Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60...
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![Page 1: Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties. He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649de45503460f94adc0cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Mendeleev organized the elements by the properties.
He noticed a repeating pattern in the ~60 elements known at the time when he organized them by atomic mass!
Father of the Periodic TableDmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907)
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Gallium
Germanium
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Two Years Later…
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Father of the Modern Periodic Table
• Henry Moseley (1887-1915) –in 1913, through his work with x-rays, Moseley discovers the actual nuclear charge of the elements, which we now call atomic numbers. Moseley then rearranges the periodic table by increasing atomic number. This is the periodic table we use today- the modern periodic table.
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Periodic Table Vocab
1. Periods - horizontal rows “side to side”
2. Groups or Families – vertical columns “up and down”.
3. Valence electrons – outermost electrons, farthest from the nucleus. Chemical properties depend on valence electrons.
Elements in the same group have similar properties!
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• Metals–Left of “stair step”–Good conductors of heat and
electricity–Ductile (can be made into thin
wire) and Malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets)
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• Nonmetals–Right of “stair step”–Generally poor conductors of
heat and electricity–Brittle (shatters if you hit it with
a hammer)
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• Metalloids –Touch the “stair step” (except
Aluminum.) –Have properties of both metal and
nonmetals.–Metalloids only conduct electricity
under certain conditions, which make them useful in the semi-conductors industry.
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Group 1: Alkali MetalsHighly reactive metals
– React violently with water!– One valence electron– Never found in elemental form in nature
• (You have to store them coated in mineral oil to keep them from reacting!
Alkali Metals
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Group 2: Alkaline Earth MetalsStill reactive, but not as much as the
alkali metals.
2 valence electrons
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Group 3-12: The Transition Metals
Transition Metals - metallic elements that have varying properties and belong to group 3 through 12 of the periodic table
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Groups 3-12: The Transition Metals
Inner Transition Elements- The inner transition metals are the two rows of elements that appear below the main body of the periodic table.
Lanthanides - shiny, metallic elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71.
Actinides - metallic elements with atomic numbers 89 through 103. RADIOACTIVE
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Groups 13-16Group 13- The Boron Family -3 valence e-
Group 14- The Carbon Family – 4 valence e-
Group 15- The Nitrogen Family – 5 valence e-
Group 16- The Oxygen Family – 6 valence e- (aka Chalcogens)
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Group 17: The Halogens
Halogens - elements that combine with most metals to form salts*
7 valence electrons
These elements are diatomic molecules (2 atoms bonded together) in their natural form.
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Group 17: The HalogensHalogens are highly reactive, and can be
harmful
Fluorine is the most reactive element in existence, even attacking glass
. It is a corrosive, highly toxic gas.
Chlorine and iodine are both used as disinfectants for drinking water, swimming pools, fresh wounds, dishes, and surfaces.
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Group 18: The Noble GasesNoble gases – gaseous elements with
EXTREMELY low reactivities8 valence electrons