Referencing Style

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ByBinod Kumar Yadav

Senior Librarian & Chief

Central LibraryB. P. Koirala Institute of Health sciences, Dharan, Nepal

Terminology

1. Citation A short note recognising a source of information.

Is a practice of referring to the work of others in the text of your own piece of work.

Referring in the text to the source of information used

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Referring in the text to the source of information used i.e. reference

2. Reference A list containing the details only of those works

(sources) cited in the text.

Terminology contd…

3. Bibliography

Greek word ‘bibliographia’ literally “book writing”.

A list of books/documents relevant to a particular

subject.

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subject.

A list of sources not cited in the text but referred to in preparing the work

List of relevant items not necessarily cited in your text.

Order

- Alphabetical by specific subject or author.

Citation & Reference

Citation Reference

- Citing is when you refer in the - Referencing is where you create

text to the source of information a list of the source used.

- Cited in the text - Appears at the end of the work.

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Demonstration:

- Numerically ascending - Listed numerically in the same

order order that they have been cited

or in the text

text (author-date system) or

Alphabetical order by author surname

with date

Citation & Reference contd..

Punctuation marks and space are very important in the reference and citation.

Should be followed the preferred style consistently.

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Should be followed the preferred style consistently.

Refer to notes/instruction for author of the specific journal/document

Referencing Style

The Vancouver system – used in medical and scientific journal

The Harvard system

Chicago manual of style

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American Psychological Association (APA)- Psychology,

education and other social sciences

American Medical Association (AMA) – Medicine &

biological sciences

Modern Language Association (MLA)- literature & arts

Referencing Style contd..

Why do we need reference?

To give credit to the ideas/works of other authors.

To allow others (readers) to find the original sources

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To allow others (readers) to find the original sources

easily (cited reference)

To make the work informative. (Quality)

To get recognition & authentication of the work.

To address the issue of plagiarism

Referencing Style contd..

Plagiarism

Examples:

the verbatim copying of others work without

acknowledgement.

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the close paraphrasing of others work by simply

changing a few words of altering the order of

presentation.

the unacknowledged quotation of phrases.

Referencing Style contd..

Elements in the reference list

1. Author

2. Title of document

3. Date ( year of publication)

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3. Date ( year of publication)

4. place of publication

5. Edition

6. Periodicity (volume/ issue/ part number)

7. Series

Referencing Style contd..

Sources of Information

1. Book

2. Journal

3. Newspaper / magazine

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3. Newspaper / magazine

4. Conference paper/proceedings

5. Annual report

6. Institutional / Government publication

7. Electronic sources- Website, CD-ROM, Databases

8. Theses/ Reports/ unpublished works

Referencing Style contd..

Format of book in various system

Harvard: surname, initial/first name., year. Title in italics. Edition.

Place of publication:publisher.

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Chicago: surname, initial/first name. year. Title in italics. Edition.

Place of publication:publisher.

Vancouver: surname initials. Title. Edition. Place of

publication: publisher; year.

Referencing Style contd..

Format of book in various system

APA: Surname, initial. (year). Title. Edition. Place: Publisher.

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AMA: Surname initial. Title. Edition. Place: publisher; year.

MLA : surname, forename. Title. Edition. Place: publisher, year.

Referencing Style contd..

Format of journal in various system

Harvard: Surname, initials., Year.Title of article. Journal name

- italicised, volume number( issue number), pp. pages.

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Chicago: surname, initial/first name. year. Title of article. Title of

journal. Volume number (issue number): pages.

Vancouver: surname initials. Title of article. Title of journal in

abbreviated date/year;volume(issue):pages.

Software enhanced SystemSoftware enhanced System

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Managing References :Mendeley

Mendeley is free academic software (Win, Mac & Linux) to manage, share, read, annotate and cite your research papers...

...and a research network to manage your papers online, discover research trends and statistics, and to connect to like-minded researchers.

Problem statement…

Your paperarticlearticlearticlearticle

Your topic:

citations

reference list/bibliography

• Lots of typing• Lost references• Mistakes

bookbook

conference paperconference paperconference paper

citations

Use a reference management tool!

Your article

articlearticlearticlearticle

citations

bookbook

conference paperconference paperconference paper

Mendeley,Zotero

EndNote Etc.

reference list/bibliography

Reference management softwares

• Tools that help scholars to create and manage their lists of references for research projects.

• Most tools are designed to organize citations into specific • Most tools are designed to organize citations into specific formats for the preparation of manuscripts and bibliographies.

• Many search tools provide ways to download references into reference management tools.

What is Mendeley?What is Mendeley?

Answer, please.

Syncs Desktop & Web applications

Desktop – a free academic software to manage, share, read, annotate and cite your research papers

Web - a research network to manage your papers online, discover research trends and statistics, and to connect to like-minded researchers

This is the Web version of Mendeley which is used to manage your papers online.

Main menu or Function menu

My Library/ Collections

References

Collections

References

This is the Desktop version of Mendeley which is used to manage, annotate and cite your research papers offline.

Collections

Filters

Reference details

Remember 1

1. Open your preferred web browser (IE, Firefox, Chrome, etc.)

2. Go to the website: www.mendeley.com

3. Sign up for an account and download the Mendeley Desktop.

4. Verify your account. Open the email address that you

use during the sign up/registration.

Sign up with facebook

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Creating your Mendeley Library

There are several ways:• Search references within the Mendeley website • Add a PDF• Add a folder of PDFs• Drag and drop PDFs in Mendeley Desktop

Import/export to and from other reference • Import/export to and from other reference management software

• Add reference manually • Watch folders to automatically add PDFs to

Mendeley Desktop• One-click Web Importer

Mendeley Desktop

Click & Search

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Click

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Save references Save references to libraryto library

Sync Library feature from Mendeley Desktop. By enabling this feature you are able to access your PDF files in your Mendeley Web library.

In Mendeley Desktop, click Add Documents, browse to the location of the pdf and click the Open button.

Click Add Folder, browse to the location of the folder. Then click the OK button.

Export and Import to and from other reference management software

Add Entry manually

Use Watch folders to automatically add PDFs to Mendeley Desktop.

When you place a document in a watched folder, it will be automatically added to Mendeley

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Web Importer helps to import references and

documents from a wide range of academic databases with a single click.

In addition to this it lets you save a snapshot of any webpage you are viewing.

To install it, click Tools – Install Web Importer.

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The Web Importer can import documents from different sites including PubMed.

40In this example, we will use the Web Importer to import documents from PubMed.We will do a search in PubMed, then go to Favorites (IE) or Bookmarks (Firefox & Chrome) and click Save to Mendeley.Thenclick save all or relevant pdf/Document.

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Managing your documents and references

Check duplicates and merge duplicate author names, tags, or publications

Documents can be marked read/unread Documents can be marked read/unread

Search as you type

Annotate PDFs

File Organizer

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Occasionally when you are importing references into Mendeley Desktop, they can become duplicated.

We can find duplicates by selecting the Tools menu, and clicking the Check for Duplicates option. Then click confirm merge.

Unread

Read

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Documents can be marked read/unread.

Favorite

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We can mark your favorite documents with the star icon. Simply click to star, and click again to un-star. All favoritedocuments will appear in the Favorites Folder, which can refer back to them with one click.

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Search as you type.

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Annotate PDFs.Open a PDF in Mendeley's PDF viewer by clicking on the pdf icon.Add highlights and notes by clicking on the Highlight Text or Add Note buttons on the menu.

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Mendeley Desktop’s File Organizercan automatically rename your PDFs and file them in a clear folder structure.

Tools - Options - File Organizer tab

Citing references

Word and OpenOffice plug-in

How to cite references?

How to insert bibliography?

To be able to cite a document, generate a bibliography, or manually edit any entry,We should install the Word and OpenOffice plug-inin Mendeley Desktop.in Mendeley Desktop.

Go to Tools – Install MS Word Plugin.

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To insert citation, put the cursor where you want the citation inserted.

Click Insert Citation button then click Go to Mendeley.

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Select the article, then click Cite icon

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Optional : Type keywords (i.e., author, title or year) in the search box after clicking Insert Citation (instead of clicking Go to Mendeley) .Then, click the corresponding article to insert the citation.

To insert the bibliography, put the cursor where you want the bibliography inserted.

Then click Insert Bibliography and all the cited references will be added to your paper.

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cited references will be added to your paper.

To insert the bibliography, put the cursor where you want the bibliography inserted.

Then click Insert Bibliography and all the cited references will be added to your paper.

Sharing Documents and References (cont.)

• How to create a group

• Adding members and documents

• Using groups

We can create a group by clicking We can create a group by clicking on Create Group.

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In this example, we will create a group named Dialysis with group description –Medical professionals and click Create Group.

Sharing Documents and References (cont.)

Three types of groups:

• Private Groups – These are invite-only groups whose content will only be visible to members of the group. members of the group.

• Public Invite-only Groups – These are groups which are visible to anyone, but only members can contribute to them.

• Public Open Groups – These are groups anyone may join and contribute to.

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We can view the documents of a group by going to the Documents tab.

To Add Documents, go to the group and click on Add documents in the top bar or simply drag and drop documents to the group (either from your Mendeley folders, or from anywhere else on your computer).

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The Overview tab shows a summary of what has happened in your Group.

This is the end of Module 5.2

Thank you for your patience

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