METALLOTHIONEIN
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Transcript of METALLOTHIONEIN
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METALLOTHIONEIN
William J. Walsh, Ph.D.Walsh Research InstituteNaperville, IL
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Walsh Research Institute
Nonprofit public charity
Experimental research
Expertise in biochemical therapy
International physician training
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Human Metallothionein
Family of zinc dependent cysteine-rich proteins,
Short linear arrays of 61 to 68 amino acids,
20 cysteine residues,
S-configuration with extraordinary metal-binding capability.
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Metallothionein Family
MT-I Found throughout body,
MT-II Found throughout body,
MT-III Expressed in brain (growth inhibition)
MT-IV Squamous cells in GI tract, Skin
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Genetic Expression of apo-Metallothionein I and II
Housekeeping proteins, Induced by oxidative stress, toxic
metals, radiation, Ample zinc, histidine, cysteine
needed, Rapid binding to seven atoms of Zn
after expression to form Zn-MT.
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Genetic Expression of apo-Metallothionein III
Growth-inhibition factor in brain,
Rapidly binds to Cu and Zn atoms,
Expression separate from MT-I and MT-II
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Metallothionein PromotionTherapy
Developed initially for autism patients
Efficient removal of mercury and other toxic metals,
Enhances homeostasis of Cu and Zn Excellent antioxidant properties Promising therapy for Alzheimer’s
Disease.
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MT-Promotion Protocol
22 nutrients known to promote genetic expression and functioning of metallothionein,
Step 1: Zinc normalization
Step 2: MT-Promotion nutrients
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Why is Metallothionein Important?
Required for pruning, growth and growth-inhibition of brain cells in early development,
Prevents Hg, and other metal toxics from passing intestinal and blood/brain barriers,
Required for homeostasis of Cu and Zn, Supports immune function, Major antioxidant system in body & brain.
Note: MT functioning can be disabled by severe oxidative stress.
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Teamwork Between Metallothionein, Glutathione, and
Selenium GSH is first line of defense against toxic
metals. When 10-20% of GSH is oxidized, toxic
metals are transferred from GSH to MT. Se increases kinetics of the GSH/MT
antioxidant system by more than 50%. Most toxic metals depart body in MT
form.
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MT & GSH Are Abundant in Intestinal Mucosa and Blood-Brain
Barrier
95% of ingested Hg, Pb, Cd is stopped by MT & GSH at the intestinal mucosa.
80% of toxic metals entering portal blood stream become bound to MT/GSH in liver.
95% of remaining toxic metals are sequestered at B/B barrier by MT & GSH.
Additional MT & GSH are present in the brain and provide antioxidant neuroprotection.
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Oxidative Stress Can Impair Brain Development
High oxidative stress depletes glutathione,
Ample glutathione is required for proper functioning of metallothionein,
Metallothionein is a key factor in early brain development.
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Unique Advantages of Metallothionein-Promotion
Therapy Directly aimed at development of brain
cells, Potential for permanently correcting the
intestinal and blood/brain barriers, Restores a key antioxidant system.
Limitation: Does not directly enhance development of dendrites and synapses.
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Low Metallothionein Levels in Autism
p < 0.0092
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MT-Promotion TherapyAutism Outcome studies
Clear improvement in autism outcomes shown in separate studies by Holmes, Walsh,
Many cases of “recovery”,
Best results for early intervention (ages 2-4).
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Alzheimer’s Disease
Gradual degeneration of brain cells resulting in progressive senility and death,
Amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles, Severe oxidative stress and inflammation, Elevated toxic metals, Present treatments unable to stop death of
brain cells: Average time between diagnosis and death is eight years.
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Rationale for MT-Promotion Therapy for Treatment of
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amyloid plaques are known to result from interaction of metal free-radicals with natural substances in the brain.
Metallothionein proteins provide natural protection against free-radical metal ions,
Metallothionein protein levels are less than 1/3 of normal levels in Alzheimer brains.
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Initial Alzheimer’s Results
Most patients reported partial improvement of memory followed by stabilization of condition.
Some patients exhibit continuing improvement after years of treatment,
Several patients have lost the diagnosis of AD due to lack of progression of the disease after several years.
Caretaker needed for effective compliance.
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Explanation for Memory Improvements Following MT-
Promotion Therapy Destroyed brain cells are lost forever, The untreated AD brain is afflicted by
inflammation and oxidative stresses, MT-Promotion therapy has powerful antioxidant
and anti-inflammation properties, Many Alzheimer researchers believe that
memory and other brain functions would improve if the inflammation and oxidative stresses were reduced.
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Reliable MT Assay Needed
Early commercial MT assays badly flawed,
Research lab assays involved radioactive mercury – A poor candidate for commercial lab test,
MT assay development underway in Kansas City.
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THANK YOU!
Bill Walsh, PhDWalsh Research Institute
Naperville, Illinois
www.walshinstitute.org