METHODS
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METHODS METHODS BACKGROUND BACKGROUND • There is concern over lack of HIV research relevant to women, especially outside the fields of social sciences and policy. • To evaluate this we chose to analyze all articles published in 2009 in the two journals affiliated with the International AIDS Society, the custodian of AIDS 2010: 1) AIDS (2009 Impact Factor – 4.909) 404 articles 2) Journal of the International AIDS Society (JIAS) 45 articles • All 449 editorials, research papers, brief reports and letters published in AIDS and JIAS in 2009 were studied. • Each were read and rated on relevance to women based upon a priori criteria. See Figure 1 • Also recorded were scientific area based on conference science tracks, and for studies among humans, details on the study sample. • In 2009, 404 articles were published in AIDS and 45 in JIAS (total 449) • The majority of articles were Clinical and the fewest were Social-Behavioral. See Figure 2 • Eighty-Five articles were rated Highly Relevant which was 18.9% of the total. See Figure 3 • One Hundred and Twelve articles were rated Medium or Potentially Relevant which was 24.9% of the total. • Two Hundred and Fifty-Two were rated Low or Questionably Relevant, representing 56.1% of the total articles reviewed. • Social and Behavioral articles had the highest percentage of relevance whereas Basic Science articles had the lowest. See Table 1 • Of the 247 studies conducted in human samples, 4 were in mother- infant pairs, 8 were in couples, 33 were in women only and 40 in men only (including 22 single case reports). See Table 2. • Of the 167 mixed human samples, 43 (25.7%) had no breakdown by sex. • Of the 124 studies that broke down their samples by sex, the mean percentage of female subjects was 32.9% (median 30% and mode 20%). • Only 3 studies reported transgendered subjects • Of the 124 only 55.7% disaggregated their results by sex. Table 2: Details of Human Samples Table 2: Details of Human Samples • Despite the global HIV epidemic now reaching gender parity, research clearly relevant to women was less than 1/5 th of the articles published in two leading HIV journals. • Relevance was more likely evident in Social Behavioral, Economics/Operations and Policy articles. • A significant number of studies gave no breakdown by sex in their samples or disaggregated their findings by sex. • Researchers should be encouraged to conduct more on issues relevant to women, include more women in their samples, disaggregate findings by sex, and discuss implications of their findings to women. CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS Fig. 3: Relevance to Women Fig. 3: Relevance to Women RESULTS RESULTS Fig. 2: Scientific Area of Articles Fig. 2: Scientific Area of Articles Gendered Neglect: How Relevant is HIV Research to Women? Gendered Neglect: How Relevant is HIV Research to Women? Evan Collins Evan Collins 1 1 , Fiona Hale , Fiona Hale 2 2 , Jacquie Gahagan , Jacquie Gahagan 3 3 , Louise Binder , Louise Binder 4,5 4,5 Tyler Crone Tyler Crone 5 5 1 1 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada; 2 2 Salamander Trust Associates, London, United Salamander Trust Associates, London, United Kingdom; Kingdom; 3 3 Dalhousie University, School of Health and Human Performance, Halifax, Canada; Dalhousie University, School of Health and Human Performance, Halifax, Canada; 4 4 International Council of International Council of Women Living with HIV – North America, Toronto, Canada; Women Living with HIV – North America, Toronto, Canada; 5 5 Blueprint for Action on Women and Girls and HIV/AIDS, Blueprint for Action on Women and Girls and HIV/AIDS, Toronto, Canada; Toronto, Canada; 6 6 Athena Network, Seattle, United States. Athena Network, Seattle, United States. • ISSUE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE to WOMEN or GIRLS = 1 POINT – (Eg, reproductive health, female sexual health, side-effects in females, gender based violence, etc) • > 50% FEMALE RESEARCH SUBJECTS = 1 POINT • DISAGGREGATION of RESULTS by SEX = 1 POINT • EXPLICIT DISCUSSION of IMPLICATIONS to WOMEN or GIRLS = 1 point • HIGH RELEVANCE = 2 - 4 POINTS • MEDIUM RELEVANCE (potentially relevant) = 1 POINT • LOW RELEVANCE (questionably relevant) = 0 POINT Fig. 1: A Priori Criteria for Rating Relevance Fig. 1: A Priori Criteria for Rating Relevance Scientific Focus Articles Rated Highly Relevant to Women Percent Relevant to Women Social/Behavioral 12/25 48.0% Economics/ Operations Research 12/28 42.9% Policy 8/32 25.0% Epidemiology/ Prevention 18/103 17.4% Clinical 28/174 16.1% Basic Science 6/87 6.8% Table 1: Relevance by Scientific Area Table 1: Relevance by Scientific Area Mother Infant Pairs Couples Single Case Studies in Women Single Case Studies in Men Female Samples >1 Male Samples >1 Mixed samples Studies 4 4 8 14 24 26 167 Fig 4: Sample Breakdown by Sex Fig 4: Sample Breakdown by Sex WEPE0433 WEPE0433 For more information on promoting HIV research on and for women, please visit: www.womensblueprint.org and www.athenanetwork.org
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Gendered Neglect: How Relevant is HIV Research to Women? Evan Collins 1 , Fiona Hale 2 , Jacquie Gahagan 3 , Louise Binder 4,5 Tyler Crone 5 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of METHODS
METHODSMETHODS
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
• There is concern over lack of HIV research
relevant to women, especially outside the
fields of social sciences and policy.• To evaluate this we chose to analyze all
articles published in 2009 in the two journals
affiliated with the International AIDS Society,
the custodian of AIDS 2010:
1) AIDS (2009 Impact Factor – 4.909)
404 articles
2) Journal of the International AIDS Society
(JIAS) 45 articles
• All 449 editorials, research papers, brief reports
and letters published in AIDS and JIAS in 2009
were studied.
• Each were read and rated on relevance to women
based upon a priori criteria. See Figure 1
• Also recorded were scientific area based on
conference science tracks, and for studies among
humans, details on the study sample.
• In 2009, 404 articles were published in AIDS
and 45 in JIAS (total 449)
• The majority of articles were Clinical and the
fewest were Social-Behavioral. See Figure 2
• Eighty-Five articles were rated Highly Relevant
which was 18.9% of the total. See Figure 3
• One Hundred and Twelve articles were rated
Medium or Potentially Relevant which was
24.9% of the total.
• Two Hundred and Fifty-Two were rated Low or
Questionably Relevant, representing 56.1% of
the total articles reviewed.
• Social and Behavioral articles had the highest
percentage of relevance whereas Basic Science
articles had the lowest. See Table 1
• Of the 247 studies conducted in human samples,
4 were in mother-infant pairs, 8 were in couples,
33 were in women only and 40 in men only
(including 22 single case reports). See Table 2.
• Of the 167 mixed human samples, 43 (25.7%)
had no breakdown by sex.
• Of the 124 studies that broke down their
samples by sex, the mean percentage of female
subjects was 32.9% (median 30% and mode
20%).
• Only 3 studies reported transgendered subjects
• Of the 124 only 55.7% disaggregated their
results by sex.
Table 2: Details of Human Samples Table 2: Details of Human Samples
• Despite the global HIV epidemic now reaching
gender parity, research clearly relevant to women
was less than 1/5th of the articles published in two
leading HIV journals.
• Relevance was more likely evident in Social
Behavioral, Economics/Operations and Policy
articles.
• A significant number of studies gave no breakdown
by sex in their samples or disaggregated their
findings by sex.
• Researchers should be encouraged to conduct more
on issues relevant to women, include more women
in their samples, disaggregate findings by sex, and
discuss implications of their findings to women.
• Further, editors and conference organizers should
mandate breakdown of study and disaggregation of
findings by sex so as to increase relevance to
women.
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Fig. 3: Relevance to WomenFig. 3: Relevance to Women
RESULTSRESULTS
Fig. 2: Scientific Area of ArticlesFig. 2: Scientific Area of Articles
Gendered Neglect: How Relevant is HIV Research to Women?Gendered Neglect: How Relevant is HIV Research to Women? Evan CollinsEvan Collins11, Fiona Hale, Fiona Hale22, Jacquie Gahagan, Jacquie Gahagan33, Louise Binder, Louise Binder4,5 4,5 Tyler CroneTyler Crone55
11 University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada; 22 Salamander Trust Associates, London, United Kingdom; Salamander Trust Associates, London, United Kingdom; 33 Dalhousie University, School of Health and Dalhousie University, School of Health and Human Performance, Halifax, Canada; Human Performance, Halifax, Canada; 44 International Council of Women Living with HIV – North America, Toronto, Canada; International Council of Women Living with HIV – North America, Toronto, Canada; 55 Blueprint for Action on Women and Girls and Blueprint for Action on Women and Girls and
HIV/AIDS, Toronto, Canada; HIV/AIDS, Toronto, Canada; 66 Athena Network, Seattle, United States. Athena Network, Seattle, United States.
• ISSUE OF DIRECT RELEVANCE to WOMEN or GIRLS = 1 POINT
– (Eg, reproductive health, female sexual health, side-effects in females, gender based violence, etc)
• > 50% FEMALE RESEARCH SUBJECTS = 1 POINT
• DISAGGREGATION of RESULTS by SEX = 1 POINT
• EXPLICIT DISCUSSION of IMPLICATIONS to WOMEN or GIRLS = 1 point
• HIGH RELEVANCE
= 2 - 4 POINTS
• MEDIUM RELEVANCE (potentially relevant)
= 1 POINT
• LOW RELEVANCE (questionably relevant)
= 0 POINT
Fig. 1: A Priori Criteria for Rating RelevanceFig. 1: A Priori Criteria for Rating Relevance
Scientific Focus Articles Rated Highly Relevant to Women
Percent Relevant to Women
Social/Behavioral 12/25 48.0%
Economics/Operations Research
12/28 42.9%
Policy 8/32 25.0%
Epidemiology/Prevention 18/103 17.4%
Clinical 28/174 16.1%
Basic Science 6/87 6.8%
Table 1: Relevance by Scientific AreaTable 1: Relevance by Scientific Area
Mother Infant Pairs
CouplesSingle Case Studies in Women
Single Case Studies in Men
Female Samples >1
Male Samples >1
Mixed samples
Studies 4 4 8 14 24 26 167
Fig 4: Sample Breakdown by Sex Fig 4: Sample Breakdown by Sex
WEPE0433 WEPE0433
For more information on promoting HIV research on and for women, please visit:
www.womensblueprint.org and www.athenanetwork.org
