Mental and Emotional Mental and Emotional HealthHealth

What Is Mental Health?What Is Mental Health?

Refers to the successful performance Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity. cope with adversity.

Mental Disorder In AmericaMental Disorder In America

Mood Disorders Mood Disorders SchizophreniaSchizophrenia Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders Eating DisordersEating Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)(ADHD) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)(ADHD) AutismAutism Alzheimer’s DiseaseAlzheimer’s Disease

Mood DisordersMood Disorders

Approximately 20.9 million American adults, Approximately 20.9 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population or about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year, have a age 18 and older in a given year, have a mood disorder.mood disorder.

The median age of onset for mood disorders The median age of onset for mood disorders is 30 years. is 30 years.

Depressive disorders often co-occur with Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders and substance abuse. anxiety disorders and substance abuse.

Mood DisordersMood Disorders

Major Depressive DisordersMajor Depressive Disorders

Dysthymic Disorders Dysthymic Disorders

Bipolar DisordersBipolar Disorders

SuicideSuicide

Major Depressive Disorders: Major Depressive Disorders: Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms

This is when a person is feeling down, This is when a person is feeling down, low, and hopeless for weeks at a time.low, and hopeless for weeks at a time.– Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood.Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood.– Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism.Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism.– Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness.Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness.– Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and

activities that were once enjoyed.activities that were once enjoyed.

Dysthymic DisordersDysthymic Disorders

Symptoms of dysthymic disorder Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression) must persist (chronic, mild depression) must persist for at least two years in adults (one year for at least two years in adults (one year in children).in children).

Dysthymic disorder affects approximately Dysthymic disorder affects approximately 1.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 1.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. and older in a given year.

Bipolar DisordersBipolar Disorders

Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6 million American adults, or about 2.6 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. older in a given year.

The median age of onset for bipolar The median age of onset for bipolar disorders is 25 years. disorders is 25 years. – Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a

brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. person's mood, energy, and ability to function.

Con’tCon’t

Typically develops in late adolescence or Typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. early adulthood.

Can result in damaged relationships, poor Can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even job or school performance, and even suicide. suicide.

Causes dramatic mood swings—from Causes dramatic mood swings—from overly "high" and/or irritable to sad and overly "high" and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between. periods of normal mood in between.

What Are the Symptoms of What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar Disorder?

Increased energy, activity, and restlessness.Increased energy, activity, and restlessness.

Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood.Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood.

Extreme irritability.Extreme irritability.

Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another.idea to another.

Distractibility, can't concentrate well.Distractibility, can't concentrate well.

Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers

Con’tCon’t Poor judgment Poor judgment

A lasting period of behavior that is different from A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual.usual.

Increased sexual drive.Increased sexual drive.

Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications.sleeping medications.

Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior.Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior.

Denial that anything is wrong.Denial that anything is wrong.

Suicide FactsSuicide Facts

In 2004, 32,439 (approximately 11 per 100,000) In 2004, 32,439 (approximately 11 per 100,000) people died by suicide in the U.S. people died by suicide in the U.S.

More than 90 percent of people who kill More than 90 percent of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, most commonly a depressive disorder or a most commonly a depressive disorder or a substance abuse disorder. substance abuse disorder.

Four times as many men as women die by suicide.Four times as many men as women die by suicide.

however, women attempt suicide two to three however, women attempt suicide two to three times as often as men. times as often as men.

Facts Con’tFacts Con’t Highest rates: Highest rates:

Non-Hispanic Whites — 12.9 per 100,000 Non-Hispanic Whites — 12.9 per 100,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives — 12.4 per 100,000 American Indian and Alaska Natives — 12.4 per 100,000

Lowest rates: Lowest rates: – Non-Hispanic Blacks — 5.3 per 100,000 Non-Hispanic Blacks — 5.3 per 100,000

Asian and Pacific Islanders — 5.8 per 100,000 Asian and Pacific Islanders — 5.8 per 100,000 Hispanics — 5.9 per 100,000 Hispanics — 5.9 per 100,000

Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme distress, not harmless bids for attention.distress, not harmless bids for attention.

A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and needs immediate mental-health treatment. needs immediate mental-health treatment.

SchizophreniaSchizophrenia Approximately 2.4 million American adults, or Approximately 2.4 million American adults, or

about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and older in a given year, have schizophrenia. older in a given year, have schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency. frequency.

Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late teens or early twenties. late teens or early twenties.

In contrast, women are generally affected in their In contrast, women are generally affected in their twenties or early thirties. twenties or early thirties.

Con’tCon’t Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling

brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over the world. people all over the world.

People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others don’t hear, believe that others are others don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. harm them.

They become fearful and withdrawn and cause They become fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships difficulties when they try to have relationships with others. with others.

What are the symptoms of What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? schizophrenia?

Positive symptoms-Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or are unusual thoughts or perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorders of movement. thought disorder, and disorders of movement.

Negative symptoms-Negative symptoms- represent a loss or a represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life. express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life.

Cognitive symptoms-Cognitive symptoms- (or cognitive deficits) are (or cognitive deficits) are problems with attention, certain types of problems with attention, certain types of memory, and the executive functions that allow memory, and the executive functions that allow us to plan and organize. us to plan and organize.

Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias.anxiety disorder, and phobias.

Approximately 40 million American adults Approximately 40 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent of people in this age group in a given year, of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder. have an anxiety disorder.

Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse. depressive disorders or substance abuse.

Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

Approximately 6 million American Approximately 6 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 2.7 adults ages 18 and older, or about 2.7 percent of people in this age group in percent of people in this age group in a given year, have panic disorder.a given year, have panic disorder.

Panic disorder typically develops in Panic disorder typically develops in early adulthood (median age of onset early adulthood (median age of onset is 24), but the age of onset extends is 24), but the age of onset extends throughout adulthood. throughout adulthood.

What is Panic Disorder?What is Panic Disorder?

Sudden attacks of terror, usually Sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by:accompanied by:

Pounding heart Pounding heart Sweatiness Sweatiness Weakness Weakness Faintness Faintness Dizziness Dizziness

This can be successfully treated.This can be successfully treated.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)(OCD)

Approximately 2.2 million American Approximately 2.2 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 1.0 adults age 18 and older, or about 1.0 percent of people in this age group in percent of people in this age group in a given year, have OCD. a given year, have OCD.

The first symptoms of OCD often begin The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence, during childhood or adolescence, however, the median age of onset is however, the median age of onset is 19. 19.

What is OCD?What is OCD?

OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). repetitive behaviors (compulsions).

Obsessions- hand washing, counting, Obsessions- hand washing, counting, checking, or cleaning.checking, or cleaning.

Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)(PTSD)

Approximately 7.7 million American Approximately 7.7 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 3.5 adults age 18 and older, or about 3.5 percent of people in this age group in percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD. a given year, have PTSD.

PTSD can develop at any age, PTSD can develop at any age, including childhood, median age of including childhood, median age of onset is 23 years. onset is 23 years.

What is PTSD?What is PTSD?

An anxiety disorder that can develop An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. harm occurred or was threatened.

Violent personal assaults, natural or Violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat may trigger PTSD.or military combat may trigger PTSD.

Generalized Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)(GAD)

Approximately 6.8 million American Approximately 6.8 million American adults, or about 3.1 percent of people adults, or about 3.1 percent of people age 18 and over, have GAD in a given age 18 and over, have GAD in a given year. year.

GAD can begin across the life cycle, GAD can begin across the life cycle, though the median age of onset is 31 though the median age of onset is 31 years old years old

What is GAD?What is GAD?

An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it. when there is little or nothing to provoke it.

Accompanied by physical symptoms, Accompanied by physical symptoms, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes. flashes.

Social PhobiaSocial Phobia

Approximately 15 million American Approximately 15 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 6.8 adults age 18 and over, or about 6.8 percent of people in this age group in percent of people in this age group in a given year, have social phobia.a given year, have social phobia.

Social phobia begins in childhood or Social phobia begins in childhood or adolescence, typically around 13 adolescence, typically around 13 years of age. years of age.

What is Social Phobia?What is Social Phobia?

An anxiety disorder characterized by An anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social consciousness in everyday social situations. situations.

Fear of speaking in formal or informal situations Fear of speaking in formal or informal situations

May be so broad that a person experiences May be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost anytime they are around other symptoms almost anytime they are around other people. people.

Con’tCon’t

Have a persistent, intense, and chronic Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by fear of being watched and judged by others and being embarrassed or others and being embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions. humiliated by their own actions.

Their fear may be so severe that it Their fear may be so severe that it interferes with work or school, and other interferes with work or school, and other ordinary activities. ordinary activities.

Physical symptoms such as blushing, Physical symptoms such as blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, and profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking. difficulty talking.

Agoraphobia Agoraphobia

Approximately 1.8 million American Approximately 1.8 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 0.8 adults age 18 and over, or about 0.8 percent of people in this age group in percent of people in this age group in a given year, have agoraphobia a given year, have agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder.without a history of panic disorder.

The median age of onset of The median age of onset of agoraphobia is 20 years of age. agoraphobia is 20 years of age.

What is Agoraphobia?What is Agoraphobia?

AgoraphobiaAgoraphobia involves intense fear and involves intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult, where escape might be difficult, leading to avoidance of these leading to avoidance of these situations.situations.

being alone outside of the home. being alone outside of the home.

traveling in a car, bus, or airplane. traveling in a car, bus, or airplane.

or being in a crowded area. or being in a crowded area.

Specific Phobia Specific Phobia

Approximately 19.2 million American Approximately 19.2 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 8.7 adults age 18 and over, or about 8.7 percent of people in this age group in a percent of people in this age group in a given year, have some type of specific given year, have some type of specific phobia. phobia.

Specific phobia typically begins in Specific phobia typically begins in childhood; the median age of onset is childhood; the median age of onset is seven years. seven years.

What is Specific Phobia?What is Specific Phobia?

Specific phobiaSpecific phobia involves marked and involves marked and persistent fear and avoidance of a persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. specific object or situation.

Eating DisordersEating Disorders Females are much more likely than males to develop Females are much more likely than males to develop

an eating disorder. an eating disorder.

In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia, and an percent of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent suffer from estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia. bulimia.

The mortality rate among people with anorexia has The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6 percent per decade, which is about approximately 5.6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all causes of death among females ages 15-24 in the causes of death among females ages 15-24 in the general population. general population.

What are Eating Disorders?What are Eating Disorders?

The three main types of eating The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

Anorexia- People with this disorder see Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. they are dangerously thin. – Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform

the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge. relieved once they purge.

Con’tCon’t

– Anorexia- People with this disorder see Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. dangerously thin.

– Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.they purge.

– frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia bulimia

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD, one of the most common ADHD, one of the most common mental disorders in children and mental disorders in children and adolescents, also affects an estimated adolescents, also affects an estimated 4.1 percent of adults, ages 18-44, in a 4.1 percent of adults, ages 18-44, in a given year. given year.

Becomes evident in preschool or early Becomes evident in preschool or early elementary years. elementary years.

What is ADHD?What is ADHD?

have impaired functioning in multiple have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and in settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers.relationships with peers.

– Impulsiveness: Acts without thinking first.Impulsiveness: Acts without thinking first.

– Hyperactivity: Can’t sit still for long periods of Hyperactivity: Can’t sit still for long periods of time.time.

– Inattention: Day dreams and gets side tracked Inattention: Day dreams and gets side tracked easily.easily.

AutismAutism A recent study reported the prevalence of autism A recent study reported the prevalence of autism

in 3-10 year-olds to be about 3.4 cases per 1000 in 3-10 year-olds to be about 3.4 cases per 1000 children. children.

Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and generally are diagnosed by age three. generally are diagnosed by age three.

Autism is about four times more common in boys Autism is about four times more common in boys than girls.than girls.

However girls, tend to have more severe However girls, tend to have more severe symptoms and greater cognitive impairment. symptoms and greater cognitive impairment.

What is Autism?What is Autism?

Cause severe and pervasive Cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to language, and the ability to relate to others. others.

Alzheimer's DiseaseAlzheimer's Disease Affects an estimated 4.5 million Americans.Affects an estimated 4.5 million Americans.

The number of Americans with AD has more than The number of Americans with AD has more than doubled since 1980. doubled since 1980.

Most common cause of dementia among people Most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. age 65 and older.

In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear after age 65. after age 65.

Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s.Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s.