Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
-
Upload
indian-dental-academy -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
![Page 1: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
METAL FREE CERAMICS INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 2: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
INTRODUCTION
• Of all materials used in dentistry to restore the natural dentition, ceramics have by far the best optical properties to mimic tooth structure in appearance translucency, light transmission and biocompactibility give dental ceramics highly desirable esthetic properties.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 3: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
All ceramic inlays,onlays,veneers and crowns are some of the most esthetically pleasing prosthodontic restoration. Because there is no metal to block light transmission, they resemble natural tooth structure better in terms of color and translucency than any other restorative option.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 4: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
DEFINITION
• ACCORDING TO GPT 1999: • CERAMIC IS DEFINED AS:• Compound of one or more metal with a
nonmetallic element, usually oxygen.They are formed of chemical and biochemical stable substances that are strong, hard,brittle and inert non conductors of thermal and electrical energy.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 5: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PORCELAIN
• Is defined as a ceramic material formed of infusible elements joined by lower fusing material.
• Most dental porcelain are glasses and used in fabrication of teeth for dentures, pontics, metal ceramic restoration ,crowns and other restoration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 6: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
COURTESY:ANUSAVICE
• CERAMIC is a compound of metallic and nonmetallic elements.
• Metals:Aluminium, Calcium, Lithium, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Tin, Titanium,Zirconium.
• Nonmetals:Silicon, Boron, Fluoride, Oxygen.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 7: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• They may be used as a single structural component .e.g:CAD CAM inlay
• Or as one of the several layers.e.g: Fabrication of ceramic based prosthesis.
• ALL PORCELAIN AND GLASS- CERAMICS ARE CERAMIC ,BUT NOT ALL CERAMICS ARE PORCELAINS OR GLASS CERAMICS.
• www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 8: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CONTINUED….• They are formulated to provide one or more of the
following properties:• 1.CASTABILITY 6.COLOR• 2.MOLDABILITY 7.MACHINABILITY• 3.INJECTABILITY 8.ABRASION RESISTANCE• 4.TRANSLUCENCY 9.STRENGTH • 5.OPACITY 10.TOUGHNESS•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 9: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HISTORY OF DENTAL CERAMICS
• Dental technology existed in ETRURIA as early as 700 BC and during Roman 1st century BC but remained undeveloped until 18th century.
• Material used for artificial teeth in 18th century is• 1.Human Teeth.• 2.Animal teeth carved to the size &shape• of human teeth. 3.Ivory.• 4.Mineral or porcelain teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 10: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Continued…
• DISADVANTAGE:• 1.Human teeth-costly& scarce• 2.Animal teeth-unstable
towards the corrosive agents in saliva• 3.ivory&bone- contains pores &
are easily stained.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 11: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Continued…
Mineral teeth or porcelain dentures greatly accelerated as an end to the usage of human and animal teeth.
Feldspathic dental porcelain were adapted from European triaxial white ware formulations( clay- quartz- feldspar).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 12: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Continued…
• After decades of effort, Europeans mastered the manufacture of transluenct porcelain, comparable to the porcelain of chinese by 1720.
The use of feldspar to replace lime & high firing temperature are the both critical developments.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 13: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Continued…
• 1723,Enameling of denture metal bases was described by PIERRE FAUCHARD in LE CHIRURGIEN DENTISLE. He was credited with recognizing the potential of porcelain enamels and initiating research with porcelain to imitate color of teeth & gingival tissues.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 14: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Continued…
• 1774, a parsian apothecary ALEXIS DUCHATEAU with assistance of parisian dentist NICHOLAS DUBOIS DE CHEMANT continually improved porcelain formulations.
In England DUDOIS DE CHEMANT procured supplies from collobration with JOSIAH WEDGWOOD.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 15: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Continued…
• 1808, GIUSEPPANGELO FONZI of paris introduced individually formed porcelain teeth that contained embedded platium pins known as TERRO-METALLIC IN- CORRUPTIBLES and their esthetic &mechanical versatility provided major advance in prosthetic dentistry.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 16: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Continued…
• Improvement in transluency&color of dental porcelains were realised through developments that ranged from formulations of ELIAS WILDMAN in 1838 to vaccum firing in 1949
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 17: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Continued…
• Glass inlays(not porcelain)were introduced by HERBST in 1882 with crushed glass frit fired molds made of plaster&asbestos.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 18: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Continued…
• In 1885 LOGAN resolved the retention problem encountered between porcelain crowns&post that were commonly made of wood by fusing the porcelain to platinum post-RICHMOND CROWN.
• These crowns represent the first innovative use of metal ceramic system
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 19: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Continued…
• In 1886, combining burnished platinum foil as a sub structure with the high controlled heat of a gas furnance,LAND introduced first fused feldspathic porcelain inlays&crowns.
• All porcelain crown system despite of its esthetic advantages failed to gain widespread development until alumina was used as reinforcing paste.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 20: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Continued…
• A noteworthy development occurred in 1950 with addition of leucite to porcelain formulation that elevated the coefficient of thermal expansion to allow fusion to certain gold alloys to form complete crowns and FPD.
• Refinements in metal ceramic systems dominated dental ceramic research during the 35years that resulted in improved alloys,porcelain metal bonding and porcelain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 21: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Continued…
• In 1965 McLEAN&HUGHES developed a PJC with a inner core of aluminous porcelain containing 40% to 50% alumina crystals to block the propagation of cracks.
• The inner core is layered with conventional porcelain resulting in a restoration approx twice as strong as traditional PJC.But the structure is still insufficient for anything but anterior crowns.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 22: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Continued…
• Fracture resistance of the aluminous PJC was improved by a technique in which the platinum matrix is left in completed restoration.
• The platinum foil decreased the amount of light transmitted which diminishes somewhat esthetic advantage of all ceramic.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 23: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Continued…
• The introduction of a “shrink-free”all ceramic crown system(cerestore,coors biomedical)& castable glass ceramic crown system(dicor,dentsply) in 1980s provided additional flexibility for achieving esthetic results.
• Advanced ceramic systems introduced with innovative processing methods stimulated renewed interest in all ceramic prosthesis.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 24: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
DEFINITION
• ACCORDING TO GPT 1999, • ALL CERAMIC is defined as ceramic
restoration that restores a clinical crown without a supporting metal substructure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 25: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
COURTESY:ANUSAVICE
• PJC: • One of the first types of all ceramic
crown made from a low strength aluminous core porcelain & veneering porcelain(with matching thermal contraction coefficient) without the use of a supporting metal substrate except in some instances for a thin platinum foil.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 26: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• CJC:• An all ceramic crown without a supporting
metal substrate that is made from a ceramic with a substantial crystal content(>50 vol%)from which its higher strength and/or toughness is derived.These crowns are distinguished from PJC that are made with low strength core material,usually aluminous porcelain or feldspathic porcelain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 27: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES OF METAL CERAMICS
• Metal margin exposure • To achieve better esthetics,the facial margin
of an anterior restoration is often placed subgingivally which increases the potential for periodontal diseases.
• Risk of over contouring-metal 0.5mm and the rest is ceramic material.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 28: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Because of glass like nature of veneering material they are subjected to brittle fracture.
• Metal bases affect the esthetics of porcelain by decreasing the light transmission through the restoration and by creating metal ion discoloration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 29: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Fit of long span bridges may be affected by the creep of the metal during successive bakes of porcelain.
• Porcelain made in metal ceramic technique are more liable to devitrify which can produce cloudiness.
• Some patients have allergic reaction or other sensitives to metal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 30: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• These drawbacks have prompted the development of new all ceramic system that do not require metal,yet have high strength and precission fit of cerametal system.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 31: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
STRENGTH
• Strength is greatly influenced by presence of surface flaws acting as stress initiators&causing widening&propagation of micro cracks through material from the surface.Therefore dental porcelain is much weaker in tension than in compressive and is prone to brittle fracture.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 32: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Strength is influenced by static fatigue which is generally caused by a stress dependent chemical reaction between water vapour &surface flaw in the restoration.This causes flaw to grow to critical dimension,allowing spontaneous crack propagation, resulting in a fracture with comparatively little occlusal loading particularly over long periods.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 33: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CERAMICS
• COURTESY:ANUSAVICE• Dental ceramics are classified according to • 1.Types• 2.Uses • 3.Processing methods• 4.By substructure material
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 34: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
TYPES
1.Feldspathic porcelain 2.Leucite reinforced porcelain3.Aluminous porcelain4.Alumina5.Glass infiltrated alumina 6.Glass infiltrated spinel7.Glass ceramic
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 35: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
USES
• Denture teeth • Metal ceramics• Veneers• Inlays• Crowns • Anterior bridges
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 36: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PROCESSING METHODS
• 1.Sintering• 2.Casting• 3.Machining
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 37: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
SUBSTRUCTURE MATERIAL
• 1.Cast metal • 2.Swaged metal• 3.Glass ceramic• 4.CAD CAM porcelain• 5.Sintered ceramic core
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 38: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
COURTESY:SHILLINGBURG
• According to firing temperature:• High fusing:-1,290-1,370 C(2,350-
2,500F)• Medium fusing:-1,090-1,260 C(2,000-
2,300F)• Low fusing :-870-1,065C(1,600-
1,980F)s
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 39: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
HIGH FUSING PORCELAIN
• Is used for manufacture of porcelain teeth,also for some extent for PJC.
• Composition:• FELDSPAR-70% to 90%-matrix• QUARTZ-11% to 18 %-refractory
skeleton.• KAOLIN-1% to 10%-acts as a binder when
porcelain is ‘green’ or unfired.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 40: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
LOW AND MEDIUM FUSING PORCELAIN
• Manufactured by a process called fritting.• Raw constituents of porcelain are
fused,quenched&ground back to an extremely fine powder.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 41: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
INTEREST FOR ALL CERAMIC CROWNS
• It has more potential for more esthetic anterior restoration.
• In PFM,alloys structure produces opaque appearance and metal margin are often visible.
• Selection of alloys for PFM is confusing issue.
• www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 42: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
• High gold content alloys are relatively expensive.
• Risk of metal allergy, bond failure,porcelain discoloration
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 43: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
• Powder slurry/sintered porcelain.• Castable ceramics.• Pressable ceramics.• Infiltrated glass ceramic.• Machinable ceramic.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 44: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
POWDER SLURRY PORCELAINS
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 45: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Products are supplied as powder to which ceramist adds distilled water to produce a slurry,which is build up in layers on a die material to form the contours of restoration.The powder is available in different shades and translucencies and are supplied with characterstics stains and glazes.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 46: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
EXAMPLES
• OPTEC H.S.P(JENERIC/PENTRON)• DUCERAM L.F.C(DUCERA INC)• VITA HI-CERAM(VITA ZAHNFABRIK)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 47: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
OPTEC H.S.P(HIGH STRENGTH PORCELAIN)
• Leucite reinforced feldspathic porcelain• The manufacturer disperses the leucite
crystals in a glassy matrix by controlling their nucleation and crystal growth during the initial production of porcelain powder.
• The leucite crystals added to the glass base are 10microns in size and its concentration is 50 to 60 wt%.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 48: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Body and incisal porcelain are pigmented to provide desired shade&translucency.
• Greater strength so no core required.• Leucite and glass matrix fused at 1020
deg C.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 49: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
ADVANTAGES
• 1. Lack of metal or opaque substructure.• 2.Good transluency.• 3.Moderate flexural strength.• 4.No special laboratory equipment needed.•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 50: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
• 5.Two and a half times stronger than conventional porcelains.
• 6.It transmits,reflects&refracts light in the same manner as natural teeth ideal for laminate veneers.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 51: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES
• Porcelain margin inaccuracies caused by porcelain sintering shrinkage.
• Potential to fracture in posterior teeth.• Increased leucite content leads to in vitro
wear of opposing teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 52: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
DUCERAM L.F.C
• Composition: amorphous glass containing hydroxyl ions.
• Manufacturer claims that this noncrystalline structure has greater density,higher flexural strength,greater fracture resistance and lower hardness than feldspathic porcelain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 53: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
• High flexural strength results from an ion exchange mechanism of hydroxyl ions which is said to also promote a healing of surface micro cracks.
• Decreased hardness is due to absence of leucite crystals.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 54: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PROPERTIES
• Flexural strength-110 Mpa• Hardness close to natural teeth due to
absence of leucite.• Opalescence of natural teeth can be
reproduced.• Fluorescence is very close to natural teeth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 55: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ADVANTAGES
• Excellent marginal adaptation.• No special equipment required.• Allow modification by repeated firing.• Abrasion rate close to that of natural teeth.• Good esthetic results.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 56: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
INDICATION
• Ceramic inlays.• Veneers.• Full contour crowns.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 57: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
CONTRA INDICATION
• Masking grossly discolored teeth.• When aiming for high fracture resistance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 58: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
VITA HICERAM
• MATERIAL:• Higher content of aluminium
oxide/aluminium oxide reinforced.• It consists of 50% of aluminium crystals in a
matrix of low fusing glass of matching thermal expansion.
• Aluminous core porcelain are twice stronger than regular porcelain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 59: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
MERITS
• Highly accurate margins.• Higher melting points and greater stability.• For both anterior and posterior crown
veneers.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 60: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
CASTABLE CERAMICS
• These products are supplied as solid ceramic ingots which are used for fabrication of restorations using lost wax and centrifugal casting technique.The restoration is either covered by conventional feldspathic porcelain or is stained to obtain proper shading and characterisation of final restoration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 61: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
• EXAMPLE:• Dicor(corning glass,Dentsply)-
micaceous glass ceramic.• Dicor plus-Dicor coping with compatible
veneering porcelain.• Cerapearl(Bioceram,Kyocera)-
Hydroxyapatite is a main crystalline phase.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 62: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
DICOR
• Dicor castable glass ceramic is one of the pyoceram ceramics manufactured by STOOKEY of the corning glassware in 1978.
• Dicor is the first commercially available castable ceramic material for dental use.
• Present system was introduced by PETER ADAIR and DAVID GROSSMAN in 1984.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 63: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
• It is a composite materials of a glassy matrix phase and a crystal phase
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 64: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
COMPOSITION
• SiO2-45%-70%w/w• K2O-20%w/w• MgO-3%-13%w/w• MgF2-4%-9%• Fluoride acts as a nucleating agent which aids
the growth of crystalline phase leading to growth of 0.5-2 microns small tetrasilicic crystals and it improves fluidity of molten glass.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 65: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
• Al2O3 and ZrO2-minor amounts-incorporated for durability and fluorescing agent for esthetics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 66: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
MATERIAL
• Dicor restoration is made by investing a wax pattern and casting by last wax process.
• Cast crown is a clear glass that must be heat treated to form a crystalline phase composed of tetrasilicic fluoromica(K2Mg5SiO8O20F4) which provides fracture resistance and strength(Hoekstra 1986).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 67: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
• Crystallisation procedure takes place during heating the reinvested crown for 6hrs at 1070 C – causes the growth of microscopic plate like crystals of crysyalline material(mica)in the glass matrix.
• This crystal nucleation and crystal growth is known as ceramming.
• It forms 45 vol %-glass matrix, 55 vol %-tetrasilica fluoro mica crystals.s
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 68: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
• This causes mica to form a “STRONG HOUSE OF CARDS”structure which makes fracture propagation especially equally difficult in all direction.
• It is highly transluescent.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 69: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
CREATION OF CAST GLASS CERAMIC RESTORATION
• Full anatomic wax up.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 70: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• Casting to a glassy state.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 71: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
• Ceramming to a crystalline glass ceramic.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 72: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
• Applying external colorants.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 73: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
SURFACE REACTION
• Between investment material&glass leads to an exchange of ions between the two as a result of high temperature&long reaction time.
• Glass releases potassium ions(k ions)&takes up a calcium ions . It loses fl ions from its surface.
• This leads to a composition at the glass surface that is different from internal composition of the glasses.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 74: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
• The outer skin layer on dicor ceramic contains needle like crystals of the silicate enstatite(MgSiO3) oriented perpendicular to the surface –ceram layer and is the site of considerable residual porosity.
• This weakend surface layer reduces the significantly the overall strength of the material.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 75: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
• Characterisation of crown is achieved by surface glaze.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 76: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
PROPERTIES
• 1.Strength:-Crystalline structure of this material lessens the likelihood of crack propagation because the lattice structure is able to absorb compressive forces.
• 2.Abrasiveness:-The hardness coefficient& wear characteristic is as same as enamel.
• Cast ceramic-362KHN• Enamel-343 KHN
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 77: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
• 3.Light absorptive refraction:-• Glass ceramics refracts 75% of
entity light because of its organised crystalline structure which a refractive index similar to that of enamel which guides the light deep into the ceram.
• It absorbs light from other teeth& filling material creating a “Chameleon effect”.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 78: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
• Cast glass ceramic are radiolucent & allow radiographic examination of marginal integrity,extreme thickness of bases & podt & cores.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 79: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
• 4.Compactibility:-• It exhibition less surface plaque
accumulation than enamel , cementum & any other restoration material.
• fluoride content inhibition bacterial colonisation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 80: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
• 5.Marginal adaptation:-• More consisten in terms of fit than
gold crowns(Malament&Grossman 1992).• Thermal expansion of cast glass ceramic is
close to that of natural enamel.This causes similar expansion & contraction during normal temperature fluctuation,thus maintaining a good marginal seal.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 81: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
• 6.Thermal conductivity:-• Low thermal conductivity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 82: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
ADVANTAGES
• 1.Last wax-Casting fabrication procedure/technique allow to easy morphology control.
• 2.Fit of restoration is excellent.• 3.wearing of opposing occlusion is predicted to
less than that of conventional porcelain.• 3.Fluctural strength is greater than conventional.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 83: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
• 4.Marginal porcelain opening is less when compared to McCrown.
• Dicor-30-60mm• Metal Ceramic Crown-62-65mm• 5.Glazed proximal surface are very smooth
&resistent to plaque accumulation• 6.Good esthetics & transluency.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 84: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
DISADVANTAGES
• 1.Special equipment & cost.• 2.The process is technique sensitive.• 3.When colorant in surface stain, any grinding on
the restoration leads to anesthetic opaque white areas.
• 4.High failures rate in posterior region of mouth.• 5.Greater bulk in some cases decreases the
chameleon effect &esthetic results.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 85: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
INDICATION
• 1.Anterior porcelain J C.• 2.Inlays , onlays ,3/4 crown.• 3.Partial veneers
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 86: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
CONTRA INDICATION
• 1.Clinical crown length in short-it would compromise resistance & retention of the preparation.
• 2.FPD.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 87: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
DICOR PLUS CERAMIC
• Because of esthetic limitation-venering cutback Dicor coping feldaspathic porcelain was developed with intrifuging name”Willi’s Glass”.
• It provided perspective to recent introduction of Dicor plus ceramic(Dentsply international).
• It is a compactible veneering porcelain for fabricating “Willi’s Glass crowns”.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 88: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
CERAPEARL(KYOCERA)
• It is CaOP2O5MgOSiO2 glass ceramic or calcium phosphate glass similar to hydroxyapatite of the enamel.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 89: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Composition
• CaOP2O5-aid in glass formalisation.It is the main ingredient to form hydroxyapatite crystals.
• MgOCaO-covers viscosity• SiO2 with P2O5-forms matrix
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 90: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Properties
• 1.It melts at 1460 C & casted which has an amorphous microstructure and is reheated at 870 C for 1 hr-crystalline oxyapatite.
• 2.It is unstable & when exposed to moisture forms crystalline hydroxyapatite.
• 3.It is similar to enamel providing superior mechanical strength.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 91: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
INFILTRATED GLASS CERAMIC
• These are glass infiltrated core ceramics.This involves slipcasting technique for making core and the contours of the restoration are obtained by individual layering & staining technique.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 92: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
• Example: Inceram (vita zahnfabrik)• Alumina • Ziremia• Spinell
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 93: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
INCERAM ALUMINA
• Inceram was evolved by research by Dr.Mickael Sadoun in 1985 using alumina as core material & was manufactured & marketed by Vita Zahnfabrik,Germany.
• Inceram belongs to a class of materials known as interpenetrating phase composites.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 94: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
• They contain atleast 2 phases that are interwined or extend continously from internal to external surface.
• They posess improved mechanical & physical properties compared with individual components.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 95: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
• Have improved sterngth & fracture resistance because a crack must pass through alternate layers of both components.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 96: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Material
• A suspension of finely grounded material-alumina(slip) is mixed to a thin,creamy,consistency,is brushed onto the die in a method slipcasting.
• Water is removed via the capillary action of porous gypsum which packs the particles into a rigid network.Initial grain size –3microns.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 97: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
• It is fired at a temperature rise of approx 20 C /min to 1120 C for 2 hrs.
• This causes approx of particles with minimal compaction and minimal shrinkage(minimal sintering) of alumina forming a porous network.
• It has chalky consistency and still easy to process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 98: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
• Lathanum alumino silicate La(Al2O3 SiO2) glass is used to infiltrate the pores by capillary action at high temperature.
• Veneered with compactabile feldspathic porcelain.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 99: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Properties
• Flexural strength:-600 Mpa.• Infused alumina core is 2.5 times stronger
than glass ceramic and feldspathic porcelain.
• Posess greater compressive strength than IPS empress but less than metal ceramic restorations.
• Fracture toughness-4.7 Mpa.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 100: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Advantages
• Lack of metal substructure.• Very high flexural strength.• Excellent fit.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 101: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Disadvantages
• Opacity of core.• Unsuitable for conventional acid etching.• Need for specialised equipment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 102: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
INCERAM ZIRCONIA
• PRINCIPLE:• Strengthening is achieved by
incorporating a crystalline material that is capable of undergoing a change in crystal structure when placed under stresess & provides higher strength.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 103: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
• Material incorporated is 33% zirconia(partially stabilized zirconia).
• 1.To improve flexural strength,fracture toughness and fatigue resistance.
• 2.The energy required for transformation of PSZ is taken from energy that allows the crack to propagate.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 104: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Properties
• Flexural strength is 700MPa• Greater strength-can be used for posterior
bridges.• Moderate transluency.• Biocompactible and good tissue response.• Fracture toughness is 6.8MPa.• Refractive index of PSZ > than surrounding
glass matrix.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 105: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
INCERAM SPINELL
• A second generation material based on inceram technique.
• A primary difference is a change in composition to produce a more translucent core.
• Porous core is fabricated from magnesium –alumina after sintering.It has special crystalline structure referred to as ‘SPINEL’[magnesium aluminate,MgAl2O4].
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 106: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
• Originally magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and transformed to spinel at temp above 1600 C.
• Porous spinel is secondarily infused with glass which produces a more translucent substructure upon which vitadur alpha is placed to form final restoration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 107: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Properties
• Weaker but more translucent than the alumina core-recommended for esthetically challenging single unit anterior restoration.
• Flexural strength=350 Mpa.• Fracture toughness=2.7 Mpa• Acid resistant,chemical stability,low
electrical conductivity,high transluency and biocompactible.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 108: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
MACHINABLE CERAMICS• These products are supplied as ingots in various shades &
are milled into desired form.These machine restorations can be stained & glazed to obtain desired characterisation.
• They are 2 types:-• 1.CADCAM-Computer aided designing computer aided
milling.• Example: CEREC(sirconia)• Ivoclar proCAD(Ivoclar)• Dicor MGC(Dentsply) • 2.Copy milling:Celay(michrono technologies)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 109: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
CADCAM CERAMIC
• A machinable ceramic material formulated for the production of inlays and crowns through the use of a computer aided design,computer aided machining process.
• Eg:Cerec,cerec2,cerec3,cerec scan,cerec inlab,procera.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 110: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
History
• Development of CADCAM systems for the dental profession began in
• 1970s with Duret in France,Altschuler in USA, Mormann and Brandestini in Switzerland.
• Rekow-1987• William-1987• Rekow et al-1992-93• Rice & Mecholsky-1997
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 111: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Objectives
• To eliminate traditional impressional methods.
• To design, with aid of the computer, the future restoration is accordance with the preparation, the function and natural anatomy.
• To produce the restoration chairside.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 112: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
• To machine the restoration by rotating device,sono or electro-erosion,laser etc..
• To improve restoration qualities-mechanical resistance,marginal fit,surface qualities and esthetics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 113: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Advantages
• Negligible porosity in CADCAM core ceramics.
• Freedom from making impression.• Need for only single appointment.• Good patient acceptance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 114: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
• Need for costly equipments.• Lack of computer controlled processing
support for occlusal adjustment.• Technique sensitive.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 115: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Types of CADCAM
• Direct : Fully integrated CADCAM devices for chairside restorative approach.
• CADCAM stations are located at the dental office.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 116: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
• Indirect method: It consists of several modules with at least distinctive CAD&CAM stations.
• The impression(optical) is taken in the dental office where the CAD operation is carried out.Data are transmitted to central CAM station for restoration manufacturing.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 117: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
• Optical impression is taken in the dental office, collected information is then transmitted to a central station where CAD&CAM modules operate.
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 118: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
• Because of overall dimension and cost of the CADCAM machines, they are usually not located in a dental office,but more likely in a different treatment places converge.
• eg:Duret system• procera[Nobel biocare]• cicero system[elephant industries]• president DCS system[DCS dental].
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 119: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
DIRECT CADCAM System
• CEREC system has been marketed for several years with the improved CEREC2 introduced in mid-1990’s and upgraded to CEREC3 in 2000.
• The equipment consists of a computer integrated imaging and milling system, with the restoration designed on the computer screen.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 120: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
MATERIALS USED
• Vita Mark II [Vident]:contains sanidine[KALSi3O8] as a major crystalline phase with a glassy matrix.
• Dicor MGC:is a mica based machinable glass ceramic that contain 70 vol% of crystalline phase.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 121: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
• The unique “HOUSE OF CARDS”microstructure found in Dicor MGC is due to interlocking of the small platelet shaped mica crystals with an average size of 1-2 microns.
• It leads to multiple crack deflection and ensures a greater strength than leucite containing ceramics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 122: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
• ProCad[ivoclar]: is a leucite containing ceramic.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 123: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
• Vita Inceram Blocks [Vita Zahnfabrik]:• SPINEL blanks: Spinel are used for to
obtain an esthetically appealing, translucent ceramic structures.
• ALUMINA blanks:this has the advantage of the synthetic corundum that is prepared from bauxite in electric melting furnance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 124: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
• ZIRCONIA blanks: this combines the fracture toughness of the metastable tetragonal zirconium oxide referred to an ceramic steel.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 125: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
LIMITATION IN CEREC
• The cerec system was acceptable with regard to the longetivity of adhesively bonded restoration , but the amount of manual correction to make material fit was too high.
• Poor marginal fit of restoration.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 126: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
• Diamond disc was only tool for cutting.Hence it was important to incorporate an additional diamond cutting instrument.
• Lack of sophistication in machining of occlusal surface.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 127: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
• Dentist’s required intensive training for CAD.So it was important to achieve easy and user friendly software for CAD.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 128: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
CEREC 2:Improvisations in cerec 2
• Improvisations were made in CEREC2 such as
• 1.CAD module was implemented with a second form milling tool(a cylindrical,diamond bur) which provides six milling axes instead of three.
• 2.It has enchanced control software.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 129: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
• 3.New camera provides more data with greater accuracy with a resolution from 25-50 microns.
• 4.It is capable of processing much more complicated restoration form & roughly developing occlusal surface.
• 5.Marginal adaptation of CEREC2 is improved.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 130: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
CEREC3
• Software still easy & user friendly which uses window as operating systems.
• Precise restoration.• External & internal measuring.• Rapid production.• Imaging unit & milling unit can be linked
via various means.• Supported with online helps & design.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 131: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Advantages
• Time saving-one or two appointments required.• Time taken for making optical impression is 5 sec.• Wear hardness similar to enamel.• Less fracture due to the usage of single
homogenous block with negligible porosity.• Excellent polish & improved esthetics.• Good occlusal morphology.• Good patient acceptance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 132: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
INDIRECT CADCAM
• Eg: Cerec scan,cerec inlab,procera system.• CEREC SCAN:• Inclusive of both scaning &
milling device with laptop imaging device.• •
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 133: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
• CEREC INLAB:• Consists of a compact milling
unit with a in built scanner.It produces more precision restoration.Software runs as WINDOW 98.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 134: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
• Procerra system:• Introduced by Dr.Matts
Anderson from Nobel Biocare.• Involves an industrial
CAD/CAM process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 135: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Materials used
• Involves(densely sintered high purity inmdustrial aluminum oxide) core combined with a (low fusing veneering porcelain) fabricated by the pressed powder technique.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 136: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Technique Specification
• Computer aided designed copings of 0.2mm thickness is made from dense sintered industrial aluminium oxide with is translucent & tooth colored.
• Final morphology constructed with aluminium ceramic with matched thermal expansion.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 137: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Advantages
• Good clinical perfomance. • Good marginal adaptation.• Metal free & precision fit.• Reduced opposing wear.• Natural translucency & biocompactibility.• Enhanced esthetic & strength
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 138: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Indication
• All single crown anterior & posterior for modified implant copings for direct cementation.
• Where minimum crown thickness only possible & light transmission through to the gingiva for good esthetics is critical.
• In situation where good moisture control is difficult & adhesive luting technique is contraindicated.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 139: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Copy milling
• A process of machining a structure using a device that traces the surface of a master metal, ceramic or polymer pattern & transfers the traced spatial positions to a cutting station where a blank is cut or ground in a manner similar to a key-cutting procedure.
• Eg:Celay
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 140: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
CELAY Systems(Mikrona technologies)
• Developed by Dr.Stefan I.Eidenbenz at the university of Zurich in 1994.
• It is a precision copy milling machine that uses similar types of ceramic materials,but is not computer driven.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 141: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Technique Specification
• Based on a mechanical device that is used to trace the surface of a prefabricated pattern of the designed restoration made from a blue resin based composite which is produced either directly on die made from impression.
• Replica is mounted on one side of celay system(scanning side)and a ceramic block is mounted on the milling side.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 142: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
• Uses sequential milling procedure proceeding from course to fine milling bur.
• Restoration are milled in 15-20min with internal & occlusal surfaces fully formed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 143: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Materials Used
• Vitablocks similar to CEREC vitablocks.• Inceram alumina blocks are used to fabricate
single and multiple unit.• Inceram cores for production of all ceramic
crowns & bridges.• Inceram porous alumina is milled with the celay
system & subsequently infused with glass before application of the overlying porcelain
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 144: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
ADVANTAGES
• Marginal accuracy seem to be good, a little better than the cerec system.
• Good patient acceptance.• Less adjustment work.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 145: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
HOT PRESSED, INJECTION MOULDED CERAMIC
• They are supplied as ingots.• These products are melted at high
temperature and injected into a moulded using lost wax process.
• They can be made into full contours or used as a substrate for conventional feldspathic porcelain buildup or layering technique.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 146: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
• Example:• IPS Empress I,II [Ivoclar vivadent[• OPC• Alceram[ cerestore, innotek dental
corporation].
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 147: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
IPS EMPRESS
• Leucite reinforced glass ceramic material [40%-50%]
• Leucite crystals increase the strength and fracture resistance of the feldspathic glass matrix.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 148: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
COMPOSITION• SiO3-59%-63%• K2O-10%-14%• Al2O3-17%-21%• CeO3-0.1%• Na3O-3.5%-6.5%• BaO-0-1.5%• B2O3-0.1%• CaO-0.5%-2.8%• TiO3-0.05%• PIGMENT-0.5-1%
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 149: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
TECHNIQUE
• Restoration is first waxed up and invested using the lost wax process.
• Ingots are softened before being pressed into a mould under pressure of 0.4MPa at 1150 C.
• Pressure maintained for 20 min during which time the tetragonal leucite crystals are dispersed throughout the restoration, giving a 40% concentration by volume.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 150: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Advantages
• Lack of metal or opaque ceramic core• Moderate flexural strength [similar to that
of Optec HSP]• Excellent fit and esthetics.• Increased durability and wear
compactibility• High transluency and natural esthetics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 151: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Disadvantages
• Potential for fracture in posterior region.• Need for special laboratory equipment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 152: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
PROPERTIES
• Bending \fatigue strength:200MPa.• Marginal gap width:50 microns.• Flexural strength:220MPa.• Marginal integrity:<50 microns.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 153: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
INDICATION
• Inlays\onlays• Veneers.• Full coverage crowns.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 154: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
IPS EMPRESS 2
• Principle:• increasing the strength of the
material without compromising its transluency.
• High strength of IPS Empress2 replaces older IPS Empress.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 155: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
MATERIAL
• Schwieger et al developed a highly crystalline [>60%] microstructure of densely arranged lithium disilicate crystals of size 0.5-5 microns were uniformly bonded in a glassy matrix.
• It is composed of homogenously shaped elongated lithium disilicate crystals arranged in a interlocking structure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 156: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
• This hinders crack propogation to elevate fracture toughness and flexural strength.
• In addition to lithium disilicate ,lithium ortho phosphate occurs as a secondary crystal phase measuring 0.1-0.3 microns which are comparatively small.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 157: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
COMPOSITION
• SiO3-57-80%• Al2O3-0-5%• La2O3-0.1-6%• MgO-0-5%• ZnO-0-8%• K2O –0-13%• Li2O3-11-19%• P2O3-0-11%• Pigment-0-8%m
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 158: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
Layering ceramic
• Sintered glass ceramics.• Supplied in powder form-
dentin ,incisal,transparent.• Their crystalline phase consist of
fluoroapatite.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 159: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
COMPOSITION
• SiO3 -45-70%• Al2O3 -5-22%• P2O3 -0.5-6.5%• K2O -3-9%• Na2O -4-13%• CaO -0-11%• F -0.1-2.5%• PIGMENT-0.3%
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 160: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Indication
• Anterior and posterior crowns and bridges.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 161: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
ALCERAM• MATERIAL:• Aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide- react
to form magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4).• Magnesium aluminate spinel occupies a greater volume
than the combination of magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide, the resultant volume increase compensate for the firing shrinkage (starling et al).
• Non shrink ceramics.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 162: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
COMPOSITION
• Al2O3 -43.29%• Al2O3 -17.32%• BaO-SiO2-Al2O3 GLASS FRIT -12.99%• (58%BaO,42%SiO2,5%Al2O3) • MgO -8.66%• Edger plastic kaolin -3.90%• Calcium stearate -0.86%• Accrawax -0.86%• Silicone resin -12.12%
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 163: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
• Calcium stearate and accrawax- binder and lubricant.
• Barium glass frit and silicon resin –forms glass phase.
• On temperature over 1300 C the magnesium and some alumina combine to form spinel.
• Crystal content of ceramic-70%-95% by body wt.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 164: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
• Cerestore coping is placed on the master die and a suitable aluminous veneer porcelain is used to complete the crown
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 165: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
PROPERTIES
• Density-2.80g\cc• Flexural strength-125MPa• Compressive strength-450MPa• Low coefficiet of thermal expansion-
below8*10-6 C.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
![Page 166: Metal Free Ceramics / orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011722/577cca1b1a28aba711a562f8/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Thank you
For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com