Methods and Tools for Facilitating Social Participation
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Transcript of Methods and Tools for Facilitating Social Participation
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Methods and Tools for Facilitating Social Participation
Ben Shneiderman [email protected]
Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science
Member, Institute for Advanced Computer Studies
University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742
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Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Info Studies
- Psych, Socio, Poli Sci & MITH
(www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)
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Information Visualization
• Visual bandwidth is enormous • Remarkable perceptual skills • Extensive cognitive facilitation
• Discovery • Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... • Comparisons
• Presentation • Comprehensible • Memorable
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www.smartmoney.com/marketmap
Treemap: Smartmoney MarketMap
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Smartmoney.com MarketMap: Steep fall Feb 27, 2007, with one exception
smartmoney.com/marketmap
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newsmap.jp
Treemap: Newsmap (Marcos Weskamp)
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www.hivegroup.com
Treemap: Supply Chain
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www.spotfire.com
Spotfire: Sales Analysis
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www.spotfire.com
Spotfire: Treemap Bond Portfolio Analysis
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10M - 100M pixels
Large displays for single or multiple users
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100M-pixels & more
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Design Issues
• Input devices & strategies • Keyboards, pointing devices, voice • Direct manipulation • Menus, forms, commands
• Output devices & formats • Screens, windows, color, sound • Text, tables, graphics • Instructions, messages, help
• Collaboration & Social Media • Help, tutorials, training • Search
www.awl.com/DTUI
Fifth Edition: 2010
• Visualization
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1) E-commerce & National Priorities • Customer loyalty, community formation • Health, energy, education, e-government
2) Develop Theories of Social Participation
• How do social media networks evolve? • How can participation be increased?
3) Provide Technology Infrastructure • Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable • Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
Vision: Social Participation
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Early Steps
http://iparticipate.wikispaces.com
Informal Gathering College Park, MD, April 2009
Article: Science March 2009
BEN SHNEIDERMAN
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www.tmsp.umd.edu
NSF Workshops: Palo Alto & DC
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International Efforts
intlsocialparticipation.net
Community Informatics Research Network
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E-Commerce Social Media
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1) E-commerce & National Priorities • Customer loyalty, community formation • Health, energy, education, e-government
2) Develop Theories of Social Participation
• How do social media networks evolve? • How can participation be increased?
3) Provide Technology Infrastructure • Scalable, reliable, universal, manageable • Protect privacy, stop attacks, resolve conflicts
Vision: Social Participation
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Network Theories: Evolution models
• Random, preferential attachment,… • Monotonic, bursty,… • Power law for degree (hubs & indexes) • Small-world property • Forest fire, spreading activation,… • Matures, decays, fragments, …
Watts & Strogatz, Nature 1998; Barabasi, Science 1999, 2009;
Newman, Phys. Rev. Letters 2002 Kumar, Novak & Tomkins, KDD2006
Leskovec, Faloutsos & Kleinberg, TKDD2007
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Network Theories: Social science • Relationships & roles • Strong & weak ties • Motivations: fear, tragedy, guilt,… • Motivations: egoism, altruism, collectivism,
principlism • Collective intelligence • Collective action & governance • Social information foraging
Moreno, 1938; Granovetter, 1971; Burt, 1987; Ostrom, 1992; Wellman, 1993; Batson, Ahmad & Tseng, 2002;
Malone, Laubaucher & Dellarocas, 2009; Pirolli, 2009
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Network Theories: Stages of participation
Wikipedia, Discussion & Reporting • Reader • First-time Contributor
(Legitimate Peripheral Participation)
• Returning Contributor • Frequent Contributor
Preece, Nonnecke & Andrews, CHB2004 Forte & Bruckman, SIGGROUP2005; Hanson, 2008
Porter: Designing for the Social Web, 2008 Vassileva, 2002, 2005; Ling et al., JCMC 2005; Rashid et al., CHI2006
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Reader Contributor Collaborator ` All Users
From Reader to Leader: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation
Preece & Shneiderman, AIS Trans. Human-Computer Interaction1 (1), 2009 aisel.aisnet.org/thci/vol1/iss1/5/
Leader
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Strategies for managers
Charismatic leader & bottom-up initiatives • Personal contact, viral marketing, 1-to-1
• Appeal to special skills & uniqueness
• Engage existing groups
• Seed activities to get started
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Footprints of Human Activity
• Footprints in sand as Caesarea
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State-of-the-art network visualization
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SocialAction
• Integrates statistics
& visualization
• 4 case studies, 4-8 weeks (journalist, bibliometrician, terrorist analyst, organizational analyst)
• Identified desired features, gave strong positive feedback about benefits of integration
Perer & Shneiderman, CHI2008, IEEE CG&A 2009 www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/socialaction
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NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
www.codeplex.com/nodexl casci.umd.edu/NodeXL_Teaching
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NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
www.codeplex.com/nodexl
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NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
www.codeplex.com/nodexl
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NodeXL: Network Overview for Discovery & Exploration in Excel
https://wiki.cs.umd.edu/cmsc734_09/index.php?title=Homework_Number_3
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Wikipedia Discussion
Red nodes (most confrontational) are involved in the strongest dyadic ties, and they tend to have the highest out-degree
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Tweets at #WIN09 Conference: 2 groups
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Flickr networks
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Flickr clusters for “mouse”
Computer Mickey
Animal
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Flickr commenters on Marc Smith’s pix
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Spotfire Twitter Community
• Size = number of followers • Edge = follows, mentions, retweets
• Small, weakly connected • No visible evangelists
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
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Tableau Twitter Community
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
• Size = number of followers • Edge = follows, mentions, retweets
• Moderate sized community well connected.
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WWW2010 Twitter Community
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Kodak Twitter Community
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
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Oil Spill Twitter Community
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
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Iron Man 2 (Movie) Twitter Community
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CHI2010 Twitter Community
www.codeplex.com/nodexl/
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Figure 7.11. : Lobbying Coalition Network connecting organizations (vertices) that have jointly filed comments on US Federal Communications Commission policies (edges). Vertex Size represents
number of filings and color represents Eigenvector Centrality (pink = higher). Darker edges connect organizations with many joint filings. Vertices were originally positioned using Fruchterman-
Rheingold and hand-positioned to respect clusters identified by NodeXL’s Find Clusters algorithm.
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NodeXL: Book & Social Media Research Fnd
Social Media Research Foundation
smrfoundation.org
We are a group of researchers who want to create open tools, generate and host open data, and support open scholarship
related to social media.
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NodeXL: Book & Social Media Research Fnd
Social Media Research Foundation smrfoundation.org
We are a group of researchers who want to create open tools, generate
and host open data, and support open scholarship related to social media.
smrfoundation.org
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Strategy: Take Personal Initiatives
Let’s get to work!
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Technology Infrastructure
• Mobile, Desktop, Web, Cloud • 100% uptime, 100% secure • Giga-collabs, Tera-contribs
• Universal accessibility & usability • Trust, empathy, responsibility, privacy
• Leaders can manage usage • Designers can continuously improve