metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
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Transcript of metal organic framework-carbon capture and sequestration
Presented by-
VASI UDDIN SIDDIQUI
GD-5405
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH U.P
Mg-MOF-74
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Contents:-
Introduction
Climate Change and CO2 Emission
Research Motivation and Objective Approach and MethodologyConclusions References
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Introduction:-
The award of Nobel Prize to Charles J Pedersen, Donald J Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn in 1987 marked the emergence of a new branch of chemistry, namely supramolecular chemistry.
“Chemistry beyond the molecule” …… LEHN Says 3
“The understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and the utilization of such interactions in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties”
According to GAUTAM R DESIRAJUSolid State and Structural Chemistry Unit,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
“MOF is a porous crystal or say porous sponges with ultrahigh porosity and enormous internal surface area”
According to Omar YaghiChemistry Professor, UC Berkeley
Director, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley Lab4
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MOF basics: MOF= Metal Organic Frameworks; organic-inorganic hybrid materials
Metal centre or cluster(inorganic part)
Linker(organic part)
Metal Organic Framework(coordination polymer)
Climate Change and CO2 Emission
About 69 % of all CO2 emissions and 60% of all Greenhouse gas emissions are energy related.
It is expected that the energy consumption will increase by 57 % by 2030 according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Approximately 60 % of global warming effects are attributed to carbon dioxide emission.
There are two potential sources of carbon dioxide emission-
I.Fossil fuelled power plants,II.Transportation
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Carbon Capture and Sequestration/Storage/geosequestration
Separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from major industrial sources and its deep geological storage, safely and permanently deep underground.
CCS is currently the only technology that will allow us to decrease greenhouse gas emissions.
How does Carbon Capture Work
• Currently carbon capture or carbon dioxide capture is carried out using amine scrubbing.
• Over 50 million tonnes of CO2 are currently stored geologically every year around the world, often as part of oil recovery operations.
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A simplified overview of the carbon capture and storage process.
CAPTURE85-90 %
TRANSPORT STORAGE
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Research Motivation and Objective Explore the possibility of another form of carbon capture i.e. Molecular Organic
Frameworks - and their potential impact in lowering the parasitic energy cost inherent in carbon capture.
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Metal-Organic Frameworks are a possible path to follow to solve the parasitic energy problem.
I.With comparatively low specific heats
II.High selectivity
III.The possibility of tunablility
Metal-organic frameworks could be the material that makes clean coal a reality.
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Removal of CO2 from gas streams: flue gas (4-14%), natural gas (2-50%)
Present technology: Amine scrubbing
in an aqueous solution- Weaknesses:
corrosivity low surface area pure water needed high energy cost
Solid sorbents! Can a better process be developed basedon solid sorbents?
Possible weaknesses: Heat transfer, Sorbent cost (?), powder transfer or gas switching (?)
Approach and Methodology:-
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Why MOFs? A number of modified
mesoporous materials have been studied as CO2 absorbents
Advantages of MOFs
Highly crystalline
Similar to zeolites
Highly porous
Much more advantage over nanoparticles.
• A MOF material has the world record in powder specific surface area: >6000 m2/g!
Design and synthesis of MOFs
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2. Unconventional method i.e. Mechanochemical methods, grinding, to produce Quantitative yields of small MOF particles can be obtained in short reaction times, normally in the range of 10-60 min.
MOF’s have been synthesized in two ways-1. Conventional method i.e. Solvo-thermal techniques, crystals are grown with
metal and organic building blocks in organic solvents, generally at 80-130 °C
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MOFs of the present study:
“Open metal site MOFs preferentially adsorb carbon dioxide over nitrogen or methane” “e.g. Mg-MOF-74 with its unique pyramidal geometry is especially selective for carbon dioxide over other greenhouse gases and has an exceptionally large storage capacity.”
……. Jeff Kortright Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division.
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Conclusions:- In order to develop sustainable and renewable energy sources we need a way to
decarbonize our current infrastructure and i.e. what metal-organic frameworks can do.
India is the world’s third-largest coal consumer. Coal accounts for 62% of the country’s energy supply and its use is expected to grow rapidly (IEA, 2007).
Nearly 75% of the coal produced in India is used in electricity generation, the remainder being used in the steel, cement, and fertiliser industries.
While coal will never be a "green" technology we can at least make it less brown.
Apart from all this the MOF have several number of applications like-
Drug Storage and Delivery
Hydrogen storage
Separations
And the researches are going on………
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References:-1. www.ias.ac.in/pubs/splpubs/pjubileebook/35.pdf
2. Carbon dioxide capture-related gas adsorption and separation in metal-organic frameworks ;Jian-Rong Li a, Yuguang Mab, M. Colin McCarthyb, Julian Sculleya, Jiamei Yub,c,Hae-Kwon Jeongb,c, Perla B. Balbuenab,c, Hong-Cai Zhoua,c.
3. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/What%20is_CCS.pdf
4. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/Chemistry_of_solvent.pdf
5. Sathre, R.; Masanet, E. Prospective life-cycle modeling of a carbon capture and storage system using metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture. RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 4964-4975.
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
7. http://sciencereview.berkeley.edu/read/fall-2012/mofiosos/
8. http://jobs.sgsna.com/sites/sgs/images/sp-automotive-img.jpg
9. http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2012/1_134_ACPI_2(2)2012_P.pdf
10. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CCS_2008.pdf
11. Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: A mini review,Yu-Ri Lee, Jun Kim, and Wha-Seung Ahn†Korean J. Chem. Eng., 30(9), 1667-1680 (2013) DOI: 10.1007/s11814-013-0140-6
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12. www.ias.ac.in/pubs/splpubs/pjubileebook/35.pdf
13. Liu et al. Recent advances in carbon dioxide capture with metal-organic frameworks. Greenhouse Gas Sci. Technol. 2:239-259 (2012)
14. Crystal engineering: A brief overview GAUTAM R DESIRAJU,J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 122, No. 5, September 2010, pp. 667–675
15. http://certifiedsolar.net/uncategorized/feature/the-water-cost-of-carbon-capture/
16. http://sciencereview.berkeley.edu/read/fall-2012/mofiosos/
17. http://www.co2crc.com.au/aboutccs/capture
18. http://www.co2crc.com.au/dls/factsheets/What%20is_CCS.pdf
19. http://research.che.tamu.edu/groups/Seminario/nanotechnology/U4metal%20Organic%20Frameworks.pptx
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It was “maybe a useless compound in the sense that it’s not going to be put in every power plant to capture carbon dioxide, but it stands for young people as an example of some achievement that was thought impossible but now is possible. That to me should always be part of working in science—to inspire young people. It’s an important application.”
Omar YaghiChemistry Professor, UC Berkeley
Director, Molecular Foundry, Berkeley Lab
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