8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

1/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 1 of 9

o Basi c Concept s

v the process of remembering things that can

be used in the present

v recall - the subject is tasked to produce a

remembered set of items which have been

previously given or reviewed

paired-associates

serial

free

v recognition - the individual is tasked torecognize a particular item/concept from

the other items

v cued recall combination of recall and

recognition

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

2/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 2 of 9

o Basi c Concept s

v procedural memory - works as implicit

memory because it involves recognition

and awareness of techniques and

procedures

v declarative memory - involves recognitionand understanding of the content of an

article, speech or any form of factual

information

v implicit memory - the subject is not aware

that he performs such memory task

v explicit memory - the subject is aware that

he performs a particular memory task

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

3/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 3 of 9

o Mult i pl e-St or e Model of Memor y

v sensory store shortest memory storage

where the sensory information is stored and

can either be entered into the short-term or

long-term storage

composed of iconic store (visual memories)

and echoic store (auditory memories)

v short-term memory

an average individual can hold a set of

information for the duration of a couple of

minutes

memory processing procedures

encoding

storage

retrieval

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

4/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 4 of 9

o Mult i pl e-St or e Model of Memor y

v short-term memory

encoding sensory information - we normally

experience confusion in which we tend to

associate the similarities of particular items

acoustic confusability (R. Conrad)

rehearsal - we repeat a set of memory

information over and over again as a way of

keeping these data in the STM storage

maintenance rehearsal - the individualrepeats a word without focusing on its

thought

elaborative rehearsal - focuses on the items

meaning while, at the same time, repeating

it over and over again

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

5/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 5 of 9

o Mult i pl e-St or e Model of Memor y

v short-term memory

interference theory - claims that the stored

memory information is blocked with another

one

decay theory - refers to forgetting that

occurs a result of the passage of time

(Sternberg)

v long-term memory - stores information for

an indefinite period of time

involves the processes of rehearsal and

attempts to understand information in order

to transfer memory information stored in

the STM storage to the LTM storage

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

6/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 6 of 9

o Al t er nat i ve Models of Memory

v levels-of-processing model

claims that instead of looking at different

storage levels, information can be easily

retrieved by the way it is encoded

thorough encoding involves:

challenging yourself to answer specific

questions to clarify a specific sensory output

(memory information); and

devising ways on how to easily learn the

aforementioned concept

v Baddeleys model

working memory -phonological loop,

visuouspatial sketchpadand central

executive

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

7/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 7 of 9

o Al t er nat i ve Models of Memory

v parallel-processing model

working memory as the developed part ofthe long-term memory storage

the working memory is composed ofparalleled, but widely dispersed portions oflong-term memory

o Memory Di sor der s & Out st andi ng

Memories

v amnesia

only pertains to the reduction (or totallyloss) of explicit memory task

amnesia victims also experiencecontradictory performance in tasks thatinvolve declarative memory and proceduralmemory

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

8/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 8 of 9

o Memory Di sor der s & Out st andi ng

Memories

v amnesia

most of the victims experience poor

performance in declarative memory as

compared to the procedural memory due to

the prior learning activity

infantile amnesia - a condition wherein we

are unable to remember the things that

happened when we were still

infants/toddlers

retrograde amnesia - the victim is unable to

explicitly remember the events that

occurred before the trauma that caused the

memory loss

anterograde amnesia - the victim is unable

to explicitly remember the events that

occurred after the trauma that caused the

memory loss

Memory

8/12/2019 Memory Slides 1-9-001_001

9/9

Memory

General Psychology

* Property of STI

Page 9 of 9

o Memory Di sor der s & Out st andi ng

Memories

v mnemonist

a person who uses memory

techniques/methods to easily remember a

particular set of memory information

acronyms

categorical clustering

method of loci

interactive images

pegword system

acrostics

keyword system

Memory