Mental Health Challenge-Based Learning Presentation
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NUR1022 Public Health
Challenge Based Learning
Topic: Mental Health
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What is mental health about?
a state of well-being
can cope with the normal stresses of life
can work productively and fruitfully
to make a contribution to his or her community
(World Health Organization, 2011).
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(AM730, 2011)(Man, 2012)
(Ming Pao Health, 2013)
Mental health is important and highly related to stages of
life!
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Mental Health
How we handle stress
Social
Psychological
Emotional
What is stress?A non-specific response of the body to any demand for change (Hans Selye, 1936)
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The Challenge:To conduct a survey of stress level in tertiary education students, and to provide health education to them.
Survey
Health education
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How do we measure the stress level in tertiary education students?
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales(DASS)
抑鬱焦慮壓力測量表 Psychology Foundation of Australia
(Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995)
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The DASS is a set of self-report scales designed to measure the negative
emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
Designed for person over 17 years old
3 scales: Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Each scale contain 14 items
Total 42 items should be answered
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Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
The questionnaire were completed on the web by students anonymously
Survey
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Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
Responders should choose the answer best describe him/her in the 4-point frequency scales (0-4 points)
Meaning:0 - Did not apply to me at all1 - Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time2 - Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time3 - Applied to me very much, or most of the time
I’ve dry mouth
sometimes.
He gets 1 point in this question.
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Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
Responder can sum up the points according to the three scales: depression, anxiety, and stress after answering all 42 questions
Evaluation Table:
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Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS)
Interpretation of the DASS should be carried out by qualified professional such as a clinical psychologist
Our groups manually sent email to the responder with the test result and some general recommendation on coping stress.
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DASS Questionnaires - Result
114 students responded to our questionnaire in total
Deduct 12 students that gave the wrong e-mail address
102 students reply our online questionnaire
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Depression Scale
Normal
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Extremely severe
60 students (58.82%) suffer in depression
Level of depression Number of responder
Normal 42
Mild 2
Moderate 26
Severe 10
Extremely severe 22
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Anxiety Scale
Normal
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Extremely severe
76 students (74.51%) suffer in anxiety
Level of anxiety Number of responder
Normal 26
Mild 4
Moderate 18
Severe 12
Extremely severe 42
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Stress Scale
Normal
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Extremely severe
78 students (76.47%) suffer in stress
Level of stress Number of responder
Normal 24
Mild 8
Moderate 34
Severe 12
Extremely severe 24
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What do we observe from the result?
> 58.8% are suffer from depression.> 74.5% are suffer from anxiety.> 76.5% are suffer from stress.
More than half of the tertiary education students are under depression, anxiety or
stress.
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HKTIHCWG DASS study
Hong Kong Tertiary Institutions Health Care Working Group(HKTIHCWG) have done a DASS research during 2003 to 2004.
Total 7915 tertiary student responded to the questionnaire 63% girls; 37% boys 86% aged between 19 to 24
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Result comparison
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
HKTIHCWG (Depression)Stress Go Away (Depres-sion)HKTIHCWG (Anxiety)Stress Go Away (Anx-iety)HKTIHCWG (Stress)
The distribution of data obtained by Stress Go Away is similar to that by HKTIHCWG, but higher occurrence of depression case.
It can be explained due to the small sample size, and the sampling error.
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Result comparison
No. of participat
or
Studied object
Average score Severity
HKTIHCWG 7915Depression
AnxietyStress
8.669.3613.97
NormalMildNormal
Stress Go Away 102Depression
AnxietyStress
15.8816.3821.08
ModerateSevereModerate
Hong Kong people
(Taouk et al., 2001)
729Depression
AnxietyStress
5.356.5411.17
NormalNormalNormal
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We decided to do something for the tertiary education students!
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What to do to promote mental health in tertiary education student?
We identified several aims in implementing mental health promotion…
Health education
Provide related information
Arouse awareness on mental health
Recommend ways to cope with stress
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Set up a facebook fan page
Why to choose Facebook? The most popular mass media for teenagers
Easy to interact with tertiary students
壓力鬆鬆 Zone
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Objectives
To provide information about stress
To recommend means to assess stress(e.g. DASS) and ways to relieve stress
To beware of the status of mental health of self and others
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Contents of Facebook page
News
To raise the awareness on mental health
Clip arts and information
• What stress is
• Sort out the possible sources of stress
• How people perceive stress
• Possible attributes of stress
• Etc.
DASS questionnaire
Tool to assess ownstress level
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Health promotion event in campus
Date: 17th October, 2013
Time: 1330-1530
Venue: Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Number of participants: Nearly 30
走進校園為你打打氣
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Objectives
To approach tertiary students in a direct way
To promote the awareness of mental health
To share the stress feelings through conversations
To provide ways to relieve stress
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Video
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Preparations
Card board For the promotion of the event and Facebook fans page
Paper bags For one of the tricks(blowing air to release stress)
Mobile devices
For people to “like” our Facebook fans page immediately
Sweets As reward for participatingThis event can be sustain with volunteer to do across
campus.
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Evaluation – For the DASS survey The DASS questionnaire is easy to administrate, and
simple for us to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress of our target group
Number of participantso Total 102 responses, it is satisfactory for us to find out
the trend of the stress level
o The result is similar compare with the CUHK report
Sending e-mail for the test resulto Responder willing to fill in their e-mail address for the
result
o We can provide brief information about depression, anxiety, and stress, and encourage seeking for professional aid
o Promote for “like” our Facebook fan page
Questionnaire is a useful tool for students to evaluate their status of mental health, to
motivate them to find methods to reduce stress, and coherence with our Facebook fans page
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Evaluation – For facebook page
Number of people followingo To evaluate the number of the people
participating the programme
Number of “like”o To evaluate the proportion of the
students following our page
Resource of information posted is well supported with academic references
Keep updating the pageo To maintain the programme and expand benefit
to the students
Facebook page is a convenient and sustainable media to reach our target group. The information can influence students if it can be present in a interesting
way.
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Evaluation – For PolyU event
Number of participantso Nearly 30 students participate in this event within
2 hours, only 5 people rejected our invitation
Respond from the studentso They enjoyed our event and agree with our event
rational: a simple act can relieve stress
o They said they will try the tricks when they feel stress and promote to their fellows
o Some of them requested to take photo with our group
o Students like our facebook page immediately
The event is an effective mode of promotion. Students are eager to participate in the event. The echo are greater than we expected, even the students pass
by can notice our event and follow our page.
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Self-Evaluation
Regular meet upo To evaluate process of work, define goal, brainstorm
ideas, and distribute work
Evaluation session immediately after the health promotion event in PolyU to review the challenges, effectiveness, and discuss for follow-up actions
Advice seeking from our instructors regularly to comment on the feasibility and acceptability of our action
Each of us participate in the work and are responsible
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References• AM730. (2011, June 23). 調查發現八成五人受困擾 失眠或抑鬱症先兆 . Am730.
Retrieved from http://www.am730.com.hk/article.php?article=61699
• Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138,32.
• Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd. Ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
• Ming Pao Health. (2013, November 11). 「睇開啲」掃不走抑鬱 . Ming Pao. Retrieved from http://www.mingpaohealth.com/cfm/health3.cfm?File=20131111/cele/yaa2.txt
• Psychology Foundation of Australia. (2013). Lu Hui Chun adaptation of DASS. Retrieved November 26, 2013, from http://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass/Chinese/Taiwanese%20DASS%20Lu%20Hui%20Chun.pdf
• Man, P. (2012, May 23). One in six falls victim to those dark moods. The Standard. Retrieved from http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=122710&con_type=1
• World Health Organization. (2011). Mental health: a state of well-being. Retrieved November 26, 2013, from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/
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Q&A Session