Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.
-
Upload
madeline-fitzgerald -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.
![Page 1: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MeteorologyMeteorologyChap. 12Chap. 12Chap. 12Chap. 12
Air Masses
Weather Systems
Gathering Weather Data
Weather Analysis
![Page 2: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Air Masses – 12.1ObjectivesObjectives
• Compare and contrast weather and climate• Analyze how imbalances in the heating of Earth’s surface create weather• Describe how and where air masses form
The Weather Channel
![Page 3: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I.I. MeteorologyMeteorology
![Page 4: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
I.I. MeteorologyMeteorology
Meteorology is the study of atmospheric Meteorology is the study of atmospheric phenomena.phenomena.
Meteor- means ‘high in the air’Meteor- means ‘high in the air’
![Page 5: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
I.I. MeteorologyMeteorologyA.A. HydrometeorsHydrometeors
Any form of water in the atmosphereAny form of water in the atmosphere
![Page 6: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
I.I. MeteorologyMeteorologyA.A. HydrometeorsHydrometeors
B.B. LithometeorsLithometeors
Solid material in the atmosphere: smoke, dust, Solid material in the atmosphere: smoke, dust, condensation nucleicondensation nuclei
![Page 7: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
I.I. MeteorologyMeteorologyA.A. HydrometeorsHydrometeors
B.B. LithometeorsLithometeors
C.C. ElectrometeorsElectrometeors
Electricity in the atmosphere: thunder and Electricity in the atmosphere: thunder and lightning lightning
![Page 8: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
II.II. Weather vs. ClimateWeather vs. Climate
![Page 9: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
II.II. Weather vs. ClimateWeather vs. Climate
Weather is the Weather is the current state of the current state of the atmosphere (short-atmosphere (short-term) term)
![Page 10: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
II.II. Weather vs. ClimateWeather vs. Climate
Weather is the Weather is the current state of the current state of the atmosphere (short-atmosphere (short-term) term)
Climate is long-term Climate is long-term variation of the variation of the atmosphereatmosphere
![Page 11: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to Earth
![Page 12: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via ..
Energy is transmitted through spaceEnergy is transmitted through space via lightvia light
![Page 13: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, while Some energy is absorbed, while some is some is ..
![Page 14: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, whileSome energy is absorbed, while some is some is reflectedreflected..
![Page 15: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, whileSome energy is absorbed, while some is some is reflectedreflected..
C.C. Not all places receive equal Not all places receive equal radiation.radiation.
Why not ??Why not ??
![Page 16: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, whileSome energy is absorbed, while some is some is reflectedreflected..
C.C. Not all places receive equal Not all places receive equal radiation.radiation.
1.1. When the sunlight strikes the Earth When the sunlight strikes the Earth perpendicularly the maximum perpendicularly the maximum energy is transferred.energy is transferred.
![Page 17: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Unequal distribution of Sun’s radiationUnequal distribution of Sun’s radiation
![Page 18: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, whileSome energy is absorbed, while some is some is reflectedreflected..
C.C. Not all places receive equal Not all places receive equal radiation.radiation.
1.1. When the sunlight strikes the Earth When the sunlight strikes the Earth perpendicularly the maximum perpendicularly the maximum energy is transferred.energy is transferred.
2.2. ImplicationsImplications
![Page 19: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
More heat is transmitted from the sun in ____.
a. the morning
b. the afternoon
c. the evening
ImplicationsImplications
![Page 20: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
More heat is transmitted from the sun in ____.
a. the morning
b. the afternoon
c. the evening
ImplicationsImplications
More heat is transmitted from the sun at____.
a. the equator
b. the poles
c. the point between the equator and the poles
![Page 21: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
More heat is transmitted from the sun in ____.
a. the morning
b. the afternoon
c. the evening
ImplicationsImplications
More heat is transmitted from the sun at____.
a. the equator
b. the poles
c. the point between the equator and the poles
![Page 22: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, which Some energy is absorbed, which some is some is reflectedreflected..
C.C. Not all places receive equal Not all places receive equal radiation.radiation.
D.D. Energy that reaches the Earth is Energy that reaches the Earth is moved by the moved by the _____ and and ..
![Page 23: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
III.III. Energy to EarthEnergy to EarthA.A. Energy gets to Earth via Energy gets to Earth via radiationradiation..
B.B. Some energy is absorbed, which Some energy is absorbed, which some is some is reflectedreflected..
C.C. Not all places receive equal Not all places receive equal radiation.radiation.
D.D. Energy that reaches the Earth is Energy that reaches the Earth is moved by the moved by the waterwater and and airair..
![Page 24: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir Masses
A large dome of air having similar horizontal A large dome of air having similar horizontal temperature and moisture properties.temperature and moisture properties.
![Page 25: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
![Page 26: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
1.1. An air mass that forms over a polar An air mass that forms over a polar region will be ____.region will be ____.
![Page 27: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
1.1. An air mass that forms over a polar An air mass that forms over a polar region will be region will be coldcold..
2.2. An air mass that forms over a tropic An air mass that forms over a tropic region will be region will be __________ and and __ ___ _..
![Page 28: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
1.1. An air mass that forms over a polar An air mass that forms over a polar region will be region will be coldcold..
2.2. An air mass that forms over a tropic An air mass that forms over a tropic region will be region will be warmwarm and and humidhumid..
![Page 29: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses
![Page 30: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses1.1. cT – Continental TropiccT – Continental Tropic
Warm and dryWarm and dry
![Page 31: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses1.1. cT – Continental TropiccT – Continental Tropic
2.2. mT – Maritime TropicmT – Maritime Tropic
Warm and humidWarm and humid
![Page 32: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses1.1. cT – Continental TropiccT – Continental Tropic
2.2. mT – Maritime TropicmT – Maritime Tropic
3.3. cP – Continental PolarcP – Continental Polar
Cold and dryCold and dry
![Page 33: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses1.1. cT – Continental TropiccT – Continental Tropic
2.2. mT – Maritime TropicmT – Maritime Tropic
3.3. cP – Continental PolarcP – Continental Polar
4.4. mP – Maritime PolarmP – Maritime Polar
Cold and humidCold and humid
![Page 34: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses1.1. cT – Continental TropiccT – Continental Tropic
2.2. mT – Maritime TropicmT – Maritime Tropic
3.3. cP – Continental PolarcP – Continental Polar
4.4. mP – Maritime PolarmP – Maritime Polar
5.5. A - ArcticA - ArcticCold and dryCold and dry
![Page 35: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Air Masses over the U.S.Air Masses over the U.S.
![Page 36: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses
C.C. Air masses are also classified by air Air masses are also classified by air mass stabilitymass stability
Stability is the resistance to vertical movement Stability is the resistance to vertical movement of air particlesof air particles
![Page 37: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
IV.IV. Air MassesAir MassesA.A. Source RegionSource Region
B.B. Classifying Air MassesClassifying Air Masses
C.C. Air masses are also classified by air Air masses are also classified by air mass stabilitymass stability
D.D. Air masses are modified while they Air masses are modified while they move.move.
Eventually they lose their original Eventually they lose their original characteristicscharacteristics
![Page 38: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The End
![Page 39: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/climatechange1/08_1.shtml
Air Masses – 12.1ObjectivesObjectives• Describe how the rotation of Earth affects the movement of air
• Compare and contrast wind systems
• Identify the various types of fronts
![Page 40: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global Illustration
![Page 41: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
![Page 42: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
This is observed in the location that receives This is observed in the location that receives the greatest amount of solar radiationthe greatest amount of solar radiation
1.1. Warm air Warm air ..
![Page 43: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
This occurs as air loses energy in the upper This occurs as air loses energy in the upper troposphere.troposphere.
1.1. Warm air Warm air risesrises..
2.2. Cool air Cool air ..
![Page 44: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
This occurs as air loses energy in the upper This occurs as air loses energy in the upper troposphere.troposphere.
1.1. Warm air Warm air risesrises..
2.2. Cool air Cool air fallsfalls..
![Page 45: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
![Page 46: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
1.1. Air moves North or South in various Air moves North or South in various Hadley cellsHadley cells
![Page 47: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
1.1. Air moves North or South in various Air moves North or South in various Hadley cellsHadley cells
2.2. The location where air comes The location where air comes together between the tropics is called together between the tropics is called the the zone zone (ITCZ)(ITCZ)
![Page 48: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
1.1. Air moves North or South in various Air moves North or South in various Hadley cellsHadley cells
2.2. The location where air comes The location where air comes together between the tropics is called together between the tropics is called the the intertropicalintertropical convergenceconvergence zone zone (ITCZ)(ITCZ)
![Page 49: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Intertropical Convergence ZoneIntertropical Convergence Zone
http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/climatechange1
![Page 50: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
C.C. Movement of air relative to Movement of air relative to Earth’s motionEarth’s motion
![Page 51: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
C.C. Movement of air relative to Movement of air relative to Earth’s motionEarth’s motion
1.1. Air doesn’t travel straightAir doesn’t travel straight
![Page 52: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationA.A. Vertical movement of airVertical movement of air
B.B. Movement of air across the Movement of air across the Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface
C.C. Movement of air relative to Movement of air relative to Earth’s motionEarth’s motion
1.1. Air doesn’t travel straightAir doesn’t travel straight
2.2. It turns due to the Coriolis effectIt turns due to the Coriolis effect
![Page 53: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Perception of an East or West deflection of air currents due to the rotation of the Earth.
Coriolis effectCoriolis effect
In the Northern hemisphere air currents are deflected .
In the Southern hemisphere air currents are deflected .
![Page 54: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Perception of an East or West deflection of air currents due to the rotation of the Earth.
Coriolis effectCoriolis effect
In the Northern hemisphere air currents are deflected right.
In the Southern hemisphere air currents are deflected left.
![Page 55: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
![Page 56: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
Occur between the equator and 30Occur between the equator and 30ºN or 30ºN or 30ºSºS
![Page 57: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
2.2. WesterliesWesterlies
Occur between 30Occur between 30º and 60º (in North & South). º and 60º (in North & South). They blow toward the They blow toward the . .
![Page 58: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
2.2. WesterliesWesterlies
Occur between 30Occur between 30º and 60º (in North & South). º and 60º (in North & South). They blow toward the They blow toward the EastEast. (From the West). (From the West)
![Page 59: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
2.2. WesterliesWesterlies
3.3. Polar EasterliesPolar Easterlies
Occur between 60Occur between 60º and 90º (in North & South). º and 90º (in North & South). They blow toward the ______.They blow toward the ______.
![Page 60: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
2.2. WesterliesWesterlies
3.3. Polar EasterliesPolar Easterlies
4.4. DoldrumsDoldrums
It’s pretty depressing to sail here. It’s pretty depressing to sail here.
![Page 61: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
1.1. Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)Trade winds (Northeast & Southeast)
2.2. WesterliesWesterlies
3.3. Polar EasterliesPolar Easterlies
4.4. DoldrumsDoldrums
5.5. Horse LatitudesHorse Latitudes
Watch out for horses!Watch out for horses!
![Page 62: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
E.E. MoistureMoisture
![Page 63: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
E.E. MoistureMoisture
1.1. In areas of In areas of pressure there is rain. pressure there is rain.
![Page 64: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
E.E. MoistureMoisture
1.1. In areas of In areas of lowlow pressure there is rain. pressure there is rain.
2.2. In areas of high pressure it is In areas of high pressure it is ..
![Page 65: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
E.E. MoistureMoisture
1.1. In areas of In areas of lowlow pressure there is rain. pressure there is rain.
2.2. In areas of high pressure it is In areas of high pressure it is drydry..
![Page 66: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
I.I. A Global IllustrationA Global IllustrationD.D. Global wind systemsGlobal wind systems
E.E. MoistureMoisture
F.F. Jet StreamsJet Streams
![Page 67: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Upper-level air winds
Caused by difference in temp. & pressure between equator and poles
High speed (some over 110 mph)
Move from West to East
Jet StreamJet Stream
![Page 68: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Boundary between air masses with different Boundary between air masses with different densities.densities.
II.II. FrontsFronts
![Page 70: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
1.1. Cold air displaces warm airCold air displaces warm air
Symbol:
direction
![Page 71: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
1.1. Cold air displaces warm airCold air displaces warm air
2.2. Warm air rises the steep boundaryWarm air rises the steep boundary
Symbol:
direction
![Page 72: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
1.1. Cold air displaces warm airCold air displaces warm air
2.2. Warm air rises the steep boundaryWarm air rises the steep boundary
3.3. Brings thunderstorms/rainBrings thunderstorms/rain
Symbol:
direction
![Page 73: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
Symbol: direction
![Page 74: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
Symbol: direction
1.1. Warm air moves slowly over cold air massWarm air moves slowly over cold air mass
![Page 75: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
1.1. Warm air moves slowly over cold air massWarm air moves slowly over cold air mass
2.2. Extensive clouds formed with Extensive clouds formed with precipitationprecipitation
Symbol: direction
![Page 76: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
![Page 77: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
1.1. Warm air mass collides with cold massWarm air mass collides with cold mass
![Page 78: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
1.1. Warm air mass collides with cold massWarm air mass collides with cold mass
2.2. Neither air mass pushes harder than the Neither air mass pushes harder than the otherother
![Page 79: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
1.1. Warm air mass collides with cold massWarm air mass collides with cold mass
2.2. Neither air mass pushes harder than the Neither air mass pushes harder than the otherother
3.3. May bring days of cloudy/rainy weatherMay bring days of cloudy/rainy weather
![Page 80: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
D.D. Occluded FrontOccluded FrontSymbol:direction
![Page 81: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
D.D. Occluded FrontOccluded Front1.1. Cold air overtakes another cold frontCold air overtakes another cold front
Symbol:direction
![Page 82: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
D.D. Occluded FrontOccluded Front1.1. Cold air overtakes another cold frontCold air overtakes another cold front
2.2. Often occurs in later stages of stormOften occurs in later stages of storm
Symbol:direction
![Page 83: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
II.II. FrontsFrontsA.A. Cold FrontCold Front
B.B. Warm FrontWarm Front
C.C. Stationary FrontStationary Front
D.D. Occluded FrontOccluded Front1.1. Cold air overtakes another cold frontCold air overtakes another cold front
2.2. Often occurs in later stages of stormOften occurs in later stages of storm
3.3. Precipitation may occur on both sidesPrecipitation may occur on both sides
Symbol:direction
![Page 84: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High Pressure High Pressure
![Page 85: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High Pressure High Pressure
1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is __________
![Page 86: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High Pressure High Pressure
1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is fallingfalling
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air ________Coriolis effect turns air ________
![Page 87: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High Pressure High Pressure
1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is fallingfalling
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air Coriolis effect turns air clockwiseclockwise
3.3. SymbolSymbol
![Page 88: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High Pressure High Pressure
1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is fallingfalling
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air clockwiseCoriolis effect turns air clockwise
3.3. SymbolSymbol
![Page 89: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High PressureHigh Pressure
B.B. Low Pressure Low Pressure
![Page 90: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High PressureHigh Pressure
B.B. Low Pressure Low Pressure 1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is __________
![Page 91: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High PressureHigh Pressure
B.B. Low Pressure Low Pressure 1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is risingrising
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air Coriolis effect turns air ____________________________
![Page 92: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High PressureHigh Pressure
B.B. Low Pressure Low Pressure 1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is risingrising
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air Coriolis effect turns air counterclockwisecounterclockwise
3.3. SymbolSymbol
![Page 93: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
III.III. PressurePressureA.A. High PressureHigh Pressure
B.B. Low Pressure Low Pressure 1.1. Indicates air is Indicates air is risingrising
2.2. Coriolis effect turns air Coriolis effect turns air counterclockwisecounterclockwise
3.3. SymbolSymbol
![Page 94: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
The End
![Page 95: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Gathering Weather Data – 12.3
A balloon launch A balloon launch from the S. Pole.from the S. Pole.
ObjectivesObjectives• Recognize the importance of accurate weather data• Describe the technology used to collect weather data.• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of weather observation systems
![Page 96: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface Data
![Page 97: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
![Page 98: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
1.1. Indicates the Indicates the of the air. of the air.
![Page 99: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
1.1. Indicates the Indicates the temperaturetemperature of the air. of the air.
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 100: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
![Page 101: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
1.1. Indicates the Indicates the _______ of the _______ of the air.air.
![Page 102: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
1.1. Indicates the Indicates the pressurepressure of the air. of the air.
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 103: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
![Page 104: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer1.1. Indicates the speed Indicates the speed
of the of the ..
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 105: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer1.1. Indicates the speed Indicates the speed
of the of the windwind..
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 106: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer
![Page 107: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer1.1. Indicates the Indicates the ______ ______
______________ of the air. of the air.
![Page 108: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer1.1. Indicates the Indicates the relative relative
humidityhumidity of the air. of the air.
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 109: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer
E.E. CeilometerCeilometer
![Page 110: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer
E.E. CeilometerCeilometer1.1. Indicates the height of Indicates the height of ..
![Page 111: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
I.I. Surface DataSurface DataA.A. ThermometerThermometer
B.B. BarometerBarometer
C.C. AnemometerAnemometer
D.D. HygrometerHygrometer
E.E. CeilometerCeilometer1.1. Indicates the height of Indicates the height of cloudsclouds..
2.2. How does it work?How does it work?
![Page 112: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level Data
![Page 113: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
![Page 114: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
A package of sensors that collect atmospheric A package of sensors that collect atmospheric information in the upper atmosphereinformation in the upper atmosphere
![Page 115: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosondeMeasures:Measures:
![Page 116: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
1.1. TemperatureTemperatureMeasures:Measures:
![Page 117: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
1.1. TemperatureTemperature
2.2. PressurePressure
Measures:Measures:
![Page 118: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
1.1. TemperatureTemperature
2.2. PressurePressure
3.3. HumidityHumidity
Measures:Measures:
![Page 119: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
1.1. TemperatureTemperature
2.2. PressurePressure
3.3. HumidityHumidity
4.4. Wind speed & directionWind speed & direction
Measures:Measures:
![Page 120: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
C.C. RadarRadar
RaRadio dio ddetecting etecting aand nd rranginganging
![Page 121: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
C.C. RadarRadar
D.D. Doppler RadarDoppler Radar
Detect the speed of rain drops as they move Detect the speed of rain drops as they move toward/away from stationtoward/away from station
![Page 122: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Doppler EffectDoppler Effect
![Page 123: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Doppler EffectDoppler Effect1.1. The waves ahead of a moving object are The waves ahead of a moving object are
compressed, and wavelength is compressed, and wavelength is shortened.shortened.
![Page 124: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Doppler EffectDoppler Effect1.1. The waves ahead of a moving object are The waves ahead of a moving object are
compressed, and wavelength is compressed, and wavelength is shortened.shortened.
2.2. The waves behind a moving object are The waves behind a moving object are depressed or elongated.depressed or elongated.
![Page 125: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
II.II. Upper-level DataUpper-level DataA.A. Weather balloonsWeather balloons
B.B. RadiosondeRadiosonde
C.C. RadarRadar
D.D. Doppler RadarDoppler Radar
E.E. Weather SatellitesWeather Satellites
Take photos (visible and infrared light) of Take photos (visible and infrared light) of Earth.Earth.
![Page 126: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
The End
![Page 127: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Weather Analysis – 12.4
ObjectivesObjectives• Analyze a basic surface weather chart• Distinguish between analog and digital forecasting• Describe problems with long-term forecasts
![Page 128: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation Model
A condensed compilation of a variety of A condensed compilation of a variety of weather data.weather data.
![Page 131: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation ModelA.A. TemperatureTemperature
B.B. Dew pointDew point
Temperature at which water vapor condensesTemperature at which water vapor condenses
![Page 132: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation ModelA.A. TemperatureTemperature
B.B. Dew pointDew point
C.C. PrecipitationPrecipitation
Rain, Snow, Drizzle, Showers, Fog, Rain, Snow, Drizzle, Showers, Fog, Thunderstorm, etc.Thunderstorm, etc.
![Page 133: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation ModelA.A. TemperatureTemperature
B.B. Dew pointDew point
C.C. PrecipitationPrecipitation
D.D. Cloud coverCloud cover
Fraction of the sky that is covered.Fraction of the sky that is covered.
![Page 134: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation ModelA.A. TemperatureTemperature
B.B. Dew pointDew point
C.C. PrecipitationPrecipitation
D.D. Cloud coverCloud cover
E.E. WindWind
This shows a wind that is 25 knots FROM the This shows a wind that is 25 knots FROM the southwestsouthwest
![Page 135: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
I.I. Station ModelStation ModelA.A. TemperatureTemperature
B.B. Dew pointDew point
C.C. PrecipitationPrecipitation
D.D. Cloud coverCloud cover
E.E. WindWind
This shows a wind that is 25 knots FROM the This shows a wind that is 25 knots FROM the southwestsouthwest
10 + 10 + 5 knots10 + 10 + 5 knots
![Page 136: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface Analysis
![Page 137: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
Lines connecting point of equal valueLines connecting point of equal value
![Page 138: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
““same same ””
![Page 139: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
““same same pressurepressure””
![Page 140: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
2.2. IsothermsIsotherms
““same same ””
![Page 141: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
2.2. IsothermsIsotherms
““same same temperaturetemperature””
![Page 142: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
2.2. IsothermsIsotherms
3.3. These lines are like lines of elevationThese lines are like lines of elevation
![Page 143: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
II.II. Surface AnalysisSurface AnalysisA.A. IsoplethsIsopleths
1.1. IsobarsIsobars
2.2. IsothermsIsotherms
3.3. These lines are like lines of elevationThese lines are like lines of elevation
4.4. Many lines close together represent Many lines close together represent steep transitionsteep transition
![Page 144: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecasting
Predicting the future weatherPredicting the future weather
![Page 145: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
![Page 146: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
1.1. Data was extrapolated from the Data was extrapolated from the weather of the past few daysweather of the past few days
![Page 147: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
1.1. Data was extrapolated from the Data was extrapolated from the weather of the past few daysweather of the past few days
2.2. Not very accurateNot very accurate
![Page 148: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting
![Page 149: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting1.1. Uses computers to analyze lots of Uses computers to analyze lots of
variables.variables.
![Page 150: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting1.1. Uses computers to analyze lots of Uses computers to analyze lots of
variables.variables.
2.2. The higher the density, the better The higher the density, the better the forecast.the forecast.
![Page 151: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting
C.C. Analog ForecastingAnalog Forecasting
Looks for analogous conditions.Looks for analogous conditions.
![Page 152: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting
C.C. Analog ForecastingAnalog Forecasting
1.1. Compares data to past weather that Compares data to past weather that had similar characteristics.had similar characteristics.
![Page 153: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingA.A. HistoricallyHistorically
B.B. Digital ForecastingDigital Forecasting
C.C. Analog ForecastingAnalog Forecasting
1.1. Compares data to past weather that Compares data to past weather that had similar characteristics.had similar characteristics.
2.2. Use to create broad, season Use to create broad, season forecasts.forecasts.
![Page 154: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingD.D. Long-term forecastingLong-term forecasting
![Page 155: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingD.D. Long-term forecastingLong-term forecasting
1.1. Accuracy of a forecast decreases Accuracy of a forecast decreases with time.with time.
![Page 156: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
III.III. ForecastingForecastingD.D. Long-term forecastingLong-term forecasting
1.1. Accuracy of a forecast decreases Accuracy of a forecast decreases with time.with time.
2.2. There are too many variable to There are too many variable to create a good forecastcreate a good forecast
![Page 157: Meteorology Chap. 12 Air Masses Weather Systems Gathering Weather Data Weather Analysis.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070406/56649dff5503460f94ae78a4/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
The End