Meneghetti S.; Costacurta A.; Calò A.
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Transcript of Meneghetti S.; Costacurta A.; Calò A.
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Meneghetti S.; Costacurta A.; Calò A.
EVALUATION OF THE INTRA-VARIETAL VARIABILITY OF GRAPEVINE (II)
OIV
Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin
Paris, le 18 mars 2009
VITCENTRO DI RICERCA PER LA VITICOLTURA di Conegliano
ITALY
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GRAPEVINE VARIABILITY
The great morphological and genetic variability that characterize the genus Vitis is the principal problem about grapevine cultivars identification. Biotype identification in viticulture have traditionally solved using ampelography, ampelometry and chemical traits analysis.
The DNA molecular analyses with ampelography, ampelometry and chemistry, are essential for a sure grapevine identification (SSR) and to investigate the genetic difference among Vitis vinifera clones.
SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) & SSR new generation (3-5 n)
SAMPL (Selective Amplification of Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci)
M-SAP (Methyl-Sensitive Amplified length Polymorphism) REMAP (REtrotransposon-Microsatellite Amplified Polymorphism)
RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)
I-SSR (Inter-microsatellites)
SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)
IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) Chloroplast DNA polymorphisms
S-SAP (Specific Sequence Amplified Polymorphism)
GRAPEVINE & MOLECULAR MARKERS
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SSR grape identification (DI-NUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES)
Silver Staining
PAA gel
Sequencer (gel)
Laser
Sequencer (gel) Sequencer (capillary)
SSR grape identification
133 bp 155 bp
Size VITIS
Size standard
Sequencer (capillary)
CCD camera5 colors
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VVS2 6-FAM (151 bp) VVS2 TET (151 bp)
1 amplification product at -2 bp
4 amplification product (-2, -4, -6, +2 bp)
6FAM - blue
VIC - green ?
size standard
145
155
Allelic standard
123
125
133
131
135
137
129127
139
145143
141
147
151
149153 155
ABOUT DI-NUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES
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The 19 grapevine chromosomes and the distribution of the new 38 SSR markers
TETRA-NUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES
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TETRA-NUCLEOTIDE MICROSATELLITES
175 bp
222 bp
222 bp 239 bp
Cultivar: CABERNET FRANC
Locus SSR: 1a (222-239 bp)
Cultivar: BARBERA
Locus SSR: 1a (175-222 bp)
RAW DATA
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218 – 226 bp
222 // bp = 4bp
LAMBRUSCO MARANI
MALVASIA B.DI CANDIA
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In order to compare the variability of grapevine cultivated in Italy from a long time with the cultivars of recently introduction we have analyzed Primitivo, Garganega and Merlot genotypes at 1) morphological and 2) molecular level.
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PRIMITIVO
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In ancient vineyards sited in typical cultivation areas (Taranto province, Gioia del Colle) of Primitivo new researches have been done to evaluate its genetic variability.
Overall based on bunch (shape, size, density) and berry (size, colour of skin) characteristics 46 vines have been identified.
Five typologies called A-E have been identified by means of ampelographic, phyllometric and DNA (SSR, AFLP, M-AFLP) analyses.
RIF: A. Calò, G. Masi, L. Tarricone, A. Costacurta, S. Meneghetti, M. Crespan, R. Carraro (2008): Ricerche sulla variabilità del Primitivo (V. vinifera L.) in Puglia – Search for Primitivo (V. vinifera L.) variability in Apulia. Riv. Vitic. Enol. 1: p. 3-13.
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VVS2 VVMD5 VVMD7 VVMD27 VVMD28 VrZAG 62
133 143 226 236 247 249 179 181 251 261 199 203
VrZAG 79 VMC6E1 VMC6F1 VMC6G1 VMCNG4b9
236 258 141 165 139 139 177 177 150 164
SSR Profile of Primitivo at 11 Loci
1) Six accession of Primitivo with different morphological characteristics were analyzed
3) In order to find intravarietal variability, AFLP, SAMPL and M-AFLP molecular markers were performed
2) For the varietal identification, microsatellite analyses confirmed that these 6 accessions were the same cultivar showed the typical SSR profile of Primitivo
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Bunches of the five Primitivo typologies
A typology
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Leaves of the five Primitivo typologies
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Eco+C / Mse+A
AFLP polymorphisms among 6 Primitivo genotypes:
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M-AFLP & ISSR polymorphisms among 6 Primitivo biotypes:
1 2 3 4 5 61 2 3 4 5 6
All the Primitivo accessions showed a different molecular profile.
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DENDROGRAM of Primitivo6 tipologieprimitivo
Coefficient0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
1
1
4
6
2
3
5
Primitivo biotype B
Primitivo biotype D
Primitivo biotype A
Primitivo biotype C
Primitivo biotype E
Primitivo biotype RIF
6 tipologieprimitivo
Coefficient0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
1
1
4
6
2
3
5
0.80 0.900.85 0.95 1.00
Dice’s Genetic Similarity Coefficient
All the Primitivo genotypes were diversified by cluster analysis using AFLP-derived markers.
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GARGANEGA
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VVS2 VVMD5 VVMD7 VVMD27 VVMD28 VrZAG 62
181 181 226 232 249 253 179 194 239 251 199 199
VrZAG 79 VMC6E1 VMC6F1 VMC6G1 VMCNG4b9
250 250 141 165 133 139 177 187 176 178
SSR Profile of Garganega at 11 Loci
1) Nine accession of Garganega with different morphological characteristics were analyzed
3) In order to find intravarietal variability, AFLP, SAMPL and M-AFLP molecular markers were performed
2) For the varietal identification, microsatellite analyses confirmed that these 9 accessions were the same cultivar showed the typical SSR profile of Garganega
Garganega is cultivated for centuries ago in Veneto region according to Pier de Crescenzi in "Opus ruralium commodorum" at the end of 1200 (citation).
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Bunches of Garganega
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AFLP: Pst + AT / Mse+ AAG
high genetic variability
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DENDROGRAM of Garganega
All the Garganega genotypes were diversified by cluster analysis using AFLP-derived markers.
6 tipologieprimitivo
Coefficient0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
1
1
4
6
2
3
5
0.80 0.900.85 0.95 1.00
Garganega 1
Garganega 8
Garganega 9
Garganega 4
Garganega 7
Garganega 3
Garganega 6
Garganega 5
Garganega 2
Dice’s Genetic Similarity Coefficient
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MERLOT
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VVS2 VVMD5 VVMD7 VVMD27 VVMD28 VrZAG 62
139 151 226 236 239 247 189 191 231 237 193 193
VrZAG 79 VMC6E1 VMC6F1 VMC6G1 VMCNG4b9
258 258 151 151 133 139 169 191 162 172
SSR Profile of Merlot at 11 Loci
1) Fifteen accession of Merlot were analyzed.
3) In order to find intravarietal variability, AFLP, SAMPL and M-AFLP molecular markers were performed.
2) For the varietal identification, microsatellite analyses confirmed that these 15 accessions were the same cultivar showed the typical SSR profile of Merlot.
The Merlot is a cultivar of recent cultivation in Italy according to S. Mondini on “I Vitigni Stranieri da vino coltivati in Italia, 1903” - The foreign grapevines for wine cultivated in Italy: “Merlot is present in the collections of marquis Incisa in Piedmont region (Rocchetta Tanaro) on 1850” (citation).
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ISVFV2 ISVFV5 ISVFV6
Bunches of Merlot
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Five Merlot molecular profiles were diversified by cluster analysis using AFLP-derived markers.
DENDROGRAM of Merlot
Merlot 6
Merlot 1Merlot 2Merlot 3Merlot 4
Merlot 7Merlot 8
Merlot 9Merlot 14
Merlot 15Merlot 11Merlot 13Merlot 12
Merlot 10Merlot 5
6 tipologieprimitivo
Coefficient0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00
1
1
4
6
2
3
5
0.80 0.900.85 0.95 1.00Dice’s Genetic Similarity Coefficient
1
2
3
4
5
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CONCLUSIONS
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M-AFLP: MD27f / Mse+ AGG
9/9=100%
9 GARGANEGA 15 MERLOT 6 PRIMITIVO
9 profiles9 profiles
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5/15=33%
5 profiles5 profiles
1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 1 5 2 2
6/6=100%
6 profiles6 profiles
1 2 3 4 5 6
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G
P
M
DENDROGRAM(G = Garganega; P = Primitivo; M = Merlot)
There are 9 different genotypes of Garganega (9/9)
GS = 0.812
There are 5 different genotypes of Primitivo (5/5)GS = 0.853
Dice’s Genetic Similarity Coefficient
There are 5 different genotypes of Merlot (5/15)
GS = 0.913
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Analyses showed:
1) high morphological variability within the Primitivo accessions
2) high morphological variability within the Garganega accessions
3) low morphological variability within the Merlot accessions
4) The high morphological variability of cultivars corresponds to elevated intra-varietal genetic variability using molecular markers (Garganega and Primitivo from Italy)
5) The low morphological variability of Merlot accessions also corresponds to low intra-varietal genetic variability shown by the molecular markers
Correspondence between morphological and genetic variability
the grapevine cultivated for a long time (in Italy) show great variability (M&G) of those with more recent introduction/cultivation
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THANKS