Mercury and fluorescent lighting 1.pdf · 8/10/2015 1 Steve Whittaker, Ph.D. Public Health...
Transcript of Mercury and fluorescent lighting 1.pdf · 8/10/2015 1 Steve Whittaker, Ph.D. Public Health...
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1 8/10/2015
Steve Whittaker, Ph.D.
Public Health Researcher
Mercury and fluorescent lighting
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Outline
• How does fluorescent lighting work?
• Why mercury?
• The problem with landfilling
• The mercury cycle
• Mercury health effects
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Inside a Fluorescent Lamp
Source: Elektronika Dasar
http://elektronika-dasar.web.id/teori-elektronika/karakteristik-dan-prinsip-kerja-lampu-tl-fluorescent-lamp/
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Why recycle fluorescent bulbs and tubes?
Source: Marion County, OR
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22 mg 14 mg
Why recycle fluorescent bulbs and tubes?
• Average mercury content:
• Tubes MSW typically break before disposal
• 20-80% of mercury volatilized in landfill
• Mercury levels exceed OSHA limit of 0.1 mg/m3 shortly after breakage
• Organic mercury in landfill gas
New Jersey Mercury Task Force report: www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/mercury_task_force.htm
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•Persistent
•Bioaccumulative
• Toxic
Source: Mercury rising, Salon.com
Mercury
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Estimated Mercury in Products Disposed of Annually in Washington State
Mercury Products
Estimated pounds of mercury disposed with solid or medical
waste or sewage annually
Fluorescent lamps 437 - 505
Thermostats 412
Dental amalgam from dental facilities >404
Auto convenience light switches 253
Button cell batteries 88
Dental amalgam in feces and urine 61
Household fever thermometers 11 - 300
TOTAL 1,666 – 2,023
Source: Ecology Mercury Chemical Action Plan, January 2003
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Export of atmospheric mercury from Asia
Daniel Jaffe et al. Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 3029–3038
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Mercury - Inorganic & Organic
Hg
CH3
Inorganic - Quicksilver
Hg
Organic – Methyl Mercury
Adapted from: A Small Dose of Mercury, Steve Gilbert, INND, Seattle WA.
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Elemental mercury
• Silver-colored liquid
• Used for centuries for gold mining, thermometers, dental amalgam , etc., etc.
• Evaporates at room temperature
• Very toxic by inhalation
• Multiple health effects - neurotoxicity, renal toxicity, hypertension, lung toxicity, etc.
• Death in children from respiratory failure
• Can be transformed to organomercury compounds
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Source: Utah Department of Environmental Quality, www.deq.utah.gov/Pollutants/M/mercury/facts/atmospherictransport.htm
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Discharge in Minamata Bay
Adapted from: A Small Dose of Mercury, Steve Gilbert, INND, Seattle WA.
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Fetal Effects of MeHg
Adapted from: A Small Dose of Mercury, Steve Gilbert, INND, Seattle WA.
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Planting Seed with Mercury - Iraq
Adapted from: A Small Dose of Mercury, Steve Gilbert, INND, Seattle WA.
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Store-Bought / Commercial Fish :
• Don't eat Shark, Swordfish, King Mackerel, Tilefish, or Tuna Steaks
Sport-Caught / Recreational Fish :
Women who are or might become pregnant, nursing mothers, and young children:
• Don't eat Northern Pikeminnow • Limit eating Largemouth and Smallmouth Bass
Statewide Mercury Advisories for Fish
Source: www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Food/Fish/MercuryAdvisories
Mercury advisories by waterbody: • Columbia River (Middle) • Columbia River (Upper) / Lake Roosevelt • Lake Whatcom • Pend Oreille River • Puget Sound
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Methylmercury Health Effects
• Long-term exposure affects the nervous system: – Disturbances in vision, hearing and speech – Tingling and numbness in fingers and toes – Lack of coordination – Muscle weakness
• Children and unborn babies: – Methylmercury consumed by the mother can enter her
fetus and passed on in breast milk to nursing infants. – Altered memory, attention and language development
in children with exposures in the womb and/or soon after birth.
– Subtle nervous system effects in children of mothers eating fish and shellfish containing methylmercury while pregnant and/or shortly after giving birth
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Mercury distribution
and exposure is a global
problem
Adapted from: A Small Dose of Mercury, Steve Gilbert, INND, Seattle WA.
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19 8/10/2015
Acknowledgments
• Steve Gilbert, INND, Toxipedia
• Will Perry, LHWMP