GGOOVVEERRNNMMEENNTT OOFF NNAATTIIOONNAALL CCAAPPIITTAALL TTEERRRRIITTOORRYY OOFF DDEELLHHII

MMEENNTTAALLLLYY AANNDD PPHHYYSSIICCAALLLLYY CCHHAALLLLEENNGGEEDD

PPEERRSSOONNSS IINN DDEELLHHII

(Based on N.S.S 58th Round State Sample)

DDIIRREECCTTOORRAATTEE OOFF EECCOONNOOMMIICCSS && SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCSS RROOOOMM NNOO.. 114488,, OOLLDD SSEECCRREETTAARRIIAATT

DDEELLHHII -- 111100005544

PPRREEFFAACCEE

TThhee PPrreesseenntt RReeppoorrtt oonn ““MMeennttaallllyy AAnndd PPhhyyssiiccaallllyy CChhaalllleennggeedd PPeerrssoonnss IInn DDeellhhii”” iiss

bbrroouugghhtt oouutt bbyy tthhiiss ddiirreeccttoorraattee oonn tthhee bbaassiiss ooff ssaammppllee ssuurrvveeyy ccoonndduucctteedd uunnddeerr tthhee 5588sstt NNSSSS

((JJuullyy 22000022 ttoo DDeecc..22000022)) rroouunndd..

TThhiiss rreeppoorrtt ccoonnttaaiinnss vvaalluuaabbllee ddaattaa oonn bbootthh mmeennttaallllyy aanndd pphhyyssiiccaallllyy ddiissaabblleedd ppeerrssoonnss iinn

DDeellhhii wwiitthh ssppeecciiaall rreeffeerreennccee ttoo tthheeiirr nnuummbbeerr,, eedduuccaattiioonnaall aattttaaiinnmmeenntt,, uussuuaall aaccttiivviittyy ssttaattuuss,,

ccaauussee aanndd ddeeggrreeee ooff ddiissaabbiilliittyy,, mmaarriittaall ssttaattuuss,, ssoocciiaall ggrroouupp,, oonnsseett ooff ddiissaabbiilliittyy,, lliivviinngg

aarrrraannggeemmeenntt,, aassssiissttaannccee rreecceeiivveedd aanndd ootthheerr iimmppoorrttaanntt ffeeaattuurreess lliikkee pprreevvaalleennccee aanndd iinncciiddeennccee

rraatteess.. DDeettaaiilleedd iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn bbyy ttyyppee ooff ddiissaabbiilliittyy vviizz.. MMeennttaall,, vviissuuaall,, CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn,, aanndd

llooccoommoottoorr iiss aallssoo iinncclluuddeedd ffoorr tthhee bbeenneeffiitt ooff uusseerrss.. TThhee rreeppoorrtt wwiillll bbee uusseeffuull iinn tthhee pprroocceessss ooff

ppllaannnniinngg aanndd ddeevviissiinngg ooff wweellffaarree sscchheemmeess// pprrooggrraammmmeess ffoorr tthheemm.. IItt wwiillll aallssoo sseerrvvee aass aann

iimmppoorrttaanntt ssoouurrccee ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ttoo rreesseeaarrcchheerr//NNGGOO’’ss ddooiinngg yyeeoommaann sseerrvviiccee iinn tthhiiss ffiieelldd..

TThhiiss rreeppoorrtt wwaass pprreeppaarreedd bbyy tthhee DDaattaa PPrroocceessssiinngg && AAnnaallyyssiiss UUnniitt ooff tthhiiss DDiirreeccttoorraattee

uunnddeerr tthhee aabbllee gguuiiddaannccee ooff SShh.. NN..TT..KKrriisshhnnaa,, AAssssiissttaanntt DDiirreeccttoorr.. TThhee eexxttrraaoorrddiinnaarryy eeffffoorrttss

ppuutt iinn bbyy SShh.. HHaarrmmeeeett SSiinngghh MMaaddddhh,, SSttaattiissttiiccaall IInnvveessttiiggaattoorr,, iinn tthhee ddaattaa aannaallyyssiiss aanndd

rreeppoorrtt mmaakkiinngg ssttaaggeess ddeesseerrvveess ssppeecciiaall mmeennttiioonn.. TThhee rroollee ppllaayyeedd bbyy ssoocciioo--eeccoonnoommiicc uunniitt iinn

ccoolllleeccttiioonn ooff ddaattaa ffrroomm tthhee ffiieelldd aaggaaiinnsstt aallll ooddddss iiss aapppprreecciiaatteedd.. TThhee ddaattaa pprroocceessssiinngg wwaass ddoonnee

bbyy tthhee EEDDPP uunniitt uunnddeerr tthhee cclloossee gguuiiddaannccee ooff SShh.. KK..SS.. BBaannssaall,, PPrrooggrraammmmeerr..

TThhee tteecchhnniiccaall aassssiissttaannccee pprroovviiddeedd bbyy NNaattiioonnaall SSaammppllee SSuurrvveeyy OOrrggaanniissaattiioonn,,

GGoovveerrnnmmeenntt ooff IInnddiiaa aanndd tthhee ccooooppeerraattiioonn eexxtteennddeedd bbyy tthhee hhoouusseehhoollddss iiss aacckknnoowwlleeddggeedd..

DDeellhhii DDrr.. BB..KK.. SShhaarrmmaa DDaattee:: DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000044 DDiirreeccttoorr

TTEEAAMM

SSHH.. NN..TT.. KKRRIISSHHNNAA :: AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT DDIIRREECCTTOORR

SSHH.. KK..SS.. BBAANNSSAALL :: PPRROOGGRRAAMMMMEERR

SSMMTT.. PPUUSSHHPPAA RRAANNII :: RREESSEEAARRCCHH OOFFFFIICCEERR

SSMMTT.. TTRRIIVVEENNII SSHHAARRMMAA :: RREESSEEAARRCCHH OOFFFFIICCEERR

SSHH.. BBAANNWWAARRII LLAALL :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT

SSMMTT.. KKAAMMLLEESSHH KKUUMMAARRII :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT

SSHH.. RRAAJJKKUUMMAARR :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT

SSHH.. YY..CC.. KKHHAARREE :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT

SSHH.. MM..WW.. DDEESSHHKKAARR :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT

SSHH.. RRAAKKEESSHH KKOOHHLLII :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL IINNVVEESSTTIIGGAATTOORR

SSHH.. HHAARRMMEEEETT SSIINNGGHH MMAADDDDHH :: SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL IINNVVEESSTTIIGGAATTOORR

FFIIEELLDD OOFFFFIICCEERRSS

SSHH.. GG..SS.. RRAAWWAATT :: AASSSSIISSTTAANNTT DDIIRREECCTTOORR

SSHH.. JJ..PP.. BBAAGGEESSHHWWAARR :: RREESSEEAARRCCHH OOFFFFIICCEERR

SSHH.. KKAANNHHIIYYAA LLAALL :: RREESSEEAARRCCHH OOFFFFIICCEERR

SSUUPPPPOORRTTIINNGG SSTTAAFFFF

SSHH.. SSAANNTTUU SSIINNGGHH :: PPEEOONN

SSHH.. SSUURRIINNDDEERR SSIINNGGHH :: CCLLAASSSS IIVV

SSHH.. BBHHAARRAATT SSAAHH :: CCLLAASSSS IIVV

TABLE OF CONTENTS PPAAGGEE NNOO..

EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY ii --iiii

SSEECCTTIIOONN OONNEE IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN 11 -- 33

SSEECCTTIIOONN TTWWOO SSAAMMPPLLEE DDEESSIIGGNN && EESSTTIIMMAATTIIOONN PPRROOCCEEDDUURREE 44 -- 1111

SSEECCTTIIOONN TTHHRREEEE CCOONNCCEEPPTTUUAALL FFRRAAMMEEWWOORRKK 1122 -- 1155

SSEECCTTIIOONN FFOOUURR SSUUMMMMAARRYY FFIINNDDIINNGGSS 1166 -- 6655

SSEECCTTIIOONN FFIIVVEE SSTTAATTIISSTTIICCAALL TTAABBLLEESS 6666--119999

i

RREEPPOORRTT OONN MMEENNTTAALLLLYY AANNDD PPHHYYSSIICCAALLLLYY CCHHAALLLLEENNGGEEDD

PPEERRSSOONNSS IINN DDEELLHHII

EEXXEECCUUTTIIVVEE SSUUMMMMAARRYY

The following are the main highlights of the survey conducted during

NSS 58th round between July 2002 and December 2002.

The survey estimated the total number of disabled persons in Delhi as 102427 on 1st

October 2002, which constitutes about 0.71% of projected population on that day. Out

of this 4966 were in rural areas and 97461in urban areas.

Sex-wise breakup revealed that out of the total, 65351 (63.80%) were male and 37076

(36.20%) female.

Out of the total 12970 (12.66%) were of Mental category,7308 (7.13%) visual, 5328

(5.20%) communication, 70028 (68.37%) locomotor and 6797 (6.64%) were in the

category of multiple disability.

The survey revealed that Delhi had a disability prevalence rate of 707 persons as

against 1755 persons at all India level. In rural Delhi this rate was 502 and in urban the

rate was recorded as 722.

13.35% of the total disabled were in the age-group of 15-19 years, 13.16% in 60 and

above group and 11.16% in 20-24 years age-group. The age-group of 0-4 years

accounted for only 2.89% in the total. While more than half of the disabled persons in

Delhi were estimated to be in the age bracket of 0-29 years itself.

ii

Of the total disabled persons in Delhi, Scheduled Tribes (ST) constituted 3.47%,

Scheduled Castes (SC) 25.58% , Other Backward Classes (OBC) 11.91% and the others

accounted for 59.04%

Out of the total disabled persons in Delhi (5 years and above) 63.08% were literates and

36.92 % were illiterate.

9.84% were educated upto the 10+2 and above, 7.63% upto secondary level, 13.21%

cleared middle and 32.40% attained upto primary level of education.

Extent of disability : 58.62% of the disabled persons can take care of themselves

without any aid/appliance, 18.05% with aid /appliance and 19.08% cannot take care of

themselves on their own.

In 85.14% cases parents of disabled persons were not blood related.

Marital status : 39.05% were currently married, 7.07% widowed and less than 1% were

divorced/separated and more than half of the disabled persons were in the never

married category in Delhi

28.6% were in labour force and the remaining 71.40% were out of labour force in

Delhi.

Living arrangement : 44.73% were living with parents, 35.27% with spouse and other

members, 11.11% with children and the remaining 8.89% were either living alone or

with other relatives and non-relatives.

88.52% have not received any assistance, 9.78% required assistance from government

agencies and only 1.70% from non-government only.

SECTION ONE

INTRODUCTION

he stigma attached to physical disability is no longer an issue of debate due

to the best efforts on the part of government and non-government agencies

thereby resulting in the effective integration of disabled persons into the

social milieu. Disabled persons are now increasingly being considered as persons with

‘different abilities’ following their achievements in the field of art, culture, sports,

work place etc. Further the advancement in the field of science and technology

coupled with globalisation has enabled to produce/supply sophisticated aids and

equipment and make these disabled persons functionally more efficient and help

overcome all mental and physical barriers over a period of time. However, in case of

mentally disabled persons the same can not be said with equal emphasis as a lot more

efforts are still needed, primarily in the form of ‘change of mind set’ on the part of the

people in the society to accept such persons so as to enable such category of persons

and their families to heave a sigh of relief and mitigate the hurdles in their day to day

life. This is feasible with sustained and coordinated efforts of both government and

NGO’s by making disabled persons friendly policies and programmes from time to

time. In this context the role of statistical indicators on certain vital parameters like

their number, educational – economic status, social group, extent of utilization of

assistance from government aided schemes. etc. perhaps need not be overemphasized

in the fine tunning or recasting of such programmes in future.

HISTORY OF SURVEYS

The first comprehensive survey of disabled persons was conducted under

N.S.S 36th round during the second half of 1981 coinciding with the International

Year of the Disabled Persons. Prior to this belated attempt were made during 15th

(July 1959 to June 1960) 16th (July 1960-June 1961) 24th (July 1969- June1970) and

in the 28th (October 1973-June1974) rounds of NSS, .to collect information on the

number of physically handicapped persons. The 15th round enquiry was exploratory in

the nature and was confined to rural areas only. However, in the 16th round the

geographical coverage was extended to urban areas also. The objectives of these early

T

2

enquiries was only to provide estimates of the number of persons who suffered from

certain specified physical handicaps. However, the types of physical handicap covered

in all those rounds were not always same.

After a gap of ten years, the second detailed survey on the disabled was

carried out in the 47th round during July –December 1991 and DES Delhi also

participated and released the results formally. The basic framework of these surveys

viz. the concepts, definitions and operational procedures was kept the same. While the

earliest surveys were restricted to only the physically handicapped persons, in the

surveys conducted during NSS 36th and 47th rounds, an extended definition was used

to cover all the physical disabilities – visual, communication (i.e. hearing and/or

speech) and locomotor. The particulars of disability of the disabled persons, such as,

the type of disability, degree of disability, cause, age at onset of disability, type of

aid/appliance used etc. were collected along with some socio-economic

characteristics. Again after the gap of eleven years , the third survey on the disabled

was carried out in the 58th round during July-December 2002. In this round, the

coverage was extended to include mental disability also, keeping all other concepts,

definitions and procedures for physical disability same as those of the 47th round.

OBJECTIVES, SCOPE & COVERAGE

The main objective of this survey was to provide a firm data to ascertain the

incidence and prevalence of disability and their socio-economic status. The coverage

included both mental and physical disabilities. In respect of physical disabilities

visual, communication (hearing and/or speech) and locomotor were covered. On the

other hand mental disability covered mental retardation and mental illness. The other

aspects on which Information was collected under the survey includes the cause of

disabilities, degree of disability, educational attainment, economic status ,

aid/assistance taken from government agencies and a host of other related issues.

PLANNING OF FIELDWORK

During the 56th NSS round data was collected by the non-medical

investigators who were basically of economics and statistics disciplines of the

3

Directorate through door-to-door approach. The data was collected in the schedule

form through interview technique (oral enquiry). To elicit co-operation from

informants wide publicity was given about the purpose of survey.

SCHEME OF THE REPORT

The report has been organized in five chapters. Chapter one gives the coverage

and history of surveys. Chapter two contains the survey sample design and estimation

procedure. The concepts and definitions adopted in the survey are outlined in Chapter

three. The main findings of the survey are summarized in Chapter four. The detailed

statistical tables are appended at the end in Chapter five. The report also contains

charts to provide visual perception of key results.

4

CHAPTER TWO

SAMPLE DESIGN

ESTIMATION PROCEDURE The fifty-eight round was of six months duration from 1st July 2002 to 31st Dec.2002. This six months period was divided into two Sub-Round of three months duration as given below: -

Sub-Round Period

1 July – September 2002

2 October – December 2002

Schedules of Inquiry The broad subjects and schedules of inquiry for the 58th Round are as follows.

SL. No. Schedule Description

1 0.0 Listing of Houses

2 3.1 Village Facilities

3 0.21 Particulars of Slum

4 26 Survey of Disabled Person

5 1.2 Housing Condition

6 1.0 Household Consumer Expenditure

Sample Design Outline of sample design: A stratified multi-stage sample design was adopted in this

round. The first-stage units were census villages in the rural sector and the NSSO Urban

Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units were households

in both the sectors.

5

Sampling Frame for first-Stage Units: For the rural sector, the list of Census 1991

villages constituted the sampling frame. For the urban sector, the lists of latest available

Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks were considered as the sampling frame.

Rural: Two special strata were formed as given below at the State/UT level on the basis

of Population Census 1991 Viz.

Stratum 1: all FSUs with population between 0 to 50, and

Stratum 2: FSUs with population more than 15,000

The special stratum 1 was formed if at least 50 such FSUs were found in a State/UT.

Similarly, special stratum 2 was formed if at least 4 such FSUs were found in a State/UT.

Otherwise, such FSUs were merged with the general strata.

From the remaining FSUs (not covered under stratum 1 & 2) general strata Was formed

numbered 3, 4, 5 … etc. (even if no special state have been formed). Each district of a

State/UT was normally treated as a separate stratum. However, if the provisional

population of the district was greater than or equal to 2.5 million as per Census 2001, that

the district was divided into two or more strata with more or less equal population as per

population Census 1991 by grouping contiguous tehsils.

Urban Sector: In the urban sector, stratum was formed within each NSS region on the

basis of size class of towns as per Census 1991 town population. The stratum number and

their composition are given below:

STRATUM NUMBER COMPOSITION OF STRATA

1 all towns with population (P) < 0.1 million

2 All towns with 0.1≤ P < 0.5 Million

3 all towns with 0.5≤ P < 1 Million

4,5,6,… each town with P ≥ 1 million

6

Sub-stratification: There was no sub-stratification in the rural sector. However, to cover

more number of households living in slums, in urban sector each stratum was divided into-

2 sub-strata as follows:

sub-stratum 1: All UFS block having area type ‘slum area’

sub-stratum 2: Remaining UFS blocks

If case of UFS blocks with no ‘slum area’ within a stratum, sub-stratum 1 was not formed

and it was merged with sub-stratum 2.

Allocation of samples between Rural and Urban sectors: samples was allocated between

two sector in proportion to provisional population as per Census 2001 with double

weightage to urban sector.

Allocation of Rural/Urban sector level sample size to strata / sub-strata: Both rural and

urban sector sample allotted to a State/UT were allocated to different strata in proportion to

population of the stratum. All the stratum-level allocation were adjusted to multiple of 2.

Stratum-level sample size in the urban sector was further allocated to 2 sub-strata in

proportion to the number of UFS blocks in them with double weightage to sub-stratum 1

subject to a minimum sample size of 2 or 4 to sub-stratum 1 according at stratum-level

allocation is 4 greater than 4. Sub-stratum level allocation in the urban sector were made

even.

Selection of FSUs: FSUs were selected in the form of two independent sub-samples in

both the sectors. For special stratum 2 and all the general strata of rural sector, FSUs were

selected by probability proportional to size with replacement (PPSWR) where size was the

1991 census population. For urban sector and special stratum 1 of rural sector, FSUs were

selected by simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR)

Formation of hamlet-group/sub-block: Large villages/ blocks having approximate

present population 1200 or more were divided into a suitable number of hamlet-group/sub-

blocks as given below:

7

Approximate present population

(Value of ‘P’)

No. of hamlet-groups/sub blocks formed

(Value of ‘D’)

Less than 1200 1

1200 to 1799 3

1800 to 2399 4

2400 to 2999 5

3000 to 3599 6

…. And so on

Hamlet-group/sub-blocks were formed by more or less equalizing population. For large

urban blocks, the sub-block (sb) having slum dwellers, if any, was selected which

probability 1 and was termed as segment 1. However, if there were more than one sb

having slum dwellers, the sb having maximum number of slum dwellers was selected as

segment 1. After selection of sb for segment 1, one more sb was selected by simple

random sampling (SRS) from the remaining sb’s of the block and was termed as segment

2. For large blocks (having no slum areas) two sub-blocks were selected by sample

random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) and were combined to form segment 2.

For urban blocks without sub-blocks formation, segment number was 1 or 2 depending on

whether the block was having a slum or not. For large villages two hamlet-groups were

selected by SRSWOR and were combined to from segment 2. For villages without hamlet-

group formation, segment number was also 2. The segments were considered separately

for listing and selection of the ultimate-stage units.

Formation of Second Stage Strata (SSS) and selection of household: In each selected

village/block/segment, three second stage strata (SSS) were formed on the basis of

disability type. The number of households selected is given below:

8

Type of Second Stage Strata Without segment formation

with segment formation (for each segment)

SSS 1: households having at least one Persons with mental disability

4

2

SSS 2: households having at least one Person with speech/hearing/Visual disability out of remaining households

4

2

SSS 3: households having at least one Person with locomotor disability out of remaining households

4

2

The sample households were selected by SRSWOR from each SSS. For a household having a person with more than one disability (i.e. multiple

disability), SSS was assigned by priority criterion e.g. a household having a person

with mental disability as well as locomotor disability was classified under SSS 1 and a

household having one person with speech disability and another person with locomotor

disability was classified under SSS 2. Estimation procedure Notation: s = subscript for s-th stratum t = subscript for t-th sub –stratum of an urban stratum (t = 1, 2) m = subscript for sub-sample (m =1, 2) i = subscript for I-th FSU [ village (panchyat ward) / block] u = subscript for a segment (u = 1,2) j = subscript for j-th second stage stratum of an FSU k = subscript for k-th sample household under a particular second stratum within an FSU D

= total number of hg’s / sb’s formed in the sample village (panchyat ward) / block D* = 1 if D = 1 = D / 2 for rural FSUs with D > 1 = (D-1) for urban FSU with D > 1 and with segment 1 = D / 2 for urban FSUs with D > 1 and without segment N = total umber of FSUs in an urban stratum / sub-stratum or rural stratum 1

9

Z = total size of general stratum or special stratum 2 of rural sector (= sum of size for all

the FSUs of a stratum) z = size of sample village used for selection. n = number of sample village / block surveyed including zero cases but excluding casualty

for a particular sub-sample and stratum / sub-stratum. H = total of sample of households listed in a second-stage stratum of a segment of a sample

FSU h = number of households surveyed in a second-stage stratum of a segment of a sample

FSU y = observed value of characteristics y under estimation Y = estimate of population total Y for the characteristics y Under the above symbols, ysmiujk = observed of the characteristic y for the k-th household in the j-th second stage stratum of the u-th segment (u = 1, 2) of the I-th FSU belonging to the m-th sub-sample for the s-th rural stratum, ysmiujk = observed value of the characteristic y for the k-th household in the j-th second stage stratum of the u-th segment (u = 1, 2) of the FSU belonging to the m-th sub-sample for the t-th sub-stratum of s-th urban stratum However, for ease of understanding, a few symbols have been suppressed in following paragraphs where they are obvious. Formulae for estimation of aggregates for a particular sub-sample and stratum / sub-stratum in Rural / Urban sector:

Rural:

(a) Estimation formula for stratum 1: (i) For households selected in j-th second stage stratum:

∑ ∑= = ⎥

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡×=

j jin

i

h

kjki

ji

jii

jj yh

HnNY D

1 12

2

2*2

ˆ, (j = 1,2 or 3)

10

(ii) For all selected households:

∑=

=3

1

ˆˆj

jYY

(b) Estimation formulae for general strata:

(i) For households selected in j-th second stage stratum:

∑ ∑= = ⎥

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡×=

j jin

i

h

kjki

ji

jii

ijj yh

Hzn

NY D1 1

22

2*21ˆ

(ii) For all selected households:

∑=

=3

1

ˆˆj

jYY

Urban:

(a) Estimation formula for a sub-stratum of urban stratum: (i) For households selected in j-th second stage stratum:

∑ ∑∑= == ⎥

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎢⎣

⎡×+=

j jijin

i

h

kjki

ji

jii

h

kjki

ji

ji

jj yh

Hy

hH

nNY D

1 12

2

2*

11

1

121

ˆ, (j = 1,2 or 3)

11

(ii) For all selected households:

∑=

=3

1

ˆˆj

jYY

(b) For the s-th stratum:

∑=

=2

1

ˆˆt

sts YY

OVERALL ESTIMATE FOR AGGREGATES:

Overall estimate for aggregate for a stratum ( sŶ )/ sub-stratum ( stŶ ) based on two sub-samples is obtained as:

(i) ∑=

=2

1

ˆ21ˆ

msms YY for rural stratum,

(ii) ∑=

=2

1

ˆ21ˆ

mstmst YY for urban sub-stratum and

(iii) ∑=

=2

1

ˆˆt

sts YY for urban stratum OVERALL ESTIMATE OF AGGREGATES AT STATE/UT LEVEL:

The overall estimate Ŷ at the state/UT level is obtained by summing the stratum

estimates sŶ over all strata belonging to the state/UT.

12

SECTION THREE

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Disability: A person with restriction or lack of abilities to perform an activity in the

manner or within the range considered normal for a human being is treated as having

disability, It excludes illness/injury of recent origin (morbidity) resulting into temporary

loss of ability to see, hear, speak or move.

Mental Disability: Persons who have difficulty in understanding routine instructions,

who do not carry out their activities like others of similar age or exhibit behaviours like

talking of self, laughing/crying, staring, violence, fear and suspicion without reason

would be considered as mentally disabled for the purpose of the survey. The “activities

like others of similar age” will include activities of communication (speech), self-care

(cleaning of teeth, wearing clothes, taking bath, taking food, personal hygiene, etc.),

home living (doing some household chores) and social skills.

Visual Disability: By visual disability, it meant, loss or lack of ability to execute

tasks requiring adequate visual acuity. For the survey, visually disabled will include (a)

those who do not have any light perception – both eyes taken together and (b) those who

have light perception but cannot correctly count fingers of hand (with spectacles/contact

lenses if he/ she uses spectacles/contact lenses) from a distance of 3 metres (Or ten feet)

in good day light with both eyes open. Night blindness is not to be considered as visual

disability.

Hearing Disability: This refers to persons’ inability to hear properly. Hearing disability

is to be judged taking into consideration the disability of the better ear. In other words, if

one ear of person is normal and the other ear has total hearing loss, then the person is to

be judged as normal in hearing for the purpose of the survey. Hearing disability will be

judged without taking into consideration the use of hearing aids (i.e. the position for the

person when hearing aid is not used). Persons with hearing disability may have different

degrees of disability, such as profound, severe or moderate. A person will be treated as

13

having ‘profound’ hearing disability if he/she cannot hear at all or can only hear loud

sounds, such as, thunder or understands only gestures. A person will be treated as having

‘severe’ hearing disability if he/she can hear only shouted words or can hear only id the

speaker is sitting in the front. A person will be treated as having ‘moderate’ hearing

disability if his/her disability is neither profound nor severe. Such a person will usually

ask to repeat the words spoken by the speaker or will like to see the face of the speaker

while he/she speaks or will feel difficulty in conducting conversation.

Speech Disability: This refers to persons’ inability to speak properly. Speech of a

person is judged to be disordered if the person’s speech is not understood by the listeners.

Persons with speech disability will include those who cannot speak, speak only with

limited words or those with loss of voice. It also includes those whose speech is not

understood due to defects in speech, such as stammering, nasal voice, oarse voice and

discordant voice and articulation defects, etc.

Locomotor Disability: A person with – (a) loss or lack of normal ability to

execute distinctive activities associated with the movement of himself/herself and objects

from place to place and (b) physical deformities other than those involving the hand of

leg or both, regardless of whether the same caused loss or lack of normal movement of

body – will be considered as disabled with locomotor disability. Thus, persons having

locomotor disability will include those with (a) loss or absence of inactivity of whole or

part of hand or leg or both due to amputation, paralysis, deformity or dysfunction of

joints which affects his / her “normal ability to move self or objects” and (b) those with

physical deformities in the body (other than limbs), such as, hunch back, deformed spine,

etc. Dwarfs and persons with stiff neck of permanent nature who generally do not have in

the normal movement of body and limbs will also be treated as disabled.

Single Disability: A person having disability, may have one or more than one type of the

five different disabilities under the survey. Persons having only one type of disability will

be considered as having single disability.

14

Multiple Disability: A person having more than one type of disability is considered as

having ‘multiple’ disability. Further, persons having two of more of the locomotor

disabilities, namely paralysis, deformity of limb, loss of limb, dysfunction of joints of

limbs and others were also considered as having ‘multiple’ disability.

Usual activity status: The usual activity status relates to the activity status of a person

during the reference period of 365 days preceding the date of survey. The activity status

on Which a person spent relatively longer time (i.e. major time criterion) during the 365

days preceding the date of survey is considered as the principal usual activity status of

the persons. To decide the principal usual activity of a persons he/she was first

categorized as belonging to the Labour force or not during the reference period on the

basic major time criterion. Persons thus adjudged as not belonging to the labour force

were assigned the broad activity status ‘neither working nor available for work’. For

persons belonging to the labour force, the broad activity status of either ‘working’ or ‘not

working but seeking and/or available for work’ was ascertained based on the same

criterion viz. relatively longer time spent in accordance with either of the two broad

statuses within the labour force during the 365 days preceding the date of survey. Within

the broad activity status so determined, the detailed activity status of a person pursuing

more than one such activities. In terms of activity codes (stated earlier in pare 1.3.1),

code 11-51 were applicable for persons classified as workers, while code 81 was assigned

to people either seeking or available for work (unemployed persons) and codes 91-97 for

those who were out of labour force.

Self Employed: Persons who are engaged in their own farm or non-farm enterprises are

defined as self-employed. There are different types of self-employed persons. Some may

operate their enterprises without hiring any labour. Other normally work on their own but

occasionally hire a few labourers. There is also a third category who by and large

regularly run their enterprises by hiring labour. The first two groups of self-employed are

known as 'own-account workers' and the third as 'employers'.

15

Worker: A worker is defined as one who participates either full time or part time in the

activity of the enterprises. The worker may serve the enterprise in any capacity - primary

or supervisory. He/she may or may not receive wages/ salaries in return to his/her work

incidental to or connected with the entrepreneurial activity.

16

SECTION FOUR

SUMMARY FINDINGS

This section is devoted for the analysis of main results of the survey of Disabled persons in

Delhi in terms of their number, cause of disability, educational attainments, living arrangement,

degree of disability and other related features,. The summary of findings are presented in the first

instance under the sub head results at a glance and there after analysis was done by type of disability.

The findings are based on the data collected from 820 sample persons .Out of them 57 persons were

from rural areas and 763 from urban .The complete details of sample persons by disability type is

provided in section five of the report. Comparison with central sample data was also made to ascertain

the degree of variation between the two sets of data.

4.1 RESULTS AT A GLANCE

Estimated Number of Disabled Persons

The survey estimated the total number of disabled persons in Delhi as 102427 on 1st

October 2002, which constitutes about 0.71% of projected population on that day. Out of this 4966

were in rural areas and 97461in urban areas. Sex-wise breakup revealed that out of the total, 65351

(63.80%) were male and 37076 (36.20%) female.

17

Statement 4.1.1: Estimated Disabled Persons in Delhi by Type of Disability

RURAL URBAN COMBINED S.No. Type of Disability

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Percentage to Total

A Mental i) Retardation 660 121 781 4461 3335 7796 5121 3456 8577 8.37ii) Illness 51 0 51 3102 1240 4342 3153 1240 4393 4.29

Total 711 121 832 7563 4575 12138 8274 4696 12970 12.66B Visual

i) Blindness 0 55 55 4958 1606 6564 4958 1661 6619 6.46ii) Low Vision 0 0 0 457 232 689 457 232 689 0.67

Total 0 55 55 5415 1838 7253 5415 1893 7308 7.13C Communication

i) Hearing 0 341 341 1265 1033 2298 1265 1374 2639 2.58ii) Speech 76 0 76 1640 971 2611 1716 971 2687 2.62

Total 76 341 417 2905 2004 4909 2981 2345 5326 5.20D Locomotor 2478 1069 3547 42002 24477 66479 44480 25546 70026 68.37E Multiple 115 0 115 4086 2596 6682 4201 2596 6797 6.64

Total 3380 1586 4966 61971 35490 97461 65351 37076 102427 100.00

Percentage to Total 3.30 1.55 4.85 60.50 34.65 95.15 63.80 36.20 100.00

Distribution of disabled persons by type of disability indicated that 12970 (12.66%) were

of Mental category,7308 (7.13%) visual, 5328 (5.20%) communication, 70028 (68.37%)

locomotor and 6797 (6.64%) were in the category of multiple disability.

Chart 1 Distribution of Disabled Persons in Delhi by Type of Disability

Locomotor68.37%

Blindness6.46% Low Vision

0.67%

Hearing2.58%

Speech2.62%

Mental Illness4.29%Mental Retardation

8.37%Multiple6.64%

18

Chart 2 Sectorwise/Sexwise Break up of Disabled Person in Delhi

Urban95.15%

Rural4.85% Female

36.20%

Male63.80%

Age group –wise distribution :

Age-group wise distribution of disabled persons is presented in statement 2. It was estimated that

13.35% of the total disabled were in the age-group of 15-19 years, 13.16% in 60 and above group

and 11.16% in 20-24 years age-group. The age-group of 0-4 years accounted for only 2.89% in

the total. It can be further observed from the statement that more than half of the disabled persons

in Delhi were estimated to be in the age bracket of 0-29 years itself.

19

Statement 4.1.2: Age-group-wise distribution of disabled persons in Delhi.

RURAL URBAN DELHI

Age group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Percen-tage to Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0-4 0 0 0 1744 1221 2965 1744 1221 2965 2.895-9 660 185 845 3881 2033 5914 4541 2218 6759 6.6010-14 501 66 567 6495 4116 10611 6996 4182 11178 10.9115 - 19 532 245 777 7984 4908 12892 8516 5153 13669 13.3520 - 24 265 316 581 5869 4976 10845 6134 5292 11426 11.1625 - 29 556 66 622 6137 1190 7327 6693 1256 7949 7.7630 - 34 216 70 286 4658 3538 8196 4874 3608 8482 8.2835 - 39 191 66 257 3980 2652 6632 4171 2718 6889 6.7340 - 44 51 121 172 5419 1884 7303 5470 2005 7475 7.3045 - 49 281 55 336 3889 941 4830 4170 996 5166 5.0450 - 54 0 166 166 2772 1611 4383 2772 1777 4549 4.4454 - 59 0 0 0 1526 910 2436 1526 910 2436 2.38>59 127 230 357 7617 5510 13127 7744 5740 13484 13.16Total 3380 1586 4966 61971 35490 97461 65351 37076 102427 100.00

Chart 3 :Age-group wise Distribution of Disabled Persons in Delhi

2965

6759

1117

8

1366

9

1142

6

7949 84

82

6889 74

75

5166

4549

2436

1348

4

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0-4

5 -9

10

- 14

15-1

9

20-2

4

25-2

9

30-3

4

35-3

9

40-4

4

45-4

9

50-5

4

55-5

9

Abo

ve 5

9

Age-Group (in Years)

Num

ber o

f Dis

able

d Pe

rson

s

20

Social group-wise distribution :

Social-group wise break-up of disabled persons is presented in statement 3. The survey estimated

that persons belonging to Scheduled Tribes (ST) constituted 3.47%, Scheduled Castes (SC)

25.58% , Other Backward Classes (OBC) 11.91% and the others accounted for 59.04% of the total

disabled persons in Delhi.

Statement 4.1.3:.Number of disabled persons by social group

Household Social Group S.No. Item ST SC OBC Others Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A RURAL

1 Male 0 627 415 2338 33802 Female 0 685 439 462 15863 Total 0 1312 854 2800 4966

B URBAN 1 Male 1799 16821 5793 37558 619712 Female 1754 8073 5551 20112 354903 Total 3553 24894 11344 57670 97461

C DELHI 1 Male 1799 17448 6208 39896 653512 Female 1754 8758 5990 20574 370763 Total 3553 26206 12198 60470 102427

D Percentage to Total 3.47 25.58 11.91 59.04 100.00

Chart 4: Distribution of Disabled Population by Social Group

OBC11.91%

OTHERS59.04%

ST3.47%

SC25.58%

21

Educational Attainment :

Out of the total disabled persons in Delhi (5 years and above) 63.08% were literates and

36.92 % were illiterate. Coming to the quality of literacy expressed in terms of level of General

educational attainment it was observed that 9.84% were educated upto the 10+2 and above, 7.63%

upto secondary level, 13.21% cleared middle and 32.40% attained upto primary level of education.

The position in rural areas is not that encouraging as 50.32% were found to be illiterate.

Statement 4.1.4: Number of disabled persons by General Education Attained

(5 Years and Above)

General Education Literate

S.No. Item Not Literate Upto

primary Middle Secondar

y

Higher Secondar

y & Above

Sub-Total

Total

Percentage of

Literates to Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A RURAL

1 Male 1270 1006 203 340 561 2110 3380 62.43

2 Female 1229 66 206 0 85 357 1586 22.51

3 Total 2499 1072 409 340 646 2467 4966 49.68

4 Percentage to Total 50.32 21.58 8.23 6.86 13.01 49.68 100.00

B URBAN

1 Male 18623 20705 9648 5144 6107 41604 60227 69.08

2 Female 15595 10454 3081 2102 3037 18674 34269 54.49

3 Total 34218 31159 12729 7246 9144 60278 94496 63.79

4 Percentage to Total 36.21 32.97 13.47 7.67 9.68 63.79 100.00

C DELHI

1 Male 19893 21711 9851 5484 6668 43714 63607 68.73

2 Female 16824 10520 3287 2102 3122 19031 35855 53.08

3 Total 36717 32231 13138 7586 9790 62745 99462 63.08

4 Percentage to Total 36.92 32.40 13.21 7.63 9.84 63.08 100.00

22

Chart 5: General Level of Educational Attainment of Disabled persons by Sector

50.3

2

13.0

1

36.2

136

.92

21.5

8

8.23

6.86

32.9

7

13.4

7

9.68

7.67

32.4

13.2

1

7.63 9

.84

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Not Literate Upto Primary Middle Secondary HigherSecondary &

Above

Level of Education

Perc

enta

ge

Rural Urban Delhi

DEGREE OF DISABILITY:

Coming to the question of extent of disability. 58.62% of them had informed that they can

take care of themselves without any aid/appliance, 18.05% with aid /appliance, however, 19.08%

had expressed their inability to take care of themselves on their own.

23

Statement 4.1.5: Age-group-wise distribution of disabled persons by Extent of Disability.

Extent of Physical Disability

S.No. age group can not take

self care even with

aid/appliance

can take self care only

with aid/appliance

can take self care without aid/appliance

aid/appliance not tried/not

available Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A Number of Disabled 0-14 5749 1839 11291 2023 20902 15-29 5978 5607 20883 576 33044 30-49 3006 4595 19417 994 28012 50-59 815 1987 4017 166 6985 >59 4009 4456 4436 583 13484 Total 19557 18484 60044 4342 102427B Percentage to Total

0-14 27.50 8.80 54.02 9.68 100.00 15-29 18.09 16.97 63.20 1.74 100.00 30-49 10.73 16.40 69.32 3.55 100.00 50-59 11.67 28.45 57.51 2.37 100.00 >59 29.73 33.05 32.90 4.32 100.00 Total 19.09 18.05 58.62 4.24 100.00

Chart 6: Distribution of Persons by Degree of Disability

can take self care without

aid/appliance58.62%

can take self care only with

aid/appliance18.05%

can not take self care even with aid/appliance

19.09%

aid/appliance not tried/not available

4.24%

24

ONSET OF DISABILITY:

The survey revealed that out of the total disabled in Delhi. Nearly 1/3rd were having the disability

since birth and rest had acquired disability subsequently due to various factors. It was further

brought to notice that in 85.14% cases parents of disabled persons were not blood related.

Statement 4.1.6: Distribution of Disabled Persons by onset of disability and type of

relationship between parents.

Type of Relationship between Parents Age group Onset of Disability

Blood Related Not Blood Related Total Percentage to

total

1 2 3 4 5 6 0-14 Since birth 2276 9906 12182 11.90 Others 768 7952 8720 8.5115-59 Since birth 4980 15945 20925 20.43 Others 5833 41283 47116 46.0060 & above Since Birth 232 406 638 0.62 Others 1133 11713 12846 12.54Total Since birth 7488 26257 33745 32.95 Others 7734 60948 68682 67.05 Total 15222 87205 102427 100.00

Percentage to total 14.86 85.14 100.00

Chart 7 : Onset of Disablilty and the Type of Relationship between Parents

Parents Not Blood Related77.81%

Others67.05%

Parents Blood Related22.19%

Since Birth32.95%

25

Marital status :

Statement 7 gives the marital status of disabled persons in Delhi sex and sector-wise. It was found

that 39.05% were currently married, 7.07 widowed and less than 1% were divorced/separated. On

the other hand more than half of the disabled persons were in the never married category in Delhi

Statement 4.1.7: Number of disabled persons by marital status.

Marital Status S.No. Item Never

Married Currently Married Widowed

Divorced / Separated Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A RURAL

1 Male 2399 728 253 0 33802 Female 657 644 285 0 15863 Total 3056 1372 538 0 49664 % age 61.54 27.63 10.83 0.00 100.00

B URBAN 1 Male 33100 26679 1490 702 619712 Female 18168 11950 5213 159 354903 Total 51268 38629 6703 861 974614 % age 52.60 39.64 6.88 0.88 100.00

C COMBINED 1 Male 35499 27407 1743 702 653512 Female 18825 12594 5498 159 370763 Total 54324 40001 7241 861 1024274 % age 53.04 39.05 7.07 0.84 100.00

Chart 8 : Distribution of Disabled Persons by Marital Status

Never Married53.04%Currently Married

39.05%

Divorce/Separated0.84%Widowed

7.07%

26

Further statement 8 provides more details of marital status of disabled persons for selected age-

groups to have more detailed understanding of this aspect.

Statement 4.1.8: Marital status of disabled persons by age-group wise.

Marital Status S.No. Age group Never

Married Currently Married Widowed

Divorced / Separated Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A MALE

1 0-14 13281 0 0 0 132812 15-29 16729 4614 0 0 213433 30-59 5255 16793 467 468 229834 >59 234 6000 1275 234 77445 Total 35499 27407 1743 702 653516 Percentage to Total 54.32 41.94 2.67 1.07 100.00

B FEMALE 1 0-14 7621 0 0 0 76212 15-29 8771 2930 0 0 117013 30-59 2201 7993 1661 159 120144 >59 232 1671 3837 0 57405 Total 18825 12594 5498 159 370766 Percentage to Total 50.77 33.97 14.83 0.43 100.00

C TOTAL 1 0-14 20902 0 0 0 209022 15-29 25500 7544 0 0 330443 30-59 7456 24786 2128 627 349974 >59 466 7671 5112 234 134845 Total 54324 40001 7241 861 1024276 Percentage to Total 53.04 39.05 7.07 0.84 100.00

Activity status :

The usual activity status of disabled persons explained as the major time disposition during last

365 days preceding the date of survey on different economic and non-economic activities is

detailed in statement 10. Broadly speaking , 28.6% were in the category of labour force and the

remaining 71.40% were out of labour force in Delhi.

27

It can be observed from the statement that out of every 1000 disabled persons nearly 250 persons

are employed in gainful activities.

Statement 4.1.9: Usual Activity status of disabled persons by sex

DELHI S.NO. ITEM Male Female Total

Percentage to Total

A Employed Self Employed in Agriculture 9584 867 10451 10.51 Self Employed in Non-Agriculture 702 0 702 0.71 Regular Employee 10849 1459 12308 12.38 Casual Labourer 973 116 1089 1.09 Sub-Total 22108 2442 24550 24.69

B Unemployed 3323 579 3902 3.92C Not in Labour Force

Attended Educational Institutions 10616 4346 14962 15.04 Attended Domestic Duties 585 12920 13505 13.58 Beggar 86 85 171 0.17 Others 26889 15483 42372 42.60 Sub-Total 38176 32834 71010 71.39 TOTAL 63607 35855 99462 100.00

Chart 9 :Distribution of disabled Persons by Usual Activity Status

Employed24.68%

Unemployed3.92%

Persons Out of Labour Force

71.39%

28

Statement 4.1.10: Distribution of persons working before the onset of Disability (age group 5

years and above) and change in working status due to onset of disability.

Change in working status due to onset of disability

S.No. Item

Loss of work Change of work No loss or no change of work Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 A RURAL

Male 279 0 191 470 Female 0 0 0 0 Sub-Total 279 0 191 470

B URBAN Male 7315 1873 7739 16927 Female 913 116 1794 2823 Sub-Total 8228 1989 9533 19750C DELHI

Male 7594 1873 7930 17397 Female 913 116 1794 2823 Total 8507 1989 9724 20220

Percentage to Total 42.07 9.84 48.09 100.00

Persons gainfully employed prior to falling prey to disability (above 5 years of age) were asked

whether the onset of disability has brought any change in their working status. Out of 20220 such

persons 8507 (42.07%) had reported to have lost their employment, 1989 (0.84%) experienced

change in the nature of employment and remaining 9724 (48.09%)managed to retain their status

quo in the work place. It can be stated that need for providing appropriate vocational training to

those who loose job due the onset of disability so that their rehabilitation becomes relatively less

complex.

29

Type of Living Arrangement :

Statement 4.1.11: Distribution of Disabled Persons by Type of living arrangement

Type of Living Arrangement Without Spouse but with

S.No. Item Alone

with Spouse

only

with spouse & other member

s Parents Children Other relatives

Non-Relative

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A Rural

Male 0 0 727 2480 64 109 0 3380

Female 0 166 463 657 230 70 0 1586

Sub-Total 0 166 1190 3137 294 179 0 4966

B Urban

Male 1055 996 22805 26491 5050 5574 0 61971

Female 116 1367 9604 16185 6032 2070 116 35490

Sub-Total 1171 2363 32409 42676 11082 7644 116 97461

C Delhi

Male 1055 996 23532 28971 5114 5683 0 65351

Female 116 1533 10067 16842 6262 2140 116 37076

Total 1171 2529 33599 45813 11376 7823 116 102427

Percentage to Total 1.14 2.47 32.80 44.73 11.11 7.64 0.11 100.00

Based on the data available from the survey on issue of the arrangement for living by disabled

persons revealed that 44.73% were living with parents, 35.35.27 with spouse and other members,

11.11% with children and the remaining 8.89% were either living alone or with other relatives and

non-relatives.

30

Assistance Received:

During the course of survey, the disabled were asked as to the different types of assistance

received by them either from government or non-government agencies. The analysis revealed that

88.52% have replied to have not received any assistance, 9.78% required assistance from

government agencies and only 1.70% from non-government only. This perhaps may be due to

ignorance about the existence of assistance schemes and to some extent the poor delivery of

benefits to such persons.

Statement 4.1.12:Distribution of Disabled persons by nature of assistance/aid received from

government /non-government organizations.

Received Govt. Aid/Help For

Item Education

Vocational

Training

Aid/Appliance

Corrective

Surgery

Govt./Semi govt.

job

Other Govt.

Aid/Help

Sub-Total

Received

Other Aid/Hel

p

Total Aid/Hel

p Receiv

ed

No Aid/Hel

p availed

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 RURAL Male 0 191 74 0 0 91 356 0 356 3024 3380Female 0 0 236 0 0 40 275 55 331 1255 1586Sub-Total 0 191 310 0 0 131 631 55 687 4279 4966Percentage to Total 0.00 3.84 6.24 0.00 0.00 2.64 12.72 1.11 13.83 86.17 100.00

URBAN Male 644 0 2431 383 1864 1451 6773 1493 8266 51961 60227Female 0 116 1117 116 625 348 2322 144 2466 31803 34269Sub-Total 644 116 3548 499 2489 1799 9095 1637 10732 83764 94496Percentage to Total 0.68 0.12 3.76 0.53 2.64 1.90 9.63 1.73 11.36 88.64 100.00

DELHI Male 644 191 2505 383 1864 1542 7129 1493 8622 54985 63607Female 0 116 1353 116 625 388 2597 199 2796 33058 35855Total 644 307 3858 499 2489 1930 9726 1692 11418 88043 99462Percentage to Total 0.65 0.31 3.88 0.50 2.50 1.94 9.78 1.70 11.48 88.52 100.00

31

Statement 4.1.13:Disability Type–wise nature of assistance/aid received from government

/non-government organizations.

Received Govt. Aid/ Help For

Type of Disability

Education/Vocational Training

Aid/Appliance

Corrective Surgery

Govt./Semi govt. job

Other Govt.

Aid/Help

Sub-Total

Received Other Aid/Hel

p

Total Aid/Hel

p Receive

d

No Aid/Hel

p availed

Total

Percentage

Received

Aid/Help

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Mental Disability 234 116 116 220 0 686 43 729 11497 12226 5.96

Visual Disability 0 0 0 235 223 458 235 693 6322 7015 9.88

Communication Disability 0 340 0 0 0 340 176 516 4694 5210 9.90

Locomotor 600 3226 383 2034 1707 7949 1238 9187 59538 68726 13.37Multiple Disability 117 176 0 0 0 293 0 293 5992 6285 4.66

Total 951 3858 499 2489 1930 9726 1692 11418 88043 99462 11.48

Chart 9: Percentage Distribution of Disabled Persons by Aid/Help Received and Type of Disability

5.96 9.

88 13.3

7

4.66

94.0

4

90.1

2

90.1

86.6

3 95.3

4

9.9

0102030405060708090

100

Mental Disability Visual Disability CommunicationDisability

LocomotorDisability

MultipleDisability

Perc

enta

ge D

istr

ibut

ion

Yes No

32

Prevalence Rate:

Prevalence of the Disability is expressed as a ratio of disabled persons to the estimated

population per one lakh persons. The survey revealed that Delhi had a disability prevalence rate of

707 persons as against 1755 persons at all India level. In rural Delhi this rate was 502 and in urban

the rate was recorded as 722. The prevalence rate has shown a downward trend from 47th round to

58th round. This can be attributed to increase in the availability and delivery of preventive

medicines and health facilities.

Statement 4.1.14: Prevalence rate of Disability in Delhi vis a vis All India.

Prevalence Rate (Per 100000 Population) NSS 47th Round (Jul – Dec 1991)

NSS 58th Round (Jul – Dec 2002) Item

Male Female Total Male Female Total DELHI (State Sample) Rural 1506 1314 1420 619 359 502Urban 1159 932 1056 836 583 722Combined 1194 970 1093 821 567 707ALL INDIA Rural 2277 1694 1995 2118 1556 1846Urban 1774 1361 1579 1670 1311 1499Combined 2000 1493 1755

Further, disability prevalence rate at birth and subsequent to birth have been worked out and

presented in statement 4.1.15. It is encouraging to notice that prevalence rates at birth were very

low when compared to that the ones occurring not by birth.

Statement 4.1.15: Prevalence rate by onset of Disability in Delhi

Prevalence Rate (Per 100000 Population)

Disability by Birth Disabled subsequently (Not by Birth) Item

Male Female Total Male Female Total Rural 114 69 94 504 289 408Urban 276 203 243 560 380 479Combined 265 194 233 556 374 474

33

Disability wise prevalence rate is presented in statement 4.1.16 for Delhi and All India. It is

evident that the prevalence of any type of Disability in Delhi is far less then the national average.

Statement 4.1.16 : Prevalence rate by Type of Disability in Delhi

Prevalence Rate per 100000 persons Male Female Total

Type of Disability

Delhi All -India Delhi All -India Delhi All -India Retardation 64 115 53 72 59 94Illness 40 122 19 86 30 105Blindness 62 171 25 214 46 192Low Vision 6 68 4 87 5 77Hearing 16 296 21 285 18 291Speech 22 237 15 169 19 204Locomotor 559 1217 391 785 483 1008Total 821 2000 567 1493 707 1755

Chart 10:Prevalence Rate by Disability Type for Delhi & All-India

59 30 46

5 18 19

483

94 105 1

92

77

291

204

1008

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

MentalRetardation

Blindness Hearing Locomotor

Prev

alen

ce R

ate

(Per

Lac

Pers

ons)

Delhi All-India

34

Statement 4.1.17 gives the state/UT wise prevalence rate of disability. It is worthwhile to point out

that Delhi had recorded the second least prevalent rate among state/Uts after chandigarh which is a

healthy and progressive indicator. Himachal Pradesh recorded the highest prevalence rate in the

country.

Statement 4.1.17: No. of Disabled Persons Per 100000 persons for each states/UT

Total S.No. State/UT Rural Urban Male Female Persons

1 And.& Nic.Island 1670 979 1975 999 14832 Andhra Pradesh 1905 1414 1852 1675 17653 Arunachal Pradesh 1669 72 1599 1281 14444 Assam 986 1085 1072 900 9935 Bihar 1677 1462 2056 1213 16526 Chandigarh 799 567 603 567 5907 Chattisgarh 1800 1852 2006 1607 18108 D & N Haveli 859 708 963 699 8389 Daman & Diu 923 1374 947 1309 1096

10 Delhi 502 722 821 567 70711 Goa 1624 1533 2034 1174 159912 Gujarat 1867 1585 2036 1471 176113 Haryana 1896 1358 2076 1421 176214 Himachal Pradesh 2708 1318 3158 2026 257115 Jammu & Kashmir 1643 1255 1966 1158 156216 Jharkhand 1281 1047 1563 893 123617 Karnataka 1749 1112 1754 1359 155818 Kerala 2215 2303 2475 2026 223519 Lakshadweep 2331 2614 2691 2302 248720 Madhya Pradesh 1746 1503 1909 1424 168021 Maharashtra 2031 1501 2067 1572 182722 Manipur 973 969 1091 849 97223 Meghalaya 1646 908 1765 1322 154624 Mizoram 820 680 839 683 76225 Nagaland 918 706 803 901 85126 Orissa 2544 1821 2586 2330 245927 Pondicherry 1804 2424 2134 2238 218428 Punjab 2224 1484 2255 1672 198729 Rajasthan 1519 1316 1768 1158 146830 Sikkim 1720 590 1734 1456 160231 Tamil Nadu 2028 1759 2112 1755 193432 Tripura 719 1118 796 731 76533 Uttar Pradesh 1964 1590 2214 1523 188734 Uttranchal 2052 917 1966 1596 179135 West Bengal 1696 1927 2028 1451 175436 All – India 1846 1499 2000 1493 1755

35

Rate of Incidence of Disability:

It refers to the ratio of number of disabled cases (by birth or otherwise) occurred in an year

(365 days preceeding the date of survey) to the estimated population per one lakh persons.

Statement 4.1.18: Incidence rate of Disability in Delhi

Incidence Rate of Disability (Per 100000 Persons) RURAL URBAN COMBINED

S.No. Item Delhi ( State

Sample) All India

Delhi ( State

Sample) All India

Delhi ( State

Sample) All India

A Male 8 77 36 75 34 76B Female 0 61 34 58 31 60C Total 5 69 35 67 33 69

Chart : Incidence Rate of Disability Delhi vis a vis all-India

31

69

34 33

76

60

0

10

20

3040

50

60

70

80

Male Female Combined

Num

ber o

f Dis

able

d Pe

r Lak

h Pe

rson

s

Delhi All-India

36

4.2 MENTAL DISABILITY Persons who have difficulty in understanding routine instructions, who do not carry out

their activities like others of similar age exhibit behaviour like talking to self, laughing / crying,

staring, violence, fear and suspicion without reason would be considered as mentally disabled.

The “activities like others of similar age” will include activities of communication (speech), self-

care (cleaning of teeth, wearing clothes, talking bath, taking food, personal hygiene, etc.), home

living (doing some household chores) and social skills.

The mentally disabled were categorized into two groups viz. mentally retarded and mentally ill.

Mental retardation Mental retardation is a condition where the mental capacity (intelligence) is less than average in

the person. A person with mental retardation is i) slow is mental development, ii ) has delay in

development including sitting, standing, walking and talking and iii) the condition occurs in

childhood (before the age of 18 years) All characteristics may not be present in a single person.

Mental illness Mental illness is characterized by disturbances in thinking, feeling, memory and judgement

resulting in behaviour such as talking to self, laughing, staring, violence, fear and suspicion

without reason were considered as mentally disabled for the purpose of survey.

In the survey three probing questions were asked and based on the information so obtained,

the persons were categorised into mentally retarded and mentally ill. The probing questions were :

Is there anyone in the family who has difficulty in understanding instruction, who

dose not carry out his/her activities like others of his / her or exhibits behaviours

like talking to self, laughing / crying without reason, staring , violence;

If the response was affirmative to the question above, it was asked whether the

behaviour was observed since birth / childhood but before 18 years of age;

The third question was “was he/she late in talking, sitting, standing or walking?”

37

If the response to these three questions were all in affirmative, then the persons was categorised as

mentally retarded. On the other hand, if the response to the first question was in affirmative

categorised as mentally ill.

Estimated Number:

Statement 4.2.1 gives the distribution of mentally disabled persons sector and sex wise.

Out of the total of 12970 mentally disabled persons 8577 ( 66.13 %) were mentally retarded

category and 4393 (33.87% ) were estimated to be mentally ill persons.

Statement 4.2.1: Estimated number of Mentally Disabled Persons in Delhi

S.No. Type of Disability Male Female Total Percentage to Total A Mental Retardation

i) Rural 660 121 781 9.11

ii) Urban 4461 3335 7796 90.89

iii) Total 5121 3456 8577 100.00

Percentage 59.71 40.29 100.00

B Mental Illness i) Rural 51 0 51 1.16

ii) Urban 3102 1240 4342 98.84

iii) Total 3153 1240 4393 100.00

Percentage 71.77 28.23 100.00

C Mental(A+B) i) Rural 711 121 832 6.41

ii) Urban 7563 4575 12138 93.59

iii) Total 8274 4696 12970 100.00 Percentage 63.79 36.21 100.00

Sex wise breakup revealed that 63.79% were male and 36.21% female in the total of mentally

disabled persons.

38

Age group wise break up of mentally persons is presented in statement 4.2.2

Statement 4.2.2: Age-Group wise Distribution of Mentally Disabled Persons in Delhi Mental Retardation Mental Illness Mental (Retardation+Illness) Age

group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0-4 279 348 627 117 0 117 396 348 7445-9 1153 232 1385 0 0 0 1153 232 138510-14 996 638 1634 0 0 0 996 638 163415 - 19 629 506 1135 614 197 811 1243 703 194620 - 24 786 452 1238 160 463 623 946 915 186125 - 29 160 66 226 757 0 757 917 66 98330 - 34 76 695 771 306 0 306 382 695 107735 - 39 117 116 233 0 232 232 117 348 46540 - 44 234 287 521 574 0 574 808 287 109545 - 49 457 0 457 168 0 168 625 0 62550 - 54 117 0 117 0 232 232 117 232 34954 - 59 0 116 116 0 0 0 0 116 116>59 117 0 117 457 116 573 574 116 690Total 5121 3456 8577 3153 1240 4393 8274 4696 12970

Onset of Mental Disability:

The analysis of onset of mental disability aspect revealed that in case of 68.22% persons

from birth itself and rest of the 31.78% came under the influence of mental disability subsequent to

birth.

Statement 4.2.3: Distribution of Mentally Disabled Persons by onset of disability and type of

parental relationship.

Type of Relationship between Parents

S.No. Item Onset of Disability Blood

Related Not Blood Related Total

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Since birth 924 5653 6577 76.68Others 727 1273 2000 23.32A Mental Retardation Total 1651 6926 8577 100.00Since birth 1109 1162 2271 51.70Others 494 1628 2122 48.30B Mental Illness Total 1603 2790 4393 100.00Since birth 2033 6815 8848 68.22Others 1221 2901 4122 31.78C Mental (Retardation+Illness)Total 3254 9716 12970 100.00

Percentage 25.09 74.91 100.00

39

Developmental Milestone:

The study of development milestones of mentally retarded persons brought to light that 68.64% of

them were reportedly late in sitting, walking, talking etc. only about 15% reported as normal in

crossing such milestone in their childhood.

Statement 4.2.4: Developmental Milestones of Mentally Retarded Persons in Delhi

Mentally Retarded Persons Late in

Item Sitting Walking Talking

combination of sitting,

walking, talking

Not Known Not Late Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

RURAL

Male 0 0 0 532 0 128 660

Female 0 0 0 66 0 55 121

Sub-Total 0 0 0 598 0 183 781

URBAN

Male 457 0 233 3145 0 626 4461

Female 116 116 43 2144 452 464 3335

Sub-Total 573 116 276 5289 452 1090 7796

DELHI

Male 457 0 233 3677 0 754 5121

Female 116 116 43 2210 452 519 3456

Total 573 116 276 5887 452 1273 8577

Percentage 6.68 1.35 3.22 68.64 5.27 14.84 100.00

40

Causes of Mental Disability:

The cause of mental retardation for persons in the age group 0-18 years was attributed to serious

illness in the childhood in case of 23.12% cases and in 72.49% of persons stated cause was ‘other

reasons’.

Statement 4.2.5: Distribution of Mentally Retarded Persons by Cause of Disability

Cause of Mental Retardation

Age group Pregnancy & Birth Related

Serious illness during

childhood

Head injury in Childhood Heredity

Other Reasons Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 116 0 0 0 1163 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 05-9 0 117 52 0 0 16910-14 0 0 0 0 116 11615 - 18 0 41 0 0 743 784Total 0 274 52 0 859 1185

Living arrangement:

Mentally disabled persons to the tune of 70% were staying with their parents as a part of there

living arrangement.

Statement 4.2.6: Living Arrangement of Mentally Disabled Persons

Type of Living Arrangement Without Spouse but with

S.No.

Item

With Spouse

only

With spouse &

other members

Parents Children Other relatives Non-

RelativeTotal

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A Rural Male 0 51 596 0 64 0 711 Female 0 0 66 0 55 0 121 Sub-Total 0 51 662 0 119 0 832

B Urban Male 0 1185 4577 994 807 0 7563 Female 0 453 3890 0 232 0 4575 Sub-Total 0 1638 8467 994 1039 0 12138

C Delhi Male 0 1236 5173 994 871 0 8274 Female 0 453 3956 0 287 0 4696 Total 0 1689 9129 994 1158 0 12970 Percentage 0.00 13.02 70.39 7.66 8.93 0.00 100.00

41

4.3 VISUAL DISABILITY

A Person was treated as visual disabled if he/she did not have perception, both eyes taken

together, or if he/she had light perception but could not correctly count fingers of a hand (with

spectacles if he/she used spectacles) from a distance of 3 meters in good day-light. Thus,

following the above definition, the visually disabled can be categorized into two broad groups:

Blindness: Includes

Persons who do not have light perception and

Persons who have light but cannot count fingers as a distance of 1 meter even with

spectacles and:

Normally use spectacles

Normally do not use spectacles

Low vision

Persons who have light perception but count fingers up to a distance of 3 meters even with

spectacles and :

Normally use spectacles

Normally do not use spectacles

These categories indicates different degree (severe or moderate) of visual disability. In the

following paragraphs of this sub-section, apart from the prevalence of visual disability per

1,00,000 population, their distribution by degree of disability, probable cause and age at onset of

visual disability are discussed.

Estimated Number:

Statement 4.3.1 gives the distribution of visually disabled persons sector and sex wise.

Out of the total of 7308 visually disabled persons 6619 ( 90.57 %) were Blind and 689 (9.43% )

were estimated to be persons with low -vision.

42

Statement 4.3.1: Estimated number of Visually Disabled Persons in Delhi

S.No. Type of Disability Male Female Total Percentage to Total A Blindness

i) Rural 0 55 55 0.83

ii) Urban 4958 1606 6564 99.17

iii) Total 4958 1661 6619 100.00

Percentage 74.91 25.09 100.00

B Low Vision i) Rural 0 0 0 0.00

ii) Urban 457 232 689 100.00

iii) Total 457 232 689 100.00

Percentage 66.33 33.67 100.00

C Visual(A+B) i) Rural 0 55 55 0.75

ii) Urban 5415 1838 7253 99.25

iii) Total 5415 1893 7308 100.00 Percentage 74.10 25.90 100.00

Sex wise breakup revealed that 74.10% were male and 25.90% female in the total of visually

disabled persons. Age group wise break up of visually persons presented in statement 4.3.2.

Statement 4.3.2: Age-Group wise Distribution of Visually Disabled Persons in Delhi Blindness Low Vision Visual (Blindness +Low-Vision)Age

group Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0-4 293 0 293 0 0 0 293 0 2935-9 340 0 340 0 0 0 340 0 34010-14 395 0 395 117 0 117 512 0 51215 - 19 0 116 116 0 0 0 0 116 11620 - 24 117 159 276 0 0 0 117 159 27625 - 29 234 348 582 0 0 0 234 348 58230 - 34 645 360 1005 0 0 0 645 360 100535 - 39 340 0 340 0 0 0 340 0 34040 - 44 438 116 554 0 0 0 438 116 55445 - 49 851 0 851 0 0 0 851 0 85150 - 54 340 116 456 0 0 0 340 116 45654 - 59 0 43 43 223 0 223 223 43 266>59 965 403 1368 117 232 349 1082 635 1717Total 4958 1661 6619 457 232 689 5415 1893 7308

43

Onset of Visual Disability:

Some people are born disabled and some acquire disability in course of time. Both these

aspects were covered during the survey. The analysis of onset of visual disability aspect revealed

that in case of 41.91% persons from birth itself and rest of the 58..09% came under the influence of

visual disability subsequent to birth.

Statement 4.3.3: Distribution of Visually Disabled Persons by onset of disability and type of

parental relationship.

Type of Relationship between Parents

S.No. Item Onset of Disability Blood

Related Not Blood Related Total

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Since birth 688 2141 2829 42.74

Others 349 3441 3790 57.26A Blindness

Total 1037 5582 6619 100.00

Since birth 0 234 234 33.96

Others 0 455 455 66.04B Low-Vision

Total 0 689 689 100.00

Since birth 688 2375 3063 41.91

Others 349 3896 4245 58.09C Visual (Blindness+Low Vision)

Total 1037 6271 7308 100.00

Percentage 14.19 85.81 100.00

Educational Attainment:

Out of the total visually disabled persons in Delhi (5 years and above) 45.89% were

literates and 54.11 % were illiterate. Coming to the quality of literacy expressed in terms of level

of General educational attainment it was observed that 25.43% were educated upto the primary,

10.01% upto middle, 6.66% upto higher secondary and above while the remaining 3.79% attained

education upto secondary level.

44

Statement 4.3.4: Educational Attainment of Visually Disabled Persons. Literate

Age group Illiterate Upto primary Middle Secondary

Higher Secondary & Above

Sub -Total

Total Percentage of Literates

to Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Blindness

Male 2176 1436 702 0 351 2489 4665 53.35

Female 1154 348 0 43 116 507 1661 30.52

Total 3330 1784 702 43 467 2996 6326 47.36

Low Vision

Male 234 0 0 223 0 223 457 48.80

Female 232 0 0 0 0 0 232 0.00

Total 466 0 0 223 0 223 689 32.37

Visual (Blindness+ Low Vision)

Male 2410 1436 702 223 351 2712 5122 52.95

Female 1386 348 0 43 116 507 1893 26.78

Total 3796 1784 702 266 467 3219 7015 45.89

Percentage 54.11 25.43 10.01 3.79 6.66 45.89 100.00

Causes of Visual Disability:

For those who acquired disability after birth, information relating to cause of visual

disability was collected. The analysis of the data revealed that cataract was the cause of visual

disability of 17.54% visually disabled persons, 12.54% due to small pox, 18.67% due to other eye

diseases, 6.19% due to injuries (other than burns) and 4.27% due to surgical interventions.

45

Statement 4.3.5: Distribution of Visually Disabled Persons by Cause of Disability

Item Sore eyes first month

life

Sore eyes after one

month

Cataract

Corneal Opacity

Other Eye

diseases

Small Pox

Injury other than

burns

Medical /Surgical Interventi

on

Other Reaso

ns Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Blindness Male 171 0 486 81 466 152 0 81 883 2320Female 60 81 180 0 81 324 81 81 192 1080Total 231 81 666 81 547 476 81 162 1075 3400Low Vision Male 0 0 0 0 81 0 154 0 0 235Female 0 0 0 0 81 0 0 0 81 162Total 0 0 0 0 162 0 154 0 81 397Visual(Blindness+Low Vision) Male 171 0 486 81 547 152 154 81 883 2555Female 60 81 180 0 162 324 81 81 273 1242Total 231 81 666 81 709 476 235 162 1156 3797Percentage 6.08 2.13 17.54 2.13 18.67 12.54 6.19 4.27 30.45 100.00Degree of Disability:

Coming to the problem degree of disability, among blind persons 61.88% reported to have

no light perception while in case of persons with low vision, the percentage of persons who use

spectacles and those who do not, were more or less same.

Statement 4.3.6: Distribution of Visually Disabled Persons by degree of Disability Estimated Persons

S.No. Degree of Disability Male Female Persons

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 No Light perception 2826 1270 4096 61.882 has light perception but cannot count

fingers upto a distance of 1 meter: (i) Normally uses specs 1312 0 1312 19.82(ii) Normally does not use specs 820 391 1211 18.30

Blindness 4958 1661 6619 100.003 has light perception but cannot count

fingers upto a distance of 3 meters (i) Normally uses specs 223 116 339 49.20(ii) Normally does not use Specs 234 116 350 50.80

Low Vision 457 232 689 100.00 Total 5415 1893 7308

46

Living Arrangement:

Visually disabled persons to the tune of 50% were staying with their spouse and other

members and about 23% were living with their parents, about 14% without spouse but living with

children as a part of there living arrangement.

Statement 4.3.7: Living Arrangement of Visually Disabled Persons Type of Living Arrangement

Without Spouse but with S.No. Item with Spouse

only

With spouse & other member

s Parents Children Other relatives

Non-Relative

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

A Rural

Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Female 0 0 0 55 0 0 55

Sub-Total 0 0 0 55 0 0 55

B Urban

Male 0 2813 1324 482 796 0 5415

Female 116 854 348 477 43 0 1838

Sub-Total 116 3667 1672 959 839 0 7253

C Delhi

Male 0 2813 1324 482 796 0 5415

Female 116 854 348 532 43 0 1893

Total 116 3667 1672 1014 839 0 7308

Percentage 1.59 50.18 22.88 13.87 11.48 0.00 100.00

Usual Activity Status:

The usual activity status of visually disabled persons explained as the major time

disposition during last 365 days preceding the date of survey on different economic and non-

economic activities is detailed in statement 4.3.8. Broadly speaking , about 21% were in the

labour force and the remaining about 79% were out of labour force in Delhi.

47

Statement 4.3.8: Usual Activity status of Visually disabled persons by sex

Visual(Blindness+Low Vision) S.NO. ITEM Male Female Total

Percentage to Total

A Employed

Self Employed in Agriculture 264 116 380 5.41

Self Employed in Non-Agriculture 0 0 0 0.00

Regular Employee 819 43 862 12.29

Casual Labourer 117 0 117 1.67

Sub-Total 1200 159 1359 19.37

B Unemployed 117 0 117 1.67

C Not in Labour Force

Attended Educational Institutions 501 0 501 7.14

Attended Domestic Duties 117 739 856 12.20

Beggar 43 85 128 1.83

Others 3144 910 4054 57.79

Sub-Total 3805 1734 5539 78.96

TOTAL 5122 1893 7015 100.00

48

4.4 COMMUNICATION DISABILITY Inability of persons to hear properly was considered as hearing disability. For the purpose

of the survey, hearing disability was judged taking into consideration the ability of the better ear.

In other words, if one ear of a person was normal and the other ear had total hearing loss, the

person was judged as normal in hearing. Hearing disability was judged without taking into

consideration the use of hearing aids. Enquiry about hearing disability was made only for persons

of age 5 years and above in the 36th and 47th round. In this round however, all persons were

interviewed for collection of information on hearing disability. In the following paragraphs, the

results relating to number, cause, onset degree of disability, etc. have been presented.

A person’s inability to speak properly was considered his/her speech disability. Speech of

a persons was judged to be disordered if the person’s speech was not understood by the listener,

drew attention to the manner in which he/she spoke than to the meaning, and was aesthetically

unpleasant. It also includes those whose speech is not understood due to defects in speech, such as

stammering, nasal voice, hoarse voice and discordant voice and articulation defects. Persons with

speech disability were categorized as:

(i) Persons who could not speak at all;

(ii) Persons who could speak only in single words;

(iii) Persons who could speak only unintelligibly;

(iv) Persons who stammered;

(v) Persons who could speak with abnormal voice; like nasal voice, hoarse voice and

discordant voice etc.;

(vi) Persons who had any other speech defects, such as articulation defects, etc.

49

Information on speech disability was collected for all the persons in the 58th round unlike the 47th

round, where it was collected for the persons of age 5 years or more.

Estimated Number:

Statement 4.4.1 gives the distribution of Persons with Communication disability sector and

sex wise. Out of the total of 5326 persons 2639 (49.55 %) suffer from Hearing and 2687 (50.45%)

were estimated to be persons with Speech disability.

Statement 4.4.1: Estimated number of Persons with Communication Disability in Delhi

S.No. Type of Disability Male Female Total Percentage to Total

A Hearing

i) Rural 0 341 341 12.92

ii) Urban 1265 1033 2298 87.08

iii) Total 1265 1374 2639 100.00

Percentage 47.93 52.07 100.00

B Speech

i) Rural 76 0 76 2.83

ii) Urban 1640 971 2611 97.17

iii) Total 1716 971 2687 100.00

Percentage 63.86 36.14 100.00

C Communication(A+B)

i) Rural 76 341 417 7.83

ii) Urban 2905 2004 4909 92.17

iii) Total 2981 2345 5326 100.00

Percentage 55.97 44.03 100.00

Sex wise breakup revealed that 55.97% were male and 44.03% female in the total of the persons

with communication disability. Age group wise break up of persons with communication disability

is presented in statement 4.4.2.

50

Statement 4.4.2: Age-Group wise Distribution of Persons with Communication Disability in

Delhi Hearing Speech Communication (Hearing+Speech) Age group

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0-4 0 0 0 0 116 116 0 116 1165-9 117 0 117 160 275 435 277 275 55210-14 117 0 117 342 232 574 459 232 69115 - 19 117 0 117 275 116 391 392 116 50820 - 24 0 116 116 160 116 276 160 232 39225 - 29 117 0 117 263 0 263 380 0 38030 - 34 223 220 443 117 0 117 340 220 56035 - 39 340 0 340 176 0 176 516 0 51640 - 44 0 0 0 0 116 116 0 116 11645 - 49 117 116 233 0 0 0 117 116 23350 - 54 0 166 166 223 0 223 223 166 38954 - 59 0 116 116 0 0 0 0 116 116>59 117 640 757 0 0 0 117 640 757Total 1265 1374 2639 1716 971 2687 2981 2345 5326

Onset of Communication Disability:

The analysis of onset of communication disability aspect revealed that in case of 59.52%

persons from birth itself and rest of the 40.48% came under the influence of communication

disability subsequent to birth. Statement 4.4.3: Distribution of Persons with Communication Disability by onset of

disability and type of parental relationship.

Type of Relationship between Parents

S.No. Item Onset of Disability Blood

Related Not Blood Related Total

Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Since birth 573 965 1538 58.28Others 116 985 1101 41.72A Hearing Total 689 1950 2639 100.00Since birth 275 1357 1632 60.74Others 40 1015 1055 39.26B Speech Total 315 2372 2687 100.00Since birth 848 2322 3170 59.52Others 156 2000 2156 40.48C

Communication (Hearing+Speech)

Total 1004 4322 5326 100.00

Percentage 18.85 81.15 100.00

51

Educational Attainment:

Out of the total persons with communication disability in Delhi (5 years and above)

38.20% were literates and 61.80 % were illiterate. Coming to the quality of literacy expressed in

terms of level of General educational attainment it was observed that 27.18% were educated upto

the primary, 8.77% upto middle while the remaining 2.25% attained education upto secondary

level.

Statement 4.4.4: Educational Attainment of Persons with Communication Disability . Literate

Age group Illiterate Upto primary Middle Secondary

Higher Secondary & Above

Sub -Total

Total Percentage of Literates

to Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Hearing

Male 680 234 234 117 0 585 1265 46.25

Female 909 465 0 0 0 465 1374 33.84

Total 1589 699 234 117 0 1050 2639 39.79

Speech

Male 819 674 223 0 0 897 1716 52.27

Female 812 43 0 0 0 43 855 5.03

Total 1631 717 223 0 0 940 2571 36.56Communication (Hearing + Speech)

Male 1499 908 457 117 0 1482 2981 49.71

Female 1721 508 0 0 0 508 2229 22.79

Total 3220 1416 457 117 0 1990 5210 38.20

Percentage 61.80 27.18 8.77 2.25 0.00 38.20 100.00

Degree of Disability:

Coming to the problem of degree of disability, among Persons with Hearing disability,

49.38% reported to have profound hearing loss, while 37.21% with moderate, 13.41 with severe

hearing loss. The data further revealed that the share of hearing impaired persons with profound

hearing loss was 16.13% and 54.31% in rural areas and urban areas respectively.

52

Statement 4.4.5: Degree of Disability of Hearing Impaired Persons

Estimated Persons S.No. Degree of Hearing Disability Male Female Persons Percentage to Total1 2 3 4 5 6

A Rural 1 Profound 0 55 55 16.132 Severe 0 120 120 35.193 Moderate 0 166 166 48.68

Total 0 341 341 100.00B Urban

1 Profound 680 568 1248 54.312 Severe 234 0 234 10.183 Moderate 351 465 816 35.51

Total 1265 1033 2298 100.00C Delhi

1 Profound 680 623 1303 49.382 Severe 234 120 354 13.413 Moderate 351 631 982 37.21

Total 1265 1374 2639 100.00

Among Persons with Speech disability, 39.04% can not speak, 29.44% can speak only in

single words, 16.11% speaks unintelligibly, 4.32% speaks with abnormal voice while the

remaining 11.09% of persons with speech disability reported to suffer from any other speech

defect.

Statement 4.4.6: Degree of Disability of Persons with Speech Disability

Estimated Persons S.No. Type of Speech Disability Male Female Persons

Percentage To Total

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 cannot speak 658 391 1049 39.04

2 speak only in single words 559 232 791 29.44

3 speaks unintelligibly 201 232 433 16.11

4 Stammers 0 0 0 0.00

5 speaks with abnormal voice 0 116 116 4.32

6 any other speech defect 298 0 298 11.09

8 Total 1716 971 2687 100.00

53

Living Arrangement:

Persons with communication disability to the tune of 51.77% were staying with their

spouse and other members and 22.88% were living with their parents, 13.88% without spouse but

living with children while the remaining 11.48% were without spouse but living with other

relatives as a part of there living arrangement.

Statement 4.4.7: Living Arrangement of Persons with Communication Disability. Type of Living Arrangement

Without Spouse but with S.No. Item with Spouse

only

With spouse & other member

s Parents Children Other relatives

Non-Relative

Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

A Rural

Male 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Female 0 0 0 55 0 0 55

Sub-Total 0 0 0 55 0 0 55

B Urban

Male 0 2813 1324 482 796 0 5415

Female 116 854 348 477 43 0 1838

Sub-Total 116 3667 1672 959 839 0 7253

C Delhi

Male 0 2813 1324 482 796 0 5415

Female 116 854 348 532 43 0 1893

Total 116 3667 1672 1014 839 0 7308

Percentage 1.59 50.18 22.88 1