Mental Illness Prevention and Control

From the outside

looking in,Its hard to

understand .

From the inside looking

out, Its hard to explain .

Presented by: Zulquarnain

2012

Moderators: Dr. Sadia Dr. Sakhtivel Dr. Farha Dr. Shaighan

PREVENTION

PRIMORDIAL

PRIMARY

HEALTH PROMOTION

SPECIFIC PROTECTION

SECONDARY

EARLY DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT

TERTIARY

DISABILITY LIMITATION

REHABILITATION

1/12

PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION

2/12

RISKIDENTFICATION

RISK MITIGATIONREMOVE THE

POSSIBILITY THAT THE DISEASE WILL OCCUR

TARGET GROUPSPregnant femalesPre school childrenSchool going childrenAdolescentPre Employed Elderly

Primary prevention operates on a community basis:-Improving the social environment -Promotion of social, emotional and physical well being.

• Problem solving Techniques

• Life skill approach• De stressing exercise

PRIMARY PREVENTION

• Good interpersonal relationship

• Good Parenting Skills

PRIMARY PREVENTION

3/12

Risk Factors Identification Risk Control

Hectic Life Schedule and Sedentary life style Meditation, Religious activities & exercise

Academic failure and scholastic demoralization Good parenting

Family conflict or family disorganization Positive attachment and early bonding

Exposure to aggression, violence and trauma(especially in case of childhood abuse)

Stress and conflict management skillsSchool Psychological counselor Support

Loneliness, Cultural Shock Pro-social behavior

Medical illness, Neurochemical imbalance, Disability

Medical / Surgical support

Substance abuse (access to drugs and alcohol) De addiction

Stressful life events Eg: death of spouse/ Divorce etc.

Social support of family and friends

Individual and family-related determinants of mental health:

Social, environmental and economic determinants of mental health: 

Risk Factor Identification Risk Control Lack of education, transport, housing Literacy and proper economic stability

Poor nutrition, Poverty Empowerment, Proper Nutritional care

Urbanization Safe Shared Places to interact Violence and War Social responsibility and stable environment

Unemployment Literacy and skill development Peer rejection Positive interpersonal interactions

Racial injustice and discrimination Ethnic minorities’ integration

Social Networking • 23% of teens report that they are or have been the

target of cyber bullying ultimately leading to depressive episode and other conduct disorders.

• Using social networking websites like Facebook, twitter etc. For more than 2 hours in a day-may lead to life style related diseases and mental disorders.

- National Institute of Mental Health (2012)

4/12

Secondary Prevention

5/12

EARLY DIAGNOSIS• Screening programs in

school, universities, industry, recreation centers, etc. for early diagnosis of mental illness.

• Screening of substance abuse disorders

• Pay attention to warning signs

• Get routine medical checkup

• Don’t hesitate to ask for help

TREATMENT • Pharmacological • Psychotherapy, Group therapy• Cognitive behavioral therapy• Biofeedback therapy• Creative therapy

-art therapy -music therapy

-play therapy• Electroconvulsive therapy• VNS -Vagus Nerve Stimulation• TMS -Trans cranial Magnetic

Stimulation• Surgical

Secondary prevention in the Case Discussed

6/12

• Is made through symptoms and signs • Symptoms & Signs- • Feeling of sadness• Social cutoff • Reduced Motivation• Helplessness• Suicidal Tendency

Early Diagnosi

s

• Pharmacological: SSRIs(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)-Fluoxetine Treatment

Warning signs (prodromal symptoms)

7/12

Seeing hearing things

which are not there

confused, hard to

cope with life

Anxious,find hard to sleep or sleep more than usual

Seclusion, feeling of extreme high and

lowSelf

inflicted injuries, Suicidal thoughts

Changes in school

performance hyperactivityconc. loss

TERTIARY PREVENTION

8/12

Disability limitation

Family support

Compliance towards long term

medications

De addiction

Counseling

9/12

Rehabilitation Community residential

services

Workplace accommodations

Social and family support

Coping skills and activity of daily life and socializing

Support employment

Institutionalization

Ecological:Reduce potential stressors And create social support

Individual centered:Developing skills and

social interaction

National Mental Health Programme

10/12

Launched in 1982, presently covers 94 districts in India

Objectives: Availability and accessibility of

mental health care for all Encourage application of mental

health knowledge Promote community

participation

Programme Strategies: Integration of mental health with

primary health care Provision of tertiary care

institution to provide mental health services.

Eradicating Stigmatization

Components of District Mental health Programme:• Training programmes of all workers in identified nodal institute.• Public education in mental health to increase awareness and reduce stigma.• For early detection and treatment the OPD and indoor services are provided.• Providing data and experience to state and center for further planning and actions.

11/12

Celebrities with mental disorders

12/12

John Nash

Mel Gibsin

Howard Hughes

Michael Phelps

Kurt CobainHeath LedgerParveen Babi

It is an odd paradox that a society, which can now speak openly and unabashedly about topics that were once unspeakable, still remains largely silent when it comes to mental illness.

- Glenn Close

Flu, HolidayNjoyyyyy ?

THANK YOU