

Te,hhici 9G-por;- nirdusvrie9, ft i Oueen.,71and AusLt3J,

REF7RRNCRR

30

acainageNo 26,

_:tigation and Drainage Paper