Mercury is the Innermost and Smallest Planet in the Solar System

8/2/2019 Mercury is the Innermost and Smallest Planet in the Solar System

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Mercury is the innermost and smallest planet in the Solar System,[a]

orbiting the Sun once every 87.969 Earth days. The orbit of Mercury

has the highest eccentricity of all the Solar System planets, and it has

the smallest axial tilt. It completes three rotations about its axis for

every two orbits. The perihelion of Mercury's orbit precesses aroundthe Sun at an excess of 43 arcseconds per century, a phenomenon that

was explained in the 20th century by Albert Einstein's General Theory

of Relativity
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Venus is classified as a terrestrial planet and it is sometimes called

Earth's "sister planet" due to the similar size, gravity, and bulk

composition. Venus is covered with an opaque layer of highly reflective

clouds ofsulfuric acid, preventing its surface from being seen from

space in visible light. Venus has the densest atmosphere of all the

terrestrial planets in the Solar System, consisting mostly ofcarbon

dioxide. The atmospheric pressure at the planet's surface is 92 times

that of the Earth
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Earth formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the

solar nebula, and life appeared on its surface within one billion years.[21]

The planet is home to millions ofspecies, including humans.[22]

Earth'sbiosphere has significantly altered the atmosphere and otherabiotic

conditions on the planet, enabling the proliferation ofaerobic organisms

as well as the formation of the ozone layerwhich, together with Earth's

magnetic field, blocks harmful solar radiation, permitting life on land.[23]
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The physical properties of the Earth, as well as its geological history

and orbit, have allowed life to persist during this period. The planet is

expected to continue supporting life for another 500 million to 2.3 billion

years.

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Named after the

Roman god of war, Mars, it is often described as the "Red Planet" as the ironoxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance.[13]Mars is a

terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent

both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and

polar ice caps ofEarth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are
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likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is

the site ofOlympus Mons, the highest known mountain within the Solar System,

and ofValles Marineris, the largest canyon. The smooth Borealis basin in the

northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impactfeature

Jupiteris the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest planet within the

Solar System.[13]It is a gas giant with mass one-thousandth that of the

Sun but is two and a half times the mass of all the other planets in our

Solar System combined. Jupiter is classified as a gas giant along with
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Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Together, these four planets are

sometimes referred to as the Jovian or outer planets.
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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in

the Solar System, afterJupiter. Named after the Roman god Saturn, its

astronomical symbol () represents the god's sickle. Saturn is a gas

giant with an average radius about nine times that ofEarth.[12][13]Whileonly 1/8 the average density of Earth, with its larger volume Saturn is

just over 95 times more massive than Earth.
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Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It has the third-largest

planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System.

It is named after the ancient Greek deity of the sky Uranus (Ancient

Greek:), the father ofCronus (Saturn) and grandfather of

Zeus (Jupiter). Though it is visible to the naked eye like the five

classical planets, it was never recognized as a planet by ancient

observers because of its dimness and slow orbit.[16]SirWilliam

Herschel announced its discovery on March 13, 1781, expanding the

known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in modernhistory. Uranus was also the first planet discovered with a telescope.
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Neptune was the first planet found by mathematical prediction rather

than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of

Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to

gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was

subsequently observed on September 23, 1846[1]by Johann Galle

within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier, and its

largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of

the planet's remaining 12 moons were located telescopically until the

20th century. Neptune has been visited by only one spacecraft,Voyager 2, which flew by the planet on August 25, 1989.
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The Sun is the starat the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectlyspherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields.[10][11]It has

a diameter of about 1,392,000 km, about 109 times that ofEarth, and its mass

(about 21030 kilograms, 330,000 times that of Earth) accounts for about

99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.[12]Chemically, about three

quarters of the Sun's mass consists ofhydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium.

The remainder (1.69%, which nonetheless equals 5,628 times the mass of

Earth) consists of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron,

among others
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The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth,[nb 4][7]and the fifth

largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite of a

planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary, having a

quarter the diameter of Earth and 181 its mass.[nb 5]The Moon is the

second densest satellite afterIo, a satellite of Jupiter. It is insynchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face; the

near side is marked with dark volcanic maria among the bright ancient

crustal highlands and prominent impact craters.
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Meteors become visible between about 40 and 100 miles

(65 and 120 kilometers) above the Earth. They disintegrate at

altitudes of 30 to 60 miles (50 to 95 kilometers). Meteors have

roughly a fifty percent chance of a daylight (or near daylight)

collision with the Earth. Most meteors are, however, observed at

night, when darkness allows fainter objects to be recognized.


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Asteroids (from Greek'star' and'like, in form') are a class ofsmall

Solar System bodies in orbit around the Sun. They have also been called

planetoids, especially the larger ones. These terms have historically been

applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disk of

a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet,

but as small objects in the outer Solar System were discovered, their volatile-

based surfaces were found to more closely resemble comets, and so were often

distinguished from traditional asteroids.[1] Thus the term asteroid has come

increasingly to refer specifically to the small rocky and metallic bodies of the

inner Solar System out to the orbit ofJupiter. They are grouped with the outer

bodiescentaurs, Neptune trojans, and trans-Neptunian objectsas minor

planets, which is the term preferred in astronomical circles.
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A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when close enough to

the Sun, displays a visible coma (a thin, fuzzy, temporary atmosphere)

and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are both due to the

effects of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the

comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred meters to tens of

kilometers across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust,

and small rocky particles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_bodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_%28cometary%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_tailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/2007_R5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P/2007_R5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_nucleushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_tailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_%28cometary%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body


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Submitted by:

Janele P. Broncano

V-A

Submitted to:

MR. NOEL P. DE GUZMAN

Mercury is the Innermost and Smallest Planet in the Solar System

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Transcript of Mercury is the Innermost and Smallest Planet in the Solar System