Methane emissions - European Commission · EMBER 98491. Poppy Kalesi ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND...

Methane emissions: best practices in MRV and

abatement in the

agriculture, waste and

energy sectorsSTAKEHOLDER EVENT – 9 JUNE 2020

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Drew Shindell

NICHOLAS PROFESSOR OF EARTH SCIENCE AT DUKE

UNIVERSITY

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Methane in 2020(Including an update on the CCAC/UNEP Global Methane Assessment)

Drew Shindell

Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University

Duke: Yuqiang Zhang, Karl Seltzer, Muye Ru, Krista Stark,

Jared Junkin

NASA GISS: Greg Faluvegi

NOAA GFDL: Vaishali Naik, Larry Horowitz, Jian He

NCAR: Jean-Francois Lamarque

Nagoya University: Kengo Sudo

University of Reading: Bill Collins

Stockholm Environment Institute: Johan Kuylenstierna, Chris Malley

Ongoing Methane Growth

Observation: Surface Concentration

NOAA ESRL, 2020 Nisbet et al, 2020

Impact: Departure from 2℃ scenario

Methane Distribution: Satellites

SCIAMACHY/TEMIS

Sept2011

April2012

Methane column (ppb)

Methane column (ppb)

Methane Sources: Bottom-up

Saunois et al, 2016

2012

Methane Sources: Aircraft

Duren et al, 2019

Diamonds – Self-reported

Bars - Aircraft

10% of sources contribute 60% of emissions

Sources & Trends

Increasing, and well above 2℃ path

Likely in part due to fossil fuels & surge in gas extraction

Likely in part due to tropical biogenic flux (perhaps climate driven)

Regardless of exact fraction of total or growth from specific sectors, we know the big ones and can reduce them!

Abatement: Worldwide Technical Potential

Abatement: Worldwide Cost Curves

IEA data for oil & gas at left, IIASA above

Abatement: Least-cost Pathways

Data from 1.5 ℃ database

Methane Assessment Rationale

Well-mixed gas

Simulations can inform all subsequent assessments (regional) without rerunning models

Provide consistent output for climate and air pollution responses

Multi-model simulations can provide good characterization of uncertainties

Online tools can make it easier for policy-makers (or anyone) to see benefits of methane mitigation & demonstrate to public

Impact calculator & Methane Assessment will be public (~end of year, beta version of web tool at: http://shindellgroup.rc.duke.edu/apps/methane/)

Clear that maximizing societal welfare not the same as maximizing either climate or air quality benefits alone (e.g. public health and crop yields depend on both)

Methane mitigation can provide large climate and air quality benefits, often at low cost

Conclusions

Michèle Rivasi

MEP - GROUP OF THE GREENS/EUROPEAN FREE ALLIANCE -

FRANCE

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Walter Giacopini

GM-GREENMETHANE

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UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES:

METHANE LOSSES

Potassium Carbonate washing has the

lowest environmental footprint due to:

- Negligible methane slip -

- Inorganic & non toxic media -

- Reduced energy consumption -

“The best methane abatement practice

is the unnecessary one”

The GHG emission in biomethane production chain shall be minimised!

John Lynch

OXFORD UNIVERSITY

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Margherita Tolotto

EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL BUREAU

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Maik Kindermann

DSM

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Cows make methane

Methane traps heat

Bovaer® reduces methane

teaspoon daily

in a cow’s feed

less methane

produced

takes effect

immediately

proven safe for consumers, for

cows, and good for our planet

It’s not their fault. Methane is a byproduct of digesting the tough, fibrous food

they eat. And it’s released into the air burp by burp.

Like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane is a greenhouse gas. Its warming effect

is shorter lived, but much more potent than CO2. So eliminating it begins to

pay off right away.

In a cow’s stomach, microbes help food break down. This releases hydrogen and carbon dioxide. An enzyme combines these

gases to form methane. Bovaer® is a feed additive that suppresses the enzyme, so less methane gets generated.

How it works

Bovaer® is the most extensively researched and scientifically proven solution

z

North America

• 8 beef and 7 dairy trials

• Up to 82% methane reduction

• Largest trial > 15,000 heads

Latin America

• 1 beef and 1 dairy trial


Europe

• 12 dairy trials


• Longest trial: 1 year at a

commercial dairy

Oceania

• 2 beef and 4 dairy trials


• Main trial sites for new forms and

applications targeted at pasture

Jean Baptise Dolle

COPA-COGECA

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MRV for methane emissions in the livestock sector

Farmassessment

Carbon mitigation action plan

LOW CARBON DAIRY FARM & BEEF CARBON

Jean Baptiste Dollé – French Livestock InstituteMethane MRV – Stakeholders meeting – June 8th 2020

Methane emissions & GHG

IPCC Tier 3 Methodology

13 000 farms involved in France

Monitoring

Reporting

Verification and Carbon certification

CARBON AGRI

Farmassessment

Carbon reductions

MRV for methane emissions reductions in the livestock sector

Jean Baptiste Dollé – French Livestock InstituteMethane MRV – Stakeholders meeting – June 8th 2020

Jean François Delaitre

EUROPEAN BIOGAS ASSOCIATION - ASSOCIATION DES

AGRICULTEURS MÉTHANISEURS DE FRANCE

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Potential of biogas for methane emission

reductions in the agriculture sector

• Anaerobic digestion produces biogas and digestate

• Biogas plants have the potential to reduce methane emissions while producing

net-zero emissions renewable energy :

• Viable treatment solution for biodegradable waste, including manure (when

manure management = 8.2% of the total EU-KP CH4 emissions)

• Overall lifecycle GHG emissions reductions of biomethane compared to

natural gas are considered to be higher than 100% when manure is used as a

feedstock.

Potential of biogas for methane emission

reductions in the agriculture sector • Necessary to ensure sustainable biogas production with appropriate practices during the entire

biogas production process :

• Waste storage before treatment should be minimal

• Biogas production : adequate audits for leaks to encourage plants to be regularly audited and

updated if need be, presence of an automatic flare

• Use of biogas : optimal knowledge of the plant to optimize operations

• Use of digestate : optimal hydraulic retention time to ensure complete digestion, closed storage

pit

• Encouraging best practices in biogas plants : example of the quality charter of the AAMF in France

Q&A

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Giuseppe Franco Ferrari

and Iñigo del GuayoBOCCONI UNIVERISTY

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Patrick Clerens

EUROPEAN SUPPLIERS OF WASTE TO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

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EUROPEAN SUPPLIERSOF WASTE-TO-ENERGYTECHNOLOGY

Methane emissions in the waste sector. The case-study of Germany.

PATRICK CLERENS,ESWET SECRETARY-GENERAL


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Number of landfills in Germany:

• 1970: around 50,000

• 2020: less than 300

The impact of landfill diversion in Germany

Methane emissions from landfills:

• about 35.5 million tonnes in 1990

• 7.5 million tonnes in 2018

Source: European Environment Agency

The impact of landfill diversion in Germany


THANK YOU!

PATRICK CLERENS,ESWET SECRETARY-GENERAL

[email protected]

Alberto Confalonieri

EUROPEAN COMPOSTING NETWORK (ECN)- ITALIAN

COMPOSTING ASSOCIATION (CIC)

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Lorenzo Ceccherini

CONFEDERATION OF EUROPEAN WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANTS

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CEWEP is the umbrella association of the operators of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Plants across Europe.

They incinerate household and similar commercial & industrial waste that remains after waste prevention, reuse and recycling and generate energy out of it.

Krakow WtE plant, Poland

CEWEP – Confederation of European WtE Plants

2017 - CEWEP Members: 80 M tonnes; 410 plants

- EU 28: 90 M tonnes; 444 plants

- Europe: 96 M tonnes; 492 plants

Reducing Greenhouse Gases:

In total, Europe landfills 175 million tonnes of non-mineral wasteemitting more than 140 million tonnes of CO2eq

At least 153 million tonnes of CO2eq savings could be achieved by:• Diverting waste that is currently landfilled to quality recycling and Waste-to-Energy• By substituting fossil fuels used for the generation of energy with Waste-to-Energy

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Dennis Rendschmidt

GERMAN TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION FOR

GAS AND WATER (DVGW)

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Reducing Methane Emissions

from German Energy Infrastructure

Prof Dr Gerald Linke

9 June 2020, Stakeholder Event “Methane emissions – best

practices in MRV and abatement in the agriculture, energy and

waste sectors”, European Commission, Brussels

A Look into the Past:

what we have achieved already

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-40%CH4

Source: UNFCCC, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data,

Fugitive methane emissions from natural gas.

Fugitive Methane Emissions* from

Natural Gas in GermanyLeak Detection And

Repair (LDAR)

• program outlined in the DVGW

rulebook

• introduction of new practices

to reduce leaks

Investments in grids &

maintenance

• invested billions in new

infrastructure elements

• updated maintenance rules in

the DVGW rulebook

Effectively trained

technical staff

• constant efforts to train workers.

BALSibau launched to reduce

pipeline-related incidents caused

by third parties

Removal of grey cast

iron pipelines

• replaced these pipelines with

modern materials such as PE

• lead to significant emission

reductions

* Methane emissions released into the atmosphere during the production,

processing, transmission, storage and distribution of natural gas

Source: Avacon Netz GmbH: Project ME DSO, 2019

The next Steps: what we are doing to

reduce methane emissions even more

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100–300field

measurements

throughout

Gas becomes green

Measurement Project: “Methane Emissions from

the Gas Distribution Network (ME DSO)”

• review of avail. data & recommendations for future data collection

• identified scope of measurements to achieve statistically reliable

results & recommended an accurate measurement method

• initiated measurement program using the suction method

New DVGW Rule: “Technical Guideline for the

Reduction of Methane Emissions in the Gas

Distribution Network (ME-Red DSO)”• fact sheets for established and innovate measures (e.g. use of

vacuum pumps for purging) to reduce methane emissions

• decision trees for grid operators (e.g. reduction potential and costs)

Julien Moulin

LA FRANCAISE DE L’ENERGIE

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Dave Jones

EMBER

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Poppy Kalesi

ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND

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Environmental Defense Fund contribution to DG ENER’s stakeholder workshop on Methane MRV and abatement

Poppy Kalesi, Director, Global Energy

Colorado Regulation 7

• 52% decrease in number of leaks two years after enactment

• Requires companies to find and fix methane leaks from well production facilities, design storage tanks and upgrade other equipment to minimise emissions in the upstream segment.

• The effectiveness of the Colorado regulations has to a large degree been determined by significant operator compliance.

What happens in case of non-compliance?

The Air Pollution Control Division has the following tools at its disposal:

• Order the operator to comply with the regulations.This can include terminating, revoking, modifying or reissuance the permit.

• Instituting a civil action in state District Court to collect civil penalties of up to $15,000 per day, per violation.

• Request the district attorney to bring an action to enjoin any further violation of an emission control regulation.

• Seek criminal penalties, including fines of up to $25,000 per day per violation, for knowing violations of rules. Knowingly releasing of hazardous air pollutants that place others in imminent danger of death or serious bodily harm are subject to fines up to $50,000 per day, per violation or imprisonment up to 4 years.

• The state, in conjunction with the federal EPA, has entered into consent decrees with various operators for violations of state and federal air pollution control rules that involved multi-million dollar settlements and obligated the operators to conduct significant design and operational changes.

Poppy [email protected]+4794822913

mailto:[email protected]

Axel Scheuer

EXXONMOBIL

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Jonathan Banks

CLEAN AIR TASK FORCE

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Ian Kuwahara

ALBERTA ENERGY REGULATOR

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Konstantin Romanov

GAZPROM

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Christopher Jones

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE

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Alexander Gusev

CLUSTER REPLY AG GERMANY

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SMART MONITORINGOF METHANE EMISSIONS

HOW TO DETECT, QUANTIFY AND MITIGATE METHANE EMISSIONS

Dr. Alexander Gusev – Senior Solution Architect

[email protected]

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Holistic smart methane

monitoring systemCombining existing methane reduction tools with new digital tools to achieve a truly holistic smart

monitoring system

Sensors• Cost efficient, real-time monitoring,

calibration, high accuracy

• Allow monitoring of CH4, C02, CO,

hydrogen, propane, LPG, smoke

Satellite• Provide global picture at scale

with high resolution

• Satellite measurements can be

then integrated with other data

streams

Drones• Low costs, long-range and time

efficient, automated surveillance

• Can be used to monitor methane,

as well as infrastructure with

minimal maintenance costs

Engineering reports• Provide knowledge and

observations regarding methane

leakage spots

Spot robots• Allow detailed identification of

emission sources, completely

autonomous

• Used to measure emissions both at

pipelines and compressor stations

Dashboards• Show real-time emission levels at a

particular point (e.g. compressor

station); alerts and notificationSCADA architecture can be integrated with

cloud/on-premise infrastructure to assure

scalability and flexibility

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Takeaways: smart digital toolsMethodology

• Allow clear quantification and monitoring of emissions on-site – therefore,

real contribution to mitigate climate change

• Fulfill the requirements of Tier 3 (IPCC) and OGMP 2.0 (Level 5)

• Discrepancies between top-down and bottom-up approaches could be

minimized, due to near-continuous monitoring of emissions

• Best practices for deploying emissions monitoring technologies can help to

build a baseline for reporting and comparison

Society

• Help to build transparency and trust in monitoring and reporting of

methane emissions by providing real-time measurements

• Development of Gas Emission Certificates could create clear and reliable

proofs of emission levels

Companies

• Decrease maintenance costs and time needed for monitoring

• Allow continuous monitoring

• The same technologies are used in different segmentsSLIDO CODE: 98491

Robert Judd

EUROPEAN GAS RESEARCH GROUP (GERG)

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The European Gas Research Group Collaborative R&D group for gas with strong industry focus

Over 30 members from 12 countries: gas companies, research centres and universities

Methane Emissions: a GERG Priority

The recent Marcogaz 'Assessment of Methane Emissions for Gas Transmission and Distribution System Operators' report was based on the GERG project MEEM: ‘Methane Emissions Estimation Method'. The report will be used as the basis for downstream industry reporting on methane emissions (integrated into the OGMP 2.0).

Methane Emissions related projects:

Gas migration in soil from a distribution network leakage

Quantifying underground leakages from (gas) pipelines

Measurement of the emission of gas from the transmission system

Hamburg Methane Emissions Project

EC-funded Projects

DEO • CONRAD • DIGBUILD • VOGUE • MICROMAP • PRESENSE • LABNET • GIGA • COMBO • NATURALHY • ORFEUS • INTEG-RISK • GASQUAL• LNG DENSITOMETER • ELEGANCY •THYGA • Biomethane Barriers

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Methane Emissions Measurement In addition to the industry standard of bottom-up technologies of methane

emissions measurement, top-down measurement technologies are beinginvestigated.

Vehicle:

Vehicle surveys have been implemented in Europe for the last 30 years; Picarro’smobile detection system, using sensitive methane/ethane sensors, has proven efficientto quickly detect large leaks. However, extensive measurement campaigns in the USA(NYSEARCH) showed large uncertainty related to the quantification of large number ofsmall leaks makes it unsuitable to quantify emissions.

Satellite:

For the moment, satellite observations don't seem fit for purpose from a mid &downstream perspective.

In 2017, EU distribution networks methane emissions = 330-500 kT/yr

Uncertainty band in the recent paper on Permian basin ME = +/- 500 kT/yr

GERG had previously conducted the EU-funded PRESENSE project on satellitesurveillance and is currently considering the creation of new GERG projects onsatellite/drone surveillance of gas networks.

Main Challenges:

• Correlation between Top-down and Bottom-up measurement techniques

• Estimation of emissions: management of uncertainty

• Resource allocation: Refining residual leaks estimation VS most efficient abatement of emissions from larger leaks

To address these challenges, GERG has setup a Methane Emissions Working Group,tasked with developing a roadmap to closeknowledge gaps on the topic through astructured process.

Pietro Mezzano

OIL AND GAS CLIMATE INITIATIVE

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Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI)

THE INITIATIVE : LOWER CARBON VIA COLLECTIVE ACTION & PARTNERSHIPS

CLIMATE INVESTMENTS : LOWER CARBON VIA INVESTING IN SOLUTIONS

Our Focus

Paris

Agreement

• CEO-led

• Voluntary

• Ambitious

• Additional

• Action oriented

TransportCCUS Role of Gas

Energy Efficiency

Low Emission Opportunities

Natural Climate Solutions

Reduce carbon dioxide emissions, by increasing energy efficiency in power, industry and transport

Reduce methane

emissions through

detection,

measurement &

mitigation

Recycle and store carbon dioxide(CCUS) inapplications such as industrial processes and power generation

• Invest

• Implement

• Achieve impact

at a global scale

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IOGP / IPIECA / OGCI Recommended Practices for CH4 emissions detection and measurement-based quantification technologies

Scope

Provide the user with a framework on how to applydifferent combinations of detection and

measurement-based quantification technologies to:

1. Achieve more effective mitigation action,

2. Improve the robustness of identifying frequencyand persistence of large methane emissions,

3. Understand the feasibility of incorporating

detection observations into emission inventories

4. Improve the quantification of methane emission

TimelineFollowing a phased approach

Q2 20’ to Q1 21’ Detection technologiesQ2 21’ onwards Measurement-based

quantification technologies

Perimeter

Upstream O&GGlobal, all types of assets

Governance

Steerco: IOGP, IPIECA, OGCITask Force: IOGP (lead), IPIECA,

OGCI, others

Consultant – driving force to manage the project

Independent experts to provide

additional technical support

Pascal Alas

GIE AND MARCOGAZ

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Best practices in MRV in the gas sector

Stakeholder event on methane emissions

9th of June of 2020

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The role of the gas industry in reducing

methane emissions

Methane emissions management and reduction for the EU gas

industry:

• Not a new topic

• Among the top priorities

• An opportunity to contribute to achieving the Paris

Agreement targets

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What is the European gas industry doing?

Technical guidance to assess methane emissions inaccordance with a harmonised and transparentmethodology.

Common methane emissions reporting framework

Assessment of methane emissions for Gas Transmission &

Distribution System Operators

Collaborating with the EC, UNEP and EDF with the aim ofhaving a common methane emissions reporting framework.Developing a reporting template and a technical guide.

Guidelines for methane emissions target setting

This document helps companies from theentire gas value chain to set methane emissionreduction targets as complement to mitigationstrategies.

Thank you!

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CLOSING REMARKS

STEFAN MOSER - HEAD OF UNIT FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND

SAFETY IN DG ENER

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THANK YOU

ON BEHALF OF THE CROSS-SECTORAL METHANE TEAM

ANY FURTHER QUESTIONS? PLEASE SEND US AN EMAIL:

[email protected]

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Methane emissions - European Commission · EMBER 98491. Poppy Kalesi ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND...

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