Metamorphic Rocks _ Pictures of Foliated and Non-Foliated Types
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Home » Rocks » Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Pictures of Foliated and NonFoliated Rock Types
What are Metamorphic Rocks?
Metamorphic rocks have been modified by heat, pressure andchemical process usually while buried deep below Earth's surface.Exposure to these extreme conditions has altered the mineralogy,texture and chemical composition of the rocks. There are two basictypes of metamorphic rocks: 1) foliated metamorphic rocks such asgneiss, phyllite, schist and slate which have a layered or bandedappearance that is produced by exposure to heat and directedpressure; and, 2) nonfoliated metamorphic rocks such as marbleand quartzite which do not have a layered or banded appearance.Pictures and brief descriptions of some common types of metamorphicrocks are shown on this page.
Amphibolite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that forms throughrecrystallization under conditions of high viscosity and directed pressure. Itis composed primarily of amphibole and plagioclase, usually with very littlequartz. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters)across.
Gneiss is foliated metamorphic rock that has a banded appearance and ismade up of granular mineral grains. It typically contains abundant quartz orfeldspar minerals. The specimen shown above is about two inches (fivecentimeters) across.
Phyllite is a foliate metamorphic rock that is made up mainly of very finegrained mica. The surface of phyllite is typically lustrous and sometimeswrinkled. It is intermediate in grade between slate and schist. Thespecimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
Quartzite is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that is produced by themetamorphism of sandstone. It is composed primarily of quartz. Thespecimen above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
Schist is metamorphic rock with well developed foliation. It often containssignificant amounts of mica which allow the rock to split into thin pieces. It
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Hornfels is a finegrained nonfoliated metamorphic rock with no specificcomposition. It is produced by contact metamorphism. Hornfels is a rockthat was "baked" while near a heat source such as a magma chamber, sillor dike. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters)across.
Marble is a nonfoliated metamorphic rock that is produced from themetamorphism of limestone. It is composed primarily of calcium carbonate.The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.
Novaculite Novaculite is a dense, hard, finegrained, siliceous rock thatbreaks with a conchoidal fracture. It forms from sediments deposited inmarine environments where organisms such as diatoms (singlecelledalgae that secrete a hard shell composed of silicon dioxide) are abundantin the water. The specimen shown above is about three inches across.
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is a rock of intermediate metamorphic grade between phyllite and gneiss.The specimen shown above is a "chlorite schist" because it contains asignificant amount of chlorite. It is about two inches (five centimeters)across.
Slate is a foliated metamorphic rock that is formed through themetamorphism of shale. It is a low grade metamorphic rock that splits intothin pieces. The specimen shown above is about two inches (fivecentimeters) across.
Soapstone is a metamorphic rock that consists primarily of talc withvarying amounts of other minerals such as micas, chlorite, amphiboles,pyroxenes and carbonates. It is a soft, dense, heatresistant rock that hasa high specific heat capacity. These properties make it useful for a widevariety of architectural, practical and artistic uses.
More Metamorphic Rocks
Schist
Slate
Soapstone
Quartzite
Novaculite
Gneiss
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