Modelling and parameterizing mesoscale eddies: a few remaining challenges
Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in...
Transcript of Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in...
![Page 1: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere:
Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution
COAT – December 2nd, 2019
Sukanta Basu
Associate Professor
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences
Acknowledgement: Ping He
![Page 2: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Optical Turbulence Forecasting
2 Source: Trinquet and Vernin (2009)
![Page 3: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
All Roads Lead to Rome
Cn2 Parameterization
Higher-order Closure Approach Regression (ANN) Approach
DNS/LES Approach Scaling Approach
Estimation
(e.g., Radiosonde)
Forecasting
(Mesoscale Model)
3
![Page 4: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Radiation
Planetary
Boundary
Layer
Land Surface
Microphysics
Convection
Mesoscale Modeling
4
![Page 5: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Modeling Framework
Mesoscale Atmospheric
Modeling
Global Reanalysis
(~30 km Resolution)
Pressure(lat,lon,z,t)
Temperature(lat,lon,z,t)
Moisture(lat,lon,z,t)
Turbulent Diagnostics
Refractive
Index(lat,lon,z,t)
Static Geographic Data
(e.g., Terrain, Landuse)
Geometric Optics-
Based Ray Tracing
Realistic Long-Range
Optical Ray Trajectories
Ray Origin(lat,lon,z,t)
Ray Propagation
Azimuth
Ray Elevation Angle
Parameterized
Cn2 (lat,lon,z,t)
5
![Page 6: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Objective
![Page 7: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Intermittent Optical Turbulence in Free Atmosphere
7
May 26, 2006; Masciadri et al. (2008)
ORM: Roque de los Muchachos on the island of La Palma
OT: El Teide on the island of Tenerife
Both observatories are on the Canary Islands and about 160 km from each other
Time-Height Plot of Cn2 from G-SCIDARs
![Page 8: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Intermittent Optical Turbulence in Free Atmosphere (Cont.)
8 Dome C, Antarctic Cerro Tololo, Chile
![Page 9: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Challenge
![Page 10: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Vertical Grids in Mesoscale Models
10 Source: Alligo et al. (2009)
![Page 11: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Relevant Literature
11
![Page 12: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Effects of Vertical Resolution on Eddy Viscosity
12
Source: Skamarock et al. (2019)
![Page 13: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Methodology
![Page 14: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Higher-order Closure (HOC) Approach
14
![Page 15: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HOC Approach (Cont.)
15
![Page 16: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HOC Approach (Cont.)
16
![Page 17: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Case Study:
Hawaii 2002 Thermosonde Campaign
![Page 18: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hawaii 2002
![Page 19: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Large-Scale Behavior of Ascent Rate
19 Source: McHugh et al. (2008)
![Page 20: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Computational Domain (9/3/1 km)
20
![Page 21: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Vertical Grids in WRF Runs
21
![Page 22: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dec 11-12, 2002
![Page 23: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mean Temperature Profiles
23
![Page 24: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mean Wind Speed Profiles
24
![Page 25: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
𝐶𝑛2 Profiles
25
![Page 26: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Hawaii and Pacific Ocean
26
# vertical grid points: 51
![Page 27: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Hawaii and Pacific Ocean (Cont.)
27
# vertical grid points: 101
![Page 28: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Hawaii and Pacific Ocean (Cont.)
28
# vertical grid points: 286 (uniform grid spacing of 100 m)
![Page 29: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Simulated “Seeing” (Total)
30
Source: McHugh et al. (2008)
![Page 30: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Simulated “Seeing” (Ground Layer)
31
![Page 31: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Simulated “Seeing” (Upper Layer)
32
![Page 32: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dec 12-13, 2002
![Page 33: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Mean Temperature Profiles
34
![Page 34: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Mean Wind Speed Profiles
35
![Page 35: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
𝐶𝑛2 Profiles
36
![Page 36: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Hawaii and Pacific Ocean
37
# vertical grid points: 51
![Page 37: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Hawaii and Pacific Ocean (Cont.)
38
# vertical grid points: 101
![Page 38: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Simulated “Seeing” (Total)
39
Source: McHugh et al. (2008)
![Page 39: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Horizontal Cross-Sections
![Page 40: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Island Wakes
41 Source: NASA
![Page 41: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Flow Structures around Big Island
42
Source: Smith and Grubišic (1993)
![Page 42: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Spatial Distribution of 𝐶𝑛2 (# Vertical Grid Points = 286; 1 km MSL)
43 2 UTC, Dec 12 7 UTC, Dec 12
![Page 43: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Spatial Distribution of 𝐶𝑛2 (# Vertical Grid Points = 286; 10 km MSL)
44 2 UTC, Dec 12 7 UTC, Dec 12
![Page 44: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Case Study:
Paranal 2017
![Page 45: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Observed 𝐶𝑛2 over Paranal
46 Courtesy: James Osborn
![Page 46: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Paranal
47
# vertical grid points: 201
![Page 47: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Simulated 𝐶𝑛2 over Paranal (Cont.)
48
# vertical grid points: 286 (uniform grid spacing of 100 m)
![Page 48: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
To be continued…
![Page 49: Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the ......Mesoscale Modelling of Optical Turbulence in the Atmosphere: Quantifying the Impact of Ultra-High Vertical Resolution ndCOAT](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022042713/5fa6bb7ed7978e3410398fd6/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Richardson (1922)
50
“Perhaps some day in the dim future it will be possible to advance the computations faster than the
weather advances and at a cost less than the saving to mankind due to the information gained. But
that is a dream.”
Richardson’s
forecast factory
Source: Bengtsson