Mr. Edward J. LeeProgram Manager

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Member University ProfessionalInstitute and Exhibition

1-5 March 2008

Approved for public release.

2

AFRL Core Work Areas

SpaceVehicles

Directed Energy

Munitions

Propulsion

HumanEffectiveness

Information

Air VehiclesSensors

AFOSR

Materials &Manufacturing

3

World-Wide Locations

Cologne, Germany (ML)Cologne, Germany (ML)

Hampshire, England (VS)Hampshire, England (VS)

Maui Island, HawaiiMaui Island, Hawaii(DE)(DE)

London, England (OSR)London, England (OSR)

OberpfaffenhoffenOberpfaffenhoffen,,Germany (OSR)Germany (OSR)

RamsteinRamstein, Germany (HE), Germany (HE)

Tokyo, Japan (OSR)Tokyo, Japan (OSR)GakonaGakona, AL (VS), AL (VS)

Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

4

Asian Office of Aerospace Researchand Development (AOARD)

• Ceramic Laser, Japan– Developed new fiber laser and significant

progress in high-power lasers– Larger project underway with co-funding from

NRL and interest from AFRL/DE

• Ti-6Al-4V (a + b) Alloys, Korea– Only Russians could produce this type of alloys– Required a lot of precise testing and evaluation– Discovered correlation of low-temp properties

with b grain size• Cracking in Fiber Composites, Singapore

– Developed novel elemental failure method– High-fidelity simulations now funded by Boeing

as part of 787 effort

AOARD is located in Tokyo, Japan with 18 PersonnelDirector: Dr. Ken Goretta

5

European Office of AerospaceResearch and Development (EOARD)

• Autonomous Agents for Air Traffic Control:Czech Technical University, Prague– Autonomously deconflict flight paths in congested

air operations.– Demonstrated in simulation with over 100 A/C

operating over a 10 mile x 10 mile area.

• Scintillation Network Decision Aid– Ground-based GPS scintillation detector network

at equatorial locations around globe– Involvement of African scientists also supports

EUCOM engagement goals

• High temperature magnetic shape memory Ni-Mn-Ga alloys (Ukrainian Materials Initiative)– Dr. Glavatska, Institute for Metal Physics, Ukraine– Designing of a new class of alloys with giant

magnetic field induced strain at 323+ K formechanical and magnetic actuators and sensors.

EOARD is located in London, England with 18Personnel. Commander: Col Stephen Pluntze

6

DoD Research Categories

6.1

6.2

6.3

BASICRESEARCH

APPLIEDRESEARCH

ADVANCEDTECHNOLOGY

DEVELOPMENT

Experiments andDemonstrations

Develops NewTechnologies

Produces NewKnowledge

Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

7

What is Basic Research?

Basic research is systematic study directed toward greaterknowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects ofphenomena and observable facts without specific applicationstowards processes or products in mind. It includes all scientificstudy and experimentation directed toward increasingfundamental knowledge and understanding in those fields ofphysical, engineering, environmental, and for technical progress.Basic research may lead to: (a) subsequent applied research andadvance technology developments in Defense-relatedtechnologies, and (b) new and improved military functionalcapabilities in areas such as communications, detection, tracking,surveillance, propulsion, mobility, guidance and control,navigation, energy conversion, materials and structures,personnel support.

DoD Financial Management Regulation Volume 2B, Chapter 5,Section 050201

8

AFOSR Roles

• Identify Breakthrough Research Opportunities – Here & Abroad– Regular interactions with leading scientists and engineers– Liaison offices in Europe and Asia, soon in Latin America– 217 short-term foreign visitors; 21 personnel exchanges– 95 summer faculty; 36 postdocs/senior scientists at AFRL

• Foster Revolutionary Basic Research for Air Force Needs– 1181 extramural research grants at 227 universities– 239 intramural research projects at AFRL, USAFA, AFIT– 149 STTR small business - university contracts– 500 fellowships; 1390 grad students, 570 post-docs on grants

• Transition Technologies to DOD and Industry– 100 workshops conducted; 145 conferences co-sponsored– 664 funded transitions in FY06 (~55% response rate)

9

Aerospace, Chemical& Materials Sciences

Mathematics,Information & Life

Sciences

Physics &Electronics

AFOSR Basic Research Areas

Sub-thrusts

Areas of Enhanced Emphasis- Complex Networks - Energy & Thermal Management- Robust Decision Making - Agile, Autonomous Flight- Adversarial Behavior Modeling - Space Situational Awareness

• Physics• Electronics• Space Sciences• Applied Math

• Structural Mechanics• Materials• Chemistry• Fluid Mechanics• Propulsion

• Info Sciences• Human Cognition• Mathematics• Biomimetics

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2% 3%

9%

8%

24%

54%

AFOSR Budget

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08

PE61102F Core $205M $217M $224M $250M $258M

PE61103F URI $105M $116M $105M $108M $104M

FY07 Total Budget: $456.7M

Core 6.1

URI

STTR

DARPA OSD

CII

Breakout of FY07 Budget (Core + URI)

31%

30%

35%

4%Int’l Aerospace

Chemical &Material

Sciences

Physics &Electronics

Math, Info &Life Sciences

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AFOSR Leads Basic ResearchFunding in Several Research Areas

• Hypersonics

• Laser and RF safety

• Cooperative, autonomous UAV control

• Ground-based space object sensing

• Materials for extreme environments

• Satellite micropropulsion

• Steganography and steganalysis

• Energetic ionic liquids

• Plasma dynamics for aerospace applications

12

AFOSR Supports UniversityIndividual Investigators

• Goals

– Provide revolutionary scientific breakthroughs tomaintain military air, space, and information superiority

– Build collaborations between AFRL and universities

• General Process

– Researchers submit white papers to AFOSR programmanagers

– Promising white papers lead to request for full proposals

– Proposal are merit reviewed for excellence and relevance

– Individual grants typically are for three years

• Broad Area Agency Announcement (BAA) is open atall times to good ideas http://www.afosr.af.mil/

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HBCU Core Program

• Broad Area Agency Announcement 2008-1 (BAA) isopen at all times to good ideas(http://www.afosr.af.mil/)

• Review Process– Primary evaluation criteria are research excellence

and Air Force relevance– All proposals are merit reviewed

• Partnerships with other funding agencies bringoutside funds to AFOSR for research support inareas of common interest

• Central to the success of this process is a cadre ofdedicated highly capable program managers

14

HBCU/MI Programs (ISP)

• DoD Infrastructure Support*– Proposals due in January 08– Solicitation open to all HBCU/MI– 3-year basic research project up to $100K/yr– Students (graduate/undergraduate) at $25K/yr

http://www.afosr.af.mil/pdfs/hbcu_isp06.pdf * Managed by the Army Research Office (ARO)• Content of the solicitation changes every year.

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AFOSR Supports MultidisciplinaryUniversity Research (MURI)

• Achieve significant scientific advances– Capture attention of top researchers– Build on results of individual-researcher grants– Encourage multidisciplinary collaboration

• Up to $1.5M/yr for five years• Typically 8 research topics per Service

– Occasional joint topics– One or two awards per topic

• http://www.afosr.af.mil/ResearchAreas/funding_otherOpp.htm

16

AFOSR Supports University-IndustryCollaborations (STTR)

• Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) program provides up to$850,000 for early-stage R&D directly to small companies workingcooperatively with research institutions(http://www.acq.osd.mil/sadbu/sbir/)– Company must be U.S. for-profit small business, 500 or less

employees– Research institution must be a U.S. college or university,

FFRDC, or non-profit research institution– Principal investigator must be employed at small business or

research institution• Air Force planning to support 29 topics for FY 08

– January 22, 2008: Solicitation issued for public release– February 19, 2008: DoD Began accepting proposals– March 19, 2008: Deadline for receipt of proposals– June 30, 2008: Contracts awarded

17

AFOSR Supports Tomorrow’s S&Es

• National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship- Full tuition assistance + $31K/per year stipend- Fellows do not incur any service obligation- Supports 500 PhD-track graduate students- More info: http://www.asee.org/ndseg

• Awards to Stimulate and Support Undergraduate Research Experience (ASSURE)- Provide undergraduates with research opportunities

in S&E fields of DoD interest- Supports 480 undergraduate students during summer months- More info: http://www.afosr.af.mil/ASSURE.htm

• Young Investigator Program (YIP)- Develop long-term relationships with leading junior PIs- 26 YIPs were awarded (3-year grants at $110K per year)- Additional 5 YIPs were selected by regular grant process

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Significant AFOSR Transitions

• Joint Precision Air Drop System(JPADS): Using GPS and electro-mechanical steering actuators allows cargobundles dropped from cargo planes to steerthemselves to drop zones.

• Coatings and Corrosion Program:Developed non-chromate conversioncoatings, primers, and top coats. Same costas the chromium-based primer but withouthealth and environmental risks.

• Thermal Dip Pen Nanolithography: Tool for fabricating nanostructures by

directly depositing molecules from “ink”-coated atomic force microscope tip onto a substrate.

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Significant AFOSR TransitionsCont.

• Physically-Constrained IterativeDeconvolution (PCID): PCID extracts mostrelevant information from image data byremoving atmospheric and system blurringto produce a single high-resolution image.

• Luminescent Polymers for ExplosiveSensing: New polymer has beendeveloped that allows rapid broad detectionof all military nitrogen-based highexplosives in a single applicationfluorescent test.

• Tough Nano-Composites: Advanced nano-coatings of ceramic grains

in a hard amorphous matrix increasedmaterial toughness & resistance to failure inheavily loaded JSF engine gears & bearings.

20

Significant AFOSR TransitionsCont.

• Vulnerability to Restricted Sleep: There isno “adaptation” to chronic sleep loss. Evenhighly experienced pilots skills andjudgments are degraded with sleep loss.

• TiAl Turbine Blades: Gamma TiAl wasselected by GE-Aviation as the material forlow pressure turbine blades in the GEnxengine. TiAl provides superior specificstrength and creep resistance.

• Self-Healing Materials:Research has demonstrated the ability toengineer high efficiency self-healingpolymeric composites for many AFapplications. One result would be moredurable and longer-lasting aircraft.

Day of Sleep Restriction

Cumulative Failures toRespond

8 hr8 hr6 hr6 hr

4 hr4 hr

Perf

orm

ance

get

ting

wor

se

SleepAttacks ≥ 30sec.

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Light Stopped then Revived!

Featured on the cover of Nature

February 8, 2007

• Able to stop a light pulse in oneBose-Einstein condensate (BEC)and revived it from a second,separate BEC

• Controlled processing of opticalinformation via coherent matterwave dynamics

• Important application forcoherent optical and quantuminformation processing

22

STTR: 3-D Nano-Scale Reinforcement forAdvanced Composite Structures

Investigated 3-D composite reinforcement materials utilizing carbonnanotubes to increase performance, reduce weight, and save cost

• UT Dallas developed innovative processes to produce carbon nanotubeyarns

• 3TEX fabricated first ever samples of 3-D braids consisting solely of carbonnanotubes

• 3TEX designed and constructed new 3-D micro-weaving machine andproduced 3-D nanobraid that shows exceptional flexibility, resistance todamage, and high strain to failure PM – Dr. L. Lee

Budget - $850K (FY05-07)

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• Bipolar operation with alternate (~1 Hz)polarity provides neutrality withoutcathode and avoids electrolytic reaction

positive beam

negative beam

+

+

_

_

John Fenn awarded Nobel Prize (Oct 2002)his work in electrospray mass spectroscopy

Clip System for2D MEMS GridsAllows precise (2µm) alignment ofexternalelectrodes

Electrospray PropulsionAccelerationElectrode

Vstart

Vaccel

Po

Taylor Cone

ExtractionElectrode

DropletFan

ConductiveLiquid L

Ultra Small PropulsionDevices

No plasma, high pressure, high temp in this device. Aconductive propellant flows through a capillary tube orneedle.

24

2005 Nobel Prize in PhysicsRoy J. Glauber, Harvard University

"for his contribution to the quantum theory ofoptical coherence"

2005 Nobel Prize in EconomicsThomas C. Schelling, University of Maryland

"for having enhanced our understanding of conflictand cooperation through game-theory analysis"

2005 Nobel Prize in ChemistryRobert Grubbs, California Institute of Technology

"for the development of the metathesis method inorganic synthesis"

Recent Nobel Prize WinnersFunded by AFOSR

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AFOSR is Part of DoDBasic Research Enterprise

Total: $1.428B

2008 Presidential Budget

USAF

$376M

26%

DARPA

$153M

11%

Other

$127M

9%

Army

$306M

21%

Navy

$467M

33%

26

MURI 07: Bio-inspired Flight for MAVs

27

First Rewritable 3D Hologram

Nasser PeyghambarianU of Arizona

28

High Energy Density Propellants

Identify and develop advanced chemical propellantsfor rocket and satellite propulsion applications

• Energetic ionic liquids for boost and upper stages• Aluminum nanoparticles for solid propellants• Polynitrogen propellants for upper stages

• Novel high-energymolecular systems

• Explore limits ofenergy storage,stability

• Close integrationoftheory/experiment

0

4

8

12

16

20

Hyd

razine

NTO

/MM

H

IHPRPT II

I

AF-L

301

Dens

ity *

Isp

(lb-s

ec/in

3 )

II

IL

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Direct launch to space requires:• Gun velocities of > 7 km/sec• Plasma drive

Critical issues:• Railgun propulsion mechanism• Aerothermal loads at Mach = 25

Electromagnetic Railgun MicrosatLaunch

APPROACH:• Increase ablation resistance of

bore by using high purityceramic insulators

• Use augmentation to limit powerin the bore without reducing thepropulsive force

• Use pre-acceleration to preventablation of the bore materials atlow velocity

30

Space Weather: NumericalSimulations of Space Storms

• Important progress toward space weather forecast capability• To develop a modular, adaptive, parallel computational model of the Sun-Earth system• High-performance global magnetohydrodynamics model combined with solution-adaptive, mesh-refinement technology

MURI: Numerical Simulations of Space Storms

Halloween Storms

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screeningfield

genomic sequence around hox genes in S. platensis7098 bp

HoxE HoxF HoxU HoxY HoxHORF?

diaphorase moiety Ni-Fe hydrogenase moiety

BamHI (1484)EcoRI (4977)

ClaI (2981) ClaI (7047)NcoI (1099)

NcoI (3375) NcoI (6934)

H2Oxygenic PhotosynthesisH2O

O2

genome

mutants• Mine & screen right organisms• Suppress competing pathways• Mutate for higher H2 production• Engineer optimal hydrogenases

sunlight

Cyanobacteria & Microaglae

genes & pathways

• Identified novel H2 photoproducers• Developed high throughput screen for H2• Built ultra-sensitive H2 detection instruments• Engineered mutants in green algae

Renewable & Clean H2 Energy

Collaboration with DoE & AFRL/ML

Biosolar Energy: Hydrogen &Jet Fuel

32

Biomimetic Production of SpiderSilk as Fibers and Thin Film

• To produce silk films possessing highstrength, stiffness and extensibility

• To produce silk fibers possessing higherstrength than original spider silk (10xstronger than steel)

• Spun silkworm silk into fiber matching the superiorproperties of spider silk

• Created film matching the mechanical properties of fiber• Entrapped enzymes in film with no decrease in catalytic

activity

Membranes cast from greenfluorescent protein & silk solutions

Spider silk isstronger than Kevlar,but more flexiblethan nylon

33

Contact Information and More

• AFOSR Home Page: http://www.afosr.af.mil

• POC at AFOSR:Mr. Ed LeeProgram Managered.lee@afosr.af.mil 703-696-7318

Major Grady Phillips, USAFChief, External Programs & Resources Interfacegrady.phillips@afosr.af.mil 703-696-6563