Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Cor van der MeerMercator–Education/Fryske Akademy

Lesser used languages in Estonia and in EuropeRoosta, 30 september 2005

Mercator – Education and the situation of Friesland

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

• Mercator-Education- Typology - Regional Dossiers - Digital Library- Network of Schools

• The situation in Friesland

Overview

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator Mercator • Mercator-Legislation

(Barcelona/CIEMEN)• Mercator-Media (Aberysthwyth/University

of Wales)• Mercator-Education (Ljouwert/Fryske

Akademy)

• European Buro for Lesser Used Languages (EBLUL)

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator - EducationMercator - Education

Databases

Network of schools

Digital library project

Q & A service

Regional dossiers

Research

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Cornish

Galician

Luxemburgish

Catalan (I)

Saterfrisian

200 2.000 20.000 280.000 2 M 7 M

Differences in size

Catalan

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

The European Union Regional or minority languages

- Language policy:

The European Commission's Action PlanAction Plan for Language

Learning and Linguistic Diversity

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

EU-based typologyUnique minority languages

a) Welsh, Frisian, Galicianb) Catalan (E, I, F), Basque (E, F)

Minority languages with a ‘kin-state’a) German (B, Dk, F, I), French (I), Slovene (Au, I)b) Ukranian (Sl, Pol)

Special cases a) Luxemburgish, (Maltese)b) Romani, Yiddish

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Variables for strength• Family• Community• Cultural reproduction• Prestige• Legitimation• Institutionalisation• Education

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Regional Dossiers

More than 30 casesAvailable at the

website of ME

www.mercator-education.org

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Structured contents• 1 Introduction• 2 Pre-school education• 3 Primary education• 4 Secondary education• 5 Vocational education• 6 Higher education• 7 Adult education• 8 Educational research• 9 Prospects• 10 Summary of statistics• Education System in ….• References and further reading• Useful addresses

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Educational provisions strong medium weak

Basque (E)CatalanGalicianIrish (Irl)Luxembourgish SwedishWelsh 

AsturianCorsicanFrisian GaelicGerman (B)German (F)German (I)Irish (N.Irl)LadinMeankieliSlovenian (A)Slovenian (I)SorbianTurkish

Cornish CroatianKashubianBasque (F) Breton North Frisian OccitanSamiScots

7 14 9

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

(near) complete

large part (>50%)

small part (<50%)

optional/extra-

curricularBasque (E)CatalanFrisianGalicianGerman (B)Irish (Irl)Luxembourg-ish SwedishWelsh 

CorsicanCroatianGaelicGerman (F)German (I)Slovene (I) 

Asturian Basque (F) Breton Irish (N.Irl)KashubianLadinMeankieliNorthFrisian OccitanSorbianSamiSlovene (A)Turkish

Cornish Scots

9 6 13 2

Language as a subject

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Medium of instruction≥ half

subjectssome

subjectsno medium of instruct

not applicable

Basque (E)Basque (F)BretonCatalanGalicianGaelicGerman (B)German (F)German (I)Irish (Irl)Irish (N.Irl)Slovene (A)Slovene (I)SwedishTurkishWelsh 

Asturian CroatianFrisianLadinNorthFrisian Luxembourgish Sami

Corsican KashubianMeankieliOccitanSorbian

Cornish Scots

16 7 5 2

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Digital Library project- “Digibyb” a pilotproject- Funded by the KNAW - Focus on Frisian language - Emphasis on publications - Finished May 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

The European MInority Language Library

(EMILL)- Regional services in European

minority language communities - A central service/portal- Focus on unique RML’s

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Network of schools

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Network of Schools

• > 30 Members• Newsletter • Website• Teaching materials

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Fryslân

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Actual Frisian area

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Well-known outside Fryslân

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

4444

2727

9922

1010

6611

Frisians abroad %

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Language transmission emigrants: 4 generations

18

1

75 72

0

25

50

75

100

father/mother self children grandchildren

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

TERP

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Language situation

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

taalkaart870870

26.30026.300

634.000634.00011.50011.500

3.2003.200

342.000342.000

1.5001.500

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

55

34

110

10

2030

40

50

60

frisian dutch other

Home language %Home language %

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Frisian proficiency %Frisian proficiency %

94

74

63

17

0 20 40 60 80 100

understand speak read write

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Covenant Frisian language

and culture

Province State

Government

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

- Pre-school- Primary- Secondary- Higher education

Education

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

MediaMedia

< 5% Frisian

> 80% Frisian

www.omropfryslan.nl = all in Frisian

Daily newspapers

Radio&TV

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

OrganisationalinfrastructureMany organisations:

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

Languagedatabank

Dictionaries

Corpus Spoken Frisian

‘Spell-checker’

LinguisticInfrastructure

Mercator – Education, Roosta 2005

cvdmeer@fa.knaw.nl