Mercury-SA1 - Intel...combination because booting from SD-Card is not supported and the Mercury...
Transcript of Mercury-SA1 - Intel...combination because booting from SD-Card is not supported and the Mercury...
Enclustra GmbH – Technoparkstr. 1 – CH-8005 Zürich – Switzerland
Phone +41 43 343 39 43 – www.enclustra.com
Mercury-SA1
User Manual
Project Info
Project Manager Martin Heimlicher
Author(s) Bruno Pfiffner
Reviewer(s) Christoph Glattfelder
Version 1.06
Date 31.08.2015
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Copyright © 2015 Enclustra GmbH, Switzerland. All rights reserved.
Unauthorized duplication of this document, in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without
the prior written permission of Enclustra GmbH, Switzerland.
Although Enclustra GmbH believes that the information included in this publication is correct as of the
date of publication, Enclustra GmbH reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice.
All information in this document is strictly confidential and may only be published by Enclustra GmbH,
Switzerland.
All referenced registered marks and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Document History
Version Date Author Comment
0.10 12.06.2014 Bruno Pfiffner First draft
1.00 23.10.2014 C. Glattfelder First release
1.01 16.03.2015 C. Glattfelder Added MGT section
1.02 30.03.2015 C. Glattfelder Added ordering codes
1.03 12.06.2015 G. Köppel Fixed Module Configurations
1.04 25.06.2015 G. Köppel Updated Module Images
1.05 07.07.2015 C. Glattfelder Updated flash programming sequence
1.06 31.08.2015 C. Glattfelder Updated Power Outputs
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Table of Contents
1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 6
1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1 Warranty ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.1.2 RoHS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.3 Disposal and WEEE .................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.4 Safety Recommendations and Warnings ......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.5 Electro-Static Discharge .......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.6 EMC ................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2 Features ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 Deliverables .................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.3 Accessories .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.1 Mercury PE1 base board ......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Mercury Starter board ............................................................................................................................................. 8
2 Module Description ......................................................................................... 9
2.1 Block Diagram .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Module Configurations ............................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Part Numbers and Ordering Codes ......................................................................................... 10
2.4 Top and bottom views .............................................................................................................. 12
2.4.1 Top view ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Bottom view .............................................................................................................................................................. 13
2.5 Module footprint ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Mercury Module Connectors ................................................................................................... 14
2.6.1 J700/J701 (Mercury Module Connector A, B) .............................................................................................. 14
2.7 User I/O ....................................................................................................................................... 15
2.7.1 Pinout .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.7.2 IO pin exceptions .................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.7.3 Differential I/O ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.7.4 I/O banks .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.7.5 VCC_IO usage ........................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.7.6 Signal terminations ................................................................................................................................................ 18
2.7.7 HPS I/0 pin’s ............................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.8 Multi Gigabit Transceiver (MGT) ............................................................................................. 19
2.9 Power ........................................................................................................................................... 19
2.9.1 Power generation overview ................................................................................................................................ 19
2.9.2 Power enable / Power good ............................................................................................................................... 19
2.9.3 Supply voltage inputs ........................................................................................................................................... 20
2.9.4 Supply voltage outputs ........................................................................................................................................ 20
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2.9.5 Power consumption ............................................................................................................................................... 21
2.9.6 Heat dissipation ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
2.10 Clock generation ........................................................................................................................ 22
2.11 Reset ............................................................................................................................................ 22
2.12 LEDs .............................................................................................................................................. 22
2.13 DDR3 SDRAM ............................................................................................................................. 23
2.13.1 DDR3 SDRAM Type ................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.13.2 Termination ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
2.13.3 Parameters ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
2.14 QSPI flash .................................................................................................................................... 23
2.14.1 QSPI flash type ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.14.2 Signal description ................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.15 SD-Card ....................................................................................................................................... 24
2.15.1 Signal description ................................................................................................................................................... 24
2.16 Ethernet ....................................................................................................................................... 25
2.16.1 Ethernet PHY type .................................................................................................................................................. 25
2.16.2 Signal description ................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.16.3 External connectivity ............................................................................................................................................. 25
2.16.4 MDIO address .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
2.16.5 PHY configuration .................................................................................................................................................. 25
2.17 USB ............................................................................................................................................... 26
2.17.1 USB PHY type ........................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.17.2 Signal description ................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.18 Real-time clock (RTC) ................................................................................................................ 26
2.18.1 RTC type ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26
2.19 Secure EEPROM .......................................................................................................................... 27
3 Device configuration ..................................................................................... 28
3.1 JTAG ............................................................................................................................................. 28
3.1.1 JTAG on Mercury module connector .............................................................................................................. 28
3.1.2 HPS JTAG connector .............................................................................................................................................. 28
3.2 Boot mode .................................................................................................................................. 29
3.2.1 HPS Configuration pins ........................................................................................................................................ 30
3.3 Passive serial configuration ..................................................................................................... 30
3.4 QSPI bootmode .......................................................................................................................... 30
3.5 SD-Card bootmode ................................................................................................................... 30
3.6 SPI Flash programming via JTAG ............................................................................................ 30
3.7 SPI flash programming from an external SPI master .......................................................... 30
3.8 Enclustra Module Configuration Tool .................................................................................... 31
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4 I2C communication ........................................................................................ 32
4.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 32
4.1.1 Signal description ................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.2 I2C address map ......................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.1 I2C base address ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
4.3 Secure EEPROM .......................................................................................................................... 32
4.3.1 Memory map ............................................................................................................................................................ 33
5 Technical data ................................................................................................ 35
5.1 Absolute maximum ratings ...................................................................................................... 35
5.2 Recommended operating conditions ..................................................................................... 35
5.3 Mechanical data ......................................................................................................................... 36
6 Accessories ..................................................................................................... 37
6.1 Qsys reference design ............................................................................................................... 37
7 Ordering and support ................................................................................... 38
7.1 Ordering ...................................................................................................................................... 38
7.2 Support ........................................................................................................................................ 38
8 Appendix A ..................................................................................................... 39
8.1 Differential pairs net lengths ................................................................................................... 39
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1 Overview
1.1 General
The Mercury SA1 FPGA module combines the Altera Cyclone® V ARM® Processor-based SoC FPGA
device with USB2.0,PCIe® x4 and Gigabit Ethernet interface, High-Speed interface, LVDS I/O and is
available in industrial temperate range, forming a complete and powerful embedded processing
system.
The use of Mercury SA1 FPGA modules, in contrast to building a custom FPGA hardware, significantly
simplifies system design and thus shortens time to market and decreases the development effort of
your product.
Together with the Mercury PE1 base board it enables you to quickly put together a prototyping system
and start developing your system “hands-on”.
1.1.1 Warranty
For information concerning the warranty please read through the “General Business Conditions” on
Enclustra’s website1.
1.1.2 RoHS
The Mercury module are designed and produced according to the Restriction of Hazardous
Substances (RoHS) Directive (2011/65/EC).
1.1.3 Disposal and WEEE
The Mercury modules must be disposed properly at the end of its life span. If a battery is installed onto
the board it must also be disposed correctly.
The Mercury modules are not designed “ready for operation” for the end-user. The Waste Electrical
and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive (2002/96/EC) is not applicable for the Mercury boards.
Nonetheless users should still dispose the product properly at the end of life.
1.1.4 Safety Recommendations and Warnings
Ensure that the power supply is disconnected from the board before inserting or removing a Mercury
module, connecting interfaces, replacing SD-Cards and batteries, connecting jumpers, etc.
Take special care with the mounting orientation of Mercury modules – they can fit in the connectors
both ways round. The base board and the module may be damaged if inserted the wrong way and
powered up.
Touching the capacitors of the DC-DC converters can lead to voltage peaks and permanent damage.
Over-voltage on power or signal lines can cause permanent damage.
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1.1.5 Electro-Static Discharge
Electronic boards are sensitive to Electro-Static Discharge (ESD). Please ensure that the product is
handled with care and only in an ESD protected environment.
1.1.6 EMC
This is a Class A product and is not intended to be used in domestic environments. The product may
cause electromagnetic interference in which appropriate measures must be taken.
1.2 Features
Altera Cyclon V SOC 5CSXFC6C6U23I7N
ARM dual-core Cortex A9
Altera Cyclon V 28nm FPGA fabric
150 user I/Os
16 ARM peripheral I/Os (SPI, SDIO, CAN, I2C, UART)
134 FPGA I/Os (single-ended,differential or analog)
6 x 3.125 Gbps MGTs
Up to 4 GByte DDR3L SDRAM
Up to 128 MByte Quad SPI Flash
PCIe Gen1 x4
Gigabit Ethernet
USB 2.0 host/device
2 x CAN, 2 x UART, SPI, 2 x I2C, SDIO/MMC
5 to 15 V supply voltage
1.2.1 Deliverables
Mercury SA1 FPGA module
Mercury SA1 user manual (this document)
Mercury SA1 QSys Reference Design2
Mercury SA1 module VHDL Top-Level and constraint files
Mercury SA1 FPGA pinout excel sheet3
Mercury Master Pinout7 and Module Pin Connection Guidelines8
Mercury SA1 IO Netlength excel sheet4
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1.3 Accessories
1.3.1 Mercury PE1 base board
Dual 168-pin Hirose FX10 connectors for Enclustra Mercury FPGA modules
Low-jitter clock generator
System monitor
System controller
eMMC Managed NAND flash
PCIe 2.0 x4 interface
USB 3.0 device interface
4 × USB 2.0 host interface
USB 2.0 device (UART, SPI, I2C, JTAG)
mPCIe/mSATA card holder
FMC LPC connector
2 × 40-pin Anios pin header
3 × 12-pin Pmod™ pin header
5 to 15V or USB bus power (with restrictions)
More information about the Mercury PE1 Baseboard is found on our webpage5.
1.3.2 Mercury Starter board
The Mercury Starter board can be used with the Mercury ZX5. But we don’t recommend this
combination because booting from SD-Card is not supported and the Mercury Starter has no USB-
UART for the console of boot loaders and operating systems.
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2 Module Description
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 1: Hardware block diagram
The heart of the Mercury SA1 module is the Altera Cyclone V SoC device. Most of its I/O pins are
connected to the Mercury module connector, making 150 user I/Os available at the Mercury module
connector.
The SoC device can either boot from the onboard QSPI flash or a SD card located on the baseboard.
For development the JTAG interface is connected to Mercury module connector.
The memory subsystem is built from a 64 MB QSPI Flash and up to 1024MB SDRAM in the standard
configuration.
Further, the module is equipped with a gigabit Ethernet and a USB 2.0 PHY, making it ideal for
communication applications.
A real time clock is available on the I2C bus for SOPC applications.
The on board clock generation is done based on a 50 MHz crystal oscillator.
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The module-internal supply voltages (1.1 V, 1.2 V, 1.35V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V) are generated from the
single input supply of 5..15 V DC. Some of these supplies are available on the Mercury module
connector to supply circuits on the base board.
2.2 Module Configurations
Table 1 shows the available standard module configurations. Custom module configurations are
possible. Please contact us for further information.
Product Number SoC FPGA
DDR3L
SDRAM
PCI
Express
Temp.
Range
ME-SA1-C6-8C-D10 5CSXFC6C6U23C8N 1GB 0..+70°C
ME-SA1-C6-7I-D10 5CSXFC6C6U23I7N 1GB -40..+85°C
Table 1: Standard module configurations
2.3 Part Numbers and Ordering Codes
Every module has a label with a marking specifying the part number and the serial number, as shown
in Figure 2:
Figure 2: Module label
Table 2 shows the correspondence between part number and ordering code.
Part number Ordering code
EN100638 ME-SA1-C6-8C-D10-R1
EN100639 ME-SA1-C6-7I-D10-R1
EN100999 ME-SA1-C6-8C-D10-R2
EN101000 ME-SA1-C6-7I-D10-R2
Table 2: Part Numbers and Ordering Codes
EN100000
SN123456
Part Number
Serial Number
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Figure 3 describes the fields of the ordering code.
Figure 3: Ordering Code Fields
FPGA Density
C5: 5CSXFC5C6
ME-SA1 - C5 - 1C - D10 - NDEFKTU
Product Series
ME-SA1: Mercury SA1
FPGA Grade
Speed grade 8, commercial temperature8C:
DDR3 SDRAM Size
D10: 1024MB
- X1 - R2
Custom options
- None
Product RevisionNot Equipped
K:
E:
F:
No battery holder
No Ethernet PHY
No QSPI Flash
D: No DDR3 SDRAM
T: No RTC
U: No USB PHY
C6: 5CSXFC6C6
Speed grade 7, industrial temperature7I:
X1: TBD
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2.4 Top and bottom views
2.4.1 Top view
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2.4.2 Bottom view
2.5 Module footprint
Figure 4 shows the dimensions of the module footprint on the base board. The Mercury SA1 is 56 mm
wide, but there are other 72 mm wide Mercury modules. If both types shall be fixed by screws
additional mounting holes are required.
Maximum component height on the baseboard under the module is dependent on the connector
type. Please refer to the Hirose FX10 Series Product Website6 for detailed connector information.
The two connectors are called A (J700) and B (J701) in this document.
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Figure 4: Module footprint (top view)
2.6 Mercury Module Connectors
2.6.1 J700/J701 (Mercury Module Connector A, B)
Two Hirose FX10 168pin 0.5mm pitch headers with a total of 336 pins have to be integrated on the
base board. Up to four M3 screws may be used to mechanically fasten a Mercury module to the base
board.
The pinout of the module connector is found in the Mercury Master Pinout Excel sheet7.
The connector is available with different packaging options (only tray packaging listed below, see
datasheet for detailed options) and different stacking heights.
Reference Type Description Digikey Part Number
Mercury SA1
Connector
FX10A-168S-SV Hirose FX10, 168-pin, 0.5 mm
pitch
Connector A
J700
Connector B
J701
4x3.2mm
4x2.6mm
1.1mm 1.2mm
1,6mm
2,5mm
PCB
Components
Bottom
Components
Top
Module
Connectors
1,5mm
Warning
The Mercury SX1 SoC module may be placed the wrong way around on the base board.
Always check that the mounting hole positions on the base board and the Mercury SA1
module are aligned!
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Reference Type Description Digikey Part Number
Baseboard
Connector
FX10A-168P-SV(71) Hirose FX10, 168-pin, 0.5 mm
pitch, 4mm stacking height
FX10A-168P-SV(71)-ND
Baseboard
Connector
FX10A-168P-SV1(71) Hirose FX10, 168-pin, 0.5 mm
pitch, 5mm stacking height
FX10A-168P-SV1(71)-ND
Table 3: Mercury Connector Types
Figure 5 shows the pin numbering for the Mercury module connectors on the baseboard on top view.
The pins of the Mercury module connector A are numbered J700-1 to J709-168 while the pins of the
Mercury module connector B are numbered J701-1 to J701-168.
Figure 5: Pin Numbering for the Mercury Module Connector
2.7 User I/O
2.7.1 Pinout
The pinout of the module connector is found in the Mercury Master Pinout7 Excel sheet. Please also
refer to the Enclustra Module Pin Connection Guidelines8 for more information about pins and pin
groups.
The bold text of the I/O signal names (e.g. B21 in IO_B3A_TX_B2_Y5_P) indicates the pin number of the
package.
2.7.2 IO pin exceptions
Table 4 shows IO pins with special functions or restrictions.
IO Mercury module
connector pin
Description
1 167
2 168
Warning
Do not use excessive force to latch a Mercury module into the Mercury connectors on
the base board as this could damage the Mercury module as well as the base board.
Always make sure that the Mercury module is oriented the right way before plugging it
into the base board.
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IO Mercury module
connector pin
Description
IO_B5A_RX_R6_PERST#_W15_N
HPS_GPIO59_MISO
A-36
A-104
47k resistor to HPS_GPIO59_MISO for PCIe
PERST#
Table 4: IO pin exceptions
2.7.3 Differential I/O
Please note that Cyclone V devices can only use IO pins with “RX” in the name as differential inputs
and only pins with “TX” as differential outputs. All pins can be used as single ended in or output.
Please check your pinout with Quartus before producing your own hardware!
2.7.4 I/O banks
The FPGA’s I/O pins are grouped into four I/O banks. All I/O pins within a particular I/O bank must use
the same I/O (VCC_IO) and reference (VREF) voltages. Table 5 shows the main attributes of the FPGA
I/O banks, and which peripherals are connected to each I/O bank.
Bank Connectivity VCC_IO VREF
MGT
Bank L0 Mercury module connector 1.1V -
MGT
Bank L1 Mercury module connector 1.1V -
Bank 3A Mercury module connector User selectable
VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
Bank 3B Mercury module connector User selectable
VCC_IO_B3B_B4A 0.5*VCC_IO_B3B_B4A
Bank 4A Mercury module connector,
LEDs
User selectable
VCC_IO_B3B_B4A 0.5*VCC_IO_B3B_B4A
Bank 5A Mercury module connector User selectable
VCC_IO_B5A_B5B 0.5*VCC_IO_B5A_B5B
Bank 5B Mercury module connector User selectable
VCC_IO_B5A_B5B 0.5*VCC_IO_B5A_B5B
Bank 8A Mercury module connector,
FPGA_CLK, CLOCK_SEL VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
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Bank Connectivity VCC_IO VREF
HPS
Bank 6A DDR3L SDRAM 1.35V 0.68V
HPS
Bank 6B DDR3L SDRAM 1.35V 0.68V
HPS
Bank 7A
Mercury module connector
I2C VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
HPS
Bank 7B Ethernet PHY, SPI flash VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
HPS
Bank 7C Mercury module connector VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
HPS
Bank 7D USB PHY VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A 0V
Table 5: I/O banks
2.7.5 VCC_IO usage
The VCC_IO for the I/O banks located on Mercury module connector are configurable by applying the
required voltage to the VCC_IO_B[x] pins. All VCC_IO_B[x] pins of the same bank must be connected to
the same voltage.
For compatibility with other Enclustra Mercury modules we suggest to use only one IO voltage per
connector.
Please refer also to the Enclustra Module Pin Connection Guidelines8 for general rules.
Signal name FPGA Pins Supported
Voltages
Connector
A Pins
Connector
B Pins
VCC_IO_B3B_B4A
VCCIO_3B,
VCCIO_4A,
VCCPD3B4A
1.2V-3.3V
+/-5% -
64, 67, 88,
95, 140, 143
VCC_IO_B5A_B5B
VCCIO5A,
VCCPD5A,
VCCIO5B,
VCCPD5B,
1.2V-3.3V
+/-5% 38, 41 -
VCC_CFG_HPS_B3
A_B8A
VCCIO8A,
VCCPD8A,
VCCIO7A-D
1.8V,
2.5-3.3V
+/-5%
74, 77 -
Table 6: VCC_IO pins
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2.7.6 Signal terminations
2.7.6.1 Differential inputs
There are no external differential termination resistors on the Mercury SA1 FPGA module for
differential inputs. Differential input pairs on the Mercury module connector may be terminated either
by external termination resistors on the base board (close to the module pins), or by the FPGA-internal
termination resistors.
Please note that Cyclone V devices can only use IO pins with “RX” in the name as differential inputs.
2.7.6.2 Single-ended outputs
There are no series termination resistors on the Mercury SA1 FPGA module for single-ended outputs. If
required, series termination resistors may be equipped on the base board (close to the module pins).
2.7.7 HPS I/0 pin’s
All HPS that are routed to the module connector can be used as GPIO. The suggested functions below
are for reference only. Always verify your HPS pinout with the Altera device handbook.
Table 7 gives an overview over the HPS pin connections on the Mercury SA1.
HPS_GPIO Function Connection
0-13 USB 2.0 USB PHY
14-27 Ethernet Ethernet PHY (RGMII)
29-34 SPI flash SPI flash
36, 38, 39, 45-47
SD-Card, GPIO Module connector
37 Ethernet interrupt (input, active low) Ethernet PHY
40 Boot Mode BOOT_MODE0
41 Ethernet Link status (ETH_LED2#, input, active low)
Ethernet PHY
42 Boot Mode BOOT_MODE1
43 Power good (input, active high) PWR_GOOD
44 Ethernet PHY reset (output, active low) Ethernet PHY
Warning
Only use VCC_IO voltages compliant with the equipped SoC device. Any other voltages
may damage the equipped SoC device as well as other devices on the Mercury SA1 SoC
module.
Do not leave a VCC_IO pin floating. Doing so may damage the equipped Soc device as
well as other devices on the Mercury SA1 SoC module.
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HPS_GPIO Function Connection
48-51 LEDs (parallel to FPGA IOs) Onboard LEDs
54-56 I2C Onboard I2C bus and module connector via level shifter
57-60 SPI, GPIO Module connector
61-62 CAN, GPIO Module connector
63-64 UART1, GPIO Module connector
65-66 UART0, GPIO Module connector
Table 7: HPS pin connections
2.8 Multi Gigabit Transceiver (MGT)
All IO pairs of the six multi gigabit transceivers as well as the two reference clock pairs are routed
directly to the module connector. No AC coupling capacitors are placed on the Mercury SA1.
2.9 Power
2.9.1 Power generation overview
The Mercury SA1 SoC module uses a 5-15V DC power input for generating the on-board supply
voltages (1.1V, 1.2V, 1.35V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V). Some of these voltages (1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V) are also
accessible on the Mercury module connector.
The 1.0V and 3.3V supplies are rated 9A and fed from VCC_MOD. The 1.35V and 1.8V supplies are
rated 1.5A and fed from VCC_3V3. The 1.2V and 2.5V supplies are rated 1A and fed from VCC_3V3.
Please refer also to the Enclustra Module Pin Connection Guidelines8 for general rules about the
power pins.
2.9.2 Power enable / Power good
The Mercury SA1 SoC module provides a power enable input on the Mercury module connector. This
input may be used to shut down the DC/DC converters for 1.0V, 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V and 2.5V. The 3.3V
supply is always active.
The PWR_EN input is pulled to 3.3V on the Mercury SA1 module with a 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor.
The PWR_GOOD signal is pulled to 3.3 V on the Mercury SA1 module with a 4.7kΩ pull-up resistor. The
signal is pulled to GND if any of the on board regulators fail.
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Pin Name Module Connector Pin
Remarks
PWR_EN A-10 Floating/3.3 V: Module power enabled Tied to GND: FPGA power disabled
PWR_GOOD A-12 0V: Module supplies not ok 3.3V: Module supplies ok
Table 8: Module power pins
2.9.3 Supply voltage inputs
Table 9 shows the power supply inputs on the Mercury SA1 module.
Pin Name Module
Connector Pin(s) Voltage
Description
VCC_MOD A-1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
A-2, 4, 6, 8
5-15 V
+/- 5%
Supply for the 1.0V and 3.3V regulators.
All other supplies are generated from the 3.3V
supply.
The input current should be max 3A (0.3A per
connector pin)
VBAT A-168 2.0-3.6 V Battery for the RTC and SoC encryption key.
Table 9: Supply voltage inputs
2.9.4 Supply voltage outputs
Three of the supply voltages generated on the Mercury SA1 are available on the Mercury module
connector.
Pin Name Module Connector
Pin(s) Voltage Maximum Current
1 Comment
VCC_3V3 A: 26, 29, 50, 86
B: 55, 79, 115, 127,
152, 155
3.3V +/- 5% 3.0 A
(and max 0.3A per pin)
Always active
1 The maximum available output current is depending on your design. See sections 2.9.1 and 2.9.5 for
more details.
Warning
Do not connect VCC_3V3 to VCC_IO directly if PWR_EN is used to disable the module.
Then VCC_IO needs to be switched off as well.
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Pin Name Module Connector
Pin(s) Voltage Maximum Current
1 Comment
VCC_2V5 A: 53, 62, 65, 89 2.5V +/- 5% 0.5 A Controlled by
PWR_EN
VCC_1V8 B: 52, 76, 108, 128 1.8V +/- 5% 0.5 A Controlled by
PWR_EN
Table 10: Supply voltage outputs
2.9.5 Power consumption
Please note that the power consumption of SoC/FPGA devices depends strongly on the application. To
estimate the power consumption of your design, please use the Altera PowerPlay Early Power
Estimator or PowerPlay Power Analyzer.
2.9.6 Heat dissipation
High performance FPGAs as the Altera Cyclon V SoC need cooling in most applications. Always make
sure the FPGA is cooled sufficiently.
The suitable heatsink can be found for example at http://www.qats.com. It is preferable the following
series maxiGrip and superGrip. Important for the selection of the heat sink is the height of the
assembled FPGA's.
Further the 4 mounting holes around the FPGA can be used for a custom heat sink. For more
measurments refer to section 2.5.
The UBGA676 package is 23x23 mm wide. Table 11 shows the height of the package. For more details
about the packages refer to the Altera UBGA 672 package datasheet9.
Package Height (min) Height (nom) Height (max)
UBGA676 1.55 mm 1.70 mm 1.85 mm
Table 11: FPGA package height
Warning
Always make sure that the required airflow is available. A heat sink for the Mercury
SA1 module’s SoC device may be required in most cases. Overheating may damage
the Mercury SA1 module.
Warning
Do not connect any power supply to the supply outputs or short circuit them to GND.
Doing so may damage the Mercury SA1 SoC module.
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2.10 Clock generation
A 50 MHz oscillator is heart of the Mercury SA1 clock generation. The 50 MHz clock is fed to the HPS
system and the FPGA logic. A clock divider generates a 25 MHz clock for Ethernet and the 2nd
HPS
clock.
Signal
Name Frequency Destination Remark
CLK_HPS1 50 MHz HPS_CLK1 HPS clock 1
CLK_HPS2 25 MHz HPS_CLK2 HPS clock 2
CLK_ETH 25 MHz Gigabit Ethernet PHY
FPGA_CLK 50 MHz 2.10.1 Pin D12 / CLK7P / Bank
8A
FPGA clock
Table 12: Module clock resources
2.11 Reset
The power-on reset (POR) as well as the HPS soft reset of the SoC device are available on the Mercury
module connector.
Pulling HPS_POR# low resets the SoC device as well as the SPI flash. Further the NCONFIG pin is pulled
low to retrigger the FPGA configuration.
Please refer also to the Enclustra Module Pin Connection Guidelines8 for general rules about the
connection of the reset pins.
Table 13 shows the available reset signals. Both, HPS_POR# and HPS_RST#, have on-board 4.7kΩ pull-
up resistors to VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A.
Signal Name Connector Pin FPGA Pin Type Description
HPS_POR# A-132 PS_POR_B Hard Reset
HPS_RST# A-124 PS_SRST_B Soft Reset
Table 13: Reset resources
2.12 LEDs
The 4 LEDs on the Mercury SA1 are connected to the FPGA logic and the HPS system in parallel. The
LEDs must only be driven from one side at once. Since the LEDs are active low it is recommended to
use the IOs in open drain mode.
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Signal Name HPS_GPIO FPGA Pin Remarks
LED0# 48 AH12 User function / Active low
LED1# 49 AF18 User function / Active low
LED2# 50 AG21 User function / Active low
LED3# 51 AH21 User function / Active low
Table 14: LEDs
2.13 DDR3 SDRAM
The DDR3 SDRAM on the Mercury SA1 is always operated in the 1.35V low power mode. Four 8 bit
memory chips are used to build a 32 bit wide memory.
2.13.1 DDR3 SDRAM Type
For the memory sizes of the Mercury modules please refer to section 2.2.
Module SDRAM Type Density Configuration Manufacturer
ME-SA1-D9 MT41K128M8-125 1 Gbit 128M x 8bit Micron
ME-SA1-D10 MT41K256M8-125 2 Gbit 256M x 8bit Micron
Table 15: DDR3 SDRAM types
2.13.2 Termination
External termination is implemented on the Mercury SA1 with an EV1320QI termination converter.
2.13.3 Parameters
Please refer to the Mercury SA1 reference design2 for the DDR3 settings.
2.14 QSPI flash
The QSPI flash can only be used to boot the HPS system, the FPAG bitstream needs to be loaded via
the HPS (bootloader). The SPI flash can also be used to store ARM application code and other user
data.
Warning
Other DDR3 memory devices might be equipped in future. Please check regularly the
user manual for updates.
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2.14.1 QSPI flash type
Table 16 shows the equipped QSPI Flash device type.
Type Size Manufacturer
S25FL512SAGBHIA13 512 Mbit Spansion
Table 16: QSPI flash type
2.14.2 Signal description
The QSPI flash is connected to the HPS GPIOs 30-34 and to the FPGA SPI configuration port.
Some of the signals are also available on the Mercury module connector to program the SPI flash from
an external source. Please refer to section 3 for more details about programming the flash memory.
2.15 SD-Card
An SD-Card can be connected to the HPS_GPIOs available on the Mercury module connector. This
allows the Mercury SA1 to boot from the SD-Card as well as data access after booting.
Please note that external pull-ups are need for SD-Card operation. And depending on the selected
voltage on VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A a level-shifter to 3.3V might be needed.
2.15.1 Signal description
HPS_GPIO SD-Card signal Connector Pin
36 CMD A-93
38 D0 A-95
39 D1 A-97
45 CLK A-91
46 D2 A-101
47 D3 A-103
Table 17: SD-Card signals
Warning
Be careful when connecting the QSPI flash signals on the baseboard.
Long traces or high capacitances may disturb the data communication between the
Cyclone V and the flash devices.
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2.16 Ethernet
There is one 10/100/1000 Mbit Ethernet PHY on the Mercury SA1 module, connected to the HPS via
RGMII interface.
2.16.1 Ethernet PHY type
Table 18 shows the equipped Ethernet PHY device type.
Type Manufacturer Type
KSZ9031RNXIA Micrel 10/100/1000 Mbit
Table 18: Ethernet PHY type
2.16.2 Signal description
The RGMII interface is connected to HPS pins for use with the hard macro MAC.
Ethernet reset has a pulldown resistor and needs to be driven high to release the PHY from reset.
A detailed list of the HPS connections is found in section 2.7.7.
2.16.3 External connectivity
The Ethernet lines can be connected directly to the magnetics. Please refer to the Enclustra Module Pin
Connection Guidelines8 for more details about the connection of Ethernet signals.
2.16.4 MDIO address
The PHY uses address 3 on the MDIO bus.
2.16.5 PHY configuration
The configuration of the Ethernet PHY is boot-strapped when the PHY is released from reset. Make
sure all IOs on the RGMII interface are initialized and any pull-up or pull-down resistors disabled at
that moment.
The boot-strap options of the Ethernet PHY are set as shown in Table 19.
Please note that the RGMII delays in the Ethernet PHY need to be configured before the Ethernet
interface can be used. This is done in the patch for the bootloader (SPL) provided in the Mercury SA2
reference design2.
Pin Signal
Value Description
MODE[3-0] 1110 RGMII Mode: advertise all capabilities (10/100/1000, half/full
duplex) except 1000Base-T half duplex.
PHYAD[2-0] 011 MDIO address 3
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Pin Signal
Value Description
Clk125_EN 1 125 MHz clock output enabled
LED_MODE 1 Single LED mode
Table 19: PHY configuration
2.17 USB
The Mercury SA1 has an onboard USB 2.0 PHY connected to the Cyclone V SoC device. The USB
interface can be operated either in master or slave mode.
2.17.1 USB PHY type
Table 20 shows the equipped USB PHY device type.
Type Manufacturer Type
USB3320C Microchip USB 2.0 PHY
Table 20: USB PHY type
2.17.2 Signal description
The ULPI interface is connected to HPS pins for use with the integrated USB controller.
USB reset has a pulldown resistor and needs to be driven high to release the PHY from reset.
A detailed list of the HPS connections is found in section 2.7.7.
2.18 Real-time clock (RTC)
A real time clock is connected to the I2C bus. VBAT of the RTC is connected to VCC_BAT on the
Mercury module connector, and can be connected directly to a 3 V battery or tied to GND if not used
(please refer to the RTC datasheet). The RTC also features a battery-buffered 128 bytes user SRAM and
a temperature sensor. See section section 4 for more details about the I2C bus on the Mercury SA1
SoC module.
Please note that the frequency out function of the RTC must be disabled in order to use I2C interrupts.
Otherwise I2C_INT# is periodically pulled down by the RTC. This is done by setting bits 3-0 of the RTC
register 8 to zero.
2.18.1 RTC type
Table 21 shows the equipped RTC device type.
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Type Manufacturer
ISL12020M Intersil
Table 21: RTC type
2.19 Secure EEPROM
The secure EEPROM is used to store the module type and serial number as well as the Ethernet MAC
address and other information. It is connected to the I2C bus. See section 4.3 for more details. The
EEPROM must not be used to store user data.
Table 22 shows the equipped EEPROM device type.
Type Manufacturer
DS28CN01 Maxim
Table 22: EEPROM type
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3 Device configuration
3.1 JTAG
Normally the FPGA and the HPS JTAG interfaces are connected into one single chain available on the
Mercury module connector. If needed for a third party ARM debugger the HPS JTAG interface is also
routed to an optional JTAG connector (J1000) on the Mercury SA1.
3.1.1 JTAG on Mercury module connector
Signal Name Module Connector Pin Resistors
JTAG_TCK A-123 Pulldown 4k7
JTAG_TMS A-119 Pullup 4k7
JTAG_TDI A-117 Pullup 4k7
JTAG_TDO A-121 -
Table 23: JTAG interface
3.1.2 HPS JTAG connector
Figure 6 shows the pinout of the HPS JTAG connector. To enable the HPS JTAG port on J1000
JTAG_PRESENT# (pin 9) must be pulled low.
The connector is a 10 pin SMD header with 1.27mm pitch (e.g. Sullins GRPB052VWQS-RC).
Figure 6: HPS JTAG connector
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3.2 Boot mode
The BOOT_MODE signals determines whether the SoC device boots from the SPI flash or from a SD
card connected to the SD0 port on the MIO bank. Further also JTAG boot mode is available for
development.
Table 24 shows the available boot modes and the according levels for the boot mode signals.
BOOT_MODE1 BOOT_MODE0 HPS boot FPGA boot MSEL[4:0] CSEL[1:0] BSEL[2:0]
0 0 from
FPGA passive serial 10000 00 001
0 1 reserved reserved 10010 00 10V2
1 0 QSPI from HPS 00010 00 11V2
1 1 SDIO from HPS 00010 00 10V2
Table 24: Boot modes
Table 25 shows the connection of the most important configuration pins.
Signal Name FPGA Pin HPS Pin SPI Flash
Pin
Module
Connector
Pin
Resistor on
Board
FLASH_CLK DCLK GPIO34 CLK A-118 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
FLASH_CS# NCSO GPIO33 CS# A-116 Depending on
boot mode
FLASH_DI ASDATA0 GPIO29 SI/IO0 A-114 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
FLASH_DO ASDATA1 GPIO30 SO/IO1 A-122 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
FLASH_D2 ASDATA2 GPIO31 IO2 - -
FLASH_D3 ASDATA3 GPIO32 IO3 - -
HPS_RST# - HPS_RST# - A-124 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
HPS_POR# FPGA_CONFIG# HPS_POR# RESET# A-132 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
FPGA_CONFDONE CONFDONE - - A-130 Pull-Up, 1kΩ
BOOT_MODE0 - GPIO40 - A-126 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
BOOT_MODE1 - GPIO42 - A-112 Pull-Up, 4.7kΩ
Table 25: FPGA configuration pins
2 BSEL[0] is depending on the VCC_CFG_HPS_B3A_B8A voltage: it is set to 0 for 1.8V and 1 for 2.5-3.3V
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3.2.1 HPS Configuration pins
The BSEL and CSEL pins determine which memory interface has the boot loader and how to clock the
interface. For booting the HPS, the BSEL and CSEL pins details are covered in Altera’s Cyclone V
Booting and Configuration Introduction10
.
3.3 Passive serial configuration
In passive serial configuration mode the FPGA bitstream is programmed form an external source into
the SPI port of the FPGA. The HPS is configured afterwards with the HPS2FPGA Bridge. For more
information please refer to the Cyclone V datasheet12
.
3.4 QSPI bootmode
In the QSPI bootmode the HPS boots from the SPI flash and configures the FPGA logics from the HPS.
The HPS configuration and the FPGA bitstream need to be stored in a preloader image. For more
information please refer to the Cyclone V datasheet12
.
3.5 SD-Card bootmode
In the SD-Card bootmode the HPS boots from the SD-Card locard on the baseboard and configures
the FPGA logics from the HPS. The HPS configuration and the FPGA bitstream need to be stored in a
preloader image. For more information please refer to the Cyclone V datasheet12
.
3.6 SPI Flash programming via JTAG
The Altera Quartus software offers flash programming support via JTAG. For more information please
refer to the Quartus user manual.
3.7 SPI flash programming from an external SPI
master
The signals of the SPI Flash are directly connected to the module connector. Because the Flash signals
are also connected to the SOC device, the SOC device pins must be tri-stated while accessing the SPI
slash directly from an external device. This is ensured by pulling the HPS_RST# signal to GND followed
Warning
All configuration signals except BOOT_MODE must be high impedance as soon as the
device is released from reset! Violating this rule may damage the equipped FPGA
device as well as other devices on the Mercury SA1 FPGA module.
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by a pulse on HPS_POR#, which puts the SoC into reset state and tri-states all I/O pins. HPS_RST# must
be low when HPS_POR# is released and kept low until the flash programming has finished. After
programming the SPI flash all SPI lines and HPS_RST# must be tristated and another reset impulse
applied to HPS_POR#.
3.8 Enclustra Module Configuration Tool
In connection with an Enclustra baseboard the SPI flash can also be programmed with our free Module
Configuration Tool (Enclustra MCT)11
.
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4 I2C communication
4.1 Overview
The I2C bus on the Mercury SA1 SoC module connects the FPGA, EEPROM and the RTC and is also
available on the module connector. This allows external devices to read the module type and to
connect more devices to the I2C bus.
Please note that the RTC must be configured correctly to use I2C interrupts. For more details refer to
section 2.18.
4.1.1 Signal description
Table 26 shows the signals of the I2C interface. All signals must only be connected to open collector
outputs and have on board pull up resistors to VCC_3V3. Do not drive the I2C signals high from any
source. I2C_INT# is an input on the FPGA and must not be driven from the FPGA.
There are level shifter between the I2C bus and the HPS pins.
Signal name SoC Pin Connector Pin Pull up Resistor
I2C_SDA HPS_GPIO55 A-113 2.2k
I2C_SCL HPS_GPIO56 A-111 2.2k
I2C_INT# HPS_GPIO54 A-115 4.7k
Table 26: I2C signal description
4.2 I2C address map
4.2.1 I2C base address
Address (7-bit) Description 0x5C / 0x64 Secure EEPROM (depending on assembly option)
0x57 RTC User SRAM
0x6F RTC Registers
Table 27: I2C addresses
4.3 Secure EEPROM
The secure EEPROM is used to store the module serial number and configuration.
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In future, it will also be used for copy protection and licensing features. Please contact us for further
information. Do not write any data to the secure EEPROM!
4.3.1 Memory map
Address Length (bits) Description 0x00 32 Module serial number
0x04 32 Module product number
0x08 32 Module configuration
0x0C 32 Reserved
0x10 48 Ethernet MAC address
0x16 48 Reserved
0x1C 32 Checksum
Table 28: EEPROM Sector 0 memory map
4.3.1.1 Module serial number
The module serial number is a unique 32 bit number that identifies the module. It is stored using big-
endian byte order (MSB on the lowest address).
4.3.1.2 Module product number
Module Product-
Family
Subtype Revision Product-
Number
Mercury SA1 0x0326 0x00 0x01 0x0326 0001
Table 29: Product number
4.3.1.3 Module configuration
Address Bits Comment Min. Value Max. Value Resolution 0x08 7-4 FPGA Type 0 2 See FPGA type
table
3-0 FPGA Speed Grade 6 8
0x09 7 Temperature Range 0 (Consumer) 1 (Industrial)
6 Power 0 (normal) 2 (low power)
5-4 No. of Ethernet Ports 0 2
3 Gigabit Ethernet 0 (Fast only) 1
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Address Bits Comment Min. Value Max. Value Resolution 2 RTC equipped 0 1
1 Current monitor
equipped
- -
0 Reserved - -
0x0A 7-2 Reserved - -
1-0 USB Device Ports 0 3
0x0B 7-4 DDR3 RAM Size 0 MB 2 GB 8 MBytes
3-0 SPI Flash Memory
Size
0 MB 64 MB 1 MByte
0x0C 7-4 Reserved - -
3-0 Reserved - -
Table 30: Module configuration
The memory sizes are defined as Resolution*2(Value-1)
(e.g. DRAM=0: not Equipped, DRAM=1: 8MB,
DRAM=2: 16MB, DRAM=3: 32MB, etc).
Table 31 shows the available SoC types.
Value SoC device type
0 5CSEBA2U23
1 5CSCFC4U23
2 5CSXFC6U23
Table 31: SoC device types
4.3.1.4 Ethernet MAC address
The Ethernet MAC address is stored using big-endian byte order (MSB on the lowest address).
Each module has assigned two sequential MAC addresses. Only the lower one is stored in the
EEPROM.
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5 Technical data
5.1 Absolute maximum ratings
Table 32 below is for reference only. For more details, please refer to the Cyclone V Device Datasheet12
.
Symbol Description Rating Unit
VCC_MOD Supply voltage relative to GND -0.5 to 16 V
VCC_3V3 3.3 V supply voltage relative to GND -0.5 to 3.6 V
VCC_BAT Voltage for the RTC and encryption key 2.0 to 3.6 V
VCC_IO[x] Output drivers supply voltage relative to GND -0.5 to 3.6 V
V_IO I/O input voltage relative to GND -0.5 to VCC_IO+0.5 V
Temperature Temperature range for commercial modules (C)
Temperature range for industrial modules (I)
0 to +70
-40 to +85 °C
Table 32: Absolute maximum ratings
5.2 Recommended operating conditions
Table 33 is for reference only. For more details, please refer to the Cyclone V Device Datasheet12
.
Symbol Description Rating Unit
VCC_MOD Supply voltage relative to GND 4.75 to 15.75 V
VCC_3V3 3.3 V supply voltage relative to GND 3.15 to 3.45 V
VCC_BAT Voltage for the RTC and encryption key 2.0 to 3.45 V
VCC_IO[x] Output drivers supply voltage relative to GND
For the allowed voltage ranges for each IO bank please
refer to section 2.7.5.
1.14 to 3.45
V
V_IO I/O input voltage relative to GND -0.2 to VCC_IO+0.2 V
Temp. Temperature range for commercial modules (C)
Temperature range for industrial modules (I)
0 to +70
-40 to +85 °C
Table 33: Recommended operating conditions
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5.3 Mechanical data
Symbol Value
Size 55 x 54 mm
Component height top 2.5 mm
Component height bottom 1.5 mm
Weight 20 g
Table 34: Mechanical data
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6 Accessories
6.1 Qsys reference design
The Qsys reference design features an example configuration for the Cyclon V SoC device as well as an
example top level file for the user logic as source and binary.
The Quartus II reference design can be downloaded from our server.
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7 Ordering and support
7.1 Ordering
Please use Enclustra's online request/order form for ordering or requesting information:
http://www.enclustra.com/en/orderenquire/
7.2 Support
Please follow the instructions on Enclustra's online support site:
http://www.enclustra.com/en/support/
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8 Appendix A
8.1 Differential pairs net lengths
If using differential pairs, a differential impedance of 100 Ohm should be met on the FPGA board.
Make sure that the two nets of a differential pair have the same length.
An Excel table that lists the length of the differential pairs on the Mercury SA1 FPGA module is
available on our download page4. This allows the user to match the total length of the differential
pairs on the FPGA board if required for the application.
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Figures
Figure 1: Hardware block diagram .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2: Module label .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3: Ordering Code Fields .............................................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 4: Module footprint (top view) ................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 5: Pin Numbering for the Mercury Module Connector.................................................................................. 15
Figure 6: HPS JTAG connector ............................................................................................................................................... 28
Tables
Table 1: Standard module configurations ......................................................................................................................... 10
Table 2: Part Numbers and Ordering Codes .................................................................................................................... 10
Table 3: Mercury Connector Types ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Table 4: IO pin exceptions ....................................................................................................................................................... 16
Table 5: I/O banks ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Table 6: VCC_IO pins .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
Table 7: HPS pin connections ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Table 8: Module power pins ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Table 9: Supply voltage inputs .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Table 10: Supply voltage outputs ......................................................................................................................................... 21
Table 11: FPGA package height............................................................................................................................................. 21
Table 12: Module clock resources ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Table 13: Reset resources ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Table 14: LEDs .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Table 15: DDR3 SDRAM types ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Table 16: QSPI flash type ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Table 17: SD-Card signals ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
Table 18: Ethernet PHY type ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Table 19: PHY configuration ................................................................................................................................................... 26
Table 20: USB PHY type ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
Table 21: RTC type ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Table 22: EEPROM type ............................................................................................................................................................ 27
Table 23: JTAG interface ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
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Table 24: Boot modes ............................................................................................................................................................... 29
Table 25: FPGA configuration pins ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Table 26: I2C signal description ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Table 27: I2C addresses ............................................................................................................................................................ 32
Table 28: EEPROM Sector 0 memory map ........................................................................................................................ 33
Table 29: Product number ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Table 30: Module configuration ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Table 31: SoC device types ...................................................................................................................................................... 34
Table 32: Absolute maximum ratings ................................................................................................................................. 35
Table 33: Recommended operating conditions.............................................................................................................. 35
Table 34: Mechanical data ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
References
1 Enclustra General Business Conditions
http://www.enclustra.com/en/products/gbc/
2 Mercury SA1 Qsys Reference Design
http://download.enclustra.com/#Mercury_SA1
3 Mercury SA1 FPGA pinout excel sheet
http://download.enclustra.com/#Mercury_SA1
4 Mercury ZX5 IO Netlength Excel sheet
http://download.enclustra.com/#Mercury_SA1
5 Enclustra Mercury PE1 base board
http://www.enclustra.com/en/products/base-boards/mercury-pe1/
6 Hirose FX10 Series Product Website
http://www.hirose-connectors.com/
7 Enclustra Mercury Master Pinout, Enclustra GmbH
http://download.enclustra.com/public_files/Design_Guidelines/Mercury_Master_Pinout.xlsm
8 Enclustra Module Pin Connection Guidelines, Enclustra GmbH
http://download.enclustra.com/public_files/Design_Guidelines/Module_Pin_Connection_Guidelines.pdf
9 Altera UBGA 672 package datasheet
http://wl.altera.com/devicepackaging/04R00437-02.pdf
10 Booting and Configuration Introduction
http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyclone-v/cv_5400A.pdf
11 Enlustra Module Configuration Tool
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http://download.enclustra.com/
12 Cyclone V Device Datasheet
http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyclone-v/cv_51002.pdf