Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 2007 The Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor...

Merry Christmas andMerry Christmas and Happy New Happy New Year 2007Year 2007

The Beery- The Beery- Buktenica Buktenica

Developmental Test Developmental Test of Visual-Motor of Visual-Motor

IntegrationIntegrationPresent byPresent by

Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntanee Asst. Prof. Dr. Nuntanee SatiansukpongSatiansukpong

ObjectivesObjectives

Upon completion of the study, students Upon completion of the study, students should be able toshould be able to

1.1. Describe the VMI and the Describe the VMI and the supplemental tests and their supplemental tests and their purposes purposes

2.2. Describe the psychometric Describe the psychometric properties of the testsproperties of the tests

3.3. Describe how to administer the testDescribe how to administer the test4.4. Describe how to score and interpret Describe how to score and interpret

the test results the test results

ContentsContents

1.1. The Overview of the VMI test and The Overview of the VMI test and its supplemental testsits supplemental tests

2.2. The psychometric properties of the The psychometric properties of the VMI test and its supplemental testsVMI test and its supplemental tests

3.3. Administration, Scoring, and Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation Interpretation

Overview of the VMI test andOverview of the VMI test andits supplemental testsits supplemental tests

The VMI Test and The VMI Test and its two supplemental its two supplemental

standardized standardized tests:tests:

Visual Perception andVisual Perception and

Motor Coordination.Motor Coordination.

The Overview of the VMI test and The Overview of the VMI test and its supplemental testsits supplemental tests

provide the most valid and provide the most valid and economical economical visual-motor screening visual-motor screening battery. battery.

available for preschool to adult available for preschool to adult age.age.

The Overview of the VMI test andThe Overview of the VMI test and its supplemental tests its supplemental tests

a developmental sequence of geometric a developmental sequence of geometric forms to be copied with paper and pencil.forms to be copied with paper and pencil.

The full, 27 items, for age 7+ years - adultThe full, 27 items, for age 7+ years - adult The short, 18 items, for age 3 to 7 years The short, 18 items, for age 3 to 7 years

old.old. can be either group or individually can be either group or individually

administered administered Time use: 10-15 minutesTime use: 10-15 minutes

The Overview of the VMI test and The Overview of the VMI test and its supplemental testsits supplemental tests

The purpose of the VMI and its The purpose of the VMI and its supplemental tests are to supplemental tests are to

1.1. Identify significant difficulties in Identify significant difficulties in visual-motor integration,visual-motor integration,

2.2. Obtain needed servicesObtain needed services3.3. Assess the effectiveness of Assess the effectiveness of

educational and other intervention educational and other intervention programsprograms

4.4. Serve as a research tool. Serve as a research tool.


Cautions:Cautions:

1.1. If a child’s behavior during testing causes If a child’s behavior during testing causes an examiner to suspect an examiner to suspect visual acuityvisual acuity or or other special problemother special problem, he should be , he should be referred to a school nurse, an referred to a school nurse, an opthalmologist or other specialists.opthalmologist or other specialists.

2.2. No single test or score is sufficient for No single test or score is sufficient for making a diagnosis or creating a making a diagnosis or creating a treatment plan. Team evaluation and treatment plan. Team evaluation and planning is always best whenever possible.planning is always best whenever possible.


If a child performs poorly on the VMI, If a child performs poorly on the VMI,

1.1. It could be because he or she has It could be because he or she has adequate visual perceptual and/or adequate visual perceptual and/or motor coordination abilities, motor coordination abilities, but has not but has not yet learned to integrate, or coordinate, yet learned to integrate, or coordinate, these two domains.these two domains.

2.2. Alternatively, it is possible that Alternatively, it is possible that the the child’s visual and/ or motor abilities are child’s visual and/ or motor abilities are deficientdeficient..


If a child performs poorly on the If a child performs poorly on the VMI, VMI,

examiners frequently follow up a examiners frequently follow up a VMI with an assessment of visual VMI with an assessment of visual perceptual and motor abilities.perceptual and motor abilities.


The follow up can be done either with The follow up can be done either with 1.1. Informal clinical evaluation (follow an outline Informal clinical evaluation (follow an outline

on Manual, page 29-30)on Manual, page 29-30)2.2. Formal evaluation (use the supplemental Formal evaluation (use the supplemental

tests).tests).

NoteNote: If all three standardized tests are : If all three standardized tests are administered, they must be administered in administered, they must be administered in the same order in which they were normed in the same order in which they were normed in order to yield valid results. The valid order is order to yield valid results. The valid order is VMI, Visual Perception, Motor CoordinationVMI, Visual Perception, Motor Coordination..


The standardized Visual The standardized Visual Perception TestPerception Test

The child’s task is to identify the The child’s task is to identify the exact match for as many of the 27 exact match for as many of the 27 stimuli as possible in a three-stimuli as possible in a three-minute period.minute period.


The standardized Motor The standardized Motor Coordination TestCoordination Test

The child’s task is to simply trace the The child’s task is to simply trace the stimulus forms with a pencil without stimulus forms with a pencil without going outside double-lined paths.going outside double-lined paths.

The test takes about 5 minutes to The test takes about 5 minutes to administer.administer.

The psychometric properties of The psychometric properties of the VMI test and its the VMI test and its supplemental testssupplemental tests

Item and format selection: Item and format selection: Extensive review of literature and clinical Extensive review of literature and clinical

experienceexperience 72 geometric forms were initially selected for the 72 geometric forms were initially selected for the

studystudy 600 children between the ages of 2 and 15 years 600 children between the ages of 2 and 15 years

copied the 72 forms copied the 72 forms Item analyses were made of the results, new forms Item analyses were made of the results, new forms

were constructed, old forms were modified, and a were constructed, old forms were modified, and a developmental sequence of 30 forms was created.developmental sequence of 30 forms was created.

Set criteria for selection (page 99)Set criteria for selection (page 99) 30 forms were administered to another 600 30 forms were administered to another 600

childrenchildren Following an item analysis of results, 24 forms Following an item analysis of results, 24 forms

were selectedwere selected


Sample selection and DemographicsSample selection and Demographics The VMI was originally normed in 1964 The VMI was originally normed in 1964

on 1,030 Illinois childrenon 1,030 Illinois children It was cross-validated in 1981 with 2,060 It was cross-validated in 1981 with 2,060

Californian children and again in 1989 Californian children and again in 1989 with a national sample of 2,734 children.with a national sample of 2,734 children.

It also has been normed in other countriesIt also has been normed in other countries The VMI and its supplemental Visual and The VMI and its supplemental Visual and

Motor tests were normed in 1996 on Motor tests were normed in 1996 on 2,614 children, 3 to 18 years of age, living 2,614 children, 3 to 18 years of age, living in the United States. in the United States.


Reliability: VMI Visual Motor

Interscorer Reliability .94 .98 95.

- .87 . 84 83. Internal Consistency

Reliability NNN NNN96

Average .92 .91 .89


Validity:Validity:1 .1 . Content Validity Content Validity: Item selection, item : Item selection, item

analysisanalysis2.2. Concurrent Validity Concurrent Validity::

- Drawing subtest- Drawing subtest ofof Wide Range Assessment Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) .52 of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA) .52

- Developmental Test of Visual Perception (D- Developmental Test of Visual Perception (D- TVP 2) copying .75- TVP 2) copying .75

- Comprehensive Test of Basic Skill (CTBS) .- Comprehensive Test of Basic Skill (CTBS) .6363

Administering, Scoring, and Administering, Scoring, and InterpretingInterpreting

Administering VMIAdministering VMI See manual page 26-29 for the VMISee manual page 26-29 for the VMI

Scoring VMIScoring VMI See manual page 34-81See manual page 34-81

Administration and Administration and Scoring Scoring

Administering Visual PerceptionAdministering Visual Perception See manual pageSee manual page 85-8685-86

Scoring Visual PerceptionScoring Visual Perception See manual pageSee manual page 8787


Administering Motor CoordinationAdministering Motor Coordination See manual pageSee manual page 89-9089-90

Scoring Motor Coordination Scoring Motor Coordination See manual pageSee manual page 9090


Interpreting VMI, Visual, and Motor Interpreting VMI, Visual, and Motor Raw scoreRaw score

See manual page 145 for getting Age See manual page 145 for getting Age equivalent from raw score, equivalent from raw score,

Transform raw score to standard Transform raw score to standard score (SS), p.146-175, according to score (SS), p.146-175, according to chronological age (CA)chronological age (CA)

Converse Standard Score (SS) to Converse Standard Score (SS) to percentile rank, see page 176.percentile rank, see page 176.


Standard score Standard score Mean equals 100.Mean equals 100. SD. equals 15.SD. equals 15.


Standard Score InterpretationStandard Score Interpretation

SS Performance % of age SS Performance % of age groupgroup

133-160 very high133-160 very high 2 2

118-132 high118-132 high 1414

83-11783-117 average average 6868

68-8268-82 low low 1414

40-6740-67 very lowvery low 2 2

The EndThe End

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year 2007 The Beery- Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor...

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