Metabolites primary and secondary. Learning Outcomes Compare and contrast the processes of...
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Metabolites – primary and secondary
Learning Outcomes• Compare and contrast the processes of continuous culture and batch
culture.• Describe the differences between primary and secondary
metabolites.
Metabolism and metabolites• Metabolism (process)• Sum total of all the chemical reactions• Processes produce
• New cell and cell components• Chemicals• Waste products
• Metabolites (products)• A substance produced during cell processes
Primary and secondary metabolites• Primary metabolite• Substance produced by organism as part of it’s normal growth• E.g. amino acids, proteins, enzymes• Production of primary metabolites matches the growth in population
• Secondary metabolite• A substance only produced
at a particular growth phase• No direct involvement in
fundamental metabolite processes• Production usually begins
after the main growth phase of the micro organisms
Primary Metabolites• Primary metabolites are produced during active cell growth [lag, exponential,
stationary], matches the growth in population of the organisms• Produced by all microorganisms
Secondary Metabolites• Secondary metabolites are produced near the onset of stationary
phase e.g antibiotic chemicals• Not produced by all microorganisms
Batch culture• Starter population is mixed with a specific quantity of nutrient
solution• Allowed to grow for a fixed period• Products removed• Fermentation tank emptied• Examples
• Penicillin production• Enzyme production
Continuous Culture• Nutrients are added and products are removed from the fermentation
tank at regular intervals• Examples
• Insulin production from genetically modified E.Coli• Production of mycoprotein
A batch fermenter
Why use Batch?• Many secondary products are not growth associated• Genetic instability• Operability and reliability• Economic considerations
Exam Practice – Unit 5 questions• 99, 125, 141, 170
Q141 Unit 5 questions
Primary metabolites
Secondary metabolites
A fermenter